LAB EXERCISE

EX. PAGE
DATE PROGRAM TITLE
NO. NO.

1. A List ADT using arrays.

1. B List ADT using linked lists.

2. A Stack ADT using a singly linked list.

2. B Queue ADT using a singly linked list.

3. Infix to postfix conversion.

4. Priority queue ADT Implementation.

Insertion, Deletion & Search into a binary

5.
search tree.

6. Insertion and Deletion into AVL-tree.

Breadth First Search & Depth First Search in

7.
a graph.

8. A Linear search.
8. B Binary search.

9. A Bubble sort.

9. B Selection sort.

9. C Insertion sort.

9. D Radix sort.
EX. NO: 1. A.

CODING

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX 10
void create();
void insert();
void deletion();
void search();
void display();
int a,b[20], n, p, e, f, i, pos;
void main()
{
clrscr();
int ch;
char g='y';
do
{
printf("\n main Menu");
printf("\n 1.Create \n 2.Delete \n 3.Search \n 4.Insert \n 5.Display\n
6.Exit \n");
printf("\n Enter your Choice");
scanf("%d", &ch);

switch(ch)
{
case 1:
create();
break;
case 2:
deletion();
break;
 case 3:
search();
break;
case 4:
insert();
break;
case 5:
display();
break;
case 6:
exit();
break;
default:
printf("\n Enter the correct choice:");
}
printf("\n Do u want to continue:::");
scanf("\n%c", &g);
}while(g=='y'||g=='Y');
getch();
}
void create()
{
printf("\n Enter the number of nodes");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the Element:",i+1);
scanf("%d", &b[i]);
}
}
void deletion()
{
printf("\n Enter the position u want to delete::");
scanf("%d", &pos);
if(pos>=n)
 {
printf("\n Invalid Location::");
}
else
{
for(i=pos+1;i<n;i++)
{
b[i-1]=b[i];
}
n--;
}
printf("\n The Elements after deletion");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\t%d", b[i]);
}
}
void search()
{
printf("\n Enter the Element to be searched:");
scanf("%d", &e);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(b[i]==e)
{
printf("Value is in the %d Position", i);
}
else
{
printf("Value %d is not in the list::", e);
continue;
}
}
}
void insert()
{
printf("\n Enter the position u need to insert::");
scanf("%d", &pos);
if(pos>=n)
{
printf("\n invalid Location::");
}
else
{
for(i=MAX-1;i>=pos-1;i--)
{
b[i+1]=b[i];
}
printf("\n Enter the element to insert::\n");
scanf("%d",&p);
b[pos]=p;
n++;
}
printf("\n The list after insertion::\n");
display();
}
void display()
{
printf("\n The Elements of The list ADT are:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n\n%d", b[i]);
}
}
EX. NO: 1. B

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int data;
truct node *next;
};
Struct node *head = NULL;
Struct node *current = NULL;
void printList()
{
struct node *p = head;
printf("\n[");
while(p != NULL)
{
printf(" %d ",p->data);
p=p->next;
}
printf("]");
}
void insertatbegin(int data)
{
struct node *lk =(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
lk->data = data;
lk->next = head;
head = lk;
}
void insertatend(int data)
{
struct node * lk = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
lk->data = data;
struct node *linkedlist = head;
while(linkedlist->next != NULL)
linkedlist = linkedlist->next;
 linkedlist->next = lk;
}
void insertafternode(struct node *list, int data)
{
struct node *lk = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
lk->data = data;
lk->next = list->next;
list->next = lk;
}
void deleteatbegin()
{
head = head->next;
}
void deleteatend()
{
struct node *linkedlist = head;
while (linkedlist->next->next != NULL)
linkedlist = linkedlist->next;
linkedlist->next = NULL;
}
void deletenode(int key)
{
struct node *temp = head, *prev;
if (temp != NULL && temp->data == key)
{
head = temp->next;
return;

while (temp != NULL && temp->data != key)

{
prev = temp;
temp = temp->next;
}
if (temp == NULL) return;
prev->next = temp->next;
}
int searchlist(int key)
{
 struct node *temp = head;
while(temp != NULL)
{
if (temp->data == key)
{
return 1;
}
temp=temp->next;

