Lecture 7:

QUESTIONS

Course: heat transfer 1

By:
Student name: Mohammed Omar Ibrahim
Student ID: 52010496

To:
Prof. Dr. Osayed Sayed
1. External forced convection is important in the design of which engineering systems?

a. Electrical circuits
b. Chemical reactors
c. Aircraft and automobiles
d. Water treatment plants

2. The flow fields and geometries for most external flow problems are too complicated to be solved
analytically. Therefore, we rely on correlations based on:

a. Theoretical models
b. Experimental data
c. Computational simulations
d. Empirical formulas

3. The velocity of the fluid relative to an immersed solid body outside the boundary layer is called the:

a. Free-stream velocity
b. Surface velocity
c. Boundary velocity
d. Drag velocity

4. The force a flowing fluid exerts on a body in the flow direction is called:

a. Lift
b. Thrust
c. Drag
d. Resistance

5. The drag force on a body in external flow is due to the combined effects of:

a. Pressure only
b. Wall shear only
c. Friction and pressure
d. Lift and thrust
6. The drag coefficient is primarily a function of the shape of the body, but it may also depend on:

a. The density of the fluid

b. The frontal area of the body
c. The Reynolds number
d. All of the above

7. The part of drag that is due directly to wall shear stress is called:

a. Skin friction drag

b. Pressure drag
c. Form drag
d. Viscous drag

8. For parallel flow over a flat plate, the drag coefficient is equal to:

a. The friction drag coefficient

b. The pressure drag coefficient
c. The form drag coefficient
d. The total drag coefficient

9. The friction drag coefficient is independent of surface roughness in:

a. Laminar flow
b. Turbulent flow
c. Transitional flow
d. All flow regimes

10. The pressure drag is usually dominant for which type of bodies?

a. Streamlined bodies
b. Blunt bodies
c. Thin plates
d. Airfoils

11. The separated region behind a body where recirculating and backflows occur is called the:

a. Wake
b. Boundary layer
c. Shear layer
d. Separation zone
12. The larger the separated region, the larger the:

a. Lift force
b. Pressure drag
c. Friction drag
d. Skin friction coefficient

13. Which type of drag is caused by frictional effects?

a. Lift drag
b. Pressure drag
c. Skin friction drag
d. Form drag

14. For parallel flow over a flat plate, the drag coefficient is equal to which coefficient?

a. Friction drag coefficient

b. Pressure drag coefficient
c. Form drag coefficient
d. Lift drag coefficient

15. What is the separated region behind a body in which recirculating and backflows occur called?

a. Boundary layer
b. Wake
c. Free-stream region
d. Separation region

16. The phenomena that affect drag force also affect which aspect of heat transfer?

a. Thermal conductivity
b. Heat flux
c. Nusselt number
d. Temperature gradient

17. Which equation represents the relationship between local and average Nusselt numbers?

a. Nusselt = Reynolds^2
b. Nusselt = Prandtl^2
c. Nusselt = Grashof^2
d. Nusselt = Prandtl × Reynolds
18. The experimental data for heat transfer are often represented by which type of relation?

a. Exponential relation
b. Linear relation
c. Power-law relation
d. Quadratic relation

19. What is the value of the constant C in the power-law relation for heat transfer?

a. Depends on fluid density

b. Depends on geometry and flow
c. Depends on Reynolds number
d. Depends on surface roughness

20. Which term refers to the fluid temperature at the surface in the thermal boundary layer?

a. T∞
b. Ts
c. T0
d. Tavg

21. The drag force on a body is influenced by which of the following factors?

a. Body size and shape

b. Fluid density and velocity
c. Reynolds number
d. All of the above

22. The drag coefficient is defined as the ratio of:

a. Drag force to body size

b. Drag force to fluid velocity
c. Drag force to fluid density
d. Drag force to frontal area

23. Which type of drag is primarily caused by frictional effects?

a. Skin friction drag

b. Pressure drag
c. Form drag
d. Viscous drag
24. The drag force on a flat plate aligned parallel to the flow direction depends mainly on:

a. Pressure drag
b. Wall shear stress
c. Lift force
d. Frictional force

25. The drag coefficient for a body depends on the:

a. Fluid temperature
b. Surface roughness
c. Mach number
d. Body orientation

26. The drag force due to pressure is also known as:

a. Skin friction drag

b. Viscous drag
c. Form drag
d. Lift-induced drag

27. The frontal area for a cylindrical body is equal to:

a. Diameter multiplied by length

b. Diameter divided by length
c. Diameter plus length
d. Diameter minus length

28. The drag force is the net force exerted by a fluid on a body in the direction of flow due to the
combined effects of:

a. Wall shear and pressure forces

b. Viscous and gravitational forces
c. Inertial and centrifugal forces
d. Magnetic and electric forces

