ADJECTIVE – ADVERB

(TÍNH TỪ - TRẠNG TỪ)

A. THEORY
I. Adjective
- Những từ mô tả tính chất của 1 vật/sự vật, sự việc.
- Vị trí:
+ đứng trước danh từ
+ đứng sau các linking verb (động từ nối): to be, become, seem, sound, etc.
+ đứng sau tân ngữ của 1 số động từ: keep, make, find, etc.
- E.g: beautiful, intelligent, great, delicious, vibrant, etc.
II. Adverb
- Những từ bổ sung nghĩa cho tính từ, động từ
- Có 1 vài loại trạng từ tiêu biểu:
+ trạng từ chỉ thời gian
+ trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
+ trạng từ chỉ mức độ
+ trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adverb of manner)
1. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian (Adverb of time)
- Adverb of frequency
- Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
+ In + year/month/century
+ On + day/date
+ at + clock.
2. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn (Adverb of place)
- Các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:
+ in (bên trong)
+ on (bên trên)
+ above (bên trên)
+ under
+ below
3. Trạng từ chỉ mức độ (Adverb of degree)
 - Very + ADJ/ADV
- Quite + ADJ/ADV
- Extremely (cực kì) + ADJ/ADV
4. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách
- Là các từ bổ sung nghĩa cho động từ (VERB), cách thức thực hiện hành động
- Trả lời cho câu hỏi How (như thế nào)
VD: He runs quickly.
How does he run? (Anh ấy chạy như thế nào?
- Anh ấy chạy nhanh.
☼► Cách thành lập trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adverb of manner) từ tính từ
- Hầu hết các trạng từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố |-ly| vào sau tính từ

Adj + |-ly| → Adv of manner

E.g: Beautiful → beautifully
Bad → badly
Careful → carefully
Nice → nicely

*Chú ý với các trường hợp đặc biệt

Adjective Adv of manner
good well
fast Fast
Hard Hard
daily Daily
Late late
early early
straight straight
far far
III. Comparisons (các câu so sánh)
1. Comparative form
- Short adj/adv: + |-er | + than
E.g: I am taller than my best friend, Quang
to be adj
Robert reads faster than Kevin
V Adv
- Long Adj/adv: more + adj/adv
E.g: My younger sister is more careful than me
They drive more carefully than my friends.
2. Superlative form
- Short adj/adv: The + adj/adv + |-est|
E.g: She is the tallest girl in my class
She runs the fastest
- Long Adj/adv: The MOST + adj/adv
E.g: You are the most dedicated person I have ever met
I drove the most carelessly in my class.
*Chú ý 1 số tính từ và trạng từ có dạng bất quy tắc ở dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất.
good better The best
bad worse The worst
little less The least
far Farther The farthest
further The furthest
Many/much more The most

3. Comparison of equality
To be + as + Adj + as
V Adv
E.g: I am as hardworking as Nam
Kim works as hard as Jimmy.
B. Exercises
I. Decide whether the gap needs an adjective or adverb, then provide the correct
form
1. Holland is (great) …………………
2. The tree has become (high) ………………...
3. My dad drives (careful)………………………………
4. Lisa’s grandma looks (beautiful) ……………………at the age of 90.
5. The project sounds (possible) ………………….......
6. It is (likely) …………………… that I will get a (high) …………score in the
English test.
7. My classmates are (real) …………………hard-working. They finish all of the
homework ………………… (quick).
8. Jason and I are really …………………… (close). We have been together for 8
years.
II. Choose the correct option for the sentence so that it is grammatically correct.
1. He sails (lazy / lazily) toward the surface.
2. He swears so (loud / loudly) at the top of his voice, that she won’t get any sleep
all the next night.
3. Frankly/Frank, it is very (clever / cleverly) completed.
4. Such (nice / nicely) balances of economic integration are hard to sustain for
more than five decades.
5. There are already rumours that publishers are feeling (nervous / nervously)
6. Children should be cared for by a (normal / normally) and healthy family.
7. We hoped this war could be resolved both (quick / quickly) and with as few
civilian casualties as possible.
8. All we wanted to do was to stand very (quiet / quietly) and look and look and
look.
9. He wanted to pat her neck (most / mostly) because she was so wonderful to
touch.
10. It was (nice / nicely) packaged and wrapped in pretty, recycled paper.
II. Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng trong ngoặc.
1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best)
2. Bill is the (happier/ happiest) person we know.
3. Pat’s cat is (faster/ fastest) than Peter’s.
4. This poster is (colourfuler/ more colourful) than the one in the hall.
5. Does Fred feel (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday?
6. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best)
7. Jane is the (less/ least) athletic of all the women.
8. My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two.
9. This summary is (the better/ the best) of the pair.
10. The colder the weather gets (sicker/ the sicker) I feel.