}
return 0;
}
void main()
{
int k=0;
insertatbegin(12);
insertatbegin(22);
insertatend(30);
insertatend(44);
insertatbegin(50);
insertafternode(head->next->next, 33);
printf("Linked List: ");
printList();
deleteatbegin();
deleteatend();
deletenode(12);
printf("\nLinked List after deletion: ");
printList();
insertatbegin(4);
insertatbegin(16);
printf("\nUpdated Linked List: ");
printList();
k = searchlist(16);
if (k == 1)
printf("\nElement is found");
else

printf("\nElement is not present in the list");

}
EX. NO: 2. A

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node
{
int info;
struct node *ptr;
}*top,*top1,*temp;
int topelement();
void push(int data);
void pop();
void empty();
void display();
void destroy();
void stack_count();
void create();
int count = 0;
void main()
{
int no, ch, e;
printf("\n 1 - Push");
printf("\n 2 - Pop");
printf("\n 3 - Top");
printf("\n 4 - Empty");
printf("\n 5 - Exit");
printf("\n 6 - Dipslay");
printf("\n 7 - Stack Count");
printf("\n 8 - Destroy stack");
create();
while (1)
{
printf("\n Enter choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
 case 1:
printf("Enter data : ");
scanf("%d", &no);
push(no);
break;
case 2:
pop();
break;
case 3:
if (top == NULL)
printf("No elements in stack");
else
{
e = topelement();
printf("\n Top element : %d", e);
}
break;
case 4:
empty();
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
case 6:
display();
break;
case 7:
stack_count();
break;
case 8:
destroy();
break;
default :
printf(" Wrong choice, Please enter correct choice ");
break;
}
}
}
/* Create empty stack */
void create()
{
 top = NULL;
}
/* Count stack elements */
void stack_count()
{
printf("\n No. of elements in stack : %d", count);
}
/* Push data into stack */
void push(int data)
{
if (top == NULL)
{
top =(struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
top->ptr = NULL;
top->info = data;
}
else
{
temp =(struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
temp->ptr = top;
temp->info = data;
top = temp;
}
count++;
}
/* Display stack elements */
void display()
{
top1 = top;
if (top1 == NULL)
{
printf("Stack is empty");
return;
}
while (top1 != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", top1->info);
top1 = top1->ptr;
}
}
/* Pop Operation on stack */
void pop()
{
top1 = top;
if (top1 == NULL)
{
printf("\n Error : Trying to pop from empty stack");
return;
}
else
top1 = top1->ptr;
printf("\n Popped value : %d", top->info);
free(top);
top = top1;
count--;
}
/* Return top element */
int topelement()
{
return(top->info);
}
/* Check if stack is empty or not */
void empty()
{
if (top == NULL)
printf("\n Stack is empty");
else
printf("\n Stack is not empty with %d elements", count);
}
/* Destroy entire stack */
void destroy()
{
top1 = top;
while (top1 != NULL)
{
top1 = top->ptr;
free(top);
top = top1;
top1 = top1->ptr;
}
 free(top1);
top = NULL;
printf("\n All stack elements destroyed");
count = 0;
}
EX. NO: 2. B

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int info;
struct node *ptr;
}*front,*rear,*temp,*front1;
int frontelement();
void enq(int data);
void deq();
void empty();
void display();
void create();
void queuesize();
int count = 0;
void main()
{
int no, ch, e;
printf("\n 1 - Enque");
printf("\n 2 - Deque");
printf("\n 3 - Front element");
printf("\n 4 - Empty");
printf("\n 5 - Exit");
printf("\n 6 - Display");
printf("\n 7 - Queue size");
create();
while (1)
{
printf("\n Enter choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter data : ");
scanf("%d", &no);
 enq(no);
break;
case 2:
deq();
break;
case 3:
e = frontelement();
if (e != 0)
printf("Front element : %d", e);
else
printf("\n No front element in Queue as queue is
empty");
break;
case 4:
empty();
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
case 6:
display();
break;
case 7:
queuesize();
break;
default:
printf("Wrong choice, Please enter correct choice
");
break;
}
}
}
/* Create an empty queue */
void create()
{
front = rear = NULL;
}
/* Returns queue size */
void queuesize()
{
printf("\n Queue size : %d", count);
}
/* Enqueing the queue */
void enq(int data)
{
if (rear == NULL)
{
rear = (struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
rear->ptr = NULL;
rear->info = data;
front = rear;
}
else
{
temp=(struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
rear->ptr = temp;
temp->info = data;
temp->ptr = NULL;
rear = temp;
}
count++;
}
/* Displaying the queue elements */
void display()
{
front1 = front;
if ((front1 == NULL) && (rear == NULL))
{
printf("Queue is empty");
return;
}
while (front1 != rear)
{
printf("%d ", front1->info);
front1 = front1->ptr;
}
if (front1 == rear)
printf("%d", front1->info);
}
/* Dequeing the queue */
void deq()
{
front1 = front;
if (front1 == NULL)
{
printf("\n Error: Trying to display elements from empty queue");
return;
}
else
if (front1->ptr != NULL)
{
front1 = front1->ptr;
printf("\n Dequed value : %d", front->info);
free(front);
front = front1;
}
else
{
printf("\n Dequed value : %d", front->info);
free(front);
front = NULL;
rear = NULL;
}
count--;
}
/* Returns the front element of queue */
int frontelement()
{
if ((front != NULL) && (rear != NULL))
return(front->info);
else
return 0;
}
/* Display if queue is empty or not */
void empty()
{
if ((front == NULL) && (rear == NULL))
printf("\n Queue empty");
else
printf("Queue not empty");
}
EX. NO: 3

