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Advanced Subsidiary Level

Topic Test-B
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PHYSICS
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Next: Topic Test-C, 1st Feb.
LEGENDS PHYSICS 25th January 2023

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Page 1 of 26
Page 2 of 26
 Paper-1
1 What is needed to accurately represent all physical quantities?

A a base unit and a number

B a unit and a number expressed in standard form (scientific notation)
C a unit and a numerical magnitude
D an SI unit and a numerical magnitude

2 A voltmeter connected across a resistor in a circuit reads 3.6 V.

What could be the current in the resistor and the resistance of the resistor?

3 In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall g, the time t taken for a ball to fall
through distance s is measured. The percentage uncertainty in the measurement of s is 2%. The
percentage uncertainty in the measurement of t is 3%.
The value of g is determined using the equation shown.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of g?

A 1% B 5% C 8% D 11%

4 Which quantity is a vector?

A momentum
B speed
C temperature
D Young modulus

5 A particle accelerates from rest.

The graph shows the variation of the velocity v of the particle with time t.

Page 3 of 26
 Which graph shows the variation of the velocity v with the acceleration a of the particle?

6 The graph shows the vertical velocity of a parachutist during the first 20s of her jump.

Approximately how far does she fall before opening the parachute?
A 390 m B 570 m C 710 m D 770 m

7 What is the definition of linear momentum?

A force per unit time B product of force and time

C product of velocity and mass D velocity per unit mass

8 A snowflake and a raindrop are in still air. They both fall from rest at the same time and from the
same height, far above the ground.
The snowflake and raindrop contain the same mass of water. Assume that there is no
evaporation or melting. Also assume that, for a given speed, the drag force acting on the
snowflake is greater than the drag force acting on the raindrop.

Which statement about the snowflake and raindrop is correct?

A The raindrop takes more time than the snowflake to reach terminal velocity.
B The raindrop takes more time than the snowflake to reach the ground.
C They reach the same terminal velocity.
D They take the same amount of time to reach the ground.

Page 4 of 26
9 A box, in the shape of a cube, falls from a ship into the sea. The box lands with its lower face
level with the surface of the sea.

The box begins to sink, becomes totally submerged and then sinks deeper into the sea.
As the box sinks, its lower face is always parallel to the surface of the sea.
Which graph best represents the variation of the upthrust acting on the box with the depth of its
lower face below the surface of the sea?

10 The mobility 𝜇 of electrons travelling through a metal conductor can be calculated using the
equation

where e is the charge on an electron and m is its mass. The average time between the collisions of
an electron with the atoms in the metal is 𝜏.
What are the SI base units of 𝜏?
A A kg–1 B A s2 kg–1 C A s kg–1 D A s–2 kg–1

11 A paperback book contains 210 sheets of paper (pages). Its thickness is measured with a ruler, as
shown.

What is the average thickness of one sheet of the paper in the book?
A 0.013 mm B 0.017 mm C 0.13 mm D 0.17 mm

Page 5 of 26
12 A computer memory stick is labelled as having a storage capacity of 128 GB.
The letter B stands for byte, which is a unit.

What is the equivalent storage capacity?

A 1.28 × 108 B B 1.28 × 1011 B C 1.28 × 1014 B D 1.28 × 1011 B

13 A student measures the time T for one complete oscillation of a pendulum of length l.
Her results are shown in the table.

She uses the formula

to calculate the acceleration of free fall g.

What is the best estimate of the percentage uncertainty in the value of g ?
A 0.02% B 4% C 8% D 16%

14 What is a reasonable estimate for the density of sand?

A 2 102 g cm-3
B 2 103 g cm–3
C 2 101 kg m–3
D 2 103 kg m–3

15 A man of mass 75.2 kg uses a set of weighing scales to measure his mass three times. He obtains
the following readings.

Which statement describes the precision and accuracy of the weighing scales?

A not precise to ± 0.1 kg and accurate to ± 0.1 kg

B not precise to ± 0.1 kg and not accurate to ± 0.1 kg
C precise to ± 0.1 kg and accurate to ± 0.1 kg
D precise to ± 0.1 kg and not accurate to ± 0.1 kg

Page 6 of 26
16 An object is acted upon by two forces, 10 N in the vertical direction and 6 N at 40°to the vertical,
as shown.

What is the resultant force acting on the object?

17 A velocity vector is shown.

What are the components of the velocity vector in the northerly and in the easterly directions?

18 A parachutist falls vertically from rest at time t = 0 from a hot-air balloon. She falls for some
distance before opening her parachute.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the parachutist?

