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AABINANDAN ACADEMY (b) A function 𝑓 ∶ 𝐵 → 𝐺 be defined by

𝑓 = {(𝑏1, 𝑔1 ), (𝑏2, 𝑔2 ), (𝑏3, 𝑔1 ) }. Check if f is
Click Here bijective. Justify your answer.
Please check every week the Solution:

same file will be updated with (i) Total number of relation = 2𝑚 𝑥 𝑛

new questions and videos = 23 𝑥 2 = 26 = 64

1. Relation and Function (ii) Number of function B to G = [𝑛 (𝐺)]𝑛(𝐵)

1. An organization conducted bike race under = [𝑛 (𝐺)]𝑛(𝐵) = 23 = 8
to different categories – Boys and Girls. (iii) a) Reflexive relation :  𝑥 ∈ 𝐵
There were 28 participants in all. Among all
 𝑥 and 𝑥 are students of the same sex.
of them, finally three from category 1 and
two from category 2 were selected for the (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with It is reflexive relation.
these participants for his college project.
Symmetric relation :
Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅
 𝑥 and 𝑦 are students of the same sex.
 𝑦 and 𝑥 are students of the same sex.
 (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
Transitive relation :
Let (𝑥, 𝑦), (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and 𝐺 = {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 }, where B  𝑥 and 𝑦 are students of the same sex &
represents the set of Boys selected and G the set 𝑦 and 𝑧 are students of the same sex
of Girls selected for the final race.  𝑥 and z are students of the same sex
Based on the above information, answer the  (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅
following questions :
 R is equivalence relation.
(i) How many relations are possible from B
(OR)
to G?
b) f is not one-one function because 𝑏1 &𝑏2
(ii) Among all the possible relations from B
having same image.
to G, how many functions can be formed
 f is not bijection.
from B to G ?
(iii) (a) Let 𝑅 ∶ 𝐵 → 𝐵 be defined by
2. Students of a school are taken to a railway
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∶ 𝑥 and y are students of the same
museum to learn about railways heritage and
sex }. Check if R is an equivalence relation.
its history. An exhibit in the museum depicted
(OR)
many rail lines on the track near the railway
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station. Let L be the set of all rail lines on the  𝑙1 ||𝑙3
railway track and R be the relation on L defined  (𝑙1 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅
by 𝑅 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∶ 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 }  R is transitive relation.
(iii) a) Given 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑅
(OR)
b) 𝑠 = {(𝑙1 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑟 𝑙2 }
Symmetric relation :
Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑆
On the basis of the above information, answer  𝑙1 𝑟 𝑙2
the following questions :  (𝑙2 , 𝑙1 ) ∈ 𝑅
(i) Find whether the relation R is  S is symmetric relation
symmetric or not. Transitive relation :
(ii) Find whether the relation R is transitive Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ), (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑠
or not.  𝑙1 𝑟 𝑙2 , 𝑙2 𝑟 𝑙3
(iii) (a) If one of the rail lines on the railway  𝑙1 ||𝑙3
track is represented by the equation  S is not transitive relation.
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2, then find the set of rail lines
in R related to it. 2. Inverse trigonometric
(OR) Functions
(b) Let S be the relation defined by 1. If a function f : X  Y defined as
𝑆 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 } 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 is one-one and onto, then we can
check whether the relation S is define a unique function g : Y  X such that
symmetric and transitive. 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑥, where 𝑥∈𝑋 and
Solution: 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌. Function g is called the
Given 𝑅 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 )|𝑙1 || 𝑙2 } inverse of function f.
i) Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑅 The domain of sine function is R and
 𝑙1 ||𝑙2 function sine: R  R is neither one-one nor
 𝑙2 ||𝑙1 onto. The following graph shows the sine
 (𝑙2 , 𝑙1 ) ∈ 𝑅 function.
R is symmetric relation Let sine function be defined from set A to
ii) Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ), (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅 [−1, 1] such that inverse of sine function
 𝑙1 ||𝑙2 and 𝑙2 ||𝑙3

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exists, i.e., 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 is defined from [-1, 1] to
A.

On the basis of the above information, answer

b) Domain of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 is [−1, 1]
the following questions:
−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
(i) If A is the interval other than principal value
−1 ≤ 1 − 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥
branch, give an example of one such
−2 ≤ −𝑥 ≤ 0
Interval.
0≤𝑥≤2
(ii) If 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) is defined from [-1, 1] to its
Domain : [0, 2]
principal value branch, find the value of 𝜋 𝜋
1
Range of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 is [− 2 , 2 ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (− 2) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1)
𝜋 𝜋
− 2 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 ≤ 2
(iii) (a) Draw the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 from [-1, 1] −1
𝜋 𝜋
− 2 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) ≤
to its principal value branch. 2

(OR) −𝜋 ≤ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) ≤ 𝜋
(iii) (b) Find the domain and range of Range : [−𝜋, 𝜋]
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥).
Solution: 3. Matrices

3𝜋 5𝜋
4. Determinants
(i) The intervals is [ 2 , ]
2 1. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1
1
(ii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (− 2) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1) instrument box and pays a sum of ₹160.
[ 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (−𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝒙) ] From the same shop, Vikram buys 2 pens, 1
1 𝜋 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2) − 2
𝜋 𝜋
of ₹190. Also Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and
= −6−2
4 instrument boxes and pays a sum of
−𝜋−3𝜋 −4𝜋 −2𝜋
= = = ₹ 250.
6 6 6

(iii) a) Based on the above information, answer

the following questions :

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1 −2 −10 8
𝐴−1 = [−5 19 −13]
−22
3 −7 −1
b) 𝑃 = 𝐴2 − 5𝐴
5 3 1 5 3 1
2
𝐴 = [2 1 3] [2 1 3]
1 2 4 1 2 4
25 + 6 + 1 15 + 3 + 2 5 + 9 + 4
= [10 + 2 + 3 6 + 1 + 6 2 + 3 + 12]
(i) Convert the given above situation into a
5+4+4 3 + 2 + 8 1 + 6 + 16
matrix equation of the form AX = B 32 20 18
(ii) Find | A| = [15 13 17]
13 13 23
(iii) (a) Find 𝐴−1 (OR)
𝑃 = 𝐴2 − 5𝐴
(b) Determine 𝑃 = 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 32 20 18 25 15 5
= [15 13 17] − [10 5 15]
Solution: 13 13 23 5 10 20
Let 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 be the number of pens, bags and 7 5 13
= [5 8 2 ]
instrument respectively 8 3 3
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1𝑧 = 160 2. An architect is developing a plot of land of
2𝑥 + 1𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 190 a commercial complex. When asked about
1𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 250 the dimensions of the plot, he said that if
(i) 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 the length is decreased by 25 m and the
5 3 1 𝑥 160 breadth is increased by 25 m, then its area
[2 1 𝑦
3] [ ] = [190]
1 2 4 𝑧 250 increases by 625 m2. If the length is
(ii) decreased by 20 m and the breadth is
|𝐴| = 5(4 − 6) − 3(8 − 3) + 1(4 − 1) increased by 10 m, then its area decrease
= 5(−2) − 3(5) + (3) by 200 m2. [2024 Compartment ]
= −10 − 15 + 3
|𝐴| = −22
1
(iii) a) 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴

4−6 3−8 4−1

𝐶𝑖𝑗 = [2 − 12 20 − 1 3 − 10]
9 − 1 2 − 15 5 − 6
−2 −5 3
𝐶𝑖𝑗 = [−10 19 −7]
On the basis of the above information,
8 −13 −1
−2 −10 8 answer the following questions :
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−5 19 −13]
3 −7 −1
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(i) Formulate the linear equations in x and y Every year a school offers scholarships to girl
to represent the given information. children and meritorious achievers based on
certain criteria. In the session 2022 - 23, the
(ii) Find the dimensions of the plot of land by
school offered monthly scholarship of ₹3,000
matrix method. each to some girls students and ₹4,000 each to
Solution: meritorious achievers in academics as well as
sports. In all, 50 students were given the
(i) Area = 𝑥 𝑦
scholarships and monthly expenditure
(𝑥 − 25)(𝑦 + 25) = 𝑥𝑦 + 625 incurred by the school on scholarships was
𝑥𝑦 + 25𝑥 − 25𝑦 − 625 = 𝑥𝑦 + 625 ₹1,80,000.
25𝑥 − 25𝑦 = 625 + 625
25𝑥 − 25𝑦 = 2(625)
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2(25)
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 50 . … … … … .. (1)
(𝑥 − 20)(𝑦 + 10) = 𝑥𝑦 − 200
𝑥𝑦 + 10𝑥 − 20𝑦 − 200 = 𝑥𝑦 − 200
10𝑥 − 20𝑦 = 0
Based on the above information, answer the
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 ………... . . (2)
following questions :
(ii) 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐵 (i) Express the given information
1 −1 𝑥 50 algebraically using matrices.
[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ]
1 −2 0 (ii) Check whether the system of matrix
|𝐴| = −2 + 1 = −1 equations so obtained is consistent or not.
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [
−2 1
] (iii) (a) Find the number of scholarships of
−1 1 each kind given by the school using
𝑥 1 −2 1 50
[𝑦] = −1 [ ][ ] matrices.
−1 1 0
(OR)
−100 + 0
= −1 [ ] (iii) (b) Had the amount of scholarship
−50 + 0
𝑥 given to each girl child and meritorious
100
[𝑦 ] = [ ] student been interchanged, what would be
50
the monthly expenditure incurred by the
Length = 100 m , Breadth = 50 m
school?
Solution :
3. A scholarship is a sum of money provided (i) Let x be the number girls students.
to a student to help him or her pay for Let y be the number meritorious achievers.
education. Some students are granted 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50
scholarships based on their academic 3000𝑥 + 4000𝑦 = 180000
achievements, while others are rewarded 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐵
based on their financial needs. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 180