CODING
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 20
char stk[20];
int top = -1;
int isEmpty()
{
return top == -1;
}
int isFull()
{
return top == MAX - 1;
}
char peek()
{
return stk[top];
}
char pop()
{
if(isEmpty())
return -1;
char ch = stk[top];
top--;
return(ch);
}
void push(char oper)
{
 if(isFull())
printf("Stack Full!!!!");
else
{
top++;
stk[top] = oper;
}
}
int checkIfOperand(char ch)
{
return (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z');
}
int precedence(char ch)
{
switch (ch)
{
case '+':
case '-':
return 1;
case '*':
case '/':
return 2;
case '^':
return 3;
}
return -1;
}
int covertInfixToPostfix(char* expression)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = -1; expression[i]; ++i)
 {
if (checkIfOperand(expression[i]))
expression[++j] = expression[i];
else if (expression[i] == '(')
push(expression[i]);
else if (expression[i] == ')')
{
while (!isEmpty() && peek() != '(')
expression[++j] = pop();
if (!isEmpty() && peek() != '(')
return -1;
else
pop();
}
else
{
while (!isEmpty() && precedence(expression[i]) <= precedenc
e(peek()))
expression[++j] = pop();
push(expression[i]);
}
}
while (!isEmpty())
expression[++j] = pop();
expression[++j] = '\0';
printf( "%s", expression);
}
int main()
{
char expression[] = "((x+(y*z))-w)";
covertInfixToPostfix(expression);
 return 0; }
EX. NO: 4

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 5
void insert_by_priority(int);
void delete_by_priority(int);
void create();
void check(int);
void display_pqueue();
int pri_que[MAX];
int front, rear;
void main()
{
int n, ch;

printf("\n1 - Insert an element into queue");

printf("\n2 - Delete an element from queue");
printf("\n3 - Display queue elements");
printf("\n4 - Exit");
create();
while (1)
{
printf("\nEnter your choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEnter value to be inserted : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
insert_by_priority(n);
break;
case 2:
printf("\nEnter value to delete : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
delete_by_priority(n);
 break;
case 3:
display_pqueue();
break;
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
printf("\nChoice is incorrect, Enter a correct
choice");
}
}
}
/* Function to create an empty priority queue */
void create()
{
front = rear = -1;
}
/* Function to insert value into priority queue */
void insert_by_priority(int data)
{
if (rear >= MAX - 1)
{
printf("\nQueue overflow no more elements can be inserted");
return;
}
if ((front == -1) && (rear == -1))
{
front++;
rear++;
pri_que[rear] = data;
return;
}
else
check(data);
rear++;
}
/* Function to check priority and place element */
void check(int data)
{
int i,j;
 for (i = 0; i <= rear; i++)
{
if (data >= pri_que[i])
{
for (j = rear + 1; j > i; j--)
{
pri_que[j] = pri_que[j - 1];
}
pri_que[i] = data;
return;
}
}
pri_que[i] = data;
}