Page 7 of 26
19 A car travels along a straight horizontal road. The graph shows the variation of the velocity v of
the car with time t for 6.0 s of its journey.

The brakes of the car are applied from t = 1.0 s to t = 4.0 s.

How far does the car travel while the brakes are applied?
A 21 m B 45 m C 67 m D 83 m
20 A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff and falls into the sea below. Air resistance is
negligible. The path of the stone is shown.

Page 8 of 26
 In which direction does the resultant force on the stone act during its fall?
A horizontally to the right B parallel to its velocity
C perpendicular to its velocity D vertically downwards

21 A projectile is fired from point P with velocity V at an angle  to the horizontal. It lands at point
Q, a horizontal distance R from P, after time T.

The acceleration of free fall is g. Air resistance is negligible.

Which equation is correct?

22 A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial speed v at an angle 𝛼 to the horizontal.

23 How can the acceleration of an object be determined?

A from the area under a displacement–time graph

B from the area under a velocity–time graph
C from the gradient of a displacement–time graph
D from the gradient of a velocity–time graph

24 A sprinter takes a time of 11.0 s to run a 100 m race. She first accelerates uniformly from rest,
reaching a speed of 10 m s–1. She then runs at a constant speed of 10 m s–1 until the finish line.

What is the uniform acceleration of the sprinter for the first part of the race?
A 0.5 m s–2 B 0.91 m s–2 C 1.7 m s–2 D 5.0 m s–2

Page 9 of 26
25 Two blocks of masses M and m are joined by a thin string which passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown.

The acceleration of free fall is g.

What is the acceleration a of the two blocks?

26 Steel pellets, each with a mass of 0.60 g, fall vertically onto a horizontal plate at a rate

of 100 pellets per minute.

They strike the plate with a velocity of 5.0 m s–1 and rebound with a velocity of 4.0 m s–1.
What is the average force exerted on the plate by the pellets?
A 0.0010 N B 0.0054 N C 0.0090 N D 0.54 N

27 A ship of mass 8.4  107 kg is approaching a harbour with speed 16.4 m s–1. By using reverse
thrust it can maintain a constant total stopping force of 920 000 N.

How long will it take to stop?

A 15 seconds B 150 seconds C 25 minutes D 250 minutes
28 Each diagram illustrates a pair of forces of equal magnitude.
Which diagram gives an example of a pair of forces that is described by Newton’s third law of
motion?

Page 10 of 26
29 The space probe Rosetta was designed to investigate a comet. The probe consisted of an orbiter
and a lander. The orbiter had a mass of 170 kg and the lander had a mass of 100 kg. When the
two parts separated, the lander was pushed towards the surface of the comet so that its change in
velocity towards the comet was 3.0 m s–1.

Assume that the orbiter and lander were an isolated system.

The orbiter moved away from the comet during the separation.
What was the change in the speed of the orbiter?
A 1.8 m s–1 B 2.3 m s–1 C 3.0 m s–1 D 5.1 m s–1
30 A book of weight W is at rest on a table. A student attempts to state Newton’s third law of motion
by saying that ‘action equals reaction’.

Page 11 of 26
 If the weight of the book is the ‘action’ force, what is the ‘reaction’ force?
A the force W acting downwards on the Earth from the table
B the force W acting upwards on the book from the table
C the force W acting upwards on the Earth from the book
D the force W acting upwards on the table from the floor

31 A sky-diver falls from a stationary balloon at time t = 0. As the sky-diver falls, her speed and the
air resistance increase until the force of the air resistance is equal to her weight.
Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the displacement s for the motion of the sky-
diver?

32 A rigid, hollow sphere is immersed deep in water and released from rest. It experiences an
upthrust which propels it towards the surface of the water.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of its upward velocity v?

33 The resultant force F on a raindrop of mass m falling vertically with velocity v is given by the
equation

where k is a constant and g is the acceleration of free fall.

The falling raindrop eventually reaches a constant (terminal) velocity.
Which graph shows the variation of the terminal velocity of the raindrop with mass m?

Page 12 of 26
34 A single horizontal force F is applied to a block X which is in contact with a separate block Y, as
shown.

The blocks remain in contact as they accelerate along a horizontal frictionless surface. Air
resistance is negligible. X has a greater mass than Y.

Which statement is correct?

A The acceleration of X is equal to force F divided by the mass of X.

B The force that X exerts on Y is equal to F.
C The force that X exerts on Y is less than F.
D The force that X exerts on Y is less than the force that Y exerts on X.