II. Provide the correct form of the adjective in the brackets.

1. Mary is (pretty) as her sister.
____________________________________________________________
2. A new house is (expensive) than an old one.
____________________________________________________________
3. His job is (important) than mine.
____________________________________________________________
4. Jia runs (quick) ………………….. than Mia.
____________________________________________________________
5. Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
____________________________________________________________
6. Today English is the (international) of languages.

7. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well).

____________________________________________________________
8. This is (difficult) exercises that I have ever done.
____________________________________________________________
9. My Mom cooks (good) than my Dad.
____________________________________________________________
10. Vivian has the (cute) backpack in my class.
____________________________________________________________
III. Viết lại câu sau, bắt đầu bằng các từ cho sẵn.
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it’s only six degrees.
=> It’s …………………………………………………………………….
2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
=> It takes………………………………………………………………….
3. We were very busy at work today. We are not as busy as that every day.
=> We………………………………………………………………………
4. Jane cooks better than her sister.
=> Jane’s sister……………………………………………………………
5. Tom is the best football player in this team.
=> Nobody in this team………………………………………………….
6. The train leaves at 8 o’clock on Monday. It leaves at 9 o’clock on Tuesday.
=> The train ………………………………………………………………….

IV. Provide correct comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives and
adverbs:

ADJ/ADV Comparative form Superlative form

cheap
long
comfortable
quickly
early
big
happy
young
expensive
far
great
friendly
crazy
intelligent
colorful
merry
effective
quiet
strong
tiny
little
good
nice
polite
carefully
successful
clever
many

V. Complete the following sentences using as…as structure and the

adjectives in the bracket.

1. I am not______________ you. (tall)

2. This book is not______________ that one. (interesting)
3. This summer is______________ last summer. (hot)
4. Yesterday it was______________ today. (sunny)
5. I think that my essay is______________ yours. (good)
6. My dog isn't______________ it appears to be. (fierce)
7. Children nowadays are not______________ they used to be. (active)
8. Watching movie is not______________ reading book. (entertaining)
9. Jane is______________ as a doll. (pretty)
10. Cats are not______________ dogs. (friendly)
11. My brother said that going abroad was not______________ he thought.
(amusing)
12. She didn't want to be late, so she run______________ she could. (fast)
13. Please call me______________ possible. (soon)
14. Sleeping on the sofa is not______________ in bed. (comfortable)
15. This hotel is______________ the one near the beach but it is much better.
(expensive)
VI. Complete the sentences using as .... as

1. I'm quite tall but you are taller.

I'm not as tall as you.

2. My salary is high, but yours is higher.

My salary isn't .......................................................................................... .

3. You know a bit about cars, but I know more.

You don't .............................................................................................. .

4. It's still cold, but it was colder yesterday.

It isn't .................................................................................................... .
5. I still feel quite tired I felt, but a lot more tired yesterday.

I don't ....................................................................................................... .

6. Our neighbours have lived here for quite a long time, but we've lived here
longer.

Our neighbours haven't ............................................................................ .

7. I was a bit nervous before the interview, but usually I'm a lot more nervous.

I wasn't ......................................................................................................

VII. Write a new sentence with the same meaning.

1. Richard is younger than he looks.

Richard isn't as old as he looks.

2. I didn't spend as much money as you.

You spent more money than me ..................................................................... .

3. The station was nearer than I thought.

The station wasn't ............................................................................................

4. The meal didn't cost as much as I expected.

The meal cost ............................................................................................... .

5. I go out less than I used to.

I don't ..............................................................................................................

6. Karen's hair isn't as long as it used to be.

Karen used to .............................................................................................. .

7. I know them better than you do.

You don't ................................................................................................ .

8. There are fewer people at this meeting than at the last one.

There aren't ...................................................................................................... .