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Summary Week 6

applied linguistic

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11 views2 pages

Summary Week 6

applied linguistic

Uploaded by

kartikasuci2908
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Suci Kartika

Student’S ID: 22019132

Summary week 6

1. Understanding Applied Linguistics

Applied linguistics is presented as a field that applies linguistic theories to address real-world
language issues. It encompasses diverse areas such as language teaching, translation, language
policy, and speech pathology. Applied linguistics relies heavily on language descriptions and
theories from core linguistics to inform its methodologies, underscoring the connection between
theoretical and practical approaches to language.

2. Phonetics and Phonology

 Phonetics: Phonetics involves the study of the sounds in languages, emphasizing the
importance of transcribing speech sounds accurately using systems like the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Different types of sounds, such as vowels and consonants, are
analyzed by place and manner of articulation.

 Phonology: Phonology delves into how these sounds are organized within specific
languages, focusing on phonemes (distinctive sounds) and phonotactics (rules governing
sound sequences). Understanding these sound systems helps applied linguists in areas
like language teaching, especially for pronunciation instruction.

3. Morphology

Morphology examines how words are constructed from morphemes, the smallest units of
meaning. The document distinguishes between:

 Inflectional Morphology: Deals with grammatical variations of words, such as tense or


number (e.g., "walk" vs. "walked").

 Derivational Morphology: Focuses on creating new words by adding affixes, which can
change a word’s meaning or grammatical category (e.g., "happy" to "happiness"). This
understanding is crucial for teaching vocabulary, language development, and dictionary
creation.

4. Syntax

Syntax is the study of sentence structure, including the order and combination of words. This
section explores:
 Word Classes and Phrasal Structure: Identifies noun phrases, verb phrases, etc., and
explains their arrangement in sentences.

 Complex Sentences: Discusses how clauses are combined into complex sentences using
coordination (e.g., "and") and subordination (e.g., "because").

 Sentence Types: Declarative, interrogative, and imperative forms are covered, showing
how languages differ in expressing statements, questions, and commands. This syntactic
knowledge aids in designing grammar curricula and understanding language acquisition.

5. Semantics

Semantics deals with meaning in language and is divided into:

 Lexical Semantics: Examines word meanings and relationships between words, such as
synonymy (similar meanings) and antonymy (opposite meanings).

 Grammatical Semantics: Studies how grammatical elements, like tense and aspect,
contribute to sentence meaning. Semantic analysis supports applied linguistic efforts in
language policy and education by clarifying how meaning is conveyed across languages.

6. Information Structure

Information structure addresses how information is organized in sentences based on what is


known (given) or new to the listener. Understanding topic-comment structure and given-new
distinctions informs discourse analysis and assists in language teaching strategies by helping
learners structure information naturally in conversations.

7. The Role of Applied Linguistics

The textbook emphasizes that applied linguistics benefits from a foundational knowledge of
linguistic theories, as it applies these insights to solve practical language problems. For example,
phonological knowledge helps in pronunciation teaching, and syntactic theories inform the
design of language learning materials. Furthermore, applied linguistics provides feedback to
linguistic theory, particularly as it encounters real-world complexities that challenge and refine
theoretical frameworks.

8. Conclusion

Overall, this book provides a thorough foundation in language description, which is essential for
applied linguistics practitioners. It reinforces the idea that while applied linguistics is a distinct
field focused on practical outcomes, it depends on a solid understanding of linguistic theory to
address issues in language teaching, translation, policy, and beyond.

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