35 A car of mass 750 kg has a horizontal driving force of 2.0 kN acting on it. It has a forward
horizontal acceleration of 2.0 m s–2.

What is the resistive force acting horizontally?

A 0.50 kN B 1.5 kN C 2.0 kN D 3.5 kN

Page 13 of 26
36 A ball of mass m travelling at velocity u collides with a stationary ball of mass M. After collision
the two balls travel at velocities v and V respectively, in the directions shown.

A student writes three equations relating to the collision.

Which row in the table indicates the correct and incorrect equations?

37 Water flows out of a pipe and hits a wall.

When the jet of water hits the wall, it has horizontal velocity v and cross-sectional area A.
The density of the water is ρ. The water does not rebound from the wall.

What is the force exerted on the wall by the water?

38 A stationary firework explodes into three pieces. The masses and the velocities of the three
pieces immediately after the explosion are shown.

Page 14 of 26
 What are speed v1 and speed v2?

39 Two balls X and Y are moving towards each other with speeds of 5 m s–1 and 15 ms–1
respectively.

They make a perfectly elastic head-on collision and ball Y moves to the right with a speed
of 7 m s–1.
What is the speed and direction of ball X after the collision?

A 3 m s–1 to the left B 13 m s–1 to the left

C 3 m s–1 to the right D 13 m s–1 to the right

40 A stationary toy gun fires a bullet.

Which statement about the bullet and the gun, immediately after firing, is not correct?
A The force exerted on the bullet by the gun has the same magnitude as the force exerted on
the gun by the bullet.
B The force exerted on the bullet by the gun is in the opposite direction to the force exerted
on the gun by the bullet.
C The gun and the bullet have the same magnitude of momentum.
D The kinetic energy of the gun must equal the kinetic energy of the bullet.

Page 15 of 26
MCQ Answer Sheet
1 A B C D
2 A B C D
3 A B C D
4 A B C D
5 A B C D
6 A B C D
7 A B C D
8 A B C D
9 A B C D
10 A B C D
11 A B C D
12 A B C D
13 A B C D
14 A B C D
15 A B C D
16 A B C D
17 A B C D
18 A B C D
19 A B C D
20 A B C D
21 A B C D
22 A B C D
23 A B C D
24 A B C D
25 A B C D
26 A B C D
27 A B C D
28 A B C D
29 A B C D
30 A B C D
31 A B C D
32 A B C D
33 A B C D
34 A B C D
35 A B C D
36 A B C D
37 A B C D
38 A B C D
39 A B C D
40 A B C D

Page 16 of 26
 Paper-2

1 (a) Make estimates of:

(i) the mass, in g, of a new pencil

mass = ...................................................... g [1]

(ii) the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation.

wavelength = ..................................................... m [1]

(b) The period T of the oscillations of a mass m suspended from a spring is given by

where k is the spring constant of the spring.

The manufacturer of a spring states that it has a spring constant of 25Nm–1 ± 8%. A mass of 200 ×
10–3kg ± 4 × 10–3kg is suspended from the end of the spring and then made to oscillate.
(i) Calculate the period T of the oscillations.

T = ...................................................... s [1]
(ii) Determine the value of T, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of
significant figures.

T = ............................................. ± ............................................. s [3]

[Total: 6]
2 (a) State one similarity and one difference between distance and displacement.

similarity: ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

difference: .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

[2]

Page 17 of 26
 (b)A student takes several measurements of the same quantity. This set of measurements has
high precision, but low accuracy.

Describe what is meant by:

(i) high precision

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) low accuracy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

3 A child on a sledge slides down a steep hill and then travels in a straight line up an ice-covered
slope, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The sledge passes point A with speed 18 m s–1 at time t = 0 and then comes to rest at point B. The
child applies a brake to the sledge at point B. The brake does not keep the sledge stationary and it
immediately slides back down the slope towards A.

The variation with time t of the velocity v of the sledge from t = 0 to t = 24 s is shown in Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.2

Page 18 of 26
 (a) State the time taken for the sledge to travel from A to B.

time = ........................................................s [1]

(b) Determine the displacement of the sledge up the slope from point A at time t = 24 s.

displacement = .......................................................m [3]

(c) Show that the acceleration of the sledge as it moves from B back towards A is 0.50 m s–2.

[2]
[Total: 6]

4.2 (a) Define acceleration.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A steel ball of diameter 0.080m is released from rest and falls vertically in air, as illustrated in
Fig. 2.1.

