lectrical Hlachines

Notcs by:
Prof. A.ai l Vanmali
Inhoduchon
foov conshuchon poit ovie o d.c.geneaor j
denhcal wh a d.c motor Hooever, there is a difFerence io h e s

operahms
When rnechaoical ene cqyis given as an ioput to the machine, and

+delivers elechical energ y as its oupu, h e machne becomes

generalov.

hen elecmca energ s is iven as ao i o p u t o the machne, a d

i t deli vers mechonical energy as oupu, he machinee

become a motor

Principle of wodeng
Generalor:-
A genetaor wks om the pinciple of dynamieally indu oed

em According to hs principle, hene ver a conducor k maved ina

magne hc retd in o direcHon at ght ongle to he Feld, it cuts u

oe ond a emP is induced io it

2)Mobor
A dc motor o s the pHncple tha a currenk. corrying

conducloy placed io magnelt ield eperiences a

cor
mechanical fere
hose direc Hon ie given by Flernings Lothand vwe ond hose

magnituole is F BIR here Bhe Plue densiy,Iis he

etusrent caried oy he comducter and he enqth of He

conduclo

Conshucion of Dc Machines
A de machshe C ejher generakor a

motos essentlaly Conssds osme stahomary and some rotaH

partk. The basic ConshrucHan o a de q mackhe shoun
o h e néxt paqe
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

Yoke

Armalure
Yoke Flu
Armaeure
Conducor
O.
Pole
Armaue Pole shwe
Teeth
Field windbng

Sha-ionary Ports-
*E**
Yoke or hqme he outer kome ofthe de macluhe i calledhe

oke anc is nvmaly make up op iron a fabicated

sleel 'or annealed sheel Lam naHons. THgives prokechcm o mside

raHng parts. also provi'de selurn path for the magneh l u
produced by poles
2 Poles-The poles suppot the eld omabng wwch is
mounted nside
circumfesence ot yoke. TLes e produce maoneHt Rur These
are elecomagne boils oves hem are in
serfes andprocluuce
alternate N and s pola
Pole sho e:- ws tended port opole nea«
otaHng armaure.
Due to ik enlaqed area
more Fur con pass hrpugh
as 9ap upto armatre It also
A Fied Windinq The Held
Suppovs eld coi ls oves poler.
omdnas are mounted oo the pole anc
PrDduce alternale N and S polo OC
peecledto eecike hese windno s and suPpdy
o poduce Pux m
poles.
Also snce hexe ondongs are
staionary, it is also called as
Sat indmg. The keld
omdungs
N
are
generally mace
dopper wire.
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

KoaHng_Parbs
=
Armatre An amalre ls a bndical drum mounted on he
shoft Tt i prvided oith large numbes of slos oves the

io h a hese slots qre paralel to the sha-

perphe such a wcuu
carie the lun Krom he poles.
2 Avmate dindung - This oindb nesdre placed ao he slot of
qrmalere These are macde Kom copper These c u

he Flux tohe ormaure is nhaled Emf induced in them Smee iE

rotalea alorg wih armakneit is called as robo winding.

3 Commutator amed Brushes Commulaltr àa eylndical drum
Pole Brushes mounted o he shoft alonqpitb
Seqmentss
Armaure he armahure drum. he surace
Drum

shaPt oHhe omm ulater ik seqm enlec

Pole Co mmukar
Drum anc amatre oncung ii ap ped ab
vartous poins om ibA se of
brushes rese a h e suface of the ommulatr drtm The cemmuar

gegments colleckhe currentrough armakure omdng onc pass through

brushes Baushes are mode up of corbon.

