Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department

2nd Year Electrical Engineering

Tanta University Faculty of Engineering

Power Electronics (1)

UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIER CIRCUITS

Eng. Alaa Shaker

 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)

For 𝐷1 & 𝐷2 For 𝐷3 & 𝐷4 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜

𝑖𝑠
𝑉𝐴 = 𝑣𝑠 𝑉𝐴 = 0 +
𝑉𝐾 = 0 𝑉𝐾 = 𝑣𝑠
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑜
𝐷1 & 𝐷2 on when 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐾 𝐷3 & 𝐷4 on when 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐾 -

𝑣𝑠 > 0 𝑣𝑠 < 0
𝐷4 𝐷2
-

0 < 𝑤𝑡 < π π < 𝑤𝑡 < 2π

+ +
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜
+ +
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑠
- - 𝑣𝑜

𝐷4 𝐷2 -
𝐷4 𝐷2 -
 𝑣𝑠
Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)
i𝐷3 , i𝐷4

𝐷1 & 𝐷2 𝑜𝑛
0 ωt 𝑉𝑚
π 2π 3π
𝐷3 & 𝐷4 𝑜𝑛 𝑅
ωt
vo
is

𝑉𝑚
ωt
ωt
io

𝑉𝑚 0 < 𝑤𝑡 < π π < 𝑤𝑡 < 2π

𝑅
ωt
+ +
i𝐷1 , i𝐷2 𝑖𝑜
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
+ +
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑜
𝑉𝑚 - -
𝑅 𝐷4 𝐷2
ωt 𝐷4 𝐷2 - -
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)

4) A single-phase bridge rectifier with a purely resistive load of 10 Ω and input voltage of 200 V. If
the rectifier transformer used has 2:1 turns ratio, find:
a) The average value of output voltage and current
b) The average and rms value of diode current
c) The rectifier efficiency
d) The transformer utilization factor.
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)
4) A single-phase bridge rectifier with a purely resistive load of 10 Ω and input voltage of 200 V. If the rectifier transformer used
has 2:1 turns ratio, find:
a) The average value of output voltage and current
+
1 𝑇
V𝑑𝑐 = ‫׬‬0 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜
𝑇
𝑖𝑠
1 𝜋 2𝜋 +
= [‫׬‬0 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑤𝑡 + ‫ 𝜋׬‬−𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑤𝑡]
2𝜋
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑜
1 𝜋 -
= ( 2 ‫׬‬0 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑤𝑡 )
2𝜋
𝐷4 𝐷2
2 𝑉𝑚 -
=
𝜋
vo
2 ∗100 2
= = 90.03 V 𝑉𝑚
𝜋
ωt
V𝑑𝑐
I𝑑𝑐 = = 9.003 A
𝑅
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)
4) A single-phase bridge rectifier with a purely resistive load of 10 Ω and input voltage of 200 V. If the rectifier transformer used
has 2:1 turns ratio, find:
b) The average and rms value of diode current
i𝐷1 , i𝐷2
1 𝜋 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑤𝑡
I𝐴 = ‫׬‬0 𝑑𝑤𝑡
2𝜋 𝑅

I𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚
= = 𝑅
2 𝜋𝑅 ωt
9.003
= = 4.5 A
2
io
1 𝜋 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑤𝑡 2
𝐼𝑅 = ‫׬‬0 ( ) 𝑑𝑤𝑡
2𝜋 𝑅
𝑉𝑚
𝐼𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅
= = ωt
2 2𝑅

𝑉𝑚
2
= = 7.07 A
2𝑅
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (R load)
4) A single-phase bridge rectifier with a purely resistive load of 10 Ω and input voltage of 200 V. If the rectifier transformer used
has 2:1 turns ratio, find:
c) The rectifier efficiency d) The transformer utilization factor. +
𝑃𝑑𝑐 𝑃𝑑𝑐
ɳ= 𝑇𝑈𝐹 = 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑜
𝑃𝑎𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠
2
𝑉𝑑𝐶 /𝑅 2 2 +
= 𝑉𝑑𝐶 /𝑅 𝑉𝑑𝐶 /𝑅
𝑉𝑜2𝑟𝑚𝑠 /𝑅 = = 𝑣𝑠
𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑜 𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑣𝑜
-
2
𝑉𝑑𝐶 90.032 /10
= = 𝐷4 𝐷2
𝑉𝑠2 𝑉𝑠 ∗(100/10)
-
90.032 = 81.05 %
= = 81.05 %
1002
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)

+
For 𝐷1 & 𝐷2 For 𝐷3 & 𝐷4 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐼𝑎
𝑉𝐴 = 𝑣𝑠 𝑉𝐴 = 0
+
𝑉𝐾 = 0 𝑉𝐾 = 𝑣𝑠
𝑣𝑠
𝐷1 & 𝐷2 on when 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐾 𝐷3 & 𝐷4 on when 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐾 - 𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑠 > 0 𝑣𝑠 < 0
𝐷4 𝐷2

-
0 < 𝑤𝑡 < π π < 𝑤𝑡 < 2π
+ +
I𝑎 𝐼𝑎
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
+ +
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑠
- 𝑣𝑜 - 𝑣𝑜
𝐷4 𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷2
- -
 𝑣𝑠
Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
i𝐷3 , i𝐷4