Page 19 of 26
A horizontal beam of light of negligible width is a vertical distance of 0.280m below the bottom
of the ball when it is released. The ball falls through and breaks the beam of light.
(i) Explain why the force due to air resistance acting on the ball may be neglected when
calculating the time taken for the ball to reach the beam of light.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from rest to position P where the bottom of the ball
touches the beam of light.

time taken = ....................................................... s [2]

(iii) Determine the time interval during which the beam of light is broken by the ball.

time interval = ....................................................... s [2]

(c) A different ball is released from the same position as the steel ball in (b). This ball has the
same diameter but a much lower density. For this ball, the force due to air resistance cannot be
neglected as the ball falls.

State and explain the change, if any, to the time interval during which the beam of light is broken
by the ball.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

Page 20 of 26
5.2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the velocity–time graph for an object moving in a straight line.

(i) Determine an expression, in terms of u, v and t, for the area under the graph.

area = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the quantity represented by the area under the graph.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A ball is kicked with a velocity of 15ms–1 at an angle of 60° to horizontal ground. The ball
then strikes a vertical wall at the instant when the path of the ball becomes horizontal, as shown
in Fig. 2.2.

Assume that air resistance is negligible.

(i) By considering the vertical motion of the ball, calculate the time it takes to reach the wall.

time = ...................................................... s [3]

Page 21 of 26
 (ii) Explain why the horizontal component of the velocity of the ball remains constant as it moves
to the wall.
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Show that the ball strikes the wall with a horizontal velocity of 7.5ms–1.

[1]

(c) The mass of the ball in (b) is 0.40kg. It is in contact with the wall for a time of 0.12s and
rebounds horizontally with a speed of 4.3ms–1.
(i) Use the information from (b)(iii) to calculate the change in momentum of the ball due to the
collision.

change in momentum = ........................................... kgms–1 [2]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the wall.

average force = ..................................................... N [1]

[Total: 10]

6.2 A spherical balloon is filled with a fixed mass of gas. A small block is connected by a string to
the balloon, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Page 22 of 26
 The block is held on the ground by an external force so that the string is vertical. The density of
the air surrounding the balloon is 1.2kgm–3. The upthrust acting on the balloon is 0.071N. The
upthrust acting on the string and block is negligible.
(a) By using Archimedes’ principle, calculate the radius r of the balloon.

r = ..................................................... m [2]

(b) The total weight of the balloon, string and block is 0.053N.
The external force holding the block on the ground is removed so that the released block is lifted
vertically upwards by the balloon.
Calculate the acceleration of the block immediately after it is released.

acceleration = ................................................ ms–2 [3]

[Total: 5]

7.2 (a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A stationary firework explodes into three different fragments that move in a horizontal
plane, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1

Page 23 of 26
 The fragment of mass 3.0M has a velocity of 7.0 m s–1 perpendicular to line AB.
The fragment of mass 2.0M has a velocity of 6.0 m s–1 at angle θ to line AB.
The fragment of mass 1.5M has a velocity of 8.0 m s–1 at angle θ to line AB.

(i) Use the principle of conservation of momentum to determine θ.

θ = ........................................................ ° [3]
(ii) Calculate the ratio

ratio = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]

8.3 (a) State Newton’s third law of motion.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A block X of mass mX slides in a straight line along a horizontal frictionless surface, as shown
in Fig. 3.1.

The block X, moving with speed 5v, collides head-on with a stationary block Y of mass mY.
The two blocks stick together and then move with common speed v, as shown in Fig. 3.2.

Page 24 of 26
 𝑚𝑌
(i) Use conservation of momentum to show that the ratio is equal to 4.
𝑚𝑋

[2]
total kinetic energy of X and Y after collision
(ii) Calculate the ratio .
total kinetic energy of X and Y before collision

ratio = ......................................................... [3]

(iii) State the value of the ratio in (ii) for a perfectly elastic collision.

ratio = ......................................................... [1]

(c) The variation with time t of the momentum of block X in (b) is shown in Fig. 3.3.

Page 25 of 26
Block X makes contact with block Y at time t = 20ms.
(i) Describe, qualitatively, the magnitude and direction of the resultant force, if any, acting on
block X in the time interval:

1. t = 0 to t = 20ms

...........................................................................................................................................
2. t = 20ms to t = 40ms.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) On Fig. 3.3, sketch the variation of the momentum of block Y with time t from t = 0 to t =
60ms.
[3]
[Total: 14]

Page 26 of 26