Types of Armakure indings

Dependung on he mannes o colveh +the

ends othe armakure oimobngs are conneched to e commutahor segmenks

there are too passible mehods fconne cHbns Lap wmc ng

oinoung.
Lep Encing
LNJ
L i e ConnecHnq armarudwe _condu Ctort,
conducBo
under N pole aloays conneceo fo conducor
N
under S pole o add to0 emk In Lap connecHon
this conductr connecled fo ne comductor
under same N pole Agoun t kcomneCled o
Comelucter under some S
pole
 Notes by:-
Prof. Ashish Vanmali
The all
hus all he csm ducless cnder one pole paic are oon che

he conduckos Unde nee pole par ave conneckeo, 1uus a l

Coeluckrs are Covered tolh each pole -paur covered

s e+hode makes Porallelgroups oF conducros The

numbec opoeallel pahs numbed o poles

te
A =PI
Tu connecko s ae o kugh curent bu Joo voltages
N
Fmachsne has soo armalre omobn conchice, Hen
30 ISO
Pn2.pole machshe 9 A'= P2 Gnducherspole
for 4-pole maclsoe - A P 4 4 copduces pole. o #s
300

6pole. mache AP = 6 4ConduckrsPole 6

7777
A P22 AP 4 A P =6

lave Wincling
N S In ws connecHoo enod of a col

connecled to nerc conducher under neac

simila pole. Heoce inth cage he
Concuch 0 hen conneched. tone m setes

to Form a single clos ed ciscwt Tis

closed ciscuwt Je tapped ak vartoul pont
Tuscoynechon male gny to0 goupe of he Comcuclers m pomile
otth each ohes
A 2
rrespechve of*num ber o poles
Tus onona used f oud cuent - Wah

voage papåcik mcuhes.

 Notes by:
Prol. Ashish Vanmali

Symbolic Kepresenhalèem o Mochines

wle represenhng h e

genera (r moBor)Hhe too wmdengs oHhe genesakur vig.

the reld Csiakes) Loindung and ormaure rokor)comou4 ae

shouo ky too diFFecent gmbos.

The eldsmdng j shon Ukea ao
Aield , Armalere and is demj 0als are maked as Fi£F.
windn indng The armaure wrdbng is shon ke a
A1 drum as it is placed onhe armaure

drum. s Hes minals are marked as

ghoo a he. asmakure
A and A2 1uo0 small prpectio Gre

adinas awoh indlcales brushes

-
Types oDC Machine s
There are oFresen types o DC

macwnes dependig upom houo de Conneck he Pielod and the

ar mahure totndbngs o each other ond togethes to +he suppy

N DCMachwnes

Genesay/Motoo

Seperately eecited SelP excited

F A

Setes 9hunt Compound

F_ren+

lonq Shunt
Short shunt
Compoucd macwhe ae Further
olasst i'ed as Cumu cuve
Compoy no) and DitFec enhal
Compound
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

E Equaton of a DC GeneraBor 8- modors)t

A dcgeneralor lakes mechanica

enerqy as opu and dilivers elechca enegy as oulpu: hen a
mechani cal cdevice such as a diesel engine dleg the omakre

drum, armaure oldng cur the magneH Puz pocuceo

the pole An equaHom fr em nduccd c0n be oblaned a

unoder

Let P oumber ofpoles o the generaer

lu« produced each pole n Wb.
N
spe ed in spm a ohch he generar is d veD
Z =
number ocomouckas af amaure windvng
A number paralel paths a amaure oindung
noe -
AP Polap wndn
t 2 for Wave eombung
Then actording t faradays aud o inoluchon, magniucde oem
nduced in a conductor s
E do
olt

For me cmplele sevoluton ohe comducter, he fun

cut a.. dthe
Cemduckor is
CPooebbers
ano Hme requlred o leke comp cne
sevorn is6o/N) aeconds, Thesefrre eq can be oriten a
P
E- PON M 2
6o/N 60

As Z cluctars are divided io A

con
po rallel TOup,
groups, there gre A
conduc Hos o eachgrup. 1hesefos e emf nduceod m
he tota ormalure eomoung s

E
M+(3)

EquaHon caled he
em equaha o
dogerecahrr
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

equency o h e EMF induced in the Armakuse

The regueney

isdeMned anumbec oydes comple t to one seLnd o

Tecigcal opme seqwredto complete one ycle. IF N

the speec I T p m at dkch maolwn drven , hen

Hme sequird for one sevoutam 6 0 secadt

Number o ydea emp indusecd to rauplukfm-

ove
(
Mner goe ple 60
geLod

Frequeney a em iduced io He asmare

CP 20

ererators
Seperalely excited Generahr
In this case, reld oindingges
i eurent m some othe seuree
+ F Thece no connecHen boloeen
DcSup E Load y
F
Field iodng and asmare