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1 1 𝑥 50 |𝑥 − 3| 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
[ ] [ ]=[ ]
3 4 𝑦 180 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2
3 13
− 𝑥+ 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
4 2 4
1 1
(ii) |𝐴| = | | Answer the following questions :
3 4
=4−3 (i) What is R.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1 ?
=1≠0
(ii) What is L.H.D. of (𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1 ?
|𝐴| ≠ 0
The system is consistent and has unique (iii) (a) Check if the function f(x) is
solution. differentiable at 𝑥 = 1. (OR)
(iii) a) 𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 (iii) (b) Find 𝑓′(2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓′( −1).
4 −1
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
−3 1 Solution:
1
𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴
|𝑥 − 3| 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
−1 4 −1
1
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥2
𝐴 = 1[ ] −
3𝑥
+
13
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
−3 1 4 2 4
𝑥 4 −1 50
[𝑦 ] = [ ][ ] −(𝑥 − 3) 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
−3 1 180
200 − 180 𝑥+3 𝑖𝑓 3 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞
=[ ] 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
−150 + 780 𝑥 3𝑥 13
𝑥 20 { 4 − + 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
[𝑦 ] = [ ] 2 4
30
(i) RHD at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 = 20, 𝑦 = 30
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(1)
(iii) b) = lim+  𝑓(1) = −(1 − 3) = 2
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
Requires expenditure = 30(3000) + 20(4000)
𝑥 2 3𝑥 13
= 90000 + 80000 − 2 + 4 −2
= 170000 = lim+ 4
𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 13 − 8
5. Continuity and = lim+
𝑥→1 4(𝑥 − 1)
Differentiability 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+5
= lim+ 4(𝑥−1)
1. Let f(x) be a real valued function. Then its 𝑥→1

(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)
Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : = lim+
𝑥→1 4(𝑥 − 1)
′ (𝑎) 𝑓(𝑎−ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝐿𝑓 = lim 𝑥−5 4
ℎ→0 −ℎ = lim+ = − 4 = −1
𝑥→1 4
Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) :
(ii) LHD at 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(𝑎+ ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
Rf(a) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(1)
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim−
Also, a function f(x) is said to be 𝑥→1 𝑥−1
−(𝑥 − 3) − 2
differentiable at x = a if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. = lim−
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist and both are equal. −𝑥 + 3 − 2
= lim−
For the function 𝑥→1 𝑥−1

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−𝑥 + 1 −(𝑥 − 1)  ℎ(𝑡) is continuous function.
= lim− = lim− = −1
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 𝑥→1 𝑥−1 (ii) Height of the ball is maximum
(iii) a) RHD at 𝑥 = 1 = RHD at 𝑥 = 1 𝑑ℎ
 𝑑𝑡 = 0
 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
7 13
−1 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 − 2 (2𝑡) + (1) = 0
2
b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = {1 𝑖𝑓 3 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞
−7𝑡 = −
13
2𝑥 3 2
−2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
4
13
𝑡 = 14
𝑓 ′ (2) = −1,
1 3 4 6. APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
𝑓 ′ (−1) = (−1) − = − = −2
2 2 2 1. Read the following passage and answer
the questions given below:
2. A volleyball player serves the ball which The relation between the height of the plant
takes a parabolic path given by the (′𝑦 ′ 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑚 ) with respect to its exposure to the
7 13
equation ℎ(𝑡) = − 𝑡 2 + 𝑡 + 1, where sunlight is governed by the following equation
2 2
1
h(t) is the height of ball at any time t (in 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , where ′𝑥′ is the number of
2
seconds), (𝑡 ≥ 0). days exposed to the sunlight, for 𝑥 ≤ 3.

(i) Find the rate of growth of the plant with

Based on the above information, answer the respect to the number of days exposed to the
following questions : sunlight.
(i) Is h(t) a continuous function ? Justify. (ii) Does the rate of growth of the plant
(ii) Find the time at which the height of the increase or decrease in the first three days?
ball is maximum. What will be the height of the plant after 2
days?
Solution:
Solution:
7 13
(i) ℎ(𝑡) = − 2 + 2 + 𝑡+1 1
2
(i) Given 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2
ℎ(𝑡) is polynomial function.
𝑑𝑦 1
= 4 − 2 (2𝑥)
 Every polynomial function is continuous 𝑑𝑥

every where = 4−𝑥

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𝑑𝑦
(ii) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥 (ii) Using second derivative test, find the
minimum value of the function?
At 𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑦 Solution:
=4−3=1
𝑑𝑥
1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10
 The plant increasing in first three days.
1
 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3 (3𝑥 2 ) − 4(2𝑥) + 15(1)
2

𝑥=2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15
1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
𝑦 = 4(2) − (4)
2 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 = 0
=2 (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
 Height of the plant is 6 cm 𝑥 = 3, 5
2. In an agricultural institute, scientists do  Critical point is 𝑥 = 3, 5
experiments with varieties of seeds to grow (ii) 𝑓"(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 8
them in different environments to produce 𝑓"(3) = 2(3) − 8 = −2 < 0
healthy plants and get more yield. A 𝑓"(5) = 10 − 8 = 2 > 0
scientist observed that a particular seed  𝑥 = 5 is minimum point.
grew very fast after germination. He had 1
𝑓(5) = 3 (125) − 4(25) + 15(5) + 2
recorded growth of plant since
125
germination and he said that its growth can = − 100 + 77
3
125
be defined by the function = − 23
3
125−69
= 3
56
= 3

3. A housing society wants to commission a

swimming pool for its residents. For this,
they have to purchase a square piece of
land and dig this to such a depth that its
1 3 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 15𝑥 + 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ capacity is 250 cubic meters. Cost of land is
3

10 where 𝑥 is the number of days the ₹ 500 per square meter. The cost of digging
plant is exposed to sunlight. increases with the depth and cost for the
On the basis of the above information, whole pool is ₹ 4000 (depth)2 .
answer the following questions : Suppose the side of the square plot is
(i) What are the critical points of the 𝑥 metres and depth is h metres.
function f(x) ?

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125
− + 8ℎ = 0
ℎ2
125
= 8ℎ
ℎ2
125
ℎ3 = 8
5
ℎ=2

= 2.5
On the basis of the above information, 125000
(iii) a) 𝑐 ′ (ℎ) = − + 8000 ℎ
ℎ2
answer the following questions :
𝑐 ′ (ℎ) = −125000ℎ−2 + 8000ℎ
(i) Write cost 𝐶(ℎ) as a function in terms of h. 𝑐 ′′ (ℎ) = 250000ℎ−3 + 8000
250000
(ii) Find critical point. = + 8000
ℎ3
250000
(iii) (a) Use second derivative test to find the 𝑐"(5/2) = + 8000 > 0
5 2
( )
value of h for which cost of constructing the 2

5
pool is minimum. What is the minimum cost of ℎ = 2 is minimum point.
5 125000 25
construction of the pool ?  𝑐 (2) = 5 + 4000 ( 4 )
2
(OR)
2
= 125000 𝑥 5 + 1000 (25)
(iii) (b) Use first derivative test to find the
depth of the pool so that cost of construction = 25000 𝑥 2 + 25000

is minimum. Also, find relation between x and = 50000 + 25000

h for minimum cost. = 75000

125000
Solution: b) 𝑐 ′ (ℎ) = − + 8000 ℎ
ℎ2

(i) Let 𝑥 be side of the square and h is depth of If ℎ < 2.5 then 𝑐 ′ (ℎ) < 0
the square volume = 250 𝑚3 If ℎ > 2.5 then 𝑐 ′ (ℎ) > 0
Area x height = 250  ℎ = 2.5 is minimum point.
𝑥 2 ℎ = 250 250 250 2500
𝑥2 = = = = 100
250 ℎ 2.5 25
ℎ= 𝑥2
𝑥 = 10
Total cost of swimming pool = 𝑥 2 (500) +
 ℎ = 2.5
2
4000 (𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ)
𝑥 = 4(2.5)  𝑥 = 4ℎ
250
 𝑐(ℎ) = ℎ
(500) + 4000 ℎ2
4. In order to set up a rain water harvesting
125000
𝑐(ℎ) = + 4000 ℎ2 system, a tank to collect rain water is to be
ℎ

