Noun

1. What is a noun?
- A noun is a word to name a person (Hamid, Reza) a place (Bamyan, Bright Star), an animal (giraffe,
lion), and an idea (nouns which do not have a physical appearance like loneliness, love)
2. Find the noun from this sentence. He is a firefighter.
- Firefighter is the noun. It is a compound noun (fire + fighter).
Find nouns:
- The dog barked loudly at the mailman.
- Children love to play in the park during the summer.
- My friend bought three new books yesterday.
- The teacher assigned a difficult project to the students.
- Mountains are beautiful, especially when covered in snow.
3. A noun can be a subject. Write a sentence with a subject that is a noun.

Subject:

1. Subject is the person or thing we are talking about.

- The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
2. The subject is the doer of an action.
- Jamal kicked the ball.
4. A noun can be an object. Write some sentences that have an object.
- Finding objects is easy.
- 1. Find verb
- 2. Ask “Who or what”.
- If you receive the answer that part, is an object. For example: let’s buy some books. “Buy” is
a “verb” and books are an “object”
5. A noun can be a complement. Write a sentence that has a complement.
- Complement gives more information about the subject of the sentence.
1. Apples are delicious. 2. Yasin is a clever boy. (“Delicious” and “clever boy” are
complements because they give information about the subjects “apples and Yasin”)
6. A noun can be used in possession cases. Write an example that is in the possessive case.
- A noun in the possessive case indicates ownership or a relationship.
- Here’s an example: The cat's toy.
7. How can you find an object from a sentence?
- Finding objects is very easy.
- First, find the “verb” and after that ask the question “who” or “what”
- Object receives the action of the verb directly (e.g., "The cat chased the mouse." Here,
"mouse" is the object).
8. How can you find a subject from a sentence?
- Subject is the person or thing that does an action.
o You are a genius.
- Subject is the doer of an action.
o You are dusting.
9. How can you find a complement from a sentence?
1.First, find the verb. 2. After the verb ask “who” or “what”. If you do not receive any response, that part is
a complement.
Sentence: The sky is blue.
Subject: The sky
Linking Verb: is
Complement: blue
10. Name Kinds of nouns.
1. Common Nouns
These refer to general items, people, or places and are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.
Examples: dog, city, car, teacher.
2. Proper Nouns
These refer to specific names of people, places, or organizations and are always capitalized.
Examples: Sarah, Paris, Microsoft, Amazon River.
3. Collective Nouns
These refer to a group of individuals or things considered as a single unit.
Examples: team, flock, jury, family.
4. Abstract Nouns
These represent ideas, qualities, or conditions that cannot be perceived with the five senses.
Examples: love, freedom, happiness, intelligence.
5. Concrete Nouns
These refer to physical objects that can be perceived through the senses (sight, touch, taste, hearing,
smell).
Examples: apple, chair, dog, water.
 6. Countable Nouns
These can be counted and have both singular and plural forms.
Examples: book (books), child (children), car (cars).
7. Uncountable Nouns
These cannot be counted individually and usually do not have a plural form. They often refer to
substances or abstract concepts.
Examples: water, sand, information, advice.
8. Compound Nouns
These consist of two or more words combined to form a single noun. They can be written as one
word (closed), hyphenated (hyphenated), or as separate words (open).
Examples: toothpaste (closed), mother-in-law (hyphenated), swimming pool (open).
11. A noun can be a common noun. What is a common noun? Write example.
A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.
a) People: teacher, doctor, student, musician
b) Places: city, park, country, school
c) Things: car, book, computer, chair
d) Ideas/Concepts: happiness, freedom, love, knowledge
12. A noun can be a proper noun. Write some proper nouns.
A proper noun is a specific name used to identify a particular person, place. Proper nouns are always
capitalized.
Examples of Proper Nouns

People: Organizations: May

Albert Einstein United Nations Days of the week
Cleopatra Harvard University Saturday
Places: Month Sunday
New York City January
Mount Everest February

13. Is a proper noun written in capital letters or small letters?

- Always capital.
14. January, Tuesday, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Mahdi, are they proper noun or common noun?
They are all proper noun because:
 o Months are proper noun
o Countries are proper noun
o Name of the person is a proper noun

15. My birthday is in november. What is wrong in this sentence?

“November” is wrong because it is a month and months are always proper nouns and month should be
capitalized.
16. What is a collective noun?
A collective noun is a word that refers to a group of individuals or things considered as a single unit.
Examples of Collective Nouns
Groups of People:
Team: a group of players (e.g., "The team is winning.")
Class: a group of students (e.g., "The class has finished their project.")
Committee: a group formed for a specific purpose (e.g., "The committee meets every Tuesday.")
Groups of Animals:
Flock: a group of birds (e.g., "A flock of geese flew overhead.")
Herd: a group of cattle or other animals (e.g., "The herd grazes in the field.")
Pack: a group of wolves (e.g., "The pack howled at the moon.")
Groups of Things:
Bunch: a group of grapes or similar items (e.g., "I bought a bunch of bananas.")
Collection: a group of items gathered together (e.g., "She has an impressive collection of stamps.")
Set: a group of items that belong together (e.g., "He owns a set of golf clubs.")
17. Find the collective noun from these sentences.
 A herd of cattle grazing in the field. (herd)
 A pack of wolves hunting together. (pack)
 A swarm of bees buzzing around the hive. (swarm)
18. What is an abstract noun?
An abstract noun is a type of noun that refers to intangible (we cannot touch it) concepts, ideas, qualities, or
emotions that cannot be perceived through the five senses.
19. Give some examples of abstract nouns and say why they are abstract nouns.

