AEC report

Title: Contemporary Indian Wildlife and
Biodiversity Issues
NAME – SIDDHARTH TYAGI
COURSE – BCOM (PROGRAMME)
SECTION- A
ROLL NO. - 1020
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Loss of Habitat and Fragmentation
3. Human-Wildlife Conflict
4. Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade
5. Climate Change and Its Impact
6. Invasive Species
7. Conservation Efforts and Future Directions
8. Recommendation
9.Pollution and habitat degradation
10.Role of technology in conservation
11. International Collaborations and Agreements
12. Conclusion
1. Introduction
India, with its diverse geography and climate, harbours a rich variety of flora
and fauna, making it one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. However,
contemporary Indian wildlife faces numerous challenges that threaten its
survival and ecological balance. This report delves into some of the most
pressing issues confronting Indian wildlife today.
2. Loss of Habitat and Fragmentation

The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats are among the most significant
threats to Indian wildlife. Rapid urbanization, agricultural expansion, industrial
development, and infrastructure projects have led to widespread deforestation
and habitat destruction. Forests, grasslands, wetlands, and coastal areas are
being cleared or degraded at an alarming rate, fragmenting habitats and
isolating populations. This fragmentation disrupts ecological processes, reduces
genetic diversity, and increases the vulnerability of species to extinction.
3. Human-Wildlife Conflict
As human populations expand and encroach upon natural habitats, conflicts
between humans and wildlife escalate. Crop raiding by elephants, depredation
of livestock by carnivores, and attacks on humans by species like tigers and
leopards are common occurrences in many parts of India. These conflicts result
in economic losses, threaten human lives and livelihoods, and lead to
retaliatory killings of wildlife. The challenge lies in finding sustainable solutions
that mitigate conflicts and promote coexistence between humans and wildlife.
4. Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade
Poaching for body parts, such as ivory, rhino horn, and tiger bones, continues
to pose a grave threat to many endangered species in India. The country is also
a hub for the illegal wildlife trade, driven by demand for traditional medicine,
luxury goods, and exotic pets. Despite stringent laws and conservation efforts,
poaching and trafficking persist, fuelled by organized crime syndicates,
corruption, and poverty. Efforts to combat this illicit trade require improved law
enforcement, international cooperation, and community engagement.
5. Climate Change and Its Impact

Climate change is emerging as a significant threat to Indian wildlife and
ecosystems. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme
weather events disrupt habitats, migration routes, and breeding cycles. Coral
reefs are bleaching, glaciers are retreating, and coastal areas are facing
inundation due to sea-level rise. These changes pose challenges for species
adaptation and survival, necessitating proactive conservation measures,
habitat restoration, and climate-resilient planning.
6. Invasive Species
The introduction of invasive species poses a growing threat to native flora and
fauna in India. Species like water hyacinth, African catfish, and Lantana camara
outcompete native species, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity.
Invasive species are often introduced through trade, agriculture, or accidental
transport, and once established, they are challenging to control or eradicate.
Effective management strategies, including early detection, rapid response, and
habitat restoration, are essential for mitigating the impacts of invasive species
on Indian biodiversity.
7. Conservation Efforts and Future Directions
Despite these challenges, India has a long history of conservation efforts aimed
at protecting its wildlife and biodiversity. National parks, wildlife sanctuaries,
and protected areas constitute an essential network for conserving habitats
and safeguarding species. Initiatives like Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and the
National Mission for Clean Ganga focus on flagship species and their habitats,
while community-based conservation projects engage local communities in
conservation efforts. However, to address the root causes of wildlife decline,
there is a need for greater investment in conservation education, sustainable
development, and policy interventions that balance conservation with
economic growth.
8. Recommendations
 Sustainable Development: Promote development models that minimize
environmental impact. Explore eco-tourism and sustainable forestry
practices as alternative income sources for local communities.
 Strengthening Enforcement: Increase forest department budgets, equip
them with advanced technology, and foster stronger collaboration with
local communities for better intelligence gathering. Enact stricter
penalties for wildlife crimes.
 Community Engagement: Educate local communities about the
importance of wildlife conservation. Involve them in conservation efforts
through eco-development initiatives and benefit sharing schemes.
 Public Awareness Campaigns: Raise public awareness about the threats
to wildlife and the consequences of illegal wildlife trade. Promote
responsible eco-tourism practices.
 Research and Monitoring: Invest in scientific research to understand
wildlife populations, habitat dynamics, and the impacts of climate
change. Implement robust monitoring systems to track wildlife trends
and assess the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
9.Pollution and Habitat Degradation
Pollution from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and

plastic waste adversely affects wildlife habitats and
ecosystems. Case studies from urban centres like Delhi
and industrial areas like the Ganges River Basin illustrate
the impact of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. Habitat degradation due to mining activities
and sand mining is also discussed.
10.Role of Technology in Conservation
Advancements in technology, such as remote sensing, GIS, and

camera trapping, have revolutionized wildlife monitoring and
conservation efforts. Case studies showcasing the use of
technology in tracking animal movements, monitoring habitat
change, and combating poaching are presented.
11.International Collaborations and Agreements
International collaborations and agreements play a crucial role

in conserving migratory species and combating transboundary
conservation challenges. India's participation in initiatives like
the Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, and
CITES is examined, along with the benefits of international
cooperation in biodiversity conservation .
12. Conclusion
In conclusion, contemporary Indian wildlife faces multifaceted challenges,

including habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, poaching, climate change, and
invasive species. Addressing these challenges requires integrated approaches
that prioritize conservation, sustainable development, and community
participation. By investing in habitat protection, wildlife management, and
climate resilience, India can preserve its rich biodiversity for future generations
while ensuring the well-being of both humans and wildlife .

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Title: Contemporary Indian Wildlife and

2. Loss of Habitat and Fragmentation

4. Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade

5. Climate Change and Its Impact

7. Conservation Efforts and Future Directions

9.Pollution and Habitat Degradation

Pollution from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and

10.Role of Technology in Conservation

Advancements in technology, such as remote sensing, GIS, and

11.International Collaborations and Agreements

International collaborations and agreements play a crucial role

In conclusion, contemporary Indian wildlife faces multifaceted challenges,

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