(ii) 𝑐 ′ (ℎ) = 0 dug. The tank should have a square base and
125000 a capacity of 250 𝑚3 . The cost of land is
− + 4000(2ℎ) = 0
ℎ2
₹ 5,000 per square metre and cost
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of digging increases with depth and for the 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 10000𝑥 + 40000(250)2 (−4𝑥)−5
whole tank, it is ₹ 40,000 ℎ2 , where h is the 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 10000𝑥 −
160000(250)2
𝑥5
depth of the tank in metres. x is the side of
(iii) a) 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 0
the square base of the tank in meters. 160000(250)2
10000𝑥 =
Based on the above information, answer the 𝑥5

following questions : 𝑥 6 = 16(250)2

(i) Find the total cost C of digging the tank (𝑥 3 )2 = 16(250)2

in terms of 𝑥. 𝑥 3 = 4 (250)
𝑥 3 = 1000
𝑥 = 10
𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 10000𝑥 − 160000(250)2 𝑥 −5
5(160000)(250)2
𝑐"(𝑥) = 10000𝑥 + 𝑥2

 𝑐"(𝑥) > 0 at 𝑥 = 10
 𝑥 = 10 is minimum point.
160000(250)2
(iii) b) 𝑐′(𝑥) = 10000𝑥 − 𝑥5

𝑑𝐶 𝑥 = 1,
(ii) Find 𝑑𝑥
′ (1)
160000(250)2
(iii) (a) Find the value of 𝑥 for which cost C is 𝑐 = 10000(1) − <0
15
minimum. (OR) 𝑥 = 10,
(b) Check whether the cost function 𝐶(𝑥) 160000(250 𝑥 250)
𝑐 ′ (10) = 10000(1) − 100000
expressed in terms of 𝑥 is increasing or not, ′ (10)
𝑐 = 10000 − 16 (25 𝑥 250) > 0
where 𝑥 > 0
 𝑓(𝑥) is neither increasing nor decreasing.
Solution:
(i) Let 𝑥, ℎ be the side and depth of the square
5. The equation of the path traced by a roller-
respectively
coaster is given by the polynomial
Volume = 250
𝑥 2 ℎ = 250
250
𝑥2 = . . . (1)
ℎ

Total cost 𝑐(𝑥) = 5000𝑥 2 + 40000ℎ2

250 2
𝑐(𝑥) = 5000𝑥 2 + 40000 ( 𝑥 2 )
40000(250)2
𝑐(𝑥) = 5000𝑥 2 + 𝑥4

(ii) 𝑐(𝑥) = 5000𝑥 2 + 40000(250)2 𝑥 −4

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𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 9) (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 3). If the angle of the conical tank is 45.
roller-coaster crosses y-axis at a point
(0, −1), answer the following :
(i) Find the value of ′𝑎′
(ii) Find 𝑓′′(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1.
Solution:
(i) Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(0) = −1
On the basis of given information, answer the
𝑎(0 + 9)(0 + 1)(0 − 3) = −1
following questions :
𝑎(9)(1)(−3) = −1
(i) Find the volume of water in the tank in terms
1
𝑎= of its radius r.
27
1
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 27 (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) (ii) Find rate of change of radius at an instant

1 when r = 2√2 cm
𝑓(𝑥) = 27 (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)
Solution:
1
= 27 (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 27)
(iii) (a) Find the rate at which the wet surface
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 27 (𝑥 3 2
+ 7𝑥 − 21𝑥 − 27) of the conical tank is decreasing at an instant
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 27 (3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 21) when radius r = 2√2 cm (OR)
1 (b) Find the rate of change of height ′ℎ′ at an
𝑓"(𝑥) = 27 (6𝑥 + 14)
instant when slant height is 4 cm.
1 20
𝑓"(1) = 27 (6 + 14) = 27
Solution:
𝑟
(i) tan 45 = ℎ
6. A tank, as shown in the figure below,
𝑟
1=ℎ
formed using a combination of a cylinder
and a cone, offers better drainage as ℎ=𝑟

compared to a flat bottomed tank. Volume of the cone

1 1
A tap is connected to such a tank whose 𝑣 = 3 𝑟 2 ℎ = 3 𝑟 3
conical part is full of water. Water is 𝑑𝑣
(ii) 𝑟 = 2√2 𝑐𝑚 , 𝑑𝑡 = −2 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠
dripping out from a tap at the bottom at the 𝑑𝑣 𝜋 𝑑𝑟
= 3 . 3𝑟 2 . 𝑑𝑡
uniform rate of 2 𝑐𝑚 /s. The semi-vertical
3 𝑑𝑟
2 𝑑𝑟
−2 = 𝜋(2√2) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟
−2 = (8) 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑑𝑟
− 4𝜋 = ………………(i)
𝑑𝑡

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𝑑𝑡 =
𝑑𝑟 −1
𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 Based on the above information, answer the
4𝜋
following questions :
(iii) a) 𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 𝑙 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is
𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟. √2 𝑟 𝑙 2 = 2𝑟 2 (∴ 𝑟 = ℎ)
h cm, then write the volume V of cylinder in
𝑠 = 𝜋√2 𝑟 2 ∴ 𝑙 = √2𝑟
terms of radius r.
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋√2. 2𝑟. 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡
(ii) Find 𝑑𝑟 .
𝑑𝑟 1
By (i) = − 4𝜋 and 𝑟 = 2√2 𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑡 (iii) (a) Find the radius of cylinder when its
𝑑𝑠 −1
𝑑𝑡
= 2√2𝜋(2√2) (4𝜋 ) volume is maximum (OR)
𝑑𝑠 (b) For maximum volume, ℎ > 𝑟 . State true or
= −2 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡
1
False and justify.
(iii) b) 𝑣 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
Solution:
𝑑𝑣
We know that ℎ = 𝑟, 𝑙 = 4, = −2 C.S.A + circular area = 75 of base
𝑑𝑡
1
𝑣 = 3 𝜋ℎ2 𝑙 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑟 2 2𝑟ℎ + 𝑟 2 = 75
𝑑𝑣 𝜋 𝑑ℎ 2𝑟ℎ + 𝑟 2 = 75
= 3 . 3ℎ2 . 𝑑𝑡 16 = ℎ2 + ℎ2
𝑑𝑡
75−𝑟 2
𝑑ℎ ℎ= . ………….. . (1)
−2 = 𝜋. 8 𝑑𝑡 16 = 2ℎ2 2𝑟

𝑑ℎ −2
𝑣 = 𝑟 2 ℎ
2
= 8𝜋 ℎ =8
𝑑𝑡 75−𝑟 2
𝑣 = 𝑟 2 ( )
𝑑ℎ −1 2𝑟
= 𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 4𝜋 75−𝑟 2
𝑣 = 𝑟 ( )
2𝑟
𝜋
7. Engine displacement is the measure of the 𝑣(𝑟) = 2 (75𝑟 − 𝑟 3 )

cylinder volume swept by all the pistons of a 𝑑𝑣 𝜋

(ii) 𝑑𝑟 = 2 (75 − 3𝑟 2 )
piston engine. The piston moves inside the 𝑑2 𝑣 𝜋
(iii) a) 𝑑𝑟 2 = 2 (0 − 6𝑟)
cylinder bore. The cylinder bore in the form
𝑑2 𝑣
of circular cylinder open at the top is to be 𝑑𝑟 2
= −3𝜋𝑟
made from a metal sheet of area 75𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 𝑑𝑣
=0
𝑑𝑟
𝜋
(75 − 3𝑟 2 ) = 0
2

75 = 3𝑟 2
𝑟 2 = 25
𝑟 = 5 (radius can not be negative)
𝑑2 𝑣
𝑟 = 5, 𝑑𝑟 2 = −3𝜋(5) < 0
75−𝑟 2
b) ℎ = ∴𝑟=5
2𝑟

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75 − 25 50 𝐴"(50) = −4 < 0
ℎ= = =5
10 10
 𝑥 = 50 is maximum point.
ℎ = 𝑥
𝐴(50) = 200(50) − 2(50)2
ℎ > 𝑟 is false because ℎ = 𝑥
= 10000 − 2(2500)
8. Sooraj’s father wants to construct a
= 10000 − 5000
rectangular garden using a brick wall on one
= 5000
side of the garden and wire fencing for the
 The maximum value = 5000 at 𝑥 = 50
other three sides as shown in the figure. He
has 200 meters of fencing wire
9. The use of electric vehicles will curb air
pollution in the long run. The use of electric
vehicles is increasing every year and
estimated electric vehicles in use at any
time t is given by the function V:

Based on the above information, answer the 1 3 5 2

𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑡 − 𝑡 + 25 𝑡 − 2
following questions : 5 2
Where t represents the time and t = 1, 2, 3, …
(i) Let ‘𝑥’ meters denote the length of the side
corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003,…
of the garden perpendicular to the brick wall
respectively.
and ‘𝑦’ meters denote the length of side
parallel to the brick wall. Determine the
relation representing the total length of fencing
wire and also write 𝐴(𝑥), the area of the garden.
(ii) Determine the maximum value of 𝐴(𝑥).
Solution:
(i) Given 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200
𝑦 = 200 − 2𝑥 Based on the above information, answer the
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑦 following questions:
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝑥(200 − 2𝑥) (i) Can the above function be used to
2
𝐴(𝑥) = 200𝑥 − 2𝑥 estimate number of vehicles in the year
′ (𝑥)
(ii) 𝐴 = 200 − 4𝑥 2000? Justify.
𝐴"(𝑥) = −4 < 0
(ii) Prove that the function 𝑉(𝑡) is an
′ (𝑥)
𝐴 =0 increasing function
200 = 4𝑥
Solution:
𝑥 = 50
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1 5
(i) Given 𝑣(𝑡) = 5 𝑡 3 − 2 𝑡 2 + 25𝑡 − 2