/* Function to delete an element from queue */

void delete_by_priority(int data)
{
int i;
if ((front==-1) && (rear==-1))
{
printf("\nQueue is empty no elements to delete");
return;
}
for (i = 0; i <= rear; i++)
{
if (data == pri_que[i])
{
for (; i < rear; i++)
{
pri_que[i] = pri_que[i + 1];
}
pri_que[i] = -99;
rear--;
if (rear == -1)
front = -1;
return;
}
}
printf("\n%d not found in queue to delete", data);
}
/* Function to display queue elements */
void display_pqueue()
{
if ((front == -1) && (rear == -1))
{
printf("\nQueue is empty");
return;
}
for (; front <= rear; front++)
{
printf(" %d ", pri_que[front]);
}
front = 0;
}
EX. NO: 5

CODING

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int info;
struct node*left;
struct node*right;
};
typedef struct node BST;
BST *LOC, *PAR;
void search(BST *root, int item)
{
BST *save,*ptr;
if (root == NULL)
{
LOC = NULL;
PAR=NULL;
}
if (item == root -> info)
{
LOC = root;
PAR = NULL;
return;
}
if (item < root->info)
{
save = root;
ptr = root->left;
}
else
{
save = root;
ptr = root -> right;
}
while( ptr != NULL)
 {
if (ptr -> info == item)
{
LOC = ptr;
PAR = save;
return;
}
if(item < ptr->info)
{
save = ptr;
ptr = ptr->left;
}
else
{
save = ptr;
ptr = ptr->right;
}
}
LOC = NULL;
PAR = save;
return;
}
struct node* findmin(struct node*r)
{
if (r == NULL)
return NULL;
else if (r->left!=NULL)
return findmin(r->left);
else if (r->left == NULL)
return r;
}
struct node*insert(struct node*r, int x)
{
if (r == NULL)
{
r = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
r->info = x;
r->left = r->right = NULL;
return r;
}
 else if (x < r->info)
r->left = insert(r->left, x);
else if (x > r->info)
r->right = insert(r->right, x);
return r;
}
struct node* del(struct node*r, int x)
{
struct node *t;
if(r == NULL)
printf("\nElement not found");
else if (x < r->info)
r->left = del(r->left, x);
else if (x > r->info)
r->right = del(r->right, x);
else if ((r->left != NULL) && (r->right != NULL))
{
t = findmin(r->right);
r->info = t->info;
r->right = del(r->right, r->info);
}
else
{
t = r;
if (r->left == NULL)
r = r->right;
else if (r->right == NULL)
r = r->left;
free(t);
}
return r;
}
int main()
{
struct node* root = NULL;
int x, c = 1, z;
int element;
char ch;
printf("\nEnter an element: ");
scanf("%d", &x);
 root = insert(root, x);
printf("\nDo you want to enter another element :y or n");
scanf(" %c",&ch);
while (ch == 'y')
{
printf("\nEnter an element:");
scanf("%d", &x);
root = insert(root,x);
printf("\nPress y or n to insert another element: y or n: ");
scanf(" %c", &ch);
}
while(1)
{
printf("\n1 Insert an element ");
printf("\n2 Delete an element");
printf("\n3 Search for an element ");
printf("\n4 Exit ");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
switch(c)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEnter the item:");
scanf("%d", &z);
root = insert(root,z);
break;
case 2:
printf("\nEnter the info to be deleted:");
scanf("%d", &z);
root = del(root, z);
break;
case 3:
printf("\nEnter element to be searched: ");
scanf("%d", &element);
search(root, element);
if(LOC != NULL)
printf("\n%d Found in Binary Search Tree
!!\n",element);
else
printf("\nIt is not present in Binary Search Tree\n");
 break;
case 4:
printf("\nExiting...");
return;
default:
printf("Enter a valid choice: ");
}
}
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 6

