Simultaneous Heat & Mass Transfer

&
Instrumentation & Process Control
Lab
(CH-415L)

Prepared by: Engr. Roohi Amin

Recap
No. Equipment Experiment Week. #
01. Bench Top Cooling Tower Experiment 1: Analyzing Effect of Water and Air Week 01
Flowrate
02. Convection Drying Unit Experiment 1: Analyzing Reduction in weight and Week 02
Drying Rate
03. Adsorption Experiment 1: Analyzing the Effect of Contact Time Week 03
on Adsorption
04. Gas Absorption Unit Experiment 1: Gas Concentration before and after Week 04
Absorption
Experiment No.2: Pressure drop in Absorption Week 04
Column
05. Cooling Crystallization Experiment 1: Understanding the basics of Cooling Week 05
Crystallization and Factor effecting Crystal Growth
 Mid Term Exam

Date: November 14, 2024

Day: Thursday
Time: 6:00 PM
Content:
i. Bench Top cooling tower
ii. Convection drying unit
iii. Adsorption
iv. Gas absorption unit
v. Cooling Crystallization
Consult Lab Manual for detailed content

Duration: 45 minutes
Location: Computer Lab
 Lab Reports Submission
Lab Reports for Experiments before Mids:

Submission Deadline: November 21, 2024 (11:59 PM)

Submission Details:
Class Name: SHMT&IPC (Fall-2021)
Class ID: 46301754
Enrollment Key: 112233

Lab Reports for Experiments after Mids:

Submission Deadline: Every next lab

Submission Details:
Class Name: SHMT&IPC (Fall-2021)
Class ID: 46301754
Enrollment Key: 112233
No. Equipment Experiment Week. #
06. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Experiment 1: Extraction of a component Week 07
from liquid mixture and its enrichment.

07. Distillation Unit Experiment No.1: Effect of

reflux/temperature on distillate
composition
Experiment No.2: Effect of Total reflux on
composition at different plates

08. Pressure Control Experiment 1: Analyzing the step response

Demonstration Unit of pressure control system and its behavior
with PID.
09. Temperature Control Experiment 1: Analyzing the step response
Demonstration Unit of temperature control system and its
behavior with PID.
No. Equipment Experiment Week.#

10. Flow / Level Control Experiment 1: Analyzing water level in the

Demonstration Unit tank and water flowrate using PID controller

11. Water Quality Control Unit Experiment 1: Analyzing and controlling

conductivity of water

Experiment 2: Analyzing and controlling pH of

water

Experiment 3: Analyzing and controlling

Oxygen concentration of water

Experiment 4: Controlling the redox potential

Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Liquid-liquid Such a process is also
extraction is a referred to as liquid 3 stages are involved
process for separating extraction or solvent in the process i.e.:
components in extraction
solution by their
distribution between
two immiscible liquid
phases

i) Bringing the feed iii) Removal and

ii) Separation of the
mixture and the recovery of the
resulting two phases,
solvent into intimate solvent from each
and
contact phase
Liquid Liquid Extraction refers to the dissolving out of one or
more components of a liquid mixture using a solvent.

It involves at least three liquids.

Examples include:
• Separation of aromatic compounds from crude oil fractions
• Separation of vitamins from aqueous solutions
• Removal of lecithin from vegetable oil
 LLE includes
Types of Liquids

TRANSITION CARRIER LIQUID SOLVENT

COMPONENT
Driving Force for LLE?
• Density Difference is the main driving force
for LLE

• Stream with low density is pumped from

bottom and vice versa
Characteristics of Solvents for Selection in
Process

• Good solubility of the target compound

• Poor solubility of impurities
• Toxicity and safety properties of the extraction solvent
• Density
• Viscosity
• Ease of Recovery
• Cost and Availability
 Solid Phase Extraction Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Feature
(SPE) (LLE)
Separation based on Separation based on
adsorption/desorption on partitioning between two
Principle
solid phase liquids

Materials Solid stationary phase (e.g., Two immiscible liquids

silica, polymer beads) (e.g., water and organic

Difference between
solvent)

Solid Phase Applications Small volume purification

and concentration
Isolation of compounds
based on solubility

Extraction & Liquid differences

Liquid Extraction Efficiency High efficiency, fast, and

automated
Generally slower, may
require multiple extractions

Cost Higher initial cost but lower Lower material costs,

solvent use higher solvent use
 Where distillation would require
excessive amount of heat e.g when
the relative volatilities fall between
1.0 and 1.2

Liquid extraction is preferable When the components to be

compared to distillation in these separated are heat sensitive e.g
cases: antibiotics

When the components are

relatively non-volatile e.g mineral
salts
Transition of component from two component mixture
to solvent by extraction

Enrichment of transition component in extract by

distillation

Evaluation of separation processes efficiency by

measuring concentrations

Influence of experimental variations on separation

processes
Batch & Continuous Modes of Operation

In Batch mode, Feed after Extraction goes to Feed Tank as Raffinate and Solvent after Extraction
moves to Solvent Tank as Extract containing the transition liquid within it.

In Batch mode, multiple process cycles are possible so has greater efficiency.

In Continuous mode, Feed after Extraction goes to Raffinate Tank as Raffinate and Solvent after
Extraction moves to Extract Tank as Extract containing the transition liquid within it.

In Continuous Mode, multiple process cycles are not possible.

Mass Balance

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡

𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣,𝑖𝑛 + 𝑉𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑,𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣,𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑉𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑,𝑜𝑢𝑡

➢ Focus on concentration of transition component in various phases.

Hydraulic Balance

• When 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣,𝑖𝑛 > 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣,𝑜𝑢𝑡 , Phase boundary moves

upwards
• When 𝑉𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑,𝑖𝑛 > 𝑉𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑,𝑜𝑢𝑡 , Phase boundary moves
downwards
Experiment
Objective:

Extraction of
Ethanol from
Oil in Water
Experimental Conditions:

• Extraction of ethanol from oil with

water
• Mass fraction of ethanol in feed is
10%
• Equal masses of feed and solvent
i.e., 5000g
• Extraction time is 180 minutes
• Solvent flow is 400mL/min
• Feed flow is 800mL/min
Experimental
Procedure
Observations and Measurements

Extraction Volumetric Volumetric Valve V4 Valve V3 Level Notes

Time flowrate of flowrate of Opening Opening Phase
feed solvent Boundary
(minutes) (mL/min) (mL/min) % Turns (cm)
-- -- -- -- -- -- --

Extraction Temperature Mass Mass fraction of Notes

Time ethanol
(minutes) (deg C) (g/ 100mL) (%)
-- -- -- -- --
Thank You!