𝑡=0
𝑣(0) = 0 − 0 + 0 − 2 = −2
The number of vehicles can not negative.
 The given function 𝑣(𝑡) can not be used.
1 5
(ii) 𝑣 ′ (𝑡) = 5 (3𝑡 2 ) − 2 (2𝑡) + 25
3
= 5 𝑡 2 − 5𝑡 + 25
1
= 5 [3𝑡 2 − 25𝑡 + 125]
3
= 5 [𝑡 2 −
25
𝑡+
125
] (i) Find the relation between x and y, where x
3 3

3 25 25 2 25 2 125
is the distance of the shadow at P from the point
2
= 5 [𝑡 − 𝑡+(6) −(6) + ]
3 3 Q and y is the height of the sandbag above the
2
3 25 625 125 ground.
= [(𝑡 − ) − + ]
5 6 36 3 (ii) After how much time will the sandbag be
2
3 25 −625 + 1500 35 metres above the ground?
= [(𝑡 − ) + ]
5 6 36
(iii) (a) Find the rate at which the shadow of
3 25 2 875
𝑣 ′ (𝑡) = 5 [(𝑡 − ) + ]>0 ∀𝑡 the sandbag is travelling along the ground
6 36
when the sandbag is at a height of 35 meters.
 𝑣(𝑡) is increasing function.
(OR)
(b) How fat is the height of the sandbag
10. A sandbag is dropped a balloon at a height
decreasing when 2 seconds have elapsed?
of 60 metres. When the angle of elevation of
Solution:
the sun is 30, the position of the sandbag is
𝑦
given by the equation (i) tan 30 = 𝑥

𝑦 = 60 − 4.9 𝑡 2 , where y is the height of the 1 𝑦

=𝑥
√3
sandbag above the ground and t is the time
𝑥 = √3𝑦
in seconds.
(ii) Given 𝑦 = 60 − 4.9 𝑡 2
On the basis of the above information, answer
 Given 𝑦 is the height of the sand bag.
the following questions :
 𝑦 = 35 𝑚
35 = 60 − 4.9 𝑡 2
−25 = −4.9𝑡 2
25 250
𝑡 2 = 4.9 = 49

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𝑡=
5√10
𝑠𝑒𝑐 (i) Determine the number of units (x) that
7
should be sold to maximise the revenue
(ii) 𝑦 = 60 − 4.9 𝑡 2
𝑥 𝑅(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑝(𝑥). Also verify the result.
= 60 − 4.9𝑡 2 𝑥 = √3𝑦
√3 (ii) What rebate in price of calculator should
2 𝑥
𝑥 = 60√3 − 4.9√3 𝑡 =𝑦 the store give to maximise the revenue?
√3
𝑑𝑥
= 0 − 4.9√3 (2𝑡) Solution:
𝑑𝑡
𝑥
= −9.8√3 𝑡 (i) Given 𝑃(𝑥) = 450 − 2

Given 𝑡 =
5√10 Revenue 𝑅(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥)
7
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 5√10 −49.√30 𝑅(𝑥) = 𝑥 (450 − 2)
= −9.8√3. =
𝑑𝑡 7 7
𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑅(𝑥) = 450𝑥 −
= −7√30 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡
2𝑥
(iii) b) 𝑦 = 60 − 4.9𝑡 2 𝑅 ′ (𝑥) = 450(1) − = 450 − 𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= −9.8 𝑡 𝑅"(𝑥) = −1 < 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑅 ′ (𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑦 5√10
= −9.8 ( ) = −19.6 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 7 450 − 𝑥 = 0
Height of the sand bag is decreasing at rate is 𝑥 = 450
19.6 m/s. Revenue is maximum when 𝑥 = 450 units are
sold.
11. A store has been selling calculators at Rs.
350 each. A market survey indicates that a (ii) 𝑥 = 450
reduction in price (p) of calculator increases Given 𝑃 = 450 − 2
𝑥

the number of units (x) sold. The relation 450

𝑃 = 450 −
between the price and quantity sold is given 2

𝑥 = 450 − 225
by demand function 𝑝 = 450 − 2
𝑃 = 225
 Rebate = 350 − 225 = 125
125 r calculator.

12. The traffic police has installed Over Speed

Violation Detection (OSVD) system at
various locations in a city. These cameras
Based on the above information, answer the
can capture a speeding vehicle from a
following questions
distance of 300 m and even function in the

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dark. A camera is installed on a pole at the 𝑑 −5
= 𝑥 2 +25
𝑑𝑥
height of 5 m. It detects a car travelling away 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑥
(iii) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 . 𝑑𝑡
from the pole at the speed of 20 m/s. At any
𝑑𝑥
point, x m away from the base of the pole, Given 𝑥 = 50 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 = 20 𝑚/𝑠

the angle of elevation of the speed camera 𝑑 −5

= 2 . (20)
𝑑𝑡 𝑥 + 25
from the car C is .
−5
= (50)2 +25 . (20)
−100 100
= 2500+25 = − 2525
20 4
= 505 = − 101
𝑑 3
b) Given 𝑑𝑡 = 101 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠, 𝑥 = 50 𝑚
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥 . 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
3 5 𝑑𝑥
= − 𝑥 2 +25 . 𝑑𝑡
101
On the basis of the above information, answer 3 −5 𝑑𝑥
= 2500+25 . 𝑑𝑡
101
the following questions :
3 −5 𝑑𝑥
= 2525 . 𝑑𝑡
(i) Express  in terms of height of the camera 101
3 −1 𝑑𝑥
installed on the pole and 𝑥 101
= 505 . 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃
(ii) Find 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑥 − 505 =
𝑑𝑥
101 𝑑𝑡
(iii) (a) Find the rate of change of angle of 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑡 = −15
elevation with respect to time at an instant
The speed of the car is 15 m/sec.
when the car is 50 m away from the pole.
(OR)
20. Over speeding increases fuel consumption
(iii) (b) If the rate of change of angle of
and decreases fuel economy as a result of
elevation with respect to time of another car at
tyre rolling friction and air resistance.
a distance of 50 m from the base of the pole is
While vehicles reach optimal fuel economy
3
rad/s, then find the speed of the car.
101 at different speeds, fuel mileage usually
Solution: decreases rapidly at speeds above 80

(i) tan 𝜃 = 𝑥
5 km/h. The relation between fuel

5 consumption F (l/100 km) and speed V

 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
(km/h) under some constraints is given as
𝑑 1 5
(ii) 𝑑𝑥 = 25 − 𝑥2 𝑉2 𝑉
1+ 2
𝑥
𝐹 = 500 − 4 + 14.
𝑥2 5
= 𝑥 2 +25 (− 𝑥 2 )
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 𝑣 = 62.5 is minimum point.
Speed 𝑣 = 62.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ.
𝑑𝐹 𝑣 1
(b) 𝑑𝑣 = 250 − 4
𝑣 1
−0.01 = 250 − 4
1 1 𝑣
− 100 + 4 = 250
On the basis of the above information, answer −1+25
= 250
𝑣
100
the following questions : 24 𝑣
= 250
(i) Find F, when V = 40 km/h 100
𝑣
𝑑𝐹 12 = 5
(ii) Find .
𝑑𝑉
𝑣 = 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
(iii) (a) Find the speed V for which fuel
𝑣2 𝑣
consumption F is minimum. 𝐹 = 500 − 4 + 14

(OR) =
(60)2
−
60
+ 14
500 4
(b) Find the quantity of fuel required to travel 3600
= − 15 + 14
𝑑𝐹 500
600 km at the speed V at which = −0.01.
𝑑𝑉 36 31
= −1=
Solution: 5 5

 The required quantity fuel of

𝑣2 𝑣
(i) 𝐹 = 500 − 4 + 14 31 𝑙
1 𝑘𝑚 = . 𝑘𝑚
𝑣 = 40 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 5 100
(40)2 40 Quantity of fuel required to
𝐹= − 40 + 14
500 31 𝑙
1600
600 𝑘𝑚 = 600 𝑥 𝑥 100
5
= − 10 + 14
500 186
16 36
= = 37.2 𝑙
5
= +4=
5 5
21. A rectangular visiting card is to contain 24
36 𝑙
𝐹= . 100 sq.cm of printed matter. The margins at the
5
𝑑𝐹 2𝑣 1
(ii) 𝑑𝑣 = 500 − 4 top and bottom of the card are to be 1 cm and
1
𝑑𝐹
= 250 − 4
𝑣 1 the margins on the left and right are to be 1 2
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝐹 cm as shown below :
(iii) 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑣 1
−4=0
250
𝑣 1
=4
250
250
𝑣= = 62.5
4
𝑑2 𝐹 1
= 250 > 0
𝑑𝑣 2

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On the basis of the above information, answer 9. Differential Equation
the following questions : 1. An equation involving derivatives of the

