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post lab report 3

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2023492102
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CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

DK014

NAME : PUTERI NUR ERYN AFRYNA BINTI FARIZ ZAFRAN


NO. OF EXPERIMENT :3
DATE OF EXPERIMENT :08.09.2021
PRACTICUM : DFP6
LECTURER’S NAME : PUAN MIMI AZARINA BT AHMAD BARAI

Title Quantitative Analysis Of Baking Soda

Objective(s) - To determine the percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3in baking soda sample.
-To acquire the correct techniques of titration

Theory Quantitative analysis have many applications in everyday life for example, to determine the
amount of acid in the vinegar, alcohol in wine or carbon dioxide in soft drinks.

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a solution using


another solution with a known solution.

Titration also can be used to determine the percentage of the content in any sample of a
solution such as baking soda solution.

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is used as the standard solution while methyl orange is use as the
indicator. At the end point, methyl orange will change from yellow to red.
The acid- carbonate reaction is
𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝐼 (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝐼(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2𝑂(𝐼) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔)

The reaction can be used to determine the amount of acid that reacts with a known amount of
carbonate.The end point is determined using a suitable indicator.

Procedure(s) A complete report of the method, written in passive sentences


1. 1.4500 - 1.500 g of baking soda sample was accurately weighed in a clean dry 50ml
beaker
2. Approximately 20ml of distilled water was added into the beaker. Stir until all solid
were dissolved.
3. The resulting solution was poured into a 250ml volumetric flask
4. The beaker was rinsed with distilled water and pour it into the flask
5. Distilled water was added up to graduated mark of the volumetric flask
6. Stopper and shake the flask until the solution is homogeneous
7. 25 ml of the solution was pipette into a 250ml conical flask and 2 drops of methyl
orange were added
8. The solution with standard solution HCI was titrate
9. For the first titration, the HCI solution was dispensed slowly until the yellow solution
changed to orange colour permanently. That was the endpoint.
10. The final reading was recorded and the difference between the final and initial reading
was the gross volume
11. The titrations were repeated 3 times.In the subsequent titrations,dispense the solution
quickly up to a few milliliters from the endpoint.Titrate a drop at a time until the
endpoint was reached.

Results / (A) Analysis of baking soda sample


Observations
Mass of baking soda (solute) = 1.4690 g
Mass of baking soda solution = 250ml

Burette Gross i ii iii


reading/ 𝑚𝑙

Final Reading 12.40 24.30 36.20 48.00

Initial Reading 0.00 12.40 24.30 36.20

Volume of 12.40 11.90 11.90 11.80


HCI

11.90+11.90+11.90
Average volume of HCl =
3
= 11.85 ml

Calculation 1. Calculate the number of mole of HCl needed to react with 25 mL of baking soda solution.

mole of HCL = MV
−3
= 0.1 (11.85 x 10 )
−3
= 1.185 x 10 mol HCI

2. The active constituent of baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3. Write the
equation of the reaction between NaHCO3 and HCl.
𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐻𝐶𝐼 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝐼 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻20

3. Calculate the number of moles of NaHCO3 in

a) 25 mL of the baking soda solution

from equation,

mole of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3= mole of HCL

−3
= 1.185 x 10 mol 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3

b) the original solution in the volumetric flask


−3 250
mole of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3in 250 ml solution = 1.185 x 10 x 25

−2
= 1.185 x 10 mol

4. Calculate the mass of NaHCO3 in the original solution.

= mole x molar mass


−2
= 1.185 x 10 x 84 g/mol

= 0.9954 g

5. Calculate the % by mass of NaHCO3 in baking soda.

0.9954 𝑔
x 100%
1.4690𝑔

= 67.76 %

Conclusion The percentage by mass of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3in baking soda is 67.76 %

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