Oncnq. The asmakue i diieo

P.M
y engine called au
sme

PHme Mvec Pme Mover. The ek gek excided

om 9eperahe source aNarmakuse
looncduclors eut tese FHux ioesto develope ouhpu Ts
elechncal enerqy suppled to Jood.
Current Relatfons
Due to sepesae erecilaHom
TP Corstant
ane Jo I L sioce load is direchy connecked to ormake
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

Volkage KelaHoms :

e a iven genesahor, PA and Z ave oasianh. For Hs Aenear

a l u o constemd as F s Consam
Hence, E NT specd oHe prime mover cens lenk
inducedemf uiL auo be cosBornk

Tesmina voltage
= E -Ia a -
Brueh droDp
hore Ia Ka ishe olp acss esistenee of armaure

Loindng.

2 Shunt Generakor
shun generaBr is a sef oxciled
Ta
A

genera shere Pield windbng ie Fed

A2
E layHhe drmakve itse. The tootoiodlngs
oeing Conneced io parallel as shown

in P
Current KelaHons
Tue ormaure onding is sppdyi Hhe load
a oel asit supplying its oon Freld oindun.
Ta T.
VolHage RelaHons
EmP inducod inthe at maure oinoung

The volage inthe Reld oncungLV) , load velteqe V.) and

he voltage avaslable a he armaure dermi na A and A2
s
(VT)
30me

re
V Vp - VT

V E-1aRa -
Brush dep.
alko
 Notes by:-
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

Series Generator
is
J sertesene calor the Prield widing
conneced io series oih amakure windinq and

ths 3eHes Combinahion 9uppies Load. The Hg.

A)
shows guch a genesahor .
Here eld olndng- a
ermioals are marked as 3 S> and not as
Aa

F Fa. just to indlicate that is a seHe

whdin.
Current Kelatons

Tue armaure windin9, the series held oinding and the Joad

beinq i series

I 1a = Ts

Ve lHoge Ke lakicns
60

In case series generaor resis kance o armakire wi ncung Ka as uoel

as h a othe Held wndunq K, both ereake voltage dreps.

V = E TakaTa Ks - Srush drop

Mlotor
Signicance op Back EMF
In prev ious dus cusslon we hane

oblaned
obtaned emf jnduted fev a generator. wile. derivinq+hs equahHon
80as noled hat,he poles generate.maanewc Ptux, +ws Rure
is Cut by asmakure oindng ond accsvding to Foraday Jauo o
N.
inducHon erm is induood e amakuie pindmg, dhen de mote
uns,the entire acHfom nohed alove takes place a d eracHy io h e

similor way, em is induced in the avmaHire Value o #is em

E 60
 Notes by: 12
Prof. Ashish. Vanmall

powes is equal o Eb Ja) au pec po equaHn

We can C ke

TR 2 N Eb.Ta

T 27TN PON Ia
60 60

T P z La o9PoZ Ia) (Nm)

217 A

he Herms P, z and A are ons kaa a a motor and hence

he toque cgn be
varied varyg Pu armaure

ument

EPect of Lood om Molors

A no load mokor draas vecq small
ment and pooes dram alo ess,since has t oveacomee
g e ossestaleing place m oiFferent oincing and hence
Hhe speed of he motov maumum
As Load is increaced, more pooer requurecd to drve He
oac. Hence mote curent is dram fvm Hhe supplu This
inc easeatorque,As orque developed olepeds on hene He
Qs makure uren. Comespondingly speeo goes on
decseasinq
At very Large de loads, mota may gBop DtaHq and
Lknouw a Volallla4 cndiHons.

