STD X-2Yr Lecture 19 M.

Prakash Institute
Method 1 of solving homework problem:
Strategy: Solve equation of circle and equation of line simultane-
ously to get points of intersection say B and C. Let the given point
be denoted by A(0, 2).
Find the equations of perpendicular bisectors of any two segments.
Find center of circle by solving these two equations of perpendicu-
lar bisectors. Then find the equation of circle.
Solution:
(1) Equation of line L can be written as: y = 2x + 5
(2) Substituting this value of y in equation of circle we get,
x2 + (2x + 5)2 − 8x + 4(2x + 5) − 30 = 0.
(3) Simplifying we get,
x2 + 4x + 3, which is quadratic equation in x.
(4) Solving the quadratic we get,
x = −3 and x = −1.
Using relation y = 2x + 5 we get corresponding y coordinates −1, 3.
Thus giving B = (−3, −1) and C = (−1, 3).
(5) Equation of perpendicular bisector of AB is (y − 12 ) = 1(x− −32
).
(6) Equation of perpendicular bisector of BC is (y − 1) = 2(x + 2).
(7) Solving (5) and (6) simultaneously we get, center of circle M (−2, 1).
√
(8) Radius of the required circle is 5
(9) Equation of required circle is (x + 2)2 + (y − 1)2 = 5.
That is x2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y = 0.
Method 2 of solving homework problem:
Strategy: Solve equation of circle and equation of line simultane-
ously to get points of intersection. Equation of the required circle
can be taken as x2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0. Substituting coordinates
of three points in this equation. Obtain three equations for three
unknowns, a, b, c. Solve these equations simultaneously to obtain
values of a, b, c to get the equation of the desired circle.
Solution:
(1) Substituting point A(0, 2) in x2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 we get,
02 + 22 + a × 0 + b × 2 + c = 0
∴ 2b + c + 4 = 0.
(2) Substituting point A(−3, −1) in x2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 we
get, (−3)2 + (−1)2 + a × (−3) + b × (−1) + c = 0
∴ −3a − b + c + 10 = 0.
(3) Substituting point A(−1, 3) in x2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 we get,
(−1)2 + (3)2 + a × (−1) + b × (3) + c = 0
∴ −a + 3b + c + 10 = 0.
(4) Solving these three equations simultaneously we get,
a = 4, b = −2 and c = 0
(5) Equation of required circle is x2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y = 0.
Method 3 of solving homework problem:
We are given a circle S and a line L.
We want to find out the equation of a circle through (0, 2).
First of all we will develop a technique to find out the equation of
several curves which pass through the common points of two given
curves.
Consider curve C1 given by equation f1 (x, y) = 0 and
curve C2 given by equation f2 (x, y) = 0.
Consider a new equation
f (x, y) = f1 (x, y) + kf2 (x, y) = 0 where k ∈ R · · · (∗).
Let f (x, y) = 0 represent curve C.
Remark: In the equation (∗) x and y are variables, and k is
called the parameter. As k assumes different values, the equation
f (x, y) = 0 changes.
We say that (∗) represents one parameter family of curves.
We claim that for each value of k, the curve C always passes through
all the common points of C1 and C2 .
To prove this, let A be any point common to C1 and C2 .
Let A = (xA , yA ).
As A is a common point of C1 and C2 ,
f1 (xA , yA ) = 0 and f2 (xA , yA ) = 0
Consider f (xA , yA ) = f1 (xA , yA ) + kf2 (xA , yA ) = 0 + k(0) = 0.
As A is any point common to C1 and C2 we deduce that
C : f (x, y) = 0 passes through all the common points of
C1 and C2 .
Activity:
We invite you to apply the above method to solve circle problem.
Which equation do we start with?
S + kL = 0.
(x2 + y 2 − 8x + 4y − 30) + k(2x − y + 5 = 0) = 0 · · ·(1)
Let S ∩ L = A, B.
Clearly, (1) represents family of circles passing through B and C.
What is the nature of the curves given by (1)?
We note that coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y 2 and coefficient of
xy is always zero.
Hence we deduce that (1) represents a family of circles, passing
through common points of S and L.
Among all these circles, we need that circle which also passes through
A(0, 2). Substituting A(0, 2) in (1) we get,
02 + 22 − 8(0) + 4(2) − 30 + k[2(0) − 2 + 5] = 0.
This gives 3k = 18, ∴ k = 6.
Hence required equation of the circle is
(x2 + y 2 − 8x + 4y − 30) + 6(2x − y + 5) = 0.
That is x2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y = 0.
If we give similar problem to you by only changing the numerical
values how much time will you require to solve the problem?
Learning to solve problems by such efficient methods is the secret
of success at IIT-JEE.
Problem: Find the equation of the circle passing through common
points of S = x2 + y 2 − 8x + 4y − 30 = 0 and L : 2x − y + 5 = 0
and has radius 5 units.
Hint: Consider the equation S + 2kL = 0
Why have we taken 2k instead of k?
Find the radius in terms of k and equate it to 5. We will get
quadratic in k.
Thus leading to two possible circles.
S1 : x2 + y 2 − 4x + 2y − 20 = 0 and S2 : x2 + y 2 + 12x − 6y + 20 = 0.
Self Study Program:
Complete entire portion of standard IX and standard X trigonom-
etry from your school text books on your own.
We will conduct a test on trigonometry on February 16/17/18, 2010.
The aim of self study program is to build ability to study inde-
pendently which is one of the major requirements for doing well
at IIT-JEE.
Homework:
1. Find the equation of circle with A1 A2 as a diameter where
A1 = (x1 , y1 ) and A2 = (x2 , y2 ).
2. Find the equation of circumcircle of 4ABC where
A = (5, 4), B = (3, −1), C = (7, 11).
Review all the methods studied so far and find out which is the
most efficient.
3. Factorise a3 (b − c) + b3 (c − a) + c3 (a − b).
Hint First arrange the expression according to powers of a, then
according to powers of b.
Solution 5 of NYP
Construction:
(i) Choose F such that B − C − F and BF = BD
−→
(ii) Extend AC to K such that AD = CK.
−→ −→ −→
(iii) Construct CQ such that CQ is the image of CA in line BC.
−→
(iv) Let BK ∩ CQ = {P }.
(v) Join F, D and F, K.
Caution: Use the following hint only if you cannot complete the
solution on your own.
Hint:
(1) Find a triangle congruent to 4KDF .
(2) F is the circumcenter of 4BDK
(3) Find a triangle congruent to 4KCP .