CODING

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* left;
struct node* right;
int ht;
};
struct node* root = NULL;
struct node* create(int);
struct node* insert(struct node*, int);
struct node* delete(struct node*, int);
struct node* rotate_left(struct node*);
struct node* rotate_right(struct node*);
int balance_factor(struct node*);
int height(struct node*);
int main()
{
int user_choice, data;
char user_continue = 'y';
struct node* result = NULL;
while (user_continue == 'y' || user_continue == 'Y')
{
printf("\n\n------- AVL TREE --------\n");
printf("\n1. Insert");
printf("\n2. Delete");
printf("\n3. EXIT");
printf("\n\nEnter Your Choice: ");
scanf("%d", &user_choice);
switch(user_choice)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEnter data: ");
scanf("%d", &data);
 root = insert(root, data);
break;
case 2:
printf("\nEnter data: ");
scanf("%d", &data);
root = delete(root, data);
break;
case 3:
printf("\n\tProgram Terminated\n");
return 1;
default:
printf("\n\tInvalid Choice\n");
}
printf("\n\nDo you want to continue? ");
scanf(" %c", &user_continue);
}
return 0;
}
struct node* create(int data)
{
struct node* new_node = (struct node*) malloc (sizeof(struct node));
if (new_node == NULL)
{
printf("\nMemory can't be allocated\n");
return NULL;
}
new_node->data = data;
new_node->left = NULL;
new_node->right = NULL;
return new_node;
}
struct node* rotate_left(struct node* root)
{
struct node* right_child = root->right;
root->right = right_child->left;
right_child->left = root;
root->ht = height(root);
right_child->ht = height(right_child);
return right_child;
}
struct node* rotate_right(struct node* root)
{
struct node* left_child = root->left;
root->left = left_child->right;
left_child->right = root;
root->ht = height(root);
left_child->ht = height(left_child);
return left_child;
}
int balance_factor(struct node* root)
{
int lh, rh;
if (root == NULL)
return 0;
if (root->left == NULL)
lh = 0;
else
lh = 1 + root->left->ht;
if (root->right == NULL)
rh = 0;
else
rh = 1 + root->right->ht;
return lh - rh;
}
int height(struct node* root)
{
int lh, rh;
if (root == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
if (root->left == NULL)
lh = 0;
else
lh = 1 + root->left->ht;
if (root->right == NULL)
rh = 0;
else
rh = 1 + root->right->ht;
if (lh > rh)
 return (lh);
return (rh);
}
struct node* insert(struct node* root, int data)
{
if (root == NULL)
{
struct node* new_node = create(data);
if (new_node == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
root = new_node;
}
else if (data > root->data)
{
root->right = insert(root->right, data);
if (balance_factor(root) == -2)
{
if (data > root->right->data)
{
root = rotate_left(root);
}
else
{
root->right = rotate_right(root->right);
root = rotate_left(root);
}
}
}
else
{
root->left = insert(root->left, data);
if (balance_factor(root) == 2)
{
if (data < root->left->data)
{
root = rotate_right(root);
}
else
 {
root->left = rotate_left(root->left);
root = rotate_right(root);
}
}
}
root->ht = height(root);
return root;
}
struct node * delete(struct node *root, int x)
{
struct node * temp = NULL;
if (root == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
if (x > root->data)
{
root->right = delete(root->right, x);
if (balance_factor(root) == 2)
{
if (balance_factor(root->left) >= 0)
{
root = rotate_right(root);
}
else
{
root->left = rotate_left(root->left);
root = rotate_right(root);
}
}
}
else if (x < root->data)
{
root->left = delete(root->left, x);
if (balance_factor(root) == -2)
{
if (balance_factor(root->right) <= 0)
{
root = rotate_left(root);
 }
else
{
root->right = rotate_right(root->right);
root = rotate_left(root);
}
}
}
else
{
if (root->right != NULL)
{
temp = root->right;
while (temp->left != NULL)
temp = temp->left;
root->data = temp->data;
root->right = delete(root->right, temp->data);
if (balance_factor(root) == 2)
{
if (balance_factor(root->left) >= 0)
{
root = rotate_right(root);
}
else
{
root->left = rotate_left(root->left);
root = rotate_right(root);
}
}
}
else
{
return (root->left);
}
}
root->ht = height(root);
return (root);
}
EX. NO: 7

CODING

#include<stdio.h>
int q[20],top=-1,front=-1,rear=-1,a[20][20],vis[20],stack[20];
int delete();
void add(int item);
void bfs(int s,int n);
void dfs(int s,int n);
void push(int item);
int pop();
void main()
{
int n,i,s,ch,j;
char c,dummy;
printf("ENTER THE NUMBER VERTICES ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("ENTER 1 IF %d HAS A NODE WITH %d ELSE 0
",i,j);
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("THE ADJACENCY MATRIX IS\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf(" %d",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
 }
do
{
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
vis[i]=0;
printf("\nMENU");
printf("\n1.B.F.S");
printf("\n2.D.F.S");
printf("\nENTER YOUR CHOICE");
scanf("%d",&ch);
printf("ENTER THE SOURCE VERTEX :");
scanf("%d",&s);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:

