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Unit 2

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7 views9 pages

Unit 2

Uploaded by

mercylin2672005
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 2

SOCKET
Sockets in Java are used for communication between two computers over a
network. It allows one machine (the server) to listen for connections and
another machine (the client) to connect to it.

A socket is an endpoint for sending or receiving data. It represents a


connection between a client and a server.

SECURE SOCKET
A **Secure Socket** ensures safe communication between two
computers over a network by encrypting the data exchanged.
This makes it difficult for hackers to intercept or alter the
information. Secure sockets use **SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)** or
**TLS (Transport Layer Security)** protocols to provide encryption,
authentication, and data integrity.
Can we call the run() method instead of start()?

 Calling start: Creates a new thread and then calls run in


that thread. This is the proper way to start a thread.
 Calling run directly: Does not create a new thread; it just
runs the code in the current thread, like a regular method.
So, use start if you want multithreading, and use run directly only
if you want to run the code sequentially in the same thread.

What is Synchronization?
In Java, synchronization is like a traffic light for threads. It ensures
that only one thread can access a shared resource (like a variable,
object, or method) at a time, preventing chaos and ensuring
everything works correctly.
Definition in Java:
Synchronization in Java is a mechanism to control access to
shared resources in a multi-threaded environment. It prevents
thread interference and consistency issues by allowing only one
thread to access a synchronized block or method at a time.

Race Condition in Java (Simpler Terms):


Imagine two people trying to withdraw money from the same
bank account at the same time. If both check the balance and
withdraw money without knowing what the other is doing, the
account might end up with the wrong balance. This confusion is a
"race condition."
Definition in Java:
A race condition in Java occurs when two or more threads
access shared data or resources simultaneously, and the
program's behavior depends on the timing or sequence of their
execution. This can lead to unpredictable results or bugs
URL in Simpler Terms:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is like an address for something
on the internet. Just like your home address tells people where
you live, a URL tells web browsers where to find a specific
webpage, file, or resource online.
Definition:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the complete web
address used to locate a resource on the internet. It includes
information such as the protocol, domain name, and sometimes
the path, query parameters, or port number needed to access the
resource.

List of the telnet application.


Network Device Management
Remote Server Access
Testing Network Connectivity
Accessing Legacy Systems
Debugging
Chat Services
Educational Purposes
Custom Applications

Java Messaging Services (JMS) are tools that help


different parts of an application talk to each other by sending
messages. Think of it like a postal service inside your app for
exchanging information. Here's a simple breakdown:
1. What is JMS?
o JMS is a Java framework that allows apps to send and
receive messages between different parts of the
system.
o It's like a middleman that ensures messages are
delivered even if one part of the app is temporarily
offline.
 ActiveMQ
 RabbitMQ
 IBM MQ
 Apache Kafka
SOCKET
Sockets in Java are used for communication between two computers over a
network. It allows one machine (the server) to listen for connections and
another machine (the client) to connect to it.

### Key Points:

1. **What is a Socket?**

A socket is an endpoint for sending or receiving data. It represents a


connection between a client and a server.

2. **Types of Sockets in Java:**

- **TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):** Reliable, connection-based


communication.

- **UDP (User Datagram Protocol):** Faster but less reliable, used for
sending packets.

3. **How it works:**

- **Server Side:**

- Create a server socket.

- Wait for a client to connect.

- Communicate with the client.

- **Client Side:**

- Create a socket to connect to the server.

- Send and receive data.

### Example: Simple Client-Server Program (TCP)

#### **Server Code:**


```

### Steps to Run:

1. Compile and run the server code first.

2. Then, compile and run the client code.


### Output:

- **Server:**

```

Server is waiting for a client…

Client connected!

Client says: Hello from client!

```

- **Client:**

```

Server says: Hello from server!

```

SECURE SOCKET
A **Secure Socket** ensures safe communication between two
computers over a network by encrypting the data exchanged.
This makes it difficult for hackers to intercept or alter the
information. Secure sockets use **SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)** or
**TLS (Transport Layer Security)** protocols to provide encryption,
authentication, and data integrity.

### Key Features of Secure Sockets:

1. **Encryption:** Data is converted into a coded format so only the intended


recipient can understand it.
2. **Authentication:** Confirms the identity of both the server and,
optionally, the client.

3. **Integrity:** Ensures that the data is not tampered with during


transmission.

### How Does a Secure Socket Work?

1. **Handshake Process:**

- The client and server exchange certificates to verify each other’s identity.

- They agree on encryption methods.

2. **Encryption:**

- All data sent over the connection is encrypted.

3. **Decryption:**

- The recipient decrypts the data using agreed-upon keys.

### Real-World Example:

- **HTTPS (HTTP Secure):** Secure sockets are used in web browsers for
secure websites (e.g., online banking, shopping).

### Secure Sockets in Java

In Java, secure sockets are implemented using the **`javax.net.ssl`**


package. Classes like `SSLSocket` and `SSLServerSocket` handle secure
communications.

### Example: Secure Socket Communication in Java


#### 1. **Generate Certificates:**

Use the `keytool` command to create a keystore and certificate.

```bash

Keytool -genkeypair -alias server -keyalg RSA -keystore keystore.jks -


storepass password

```

```

### Steps to Run:

1. Generate the certificate using `keytool`.

2. Run the **server code** first.

3. Then, run the **client code**.

### Output:

- **Server:**

```

Secure server is running…

Client says: Hello from Secure Client!

```

- **Client:**
```

Server says: Hello from Secure Server!

```

This ensures the communication is encrypted and secure!

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