(i) Write the expression for the area of the dependent variable with respect to the

visiting card in terms of x. independent variables is called a differential

(ii) Obtain the dimensions of the card of equation. A differential equation of the form
𝑑𝑦
minimum area. = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is said to be homogeneous if
𝑑𝑥

Solution: 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is a homogeneous function of degree

(i) Let 𝑥, 𝑦 be the length & breadth of the zero, whereas a function 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is a

printed area of the card. homogeneous function of degree n if 𝐹(𝜆𝑥,

Area = 24 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆𝑛 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦). To solve a homogeneous

𝑥𝑦 = 24 . . . . (1) differential equation of the type

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Length = 𝑥 + 3 = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑔 (𝑥 ), we make the
𝑑𝑥
Breadth = 𝑦 + 2 substitution 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 and then separate the
Area 𝐴(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑦 + 2) variables.
 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6 Based on the above information, answer the
24
𝐴(𝑥) = 24 + 2𝑥 + 3 ( 𝑥 ) + 16 following questions :
72 (i) Show that (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 is
 𝐴(𝑥) = 30 + 2𝑥 + +6
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
72
a differential equation of the type = 𝑔 ( ).
′ (𝑥) −2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
(ii) 𝐴 = 2(1) − 𝑥 2 = 2 − 72𝑥
(ii) Solve the above equation to find its general
144
𝐴"(𝑥) = 0 + 144𝑥 −3 = + solution.
𝑥3
′ (𝑥)
𝐴 =0 Solution :
72
2 = 𝑥2 (i) Given : (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 2 = 36 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = ±6 𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 )
=−
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦
144
𝐴"(6) = >0 𝑦2
𝑥 2 (1− 2 )
𝑦 2
−𝑥[1−( ) ]
(6)3 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
=− =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦 2𝑦
144
𝐴"(−6) = − (6)3 < 0 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 ( ) −1
𝑥
=
 𝑥 = 6 is minimum point 𝑑𝑥 𝑦
2( )
𝑥

By (1) 6(𝑦) = 24 (ii) Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥

𝑦=4 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑣(1) + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
 Length = 𝑥 + 3 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑦 𝑣−1
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑣
Breadth = 4 + 2 = 6 𝑐𝑚

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𝑑𝑦 𝑣−1 𝑣 (i) Obtain the general solution of the given
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −1
2𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣−1−2𝑣 2
differential equation and express it as an
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑣 exponential function of ‘t’.
𝑑𝑣 −1−𝑣 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (ii) If population of bacteria is 1000 at𝑡 = 0, and
2𝑣
2𝑣 𝑑𝑥 2000 at 𝑡 = 1, find the value of k.
𝑑𝑣 = −
1+𝑣 2 𝑥
2𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Solution :
∫ 1+𝑣2 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑃
2|
(i) Given = 𝑘𝑃
log|1 + 𝑣 = − log|𝑥| + log 𝑐 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑃 = 𝑘𝑃 𝑑𝑡
log|1 + 𝑣 2 | + log|𝑥| = log 𝑐
𝑑𝑃
log(1 + 𝑣 2 ) 𝑥 = log 𝑐 ∫ = ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
𝑃

(1 + 𝑣 2 )𝑥 = 𝑐 log 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
𝑦2 𝑃 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑡+𝑐
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥 = 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
(ii)
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
.𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑥2 1
t 0
2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥
P 1000 2000

2. A bacteria sample of certain number of Given log 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐

bacteria is observed to grow exponentially in a 𝑡 = 0, 𝑃 = 1000,
given amount of time. Using exponential log 1000 = 0 + 𝑐
growth model, the rate of growth of this sample 𝑐 = log 1000
of bacteria is calculated.
𝑡 = 1, 𝑃 = 2000
The differential equation representing the
log 2000 = 𝑘(1) + log 1000
𝑑𝑃
growth of bacteria is given as = 𝑘𝑃, where log 2000 − log 1000 = 𝑘
𝑑𝑡

P is the population of bacteria at any time ‘t’. 2000

log (1000) = 𝑘

log 2 = 𝑘

10. Vector Algebra

1. Read the following passage and answer the
questions given below:
Based on the above information, answer the Teams 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 went for playing a tug of war game.
following questions: Teams𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶have attached a rope to a metal ring
and is trying to pull the ring into their own area
Team A pulls with force 𝐹1 = 6𝑖̂ + 0 𝑗̂ 𝐾𝑁

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Team B pulls with force 𝐹2 = −4 𝑖̂ + 4 𝑗̂ 𝐾𝑁  Hence B will win the game.
Team C pulls with force 𝐹3 = −3 𝑖̂ − 3 𝑗̂ 𝐾𝑁 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗2 + ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 + 𝐹 𝐹3
⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
|𝐹 | = √2𝐾𝑁

(iii) b) 𝐹 = −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
−1 1
Direction cosine of 𝐹 = { , , 0}
√2 √2
−1
cos 𝛼 =
√2
−1
𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
√2
(i) What is the magnitude of the force of Team A?
−1 𝜋 3𝜋
(ii) Which team will win the game? 𝛼 = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝜋 − 4 =
√2 4

(iii) (a) Find the magnitude of the resultant force The result tone with positive direction of
exerted by the teams. the x-axis.
(OR)
(iii) (b) In what direction is the ring getting 2. An instructor at the astronomical centre
pulled? shows three among the brightest stars in a
Solution : particular constellation. Assume that the
Given telescope is located at O(0, 0, 0) and the
𝐹1 = 6𝑖̂ 𝐹2 = −4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ three stars have their locations at the points
|𝐹1 | = √62 |𝐹2 | = √16 + 16 D, A and V having position vectors 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ +

=6 = √32 4𝑘̂, 7𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ and −3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂

= √16𝑥2 respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the
= 4√2
following questions :
𝐹3 = −3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂
|𝐹3 | = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2
(i) Magnitude of the tone of team
⃗⃗⃗1 | = 6 𝐾𝑁
A = |𝐹

(ii) ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗3 = 3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ = 3(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂)

𝐹1 + 𝐹
⃗⃗⃗1 + ⃗⃗⃗
|𝐹 𝐹3 | = 3√2
⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = 4(−𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (i) How far is the star V from star A?
⃗⃗⃗2 | = 4√2
|𝐹 (ii) Find a unit vector in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐴.
⃗⃗⃗2 | > |𝐹
|𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗1 + ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹3 | (iii) Find the measure of 𝑉𝐷𝐴.

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(OR) 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (
11 √2
)
90
What is the projection of vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝑉 on
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ on 𝐷𝐴
(iii) Projection of 𝐷𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ?
vector𝐷𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .𝐷𝐴
𝐷𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 11 11 √5 11√5
= = 3√5 = 3√5 𝑥 =
Solution : ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
|𝐷𝐴 √5 15

𝑂𝐷 = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂

Given ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
11. Three Dimensional Geometry
𝑂𝐴 = 7𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1. Two motorcycles A and B are running at the
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂
𝑂𝑉
speed more than the allowed speed on the
(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑉 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑉 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 roads represented by the lines
= −3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂ − 7𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ 𝑟 = 𝜆 ( 𝑖̂+2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) and 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂+𝑗̂+ 𝑘̂)
= −10𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ respectively.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑉 = √100 + 4 + 9 = √113 units.
(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷
= 7𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ − 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
𝐷𝐴
𝐷𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Unit vector in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐴 = |𝐷𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |

̂
5𝑖̂+2𝑗̂ +4𝑘 ̂
5𝑖̂+2𝑗̂ +4𝑘
= =
√25+4+16 3√5 Based on the above information, answer the
(iii) Let 𝑉𝐷𝐴 = 𝜃 following questions:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .𝐷𝑉
𝐷𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
cos 𝜃 = |𝐷𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | |𝐷𝑉
(a) Find the shortest distance between the
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
given lines.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
𝐷𝐴
(b) Find the point at which the motorcycles
𝐷𝑉 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑉 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷
may collide.
= −3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂ − 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
Solution :
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂
𝐷𝑉 (i) 𝑟 = (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √25 + 4 + 16 = 3√5
|𝐷𝐴 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √25 + 16 + 49 = √90 = 3√10
|𝐷𝑉 𝑎1 = 0𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂ + 0𝑘̂,
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝐷𝑉
𝐷𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −25 + 8 + 28 = 11 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 = 3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂,
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏2 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
11
cos 𝜃 = 3√5.3√10 𝑎1 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎2 = 3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂
11
cos 𝜃 = 9√5.√5.√2 = 9𝑥5√2 𝑥
11 √2 𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
√2 ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = |1
𝑏1 𝑥𝑏 2 −1|
11 √2 2 1 1
cos 𝜃 = 90
= 𝑖̂(2 + 1) − 𝑗̂(1 + 2) + 𝑘̂(1 − 4)

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= 3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂

|(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )|.|(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 𝑥𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )|
Distance = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑏1 𝑥𝑏2 |⃗⃗⃗⃗

(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗1 𝑥𝑏
𝑎2 ). (𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) = 9 − 9 = 0

Distance = 0
𝑥−0 𝑦−0 𝑧−0 𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧−0
(ii) = = = =
1 2 −1 2 1 1
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= = −1 =  (say)
1 2