*Speed onhol o De Mokovs

Hq shouos
a dc molr a load1he voltaqge
N (Mec
equahon o e mor as Loaa
L

V-TaRa Eb
here E PPN.
60

Mm
Eb o NN
 Notes by:
Prof, Ashish Vaimali

n pacHCe Supply voltaqe V app rvwimatey equal fo back

em because Ia Ra dhop ve smal.

e V Eb
SubsHktnq in eg"

ie N oVN

tquaionind'cates that he speed o de mota Can be

Conhlled io too 0ays

Comhollinq motur suppdy voltaqe V

by combollng magneHe a

*Necessi Starter
For a simple do moteo the amalure

CurenF is given a

Ta -E
Ra

Ohere V he aupped voltage ond ka Qtmaure oinduMg,

resistence

o pracHce, at *e instant of skarbn e chen Suppy

siiched on, he speed N ofthe motr i 2em d hence
Back emf s also 2es Hence. amaure cumen
V 230, Eb 22sV ka-1
Sa V-0 Ta stat 30 230A
Ra I anovmal : 230-22SA

ol ch is
vey
Dunng norma operakton , mo tor oiu mtale at is ateol
peed ane Back emf Eb is apprnumately equal to V.

Hence in his case ormakure cumen is ve Small.

Hence, fo de motov sarng umen ve whh and

i s high curent may damage armakure oindunq instantly
Tus gh urent ca allo danage gupp.ly. To pmleet he
motoro such cdengeous cumen
protechive oevice
 Notes by
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

called a Starter is empleyed

8larter aepeterna resisrance ohwehis eonne cfed
moto
nsertes o+h he armakure dunng stetnq and ai

take c speec E inereare radually he eehernal re1stanee

i decreased ond made zero ohan the moko atans raked speec

Applcatons ot D.c. 2Motocsi

Shunt Moto appluaahiems !
Variouwu maousoe +oolsghch au Latie maclsneg drin
maes nes miiog macanes ee.
Panting maoliner
Paper macinesS
Ceniraal and reciprocappumps
Bloners and fans oke.
Seriea Mete appl'cations

ecnc trans
.Daesel -elecmc locomoHve
erane

Hoists
Trolley cars and olley ousee

Rapio- Aransit s
Conueyrs eke.
 Notcs by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmall

Single Phace InducHon Motor

he mains Stup ply avai lable at homes , shopes, ofiries,
Sehools ehe s a sngle Phace ac Suppu Hence inshea
o dc motors , he moto oieh ocde on sinale phase
ac sup py more sw table . hese ac motoos ae

called siggle phase nducHom mo Bovs.

ConshucHon
Simi lar b dc motoe,mote (single plhase
ac
inducion motor) has basicaly hoo main parts, ne
Totahng
rotahg ond 0thes sBakHomar
al led
1he staionary
led stator ile he rotatag past is
port hee is
cal called Totor
The shalor has a
laminated tonsucHon,
Selor
made p ostampings 7e
0indbnq
stampings are slothed cn
Squxrrel Hhe penphey o cary
1 AC
Cage Stalr oinding. Tus
Sur
excitecl hy a
siogle phae
ac supp The lanmnated
shat
ConsucFron keeps ion
osses minimum The

Shampimg miniuse
pteresis osc. The num be ofpolea deside he speec o
Hemotrr ws speed called chronous Speed (Ns)
d o c is ven
Ns 120 ohere F= Reg. of ac
supply
P P: No.o pole
The 0to Consuu Hen fa e squirrel

tpe wtev consish

Cageype. 4o i
ounisulalol coppe o alumimum
bars, placed lothe sloBs.The bars
Qre pesmanenky shosted at b ot
ends oth K.e help oa cConduchHag ing The enhce shucke
noke ke cage hene callec squùrrel cage mtor.
 Notcs br:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

Woring
V.V.mP Double Revolving Field hes
* sinale phase Induchiom motr o not self storting

Accovcing o ds theory, any allenahng quanHcan be

N
resolved inke koo rokactng compements
ohiehoae in oppose
dicectoms, and each having magnitude as halFor he
maximum
megnitude of *e altenaHng quanH
Nobedmsio dt = n e