Happiness Love Beauty

Freedom Wisdom Friendship
Courage Justice Knowledge
 Fear

20. What is a compound noun?

A compound noun is a noun that is formed by combining two or more words to create a new noun that has a
specific meaning.

Closed Compound Hyphenated Compound Nouns Open Compound Nouns

Nouns Mother-in-law Swimming pool
Toothpaste Well-being Post office
Basketball Check-up High school
Notebook Editor-in-chief Coffee table
Sunflower Two-thirds Ice cream
Cupcake

21. Find the compound noun of the following sentence.

1) A human figure created with snow s __ __ __ m __ __
2) A cat living in forests or mountains w __ __ __ c __ __
3) Someone who is in the same class at school c __ __ __ __ m __ __ __
4) A cosmetic product that makes your lips look colourful l __ __ s __ __ __ __
5) A strip of ground for the landing and take-off of planes r __ __ w __ __
6) An arch of colours seen in the sky when the sun shines through rain r __ __ __ b __ __
7) A person with reddish hair r __ __ h __ __ __
8) A public place where children can play p __ __ __ g __ __ __ __
__
9) A son of your son or daughter g __ __ __ __ s __ __
10) The time when the sun first appears in the sky s __ __ r __ __ __

Answers:

1. snowman 5. runway 9. grandson

2. wildcat 6. rainbow 10. sunrise
3. classmate 7. redhead
4. lipstick 8. playground
22. What is the difference between countable and uncountable nouns?
- Countable nouns are nouns that we can count them (a computer, two computers). Uncountable nouns are
nouns which we cannot count them (oil, rice…).
23. What kinds of nouns are uncountable?
Uncountable nouns are nouns that we cannot count them.
24. What is the gender of a noun?

In English, nouns can be masculine, feminine, neuter, or common. In general, masculine nouns
refer to males, feminine nouns refer to females, and neuter nouns refer to things that are not males or
females. Fresh apples are delicious. Is apple masculine, feminine, neuter, or a common gender noun?

25. What is a common gender noun?

They are nouns that can be female and male, for example: teacher or doctor.

Exercise 1: Identifying Nouns

Instructions: Read each sentence and underline the nouns. Then, classify each noun as common,
proper, collective, abstract, concrete, countable, or uncountable.
1. The team won the championship in New York.
2. Happiness is essential for a fulfilling life.
3. The flock of birds flew over the lake.
4. Sarah loves to paint landscapes.
5. The information was helpful for the students.
Exercise 2: Finding Subjects and Complements
Instructions: Identify the subject and the complement in each of the following sentences.
1. The car is red.
 Subject: __________
 Complement: __________
2. Jamal is an excellent student.
 Subject: __________
 Complement: __________
3. The flowers smell wonderful.
 Subject: __________
 Complement: __________
4. My brother became a doctor.
 Subject: __________
 Complement: __________
5. The cake tastes delicious.
 Subject: __________
 Complement: __________
Exercise 3: Writing Sentences with Objects
Instructions: Write sentences that include a object. Underline the verb and circle the object in
each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
Exercise 4: Classifying Nouns
Instructions: Classify the following nouns into their respective categories (common, proper,
collective, abstract, concrete, countable, uncountable).
 Love
 Apple
 Committee
 Paris
 Water
 Teacher
 Family
 Freedom
Exercise 5: Compound Nouns
Instructions: Create sentences using the following compound nouns. Underline each compound
noun in your sentences.
1. Toothpaste
2. Mother-in-law
3. Swimming pool
4. Classroom
5. Ice cream
Exercise 6: Possessive Case
Instructions: Write sentences that demonstrate possession using a noun in possessive form.
1.
2.
3.
 Adjective:
1. Adjective is a word to modify (add more information) to a noun. How does it add information?
2. Adjective comes before noun and after verb (to be verb and linking verb). Provide some example.
3. Predicate adjectives come after verb. Provide some example.
4. What is attributive adjective?
5. Common adjectives are form from more than two words. Provide some example.
6. What is the name of this sign in English (-) and where do we use it?
7. How many possessive adjectives do we have?
8. After possessive adjective we use noun. Provide two examples.
9. Demonstrative adjectives (that, this, these, those) + noun are used to point to people, place, things….
Provide for each one example.
10. After “this and that” we use a singular noun but after these and those we use _________ nouns.
11. Proper adjectives are formed form “proper noun” and function like adjective. Provide some example.
12. “What, which, and whose” are interrogative adjectives to ask question. Write for each one example.
13. Distributive adjectives like “each, every, either, and neither”+ “noun” are used to refer to a group of people,
things, place… but individually. Write their structure and one example for each.
14. What is the difference between comparative and superlative adjective?
15. Complete the chart.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Happy Happier Happiest
Simple Simpler Simplest
Busy Busier Busiest
Tilted More tilted Most tilted
Tangled More tangled Most tangled
Important More important Most important
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Much More Most
Far Further/ farther Furthest/ farthest