(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (, 2, −) . . . . . (1)

𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧 On the basis of the above information, answer the
= =1=
2 1
following questions :
𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧
= = =
2 1 1 (i) Identify and write all the constraints which
𝑥 = 2 + 3 , 𝑦=+3, 𝑧= determine the given feasible region in figure.
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2 + 3,  + 3, ) . . . . (2) (ii) If the objective is to minimize cost Z = 16x +
from (1) & (2) 20y, find the values of x and y at which cost is
 = 2 + 3, 2 =  + 3, − =  minimum. Also, find minimum cost assuming that
 − 2 = 3 minimum cost is possible for the given unbounded
− − 2 = 3  −  = −1  = 1 region.
−3 = 3 Solution :
 = −1 (i) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8 ;
The point of intersection (1, 2, −1) 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 28;
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10 ; 𝑥≥0, 𝑦≥0
12. Linear Programming (ii) Corner Point Minimum cost
1. The month of September is celebrated as the
𝑧 = 16𝑥 + 20𝑦
Rashtriya Poshan Maah across the country.
𝐴(10, 0) 𝑧 = 160
Following a healthy and well-balanced diet is
𝐵(2, 4) 𝑧 = 16(2) + 20(4)
crucial in order to supply the body with the
= 32 + 80 = 112
proper nutrients it needs. A balanced diet also
𝐶(1, 5) 𝑧 = 16(1) + 20(5)
keeps us mentally fit and promotes improved
= 16 + 100 = 116
level of energy. A dietician wishes to minimize
𝐷(0,8) 𝑧 = 16(0) + 20(8)
the cost of a diet involving two types of foods,
food X (x kg) and food Y (y kg) which are = 160

available at the rate of ₹16/kg and ₹20/kg  The minimum cost is 112 at B(2, 4)
respectively. The feasible region satisfying the
constraints is shown in Figure.
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13. Probability 𝑥 = 14, 15, 16, 17, 19
2. In a group activity class, there are 10 students (iii) a)
whose ages are 16, 17, 15, 14, 19, 17, 16, 19, 16 𝑥 14 15 16 17 19
and 15 years. One student is selected at random
1 2 3 2 2
such that each has equal chance of being chosen 𝑃(𝑥 = 𝑥)
10 10 10 10 10
and age of the student is recorded.

Mean = ∑ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
= 14 𝑃(𝑥 = 14) + 15𝑃(𝑥 = 15) + ⋯ +
19𝑃(𝑥 = 19)
1 2 3 2
= 14 ( ) + 15 ( ) + 16 ( ) + 17 ( )
10 10 10 10
2
On the basis of the above information, answer +19 (10)
the following questions : 14 30 48 34 38 164
= 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = = 16.4
10
(i) Find the probability that the age of the
(iii) b) Let E be the event of age is prime number.
selected student is a composite number.
Let F be the event of greater than 15 years.
(ii) Let X be the age of the selected student. 𝐸 𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹) 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹)
𝑃 (𝐹 ) = =
What can be the value of X ? 𝑃(𝐹) 𝑛(𝐹)

(iii) (a) Find the probability distribution of 𝐹 = {16, 17, 19}

random variable X and hence find the mean 𝐸 = {17, 19}
age. 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {17, 19}
(OR) 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 2
(iii) (b) A student was selected at random and 𝑛(𝐹) = 3
his age was found to be greater than 15 years. 𝐸 2
𝑃 (𝐹 ) = 3
Find the probability that his age is a prime
number.
3. There are different types of Yoga which
Solution :
involve the usage of different poses of Yoga
(i) Composite number
Asanas, Meditation and Pranayama as shown
= {16, 15, 14, 16, 16, 15}
in the figure below :
𝑛(𝑠) = 10
The Venn diagram below represents the
6 3
P (Composite Number) = 10 = 5 probabilities of three different types of Yoga,
(ii) Student ages are 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, A, B and C performed by the people of a
19, 19 society. Further, it is given that probability of
𝑥 take the value a member performing type C Yoga is 0·44.

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On the basis of the above information, answer 4. Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of
the following questions : the world population is left handed.
(i) Find the value of 𝑥 Depending upon the parents, the chances of
(ii) Find the value of 𝑦 having a left handed child are as follows :

(iii) (a) Find 𝑃 (𝐵)

𝐶 A : When both father and mother are left
handed :
(OR)
(iii) (b) Find the probability that a randomly Chances of left handed child is 24%.

selected person of the society does Yoga of B : When father is right handed and mother

type A or B but not C. is left handed :

Chances of left handed child is 22%.
C : When father is left handed and mother is
right handed :
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D : When both father and mother are right
handed :
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
Solution :
(i) 𝐴(𝑐) = 0.44
𝑥 + 0.21 = 0.44
𝑥 = 0.44 − 0.21 = 0.23
(ii) 𝑛(𝑆) = 1
Assuming that 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶) =
0.32 + 0.09 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 0.21 + 0.11 = 1
1
𝑦 + 0.23 + 0.73 = 1 𝑃(𝐷) = and L denotes the event that child
4

𝑦 + 0.96 = 1 is left handed. Based on the above

𝑦 = 0.04 information, answer the following questions :
𝐶 𝑃(𝐶∩𝐵) 𝐿 𝐿̅
(iii) a) 𝑃 (𝐵) = (i) Find 𝑃 (𝐶) (ii) Find 𝑃 (𝐴)
𝑃(𝐵)
𝑥 (iii) (a) Find P(A/L)
= 0.09+𝑦+𝑥
0.23 0.23
(OR)
= 0.09+0.04+0.23 = 0.36
(b) Find the probability that a randomly
23
= 36 selected child is left handed given that exactly
(iii) b) 𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐶) = 0.32 + 0.09 + 𝑦 one of the parents is left handed.

= 0.32 + 0.09 + 0.04 = 0.45 Solution :

1
Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐷) = 4

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L denoted the event that child is left handed.
𝐿 17
(i) 𝑃 (𝐶) = 17% = 100
𝐼 𝐿
(ii) 𝑃 (𝐴) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝐴)
24 100−24
= 1 − 100 = 100
19
= 25
𝐿 Based on the above information, answer the
𝐴 𝑃(𝐴).𝑃( )
𝐴
(iii) 𝑃 (𝐿 ) = 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 following questions :
𝑃(𝐴).𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐵).𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐶).𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐷).𝑃( )
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷

1 24 (i) What is the probability that all the workers are

= 4 . 100 present for the job ?
1 24 1 22 1 17 1 9
4 . 100 + 4 . 100 + 4 . 100 + 4 . 100 (ii) What is the probability that construction will
24 24
= 24+22+17+9 = 72 be completed on time ?
1 (iii) (a) What is the probability that many workers
=3
are not present given that the construction work is
(iii) b) P (left handed child given that exactly
completed on time ?
one of the parents is left handed)
(OR)
𝐿 𝐿 22 17 39
= 𝑃 (𝐵) + 𝑃 (𝐶) = 100 + 100 = 100
(iii) (b) What is the probability that all workers
were present given that the construction job was
5. A building contractor undertakes a job to completed on time ?
construct 4 flats on a plot along with parking Solution :
area. Due to strike the probability of many
Given
construction workers not being present for the
E1  workers are not present for the job.
job is 0·65. The probability that many are not
E2  workers are present for the job.
present and still the work gets completed on
E  represent completely the construction
time is 0·35. The probability that work will be
work on time.
completed on time when all workers are
(i) 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 1 − 0.65 = 0.35
present is 0·80.
𝐸 𝐸
Let : E1 : represent the event when many (ii) 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 𝑃 (𝐸1 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃 (𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2

workers were not present for the job; 𝐴

𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 0.65 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.35
1
E2 : represent the event when all workers were 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 0.35 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.80
present; and 2

E : represent completing the construction work 𝑃(𝐸) = (0.65) (0.35) + (0.35)(0.80)

on time. = 0.35 (0.65 + 0.80)
= 0.35 (1.45) = 0.5075  0.51

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𝐸
𝐸1 𝑃(𝐸1 ).𝑃(
𝐸1
) of processed form. If the form selected at
(iii) a) 𝑃 ( 𝐸 ) = 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( ) random has an error, find the probability that
𝐸1 𝐸2

(0.65)(0.35) 0.65 0.65 the form is not processed by James.