29. The skin friction drag is caused by the:

a. Viscosity of the fluid

b. Pressure gradient along the body
c. Separation of the boundary layer
d. Change in fluid density
30. Which type of flow results in a lower skin friction drag coefficient?

a. Laminar flow
b. Turbulent flow
c. Transitional flow
d. Both laminar and turbulent flows have the same drag coefficient

31. The pressure drag is dominant for which type of bodies?

a. Streamlined bodies
b. Blunt bodies
c. Thin plates
d. Airfoils

32. The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a continuous sheet of plastic that is 4 ft wide and
0.04 in thick at a velocity of 30 ft/min. The temperature of the plastic sheet is 200°F when it is exposed
to the surrounding air, and a 2-ft-long section of the plastic sheet is subjected to
airflow at 80°F at a velocity of 10 ft/s on both sides along its surfaces normal to the
direction of motion of the sheet, as shown in Fig. 7-15. Determine (a) the rate of
heat transfer from the plastic sheet to air by forced convection and radiation and
(b) the temperature of the plastic sheet at the end of the cooling section. Take the
density, specific heat, and emissivity of the plastic sheet to be p= 75 Ibm/ft*, c, =
0.4 Btw/lbm°F, and £ = 0.9.

 the rate of heat transfer from the plastic sheet to air by forced convection
and radiation?
a. 1639 Btu/h
b. 2639 Btu/h
c. 4639 Btu/h
d. 2619 Btu/h

 the temperature of the plastic sheet at the end of the cooling section?

a. 393.6°F
b. 143.6°F
c. 199.6°F
d. 193.6°F
33. A 2.2-cm-outer-diameter pipe is to span a river at a 30-
mwide section while being completely immersed in water
(Fig.). The average flow velocity of water is 4 m/s, and the
water temperature is 15°C. Determine the drag force exerted
on the pipe by the river.

a. 530 kN
b. 5275 kN
c. 530 kN
d. 5.30 kN

34. An airstream at | atm flows, with a velocity of 4 m/s, in parallel over a 2-m-long flat plate
where there is an unheated starting length of 0.5 m. The airstream has a temperature of 20°C, and
the heated section of the flat plate is maintained at a constant temperature of 80°C. Determine:
 the average Nusselt number
a. 93.6
b. 143.2
c. 299.6
d. 396.2
 convection heat transfer coefficient for the heated section
a. 542 W/m2K

b. 143 W/m2K
c. 499 W/m2K
d. 193 W/m2K
 the rate of heat transfer per unit width for the heated section.
a. 347.8 W/m
b. 87.8 W/m
c. 487.8 W/m
d. 187.8 W/m
35. Engine oil at 60°C flows over the upper surface of a S-m-long
flat plate whose temperature is 20°C with a velocity of 2 m/s
(Fig.). Determine :

 The total drag force.

a. 58.1 N
b. 5.81 N
c. 85.1 N
d. 18.5 N

 The rate of heat transfer per unit width of the entire plate.
a. 11,050
b. 1,050
c. 10,050
d. 9,050
36. What is the primary purpose of external forced convection in the mechanical and thermal
design of engineering systems?
a. To reduce drag forces
b. To enhance heat transfer
c. To increase fluid velocity
d. To decrease surface area

37. Which type of flow problems in external forced convection can be solved analytically?
a. Flow across cylinders
b. b. Parallel flow over flat plates
c. Flow across tube banks
d. Flow over solid bodies

38. The availability of high-speed computers has facilitated which approach in external forced
convection?
a. Analytical solutions
b. Experimental testing
c. Numerical experimentations
d. Correlation-based methods

39. What is the value of the free-stream velocity in external flow?

a. Zero at the surface
b. Equal to the upstream velocity
c. Varies with location and time
d. Equal to the downstream velocity

40. The experimental data for heat transfer are often represented by a simple power-law
relation. What does this relation describe?
a. Pressure drop
b. Friction coefficient
c. Nusselt number
d. Temperature distribution
41. What does the fluid temperature typically vary from in the thermal boundary layer?
a. Surface temperature to room temperature
b. Surface temperature to infinity
c. Room temperature to infinity
d. Room temperature to the outer edge of the boundary