Here. eOE
Comnent dteate in cloce wise
diecHon and e tate n anti-
clockLoise direclioneach hovng megniude
ID he case single phase nduchon moBovs, he
staBor wndi n poducei an
alternahhg magneHc Feld ha ulgg
maximug magnitude of PonAccord double revolying
field theortcan be esovecl n höo oBaltng Componenh
aach o vecto lenath o a vBaing in
opposite
recha speed of*hege. otaH
The
vectos equal
cohe synchronou speec N: oui c depena on fqueny
a nd shator poles
Let p etoro ard
(anHclocke uose)rotaHng
ancd o be backoad Celockuoize)rotatng component
Te sesul tant ohese hoo component
cmponens af y nstant
oives he insBanBaneous vaue ohe stator Plue at hat
ns dan Hence vesullant of hese oo ts the
staler u ooiginal
stalor u r

Ca) b)
Cc)
 Hole Doukle evelviog iol 1h
o More alo add tasque. speed
Chora oteTtlc9

abYe sheoshe slaor and ibs too componerd

anel AAhe slast both he Componens are
shoon opposite to each othe [ see tg t)7. Thuu the
n o . 1h ie netting buhe insdan lanepus
a slart APLe 90 as shoon In gC) e too
Components re
poinHng nhe same drecHon, *ente the
esuant e9mJoa+m /a: Pm. This is notting buthe
tnstantaneous value ohe staor f u x a 9 a o ' . Thus
Continuous otaHom dfhe to0 Components iveathe odaunal
alternao9 stato Pur shovb in a c .
Bot he Cesmpomentt
are otaHng and henceaet cu
b he roto conducBors. Due o Cuttna Fun em
emf ge
in duceda t otor oheh circulale oto CuUrent The
CurennE oto uz. usfu intesachs
produces
wh foruoad cemp onent coprodu ce a
tovque 'o one
porbi cula direchon
sa anticlock oise dicecHon. Wle dhs
u inleracts oith
with bockoacd cmmponent 9 do
eroduee a
terque i n h e coekuoise direcHem. '3o if anhelockioise
tougue
is postHve hen
olocuwise dque oilbe
A he start,he se too tompoments are
negaue
qual i
magniudle bur op posite io direcHan. Hen ce he nek
.eco tosq ue
a he stat Hence, e rotor o1 not move duue
to equal and oppasite orques achog on i Hencesn
phase inducHon motor are not sel-starting
lorq ueSpeed CharacherisHes
lvque The too ppostey
oucque due o Kesultank dicectecd dovque s and
tovoard eld Toxque he esullant torque
Can
-Ns
be
shew ePtecHuel
Pode oaud N:
Ns ovoared
cbue speed
peed Chanac}edshes.
Speecd
T Cao be seen
loque due thn a slart :0and
dbo baAioa
athal polnt resultan
Freld
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmall )
oque s gec Hence oducHo motoro
9hngle phase
are not sestartn
Hevoe ver, he tohor isaiven and iniHal
vodah on o an direcHon, he esultant averege orque
inereses in hdirecHon t oheh rotor ts initial nidial
odatec Ancl molor starts Bang o tha direcHan
Bu in pracce t is not Pssble oave niHal
J
ToTque o oto externaly,henee Some modificahon
are done o he CensrucH on ofsingle phaae

nduchom mot. do make hem selF shati

Startiog Methods SpliE Phase Technique
Io caie

single phaie induCHn motors, some ComsucHmal

arrangemes is requreddo malke e motors self

shovbio
caae. ot spit phaae dechnique te arangeme
is madle s o h a h e staBo prmoluces a rotatng u
Totharthan alHeenahng u oich wtaBea oone
porttelar direchoD on Hence orque produuced due
Sueh mogneHe Peld is unidirecHonal: outhere ts
no
oppesitel diseckec buque present. Henee under the
nPuenc ooaHng mneic Feld 1o
one direcHonm,
he inducktn motor becomes sel starting.
Cage inducHon mots, coovect he alternakn
Ae ohat F, we
oettce add
oher hao
ao
Honaluz
Statos fur oieh haa
cebaio phaue a
PPeence LOT.t sBatoFu. Hene he resulhan i a
ohan fun odher a o altesnatin9 ux. More e
voah
phae spUting angle
more is the
Tuus sicting 6T|u
addl'tione PL is
produce d
o19 a ouila
placed alonwlh stor
mokar
olnolnaq,The aulary wiroUng
isHhen remavec aree
sBarts, a soitch arangeme
 Notes by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali

1here arethree pes o spit- phase ioducHon mo tu

. Reslslance spUt. phaue mod

ü) Capmcitor star motor
Capaci hor start capaoitr run moto

Kesistance Spüt-phase motor

Aumilary Here he atawlay
windina
ondung s macde up of a

i n coppe conm du Chor as

Cmpared do main oindn

Hence aula oinding ha

much higher resishane eomparec
MaM
to nducHvé' may omdsng
Koler
Loinaun Hence he fures be sput
tophase and motor becone

sef slartip. 1he phas or dicgram and ovquespeeol chorraclen

shes Cre as ahoon belw
Torque

Ia

Tsrt
N Ns N:o speed

Copa cttr start motor

In Ws care a condlensor(capacit)
placec n 3enea h e oula oindngg
Auxi layoindn
1a

V
L

mad'o olndvg Rotor Im

 Notcs by:
Prof. Ashish Vanmali
(20
Due-o capacitC, curent in auvlay ondung
tsleadn
ts teadung

voltage V, and eurent in matn wthdng u Hence

la9aBng. Henee

anale mave Duch proou ce hhelher

sBarting dosque
Capacidoe sBart - Capacita un motor
Aurilay 0asethece
Omdung
nosolleh presen
Ta ouch remave QuRi
onono mes moBor stats.
Hence apaciter remans

Ma Rot pesmane io ethe clreuit

wndung Tuws împroves aves al
peformance ohe mota
Toque
Capacitov sBat
Capacitor Tun mot
Tsat
Capaci tors ad-
Tslat motor

> Speed
NNs N-0

ApplicaHans
he spGt-phaue ducHom moBor are uued io |
Maete oCommon appUaHonu fans, too less pumps
od iond' dHoner ee
 3-P INDUCTION MoTOR
CenshrueHom -

Basically inducHon motor consi'ss otwo maio

porh
he siaicnarrame called as Stator
h e roBaHng armaure called as Rotor
Stator

-
Windings terminals
Rotor shorted
drum e
3 ph
Input
Shaft

enenene
enenee

Stator winding
L
Rottor winding
(a)
(6)

a ca)
shonasthe schemabie elagram o e hnductHon moto
The stalo o an incduchon motor unponciple the same aas
ha-o a sunchronouu motor os geneaer Th mace p op
anumber ampings, onih are slotteddo receive he. oinding.
he stal caries a 3 olndung and u fecd oith a 3 supply.
T wound fr o denile number o pole, he exack numbe
poles deles mined ay e requrement ofHe speed.
CrreceHhe number opolea, lesser, he :speec and ve versa,
Simila o 3daer, he roBov drum i provicléd oi aloh

achose slok caT a hree phoe nding similar to shator

LO1ndng The ioo ondings ore cedraon in Hg t ) . (ole toindin9
Can be cooneched in 3Bar a toet as dela). The_oinclingtermina
o TOar oinob ng are shoded gether
Sasec o e CngucHon o he Dter e have tuwo
sup. ting soto 3quTel cage ptar.
5Up-ing Rotor
In Hsupe of otor , alonq oit the
drur he shaft carieshree süp-ringaThe oinaung

emnals. ace permanen connecled oHhese rinas Man

mes it necessar d ado exter haresiskanoe t te rotor
 (2
Shaft
Slip rings

Brushes

-Extemal
variable
Resistances
Rotor drum Rotor uindinq

circut Buch addi'Hem netessa He motor

Tegureo devele aes arting doque, Tuus the erterna!