= (0.65)(0.35)+(0.35)(0.80) = 0.65+0.80 = 1.45
65 13
(OR)
= 145 = 29
(iii) (b) Let E be the event of committing an
𝐸
𝐸 𝑃(𝐸2 ).𝑃( ) error in processing the form and
𝐸1
b) 𝑃 ( 𝐸2 ) = 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2 letE1 , E2 , and E3 be the events that James,
(0.35)(0.80) 0.80 80 16
= (0.65)(0.35)+(0.35)(0.80) = 1.45 = 145 = 29 Sophia and Oliver processed the form. Find the
value of ∑3i=1 P(Ei / E)

6. Read the following passage and answer the Solution :

questions given below: In an Office three Let 𝐸1 - be the event of James forms

employees James, Sophia and Oliver process 𝐸2 - be the event of Sophia form

incoming copies of a certain form. James 𝐸3 - be the event of Oliver form

50 𝐴
processes 50% of the forms, Sophia processes 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 50% = 100 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.06
1
20% and Oliver the remaining 30% of the 20 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 20% = 100 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.04
forms. James has an error rate of 0.06, Sophia 2

30 𝐴
has an error rate of 0.04 and Oliver has an error 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 30% = 100 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.03
3

rate of 0.03. (i) P (Sophia processed the form and committed an

𝐴
error) = 𝑃(𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 )
2

= (0.2). (0.04) = 0.08

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
(ii)𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 ) 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 ) 𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2 3

= (0.5)(0.06) + (0.2)(0.04) + (0.3)(0.03)

= 0.030 + 0.008 + 0.009
= 0.047
Based on the above information, answer the
𝐴
𝐸1 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(
)
following questions. (iii) 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ) =
𝐸1
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 ) 𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3
(i) Find the probability that Sophia processed
(0.5)(0.06) 0.030 30
the form and committed an error. = = 0.047 = 47
0.047
(ii) Find the total probability of committing an ̅𝐸̅̅̅ 𝐸
𝑃 ( 𝐴1 ) = 1 − 𝑃 ( 𝐴1 )
error in processing the form.
30 17
= 1 − 47 = 47
(iii) (a) The manager of the Company wants to
do a quality check. During inspection, he
selects a form at random from the days output 7. The probability that a certain person will buy a
shirt is 0.2, the probability that he will buy a
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trouser is 0.3, and the probability that he will
buy a shirt given that he buys a trouser is 0.4.

Based on the above information, answer the

(i) Find the probability that he will buy both
following questions : If both of them hit the
a shirt and a trouser.
Archery target, then find the probability that
(ii) Find also the probability that he will buy a
(a) exactly one of them earns 10 points.
trouser given that he buys a shirt.
(b) both of them earn 10 points.
Solution :
Solution :
Let A be the event of person will buy a shirt.
Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.8, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.9
Let B be the event of person will buy a trouser.
A and B are independent event.
Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.2 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.3
a) P(exactly one of them earn 10 points)
𝐴
𝑃 (𝐵) = 0.4 = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵)
𝐴
(i) 𝑃 (𝐵) = 0.4 = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅). 𝑃(𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) = 0.8(1 − 0.9) + (1 − 0.8)(0.9)
= 0.4
𝑃(𝐵)
= 0.8(0.1) + (0.2)(0.9)
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.4 𝑥 0.3 = 0.12
= 0.08 + 0.18
𝐵 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0.12
(ii) 𝑃 (𝐴) = = = 0.6 = 0.26
𝑃(𝐴) 0.2

b) P (Both of them earn 10 points)

8. In a game of Archery, each ring of the Archery = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
target is valued. The centermost ring is worth = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)
10 points and rest of the rings are allotted = (0.8). (0.9)
points 9 to 1 in sequential order moving = 0.72
outwards. Archer A is likely to earn 10 points 9. A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds
with a probability of 0·8 and Archer B is likely A1, A2, A3. They are sold in the form of a
the earn 10 points with a probability of 0·9. mixture, where the proportions of these seeds
are 4: 4: 2, respectively. The germination rates
of the three types of seeds are 45%,
60% 𝑎𝑛𝑑 35% respectively.

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coin is unbiased with equal probabilities of
getting head and tail.

Based on the above information:

(i) Calculate the probability that a randomly
Based on the above information, answer the
chosen seed will germinate;
following questions :
(ii) Calculate the probability that the seed is of
(a) If such a coin is tossed 2 times, then find
type A2, given that a randomly chosen seed
the probability distribution of number of tails
germinates
(b) Find the probability of getting at least one
Solution :
head in three tosses of such a coin.
Let 𝐸1 , 𝐸2 , 𝐸3 denote the three type flower.
Solution :
Let A be the event of germinator.
4 𝐴 45
a) 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 10 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100
1 𝑛(𝑠) = 4
4 𝐴 60
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 10 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100 x be the random variable & x takes the value
2

2 𝐴 35 𝑥 = 0, 1, 2
𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 10 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100
3 1 1 1
𝑃(𝑥 = 0)𝑃(𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙) = 2 𝑥 2 = 4
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
(i) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2 3 1 1 1
𝑃(𝑥 = 1)𝑃(𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙) = 2 (2 𝑥 2) = 2
4 45 4 60 2 35
= 10 (100) + 10 (100) + 10 (100)
1 1 1
𝑃(𝑥 = 2)𝑃(𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙) = 2 𝑥 2 = 4
180 240 70
= 1000 + 1000 + 1000
𝑥 : 0 1 2
490 49
= 1000 = 100
1 1 1
𝐴
𝐸2 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(
𝐸2
) 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) : 4
(ii) 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ) = 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 4 2
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3

4 60
𝑥 24 100 24
10 100
= 49 = 100 𝑥 = 49 b)
49
100
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}
7
10. At the start of a cricket match, a coin is tossed P(at least one heat) = 8
and the team winning the toss has the
opportunity to choose to bat or bowl. Such a 11. An octagonal prism is a three-dimensional
polyhedron bounded by two octagonal bases

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and eight rectangular side faces. It has 24 edges = 9𝑃2 + 𝑃
and 16 vertices. 1 2 1
= 9 (10) + 10
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 1 9+10 19
= 100 + 10 = = 100
100
P(X) p 2p 2p p 2p p 2 2p2 7p2+p
(iii) a) 𝑃(𝑥 = 3𝑚), 𝑚𝑁

The prism is rolled along the rectangular faces = 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 6)

and number on the bottom face (touching the = 2𝑃 + 𝑃2
1 1
ground) is noted. Let X denote the number = 2 (10) + 100
obtained on the bottom face and the following 2 1
= 10 + 100
table give the probability distribution of X.
20+1
= 100
21
= 100

b) Mean 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥𝑖 )

= ∑8𝑥=1 𝑥 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
= 1𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + 2𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + ⋯ + 8𝑃(𝑥 = 𝑥)
Based on the above information, answer the
following questions : = 1(𝑃) + 2(2𝑃) + 3(2𝑃) + 4(𝑃) + 5(2𝑃) +

(i) Find the value of p. 6(𝑃2 ) + 7(2𝑃2 ) + 8(7𝑃2 + 𝑃)

(ii) Find 𝑃(𝑋 > 6) = 𝑃 + 4𝑃 + 6𝑃 + 4𝑃 + 10𝑃 + 6𝑃2 + 14𝑃 2 +

(iii) (a) Find 𝑃(𝑋 = 3𝑚), where m is a natural 56𝑃2 + 8𝑃

number. (OR) = 33𝑃 + 76𝑃2

1 1
(b) Find the mean 𝐸(𝑋). = 33 (10) + 76 (100)
Solution : 330+76 406 203
= = 100 =
100 50
(i) ∑8𝑥=1 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1
12. A salesman receives a commission for each
𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) + ⋯ +
sale he makes together with a fixed daily
𝑃(𝑥 = 8) = 1
income. The number of sales he makes in a day
𝑃 + 2𝑃 + 2𝑃 + 𝑃 + 2𝑃 + 𝑃2 + 2𝑃2 +
along with their probabilities are given in the
2
7𝑃 + 𝑃 = 1
table below :
9𝑃 + 10𝑃2 − 1 = 0
X: 0 1 2 3 4 5
10𝑃2 + 9𝑃 − 1 = 0
(10𝑃 − 1)(𝑃 + 1) = 0 P(X) : 0.42 3k 0.3 0.05 2k 0.03
1
𝑃 = 10 , 𝑃 = −1

(ii) 𝑃(𝑥 > 6) = 𝑃(𝑥 = 7) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 8)

= 2𝑃2 + 7𝑃2 + 𝑃
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His daily income Y (in₹) is given by :Y = 800 = 11𝐾 + 0.9
X + 50 [2024 Compartment] = 11(0.04) + 0.9
On the basis of the above information, answer = 0.44 + 0.9
the following questions : 𝐸(𝑥) = 1.34
(i) Find the value of k. Given daily income 𝑦 = 800𝑥 + 50
(ii) EvaluateP(X ≥ 3). Expected daily income = 800(1.34) + 50
(iii) (a) Calculate the expected weekly income = 1122
of the salesman assuming he works five days Expected sales of five days income = 5 𝑥 1122
per week. = 5610
(OR) (OR)
(iii) (b) Calculate the expected weekly income Expected sale of 3 days income = 3 𝑥 1122
of the salesman assuming he works only for = 3366
three days of the week. 13. According to recent research, air turbulence
Solution : has increased in various regions around the
(i) ∑5𝑥=0 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1 world due to climate change. Turbulence
𝑃(𝑥 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + ⋯ + 𝑃(𝑥 = 5) = 1 makes flights bumpy and often delays the
0.42 + 3𝐾 + 0.3 + −0.05 + 2𝐾 + 0.03 = 1 flights. Assume that, an airplane observes
5𝐾 + 0.80 = 1 severe turbulence, moderate turbulence or light
5𝐾 = 0.20 turbulence with equal probabilities. Further,
𝐾 = 0.04 the change of an airplane reaching late to the
(ii) 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 3) = destination are 55%, 37% and 17% due to
𝑃(𝑥 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 4) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 5) severe, moderate and light turbulence
= 0.05 + 2𝐾 + 0.03 respectively.
= 0.08 + 2𝐾
= 0.08 + 2(0.04)
= 0.08 + 0.08
= 0.16
(iii) a) Expected sales per day
𝐸(𝑥) = ∑5𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
= 0𝑃(𝑥 = 0) + 1𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + 2𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + ⋯ + On the basis of the above information, answer

5𝑃(𝑥 = 5) the following questions :

= 0(0.42) + 1(3𝐾) + 2(0.3) + 3(0.05) + (i) Find the probability that an airplane

4(2𝐾) + 5(0.03) reached its destination late.