𝐷1 & 𝐷2 𝑜𝑛
𝐼𝑎
0 ωt
π 2π 3π
𝐷3 & 𝐷4 𝑜𝑛
ωt
vo
is
𝐼𝑎
𝑉𝑚
ωt
ωt
io

− 𝐼𝑎
𝐼𝑎
0 < 𝑤𝑡 < π π < 𝑤𝑡 < 2π

ωt
+ +
i𝐷1 , i𝐷2 I𝑎 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐼𝑎
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝑖𝑠
+ +
𝐼𝑎
𝑣𝑠 𝑣𝑠
- 𝑣𝑜 - 𝑣𝑜
ωt 𝐷4 𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷2
- -
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)

5) A single-phase bridge rectifier is used to feed highly inductive load of average current of Ia.
find:
a) The input power factor by different two methods
b) The displacement factor of input current
c) The input harmonic factor.
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
5) A single-phase bridge rectifier is used to feed highly inductive load of average current of Ia. find:
a) The input power factor by different two methods 𝑣𝑠
First method :

𝑃𝑖𝑛 0 π 2π 3π ωt
𝑃𝐹𝑖𝑛 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 is
𝐼𝑎
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∗𝐼𝑎
= = ωt
𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑎
− 𝐼𝑎
vo
2 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥ൗ
𝜋
= 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
ൗ 2 𝑉𝑚
+
𝐼𝑎 ωt
2 2 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
= lagging pf io
𝜋 +
𝑣𝑠 𝐼𝑎
- 𝑣𝑜
𝐷4 𝐷2 ωt

-
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
5) A single-phase bridge rectifier is used to feed highly inductive load of average current of Ia. find:
a) The input power factor by different two methods 𝑣𝑠

Second method :
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃1
0 π 2π 3π ωt
𝑃𝐹𝑖𝑛 = = is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑎

𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠1 ∗cos Ф1 𝐼𝑠1 ωt

= = cos Ф1
𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠 𝐼𝑠
− 𝐼𝑎
vo

𝑉𝑚
+
𝐼𝑎 ωt
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
io
+
𝑣𝑠 𝐼𝑎
- 𝑣𝑜
𝐷4 𝐷2 ωt

-
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
(Fourier analysis for supply current)
2 𝑇 𝑣𝑠
𝑎1 = [ ‫׬‬0 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜s( θ) dθ
𝑇

2 𝜋 2𝜋
= [ ‫׬‬0 𝐼𝑎 𝑐𝑜s 𝜃 𝑑θ + ‫ 𝜋׬‬−𝐼𝑎 𝑐𝑜s 𝜃 𝑑θ ] = 0 0 π 2π 3π ωt
2𝜋

2 𝑇 is
𝑏1 = [ ‫׬‬0 𝑖𝑠 sin( θ) dθ 𝐼𝑎
𝑇

2 𝜋 2𝜋 ωt
= [ ‫׬‬0 𝐼𝑎 sin 𝜃 𝑑θ + ‫ 𝜋׬‬−𝐼𝑎 sin 𝜃 𝑑θ ]
2𝜋
− 𝐼𝑎
4 𝐼𝑎 vo
=
𝜋
𝑐1 : Peak value for the fundamental supply current 𝑉𝑚
ωt
4 𝐼𝑎
𝑐1 = 𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 = io
𝜋
𝐼𝑎
Ф1 : The angle of the fundamental component of supply current
𝑎1 ωt
Ф1 = tan−1 =0
𝑏1
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
5) A single-phase bridge rectifier is used to feed highly inductive load of average current of Ia. find:
a) The input power factor by different two methods 𝑣𝑠

Second method :
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃1
0 π 2π 3π ωt
𝑃𝐹𝑖𝑛 = = is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑎

𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠1 ∗cos Ф1 𝐼𝑠1 ωt

= = cos Ф1
𝑉𝑠 ∗𝐼𝑠 𝐼𝑠
− 𝐼𝑎
vo
4 𝐼𝑎
𝐶1 4 𝐼𝑎
𝐼𝑠1 = = 𝜋 = 𝑉𝑚
2 2 𝜋 2
+
𝐼𝑎 ωt
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
io
4 𝐼𝑎
+
2 2 𝑣𝑠 𝐼𝑎
𝑃𝐹𝑖𝑛 = 𝜋 2
𝐼𝑎
cos 0 =
𝜋
lagging pf- 𝑣𝑜
𝐷4 𝐷2 ωt

-
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)
5) A single-phase bridge rectifier is used to feed highly inductive load of average current of Ia. find:
b) The displacement factor of input current 𝑣𝑠
𝑎1
DF = cos Ф1 = cos(tan−1 ) =1
𝑏1
0 π 2π 3π ωt

is
𝐼𝑎
c) The input harmonic factor.
ωt

− 𝐼𝑎
vo
𝐼 𝐼
HF = ( 𝑠 )2 −1 = ( 4 𝐼𝑎𝑎 )2 −1 = 0.484
𝐼𝑠1
𝜋 2 𝑉𝑚
+
𝐼𝑎 ωt
𝑖𝑠 𝐷1 𝐷3
io
+
𝑣𝑠 𝐼𝑎
- 𝑣𝑜
𝐷4 𝐷2 ωt

-
 Single-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier (Highly Inductive Load)

Report
A full wave bridge rectifier is used to charge a battery of 24 V and 120 W-H. if the supply voltage
with 220 V is used to feed the full-wave rectifier with 4:1 rectifier transformer, find:
a) The diode conduction angle
b) The value of current limiting resistor for 10 A (DC current) flows through battery
c) The charging time in hours
d) The power loss through the current limiting resistor
e) The circuit efficiency.