sesttance can eadded hroug Jup rmg-brughes arre hge
ment

Sqwrrel Chge Rotov*

Copper or Aluminium bars

O
end ring
end ring

hen hger 9karhinq tosque is note requiremenk,

Ae roox dsnatructed a
a vey simple manne: iq
above aoos h e consruckton .oasqurrel
aage rotor. Hese
drum is pron loled oim'a numbe o crcular
holes, paralel*o dhe shaft Solic copper ov alummium
bars are placo h e a e holea ano all tese bas are
welded o uo end rings o esiaklih elecmal contac
bekcoee them, In he abore ,¥e ing ju shoon sith
doHed line fo claa fhe bes and eel
Do ike
* dnas together
a cage and h ence sach roBor ú calecd a
OTO sq wme
cage

sip-Ring Rotov
Squrrel cage Totor
Roto coostrucHom s tomlcaBe Cons huetn
ashe roBer drum útobe
3impk he
povi oled oith glots and rodov
wnoing noting butso0g
bars placed in holea.
oinding do be plaad
 Aroouces high sBastingovque Produces ono startng toqu
Cage ro tos Comparafivel, i
aheaptr io cos
Cnly S) oimducHon motov Nlearly a5 nducHon moBors
se in mdusy empley e emphby cage rok
E hra Tes is ta ncee Can be added Exha resistanee can not ke
r o t o ciscuit to enable he added o votor circuit,Thes jere
metox D develop uiger sdarng h e moBor i reqwred *o
oque |develope a staBng torque,
|Cage oios Con not be_wec

Working-( Rotakng MagnetHe Reld)

Tn 30 nducHom
moto hen he slaBo oinding are fed bj 3 urank
lisplaced by120, h e oduce a resulkunt magneHc ux
rolates space au iackual magneHc pole are
belng roBated mech anlcally
The pvincipe o 3 , 3- Supply
-
4 pole stator havinghree
Neutral
tdenHa windngx illusaled
tn Flq. Ca). hen exeited oit
e Plus due to Ri
suppy,
Hhe curenk flootng io eaoh
se
phaue oinoltng eoi
souseidal qnel repreenled
K2

n Pa.C5), fhe mawimum Ca)

value fluy i m. fLe
resulhan
Plun r at a given tme ven by te vecto
Sum e
ndivida Ptune Pe, Py and ps due to hree

phase B
 (24)

CO
Cb)

- Os

cd)

at poiatO ie ghen :0 9Pa Ca)

de t + s dmx J ¢m,ca (co)

apointO .e. oen = Go° Pig4)

=1:5m
Here sesulant 1 : s g m but roaked 66 in
clockoise direoto
ar poia te. ohen l2

r m tos()

Agaro the e ulant Ja Same ie e lSOm but aqoo

votal ed G6 o clockeoise allre oon.
 ot poin( ie. ak o:190° (d)

n ncos ( )
Agam He sesuttank s same ao. adcliHrna) clochoile
rolaHom o6o

belon ghno He p h o d e oakmg Plux io asmple

Pencewe can emcuoe that:

C)he reauliant Plux o t Con s tank magni ule te s o
Hhe resultan Fux rolete aund he shaor a
snchrtmou
speecven b N, P

* Wy oloa rotor rotake 2

Ohenhe s sBato ondngs are fed
S9*uP suply ,sele up a maqneHc Pu» consdank
mCeq nilude but0aHnasynchronow speeol, Tis jnduce
em in he otor ohoolnga
Farnda's lao of elecho-mag,
neHc tnducion. As he Flun roBalea it
also rolave he
rDtor to keep he Telattve speed 9me
Hus Causmg e
ndahon ue 00tos
 sip he ifFeence beto een unch romouu speed N
knovon
and he actual speed N O h e oBor k
sup: iu erpessed as Re percenaqe ofHe Sunhonou
speed Acully, Hhe e m 3p descd Hue e
in uchhe otor 'sllps back' fom synchronism.

slip Ns-N j00-

N
Sneme Ns -Nis calleodip speed
Reter (omotor) speec N=NCl-s)
may be kepk i mind h a evolvi9 Plux
Pux
oatng nchonouu , reBahue o sBatr, butat
su speed elatve otor

*Applcakions-
Dueo eenstent speed andminimunm
mante nanee oupled wi moderate torquesqwrre cage
mot o r e s a r e ueo o dve eciprocaHnq pumps, cenmikjaal

pumps, latches, 2to dirve AeneraBers, indexHle mduusy y

pumps
ioahemi ca molus r y , coal mine ék
Sip og moiers ofPer igher atarng ovque and
conmllable speedHenee i t wed in elect'c acHn
elevaters, GPt, Crang ee