= 3𝐾 + 0.6 + 0.15 + 8𝐾 + 0.15

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(ii) If the airplane reached its destination late, there is not crash. Let A be the event that
find the probability that it was due to Moderate passengers survive after the journey.
turbulence.
Solution :
(i) Let 𝐸1 be the event of severe turbulence.
Let 𝐸2 be the event of moderate turbulence.
Let 𝐸3 be the event of light turbulence.
Let A be the event of airplane reached its
destination late.
On the basis of the above information, answer
1 𝐴 55
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 𝑃( ) = the following questions:
3 𝐸1 100
1 𝐴 37 (i) Find the probability that the airplane will
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 3 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100
2
not crash.
1 𝐴 17
𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 3 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100
3 (ii) Find P(A |E1 ) + P(A |E2 )
(i) 𝑃(𝐴) = (iii) (a) Find P(A)
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) (OR)
1 2 3

1 55 1 37 1 17
(b) Find P(E2 |A)
= 3 (100) + 3 (100) + 3 (100)
Solution :
109
= 300
Given 𝐸1 be the event of plane crash
𝐴
𝐸 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( ) 𝐸2 be the event of plane not crash
𝐸2
(ii) 𝑃 ( 𝐴2 ) = 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3 Let A be the event of passengers survive after
1 37
. 37 the journey.
3 100
= 109 = 109
300 1 𝐴 95
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 10000000 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 100
1

1 𝐴
14. Airplanes are by far the safest mode of 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 1 − 10000000 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 1
2

transport when the number of transported 9999999

= 10000000
passengers are measured against personal 9999999
(i) 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 10000000
injuries and fatality totals.
𝐴 𝐴
Previous records state that the probability of an (ii) 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃 (𝐸 )
2 2
airplane crash is 0.00001%. Further, there are 95 95+100 195
= 100 + 1 = = 100
100
95% chances that there will be survivors after
𝐴 𝐴
a plane crash. Assume that in case of no cash, (iii) a) ) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2

all travellers survive. Let E1 be the event that 1 95 9999999

= 10000000 100 + 10000000 (1)
there is a plane crash and E2 be the event that 1 95
= 10000000 [100 + 9999999]

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1 95+9999999 (ii) Find the value of k
= 10000000 [ ]
100
9999999995 (iii) (a) Find the mean number of hours spent
= 1000000000
by the student.
𝐴
𝐸 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )
(iv) b) 𝑃 ( 𝐴2 ) =
𝐸2 (OR)
𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2
(iii) (b) Find P (1 < 𝑋 < 6).
9999999
(1)
= 1000000
9999999995
Solution :
1000000000
𝑘𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3
9999999
= 999999995 × 100 (i) Given 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = {2𝑘𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4, 5, 6
999999900 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
= 999999995
𝑥 = 1, 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) = 𝑘(1)2 = 𝑘
𝑥 = 2, 𝑃(𝑥 = 2) = 𝑘(2)2 = 4𝑘
15. Self-study helps students to build confidence
𝑥 = 3, 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) = 𝑘(3)2 = 9𝑘
in learning. It boosts the self-esteem of the
𝑥 = 4, 𝑃(𝑥 = 4) = 2𝑘(4) = 8𝑘
learners. Recent surveys suggested that close
𝑥 = 5, 𝑃(𝑥 = 5) = 2𝑘(5) = 10𝑘
to 50% learners were self-taught using internet
𝑥 = 6, 𝑃(𝑥 = 6) = 12𝑘
resources and upskilled themselves.
A student may spend 1 hour to 6 hours in a day 𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6

in upskilling self. The probability distribution

𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) k 4k 9k 8k 10k 12k
of the number of hours spent by a student is
given below :
kx 2 , for x = 1, 2, 3 (ii) ∑6𝑥=1 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1
P(X = x) = {2kx, for x = 4, 5, 6 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + ⋯ + 𝑃(𝑥 = 6) = 1
0, otherwise
𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 9𝑘 + 8𝑘 + 10𝑘 + 12𝑘 = 1
Where x denotes the number of hours.
44𝑘 = 1
1
𝑘 = 44

(iii) a) Mean = 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑6𝑥=1 𝑥𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)

= (1)(𝑘) + (2)(4𝑘) + 3(9𝑘) + 4(8𝑘) +
5(10𝑘) + 6(12𝑘)
= 𝑘 + 8𝑘 + 27𝑘 + 32𝑘 + 50𝑘 + 72𝑘
Based on the above information, answer the = 190𝑘
following questions : 190 95
= = 22
44
(i) Express the probability distribution given
b) 𝑃(1 < 𝑥 < 6)
above in the form of a probability distribution
= 𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 4) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 5)
table.
= 4𝑘 + 9𝑘 + 8𝑘 + 10𝑘

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4 2 3
= 31𝑘 𝑃(𝐴̅) = 5 𝑃(𝐵̅ ) = 3 𝑃(𝐶̅ ) = 4
31
= 44 P(at least one of the selected)
= 1 - P(none of the selection)
16. Rohit, Jaspreet and Alia appeared for an  𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
interview for three vacancies in the same post. = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶̅ )
1
The probability of Rohit’s selection is , = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶̅ )
5
1 423
Jaspreet’s selection is 3 and Alia’s selection is = 1 − 534

1 2
. The event of selection is independent of each =1−5
4
3
other. =
5
1 1
̅) = 4
(ii) 𝑃(𝐺) = 3 𝑃(𝐻) = 5 𝑃(𝐻 5
𝐺 𝑃(𝐺∩𝐻̅)
𝑃 (𝐻̅) = ̅)
𝑃(𝐻
14
𝑃(𝐺).𝑃(𝐻̅) . 1
35
= ̅)
= 4 =3
𝑃(𝐻
5

(iii) a) P(Exactly one of them selected)

= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶)
Based on the above information, answer the
= 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶̅ ) +
following questions :
𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶)
(i) What is the probability that at least one of 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 2 1
= 5 (3) (4) + 5 (3) (4) + 5 (3) (4)
them is selected?
6 12 8 26 13
̅ ) where G is the event of
(ii) Find P(G|H = 60 + 60 + 60 = 60 = 20
̅ denotes the event
Jaspreet’s selection and H (iii) b) P (Exactly two of them selected)
that Rohit is not selected. = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
(iii) Find the probability that exactly one of = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵̅ )𝑃(𝐶) +
them is selected. 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶)
(OR) 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 1
= 5 (3) (4) + 5 (3) (4) + (5) (3) (4)
(iii) Find the probability that exactly two of 3 2 4
= 60 + 60 + 60
them are selected.
9 3
Solution : = 60 = 20
(i) Let A be the event of Rohit’s selection.
Let B be the event of Jaspreet’s selection. 17. A departmental store sends bills to charge its
Let C be the event of Alia’s selection. customers once a month. Past experience
1 1 1
𝑃(𝐴) = 5 𝑃(𝐵) = 3 𝑃(𝐶) = 4 shows that 70% of its customers pay their first

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month bill in time. The store also found that the = 0.56 + 0.12
customer who pays the bill in time has the = 0.68
𝐴
probability of 0.8 of paying in time next month 𝐸1 𝑃(𝐸1 ).𝑃(
𝐸1
)
(iii) b) 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ) = 𝐴 𝐴
and the customer who doesn’t pay in time has 𝑃(𝐸1 ).𝑃(
𝐸1
)+𝑃(𝐸2 ).𝑃( )
𝐸2
(0.7)(0.8) 0.56 56
the probability of 0.4 of paying in time the next = = 0.68 = 68
0.68
month.
Based on the above information, answer the
following questions :
(i) Let E1 and E2 respectively denote the event
of customer paying or not paying the first
month bill in time. Find P(E1 ), P(E2 ).
(ii) Let a denotes the event of customer paying
second month’s bill in time, then find
P(A|E1 )and P(A|E2).
(iii) (a) Find the probability of customer
paying second month’s bill in time.
(OR)
(iii) (b) Find the probability of customer
paying first month’s bill in time if it is found
that customer has paid the second month’s bill
in time.
Solution :
(i) 𝐸1 be the event of paying the first month bill
in time.
𝐸2 be the event of not paying the first month
bill in time.
70
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 100 = 0.7

𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 1 − 0.7 = 0.3

(ii) Let A be the event of paying second
month’s bill in time.
𝐴 𝐴
𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.8 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = 0.4
1 2

𝐴 𝐴
(iii) a) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ). 𝑃 (𝐸 )
1 2

= (0.7)(0.8) + (0.3)(0.4)
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