LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Home made soil moisture sensor ..............................................................................05

Figure 2.2 schematic of an electrical resistance block and meter.............................................. 06

Figure 2.3 diagram of transiometer ...........................................................................................08

Figure 2.4 transiometer installation…………………………………………………………….............................08

Figure 2.5 YL-69 sensor...............................................................................................................09

Figure 2.6 YL-69 PCB ............................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.7 AVR microcontroller................................................................................................ 12

Figure 2.8 Different types of arduino ...................................................................................... 13

Figure 2.9 Arduino uno...................................................................................................………..14

Figure 2.10 Atmega 328…………………………………………………........................................................ 17

Figure 2.11 block diagram of Atmega 328…………………….......................................................... 18

Figure 2.12 Atmega 328 microcontroller pin configuration .......................................................19

Figure 2.13 LCD (16X2)............................................................................................................... 22

Figure 2.14water pump..............................................................................................................24

Figure 2.15 5VDC Coil Relay ......................................................................................................25

Figure 2.16 Inside a SPST relay ...................................................................................................26

Figure 2.17 Simple relay interfacing ............................................................................................26

Figure 2.18 SPDT Relay…………………………………………………….......................................................... 26

Figure 3.1 Arduino Uno .................................................................................................................29

Figure 3.2 YL-69 Connection to arduino board ............................................................................. 31

Figure 3.3 LCD Connection to arduino board .............................................................................. .32

Figure 3.4 Relay interfacing of arduino to the 240VAC pump ..................................................... 33

Figure 3.5 Printed Circuit Board design .........................................................................................34

Figure 3.6 Circuit with all the components and parts ...................................................................35

Figure 3.7 The program flow diagram………………………………......................................................... 37

Figure 3.8 final hardware circuit………………………………………………………………………………………………..38

 LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 YL-69 specifications .................................................................................................... 10

Table 2.2 arduino uno specification .............................................................................................14

Table 2.3 LCD Pin configuration .................................................................................................... 23

Table 3.1 Important pins in arduino............................................................................................ 30

Table 3.2 Selected pins on arduino ...............................................................................................30

Table 3.3 YL-69 PCB pins ............................................................................................................... 31

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1Brief Background ...................................................................................................................2

1.2Types of irrigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………..........2

1.3 Problem statement .............................................................................................................. 3

1.4 Main objectives ....................................................................................................................3

1.5 project justification………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3

1.6 Project scope.....................................................................................................................….3

1.7 Project organization.............................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER 2: COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Sensors..................................................................................................................................5

2.1.1 Soil moisture sensors .........................................................................................................5

2.1.2 Types of Soil Moisture ........................................................................................................5

2.1.3 Sensor Selection .................................................................................................................10

2.1.4 Sensor Calibration ..............................................................................................................11

2.2 Microcontroller......................................................................................................................11

2.2.1 Types of Microcontrollers...................................................................................................12

2.2.2 Arduino ..............................................................................................................................12

2.2.3 Types of arduino boards.....................................................................................................12

2.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)...................................................................................................14

2.4 Automatic switching circuits .................................................................................................20

2.4.1 Relay switching circuit .......................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 3: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Hardware design ............................................................................................................. …..29

3.1.1 Control Unit: ATMega328 microcontroller on arduino platform ......................................29

3.1.2 Sensing Unit: ................................................................................................................……30

3.1.3 YL-69 soil moisture sensor connection to arduino ......................................................……30

3.1.4 output units ......................................................................................................................31

3.1.5 printed circuit board (PCB).......................................................................................……….33

3.2 software design....................................................................................................................35

3.3 program pseudo code...........................................................................................................36

CHAPTER 4: FUTURE SCOPE

4 .1 future work…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……39

4 .2 conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39

4.2 references..............................................................................................................................41

CHAPTER 5: APPENDIX

5.1 Appendix................................................................................................................................43
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

SMS –Soil Moisture Sensor

VWC -Volumetric Water Content

TDR -Time Domain Reflectometry

FDR -Frequency Domain Reflectometry

RDAC -Resistive Digital-To-Analog Converters

PIC -Programmable Interface Controllers

LCD -Liquid crystal Display

ADC -Analog to Digital Converter

DAC –Digital to Analog Converter

LED -Light Emitting Diode

SPST -Single Pole Single Throw

SPDT - Single Pole Double Throw

DPST -Double Pole Single Throw

PCB –Printed Circuit Board

 ABSTRACT
In crop production a healthy water balance is essential for high quality yields. Under-watered crops
suffer from nutrient deficiencies while over-watered plants are more susceptible to diseases pressure
and can in some cases lead to root death through suffocation. Also over-watered plants are not able to
withstand dry spells during dry season.

The aim of this project is to use control engineering principles and concepts to provide a microcontroller
based irrigation system. The system will help in saving money and water and at the same time increasing
crops production. The automated irrigation system is controlled using ATmega328 micro controller
based on arduino platform. The system is programmed via the microcontroller to give interrupt signal to
the irrigation system (drip, sprinkler, ditch etc) depending on the soil moisture levels. The soil
moisture/humidity levels are checked using soil moisture sensor. Whenever there is a change in
moisture/humidity in the soil this sensor senses the change and gives an interrupt signal to the micro-
controller and thus the watering system is activated or deactivated.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Mr. Raj Kumar Mistri for their guidance and constant supervision as well as
for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in this project. We
deeply express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department Mr. Raj Kumar Mistri for encouraging and
allowing us to present the project on the topic “AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM” at our department
premises.

We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents and family members for their kind co-
operation and encouragement which help us in this project. We would like to express our special
gratitude and thanks to our friends for their support.

Madhupriya kumara Singh (Roll: 1503033)