bfs(s,n);
break;
case 2:
dfs(s,n);
break;
}
printf("DO U WANT TO CONTINUE(Y/N) ? ");
scanf("%c",&dummy);
scanf("%c",&c);
}while((c=='y')||(c=='Y'));
}
void bfs(int s,int n)
{
int p,i;
add(s);
vis[s]=1;
p=delete();
if(p!=0)
printf(" %d",p);
 while(p!=0)
{
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if((a[p][i]!=0)&&(vis[i]==0))
{
add(i);
vis[i]=1;
}
p=delete();
if(p!=0)
printf(" %d ",p);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(vis[i]==0)
bfs(i,n);
}
void add(int item)
{
if(rear==19)
printf("QUEUE FULL");
else
{
if(rear==-1)
{
q[++rear]=item;
front++;
}
else
q[++rear]=item;
}
}
int delete()
{
int k;
if((front>rear)||(front==-1))
 return(0);
else
{
k=q[front++];
return(k);
}
}
void dfs(int s,int n)
{
int i,k;
push(s);
vis[s]=1;
k=pop();
if(k!=0)
printf(" %d ",k);
while(k!=0)
{
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if((a[k][i]!=0)&&(vis[i]==0))
{
push(i);
vis[i]=1;
}
k=pop();
if(k!=0)
printf(" %d ",k);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(vis[i]==0)
dfs(i,n);
}
void push(int item)
{
if(top==19)
printf("Stack overflow ");
 else
stack[++top]=item;
}
int pop()
{
int k;
if(top==-1)
return(0);
else
{
k=stack[top--];
return(k);
}
}
EX. NO: 8. A

CODING
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100], search, c, n;
printf("Enter number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integer(s)\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
printf("Enter a number to search\n");
scanf("%d", &search);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
{
if (array[c] == search)
{
printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, c+1);
break;
}
}
if (c == n)
printf("%d isn't present in the array.\n", search);
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 8. B

CODING
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int c, first, last, middle, n, search, array[100];
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
printf("Enter value to find\n");
scanf("%d", &search);
first = 0;
last = n - 1;
middle = (first+last)/2;
while (first <= last)
{
if(array[middle] < search)
first = middle + 1;
elseif(array[middle] == search)
{
printf("%d found at location %d.\n", search, middle+1);
break;
}
else
last = middle - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
}
if (first > last)
printf("Not found! %d isn't present in the list.\n", search);
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 9. A

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100], n, c, d, swap;
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
for (c = 0 ; c < n - 1; c++)
{
for (d = 0 ; d < n - c - 1; d++)
{
if (array[d] > array[d+1])
{
swap= array[d];
array[d] = array[d+1];
array[d+1] = swap;
}
}
}
printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
printf("%d\n", array[c]);
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 9. B

CODING
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100], n, c, d, position, t;
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
for (c = 0; c < (n - 1); c++)
{
position = c;
for (d = c + 1; d < n; d++)
{
if (array[position] > array[d])
position = d;
}
if (position != c)
{
t = array[c];
array[c] = array[position];
array[position] = t;
}
}
printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
printf("%d\n", array[c]);
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 9. C

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, array[1000], c, d, t, flag = 0;
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
for (c = 1 ; c <= n - 1; c++)
{
t = array[c];
for (d = c - 1 ; d >= 0; d--)
{
if (array[d] > t)
{
array[d+1] = array[d];
flag = 1;
}
else
break;
}
if (flag)
array[d+1] = t;
}
printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
for (c = 0; c <= n - 1; c++)
{
printf("%d\n", array[c]);
}
return 0;
}
EX. NO: 9. D

CODING

#include <stdio.h>
int find_max(int arr[], int n)
{
int max_element = arr[0];
for(int i = 1; i<n; i++)
{
if(arr[i] > max_element)
max_element = arr[i];
}
return max_element;
}
void countingSort(int arr[], int n, int pos)
{
int result[n + 1];
int count[10] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
count[(arr[i] / pos) % 10]++;
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
count[i] += count[i - 1];
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
result[count[(arr[i] / pos) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];
count[(arr[i] / pos) % 10]--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] = result[i];
}
void radixsort(int arr[], int n)
{
int max_element = find_max(arr, n);
for (int pos = 1; max_element / pos > 0; pos *= 10)
countingSort(arr, n, pos);
}
int main()
{
 int arr[] = {312, 42, 635, 11, 8, 783, 954, 777};
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
printf("An array before applying the radix sort: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
radixsort(arr, n);
printf("An array after applying the radix sort: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}