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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

VARUVAN VADIVELAN
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DHARMAPURI – 636 703
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
.ne
REG NO
ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS
t
SUBJECT LABORATORY
BRANCH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
YEAR \ SEM III & V

REGULATION 2013

ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

EX PAGE
DATE INDEX MARK SIGN
NO NO

CALIBRATION OF
1.a 2
a) VERNIER CALIPER

1.b b) MICROMETER 3
1.c c) DIAL GAUGE 4
CHECKING DIMENSIONS OF PART USING SLIP
2.a GAUGES 9
a) VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

2.b ww b) VERNIER DEPTH GAUGE 12

3.
w.EMEASUREMENTS OF GEAR TOOTH DIMENSIONS 15

asy
4.a
En
MEASUREMENTS ANGLE USING
a) SINE BAR
21

4.b
4.c
b) SINE CENTER
c) BEVEL PROTRACTOR gin 23
25
4.d d) TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE eer 28

5.
MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS & ing 30
FLATNESS
.ne
6.a
MEASUREMENTS OF THREAD PARAMETERS
a) PROFILE PROJECTOR
34
t
6.b b) FLOATING CARRIAGE MICROMETER 38

SETTING UP OF COMPARATORS FOR

7.a INSPECTION 43
a) PNEUMATIC COMPARATOR
7.b
b) MECHANICAL COMPARATOR 46

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EX INDEX PAGE
DATE MARK SIGN
NO NO

MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE USING

8. 49
THERMOCOUPLE TRAINER

MEASUREMENT OF FORCE USING

9. 52

ww LOAD CELL

MEASUREMENT OF TORQUE USING

10.
w.ETORQUE MEASURING SETUP
55

11.
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BORE DIAMETER MEASUREMENT USING
TELESCOPIC GAUGE
58

12.
En
BORE GAUGE 61

13. gin
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SURFACE FINISH MEASURING EQUIPMENT 65

ing
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ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

OBJECTIVES:

To familiar with different measurement equipments and use of this industry for quality inspection

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Tool Maker’s Microscope

2. Comparator
3. Sine Bar

ww
4. Gear Tooth Vernier Caliper
5. Floating gauge Micrometer

w.E
6. Co ordinate Measuring Machine
7. Surface Finish Measuring Equipment

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8. Vernier Height Gauge

En
9. Bore diameter measurement using telescope gauge
10. Bore diameter measurement using micrometer
11. Force Measurement gin
12. Torque Measurement
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13. Temperature measurement
14. Autocollimator ing
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TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

OUTCOMES
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Ability to handle different measurement tools and perform measurements in quality impulsion

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Ex. No: 1a Date:

CALIBRATION OF
(Vernier Caliper / Micrometer / Dial Gauge)

AIM
To study and calibrate the Vernier caliper, Micrometer, and Dial gauge.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Surface plate

Vernier caliper

ww
Micrometer

Dial gauge

w.E

Slip gauges
SPECIFICATION

asy

Vernier caliper Range: 0-300 ‘mm’ L. C:0.02 ‘mm’

Micrometer

Dial gauge En Range: 0-25 ‘mm’
Range: 0-10 ‘mm’
L. C:0.01 ‘mm’
L. C:0.01 ‘mm’
STUDY gin
1. Vernier Caliper
eer
ing
The Vernier caliper has one ‘L’ shaped frame with a fixed jaw on which Vernier scale is
attached. The principle of Vernier is that when two scale divisions slightly different in sizes can
be used to measure the length very accurately.
.ne
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Fig: VERNIER CALIPER

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Least Count is the smallest length that can be measured accurately and is equal to the
difference between a main scale division and a Vernier scale division.
LEAST COUNT = 1 Main scale division – 1 Vernier scale division
Uses:
• It is used to measure the external diameter, the internal diameter and the length of
the given specimen.
2. Micrometer
The micrometer has an accurate screw having about 10 to 20 threads/cm and revolves in
a fixed nut. The end of the screw is one tip and the other is constructed by a stationary anvil.

ww LEAST COUNT
Pitch scale division
= Pitch scale division / Number of threads
= Distance moved / number of rotation
Uses: w.E
•
• asy
Outside micrometer is used to measure the diameter of solid cylinder.
Inside micrometer is used to measure the internal diameters of hollow cylinders

En
and spheres.

gin
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ing
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Fig: MICROMETER

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3. Dial gauge
The dial gauge has got 2 hands. The short hand reads in mm. One complete revolution of
long hand reads one mm. The plunger of the dial gauge has to be placed on the surface whose
dimension has to be read.
Least Count = One division of the circular scale with long hand.
Uses:
It is used as a mechanical comparator.

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Fig: DIAL GAUGE
4. Slip gauges
They are rectangular blocks hardened and carefully stabilized. The surfaces are highly
polished to enhance wringing. It is used as a reference standard for transferring the dimensions of
unit of length from primary standard. It is generally made up of high carbon, high chromium
hardened steel.
Uses:
• These are accurate and used as comparator.

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5. Surface plate
The foundation of all geometric accuracy and indeed of all dimensional measurement in
workshop is surface plate. It is a flat smooth surface sometimes with leveling screws at the
bottom.
Uses:
• It is used as a base in all measurements
Procedure for Calibration:

1. The range of the instruments is noted down.

2. Within that range, slip gauges are selected.

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3. The measuring instrument is placed on the surface plate and set for zero and the slip
gauges are placed one by one between the measuring points (jaws of the instruments.)

w.E
4. The slip gauge (actual) readings and the corresponding (observed) readings in the
measuring instruments are noted down and tabulated.

asy
FORMULA USED:
En
1) MD = [MSR + (VSC X LC)]
 MD-Measured Dimension gin
 MSR-Main Scale Reading
eer


VSC-Vernier Scale Coincide
LC-Least Count ing
2) ERROR= Slip gauge reading - Measured Dimension
.ne
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TABULATION (Vernier Caliper Using Slip Gauge)

Least Count of vernier = 0.02mm

S.NO Vernier Caliper Reading ‘mm’

Slip gauge reading

1
ww
‘mm’ MSR VSC VSR = VSC X LC MD = MSR + VSR
Error

2 w.E
3
asy
4
5 En
6
7
gi nee
8
r ing
9

10 .ne
t

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TABULATION (Micrometer using Slip gauge)

Least Count of micrometer = 0.01mm

Thimble scale
Main scale Thimble scale
reading(TSR)
Sl. Slip gauge Reading division Measure dimension
=TSD X Least count
No
ww
reading
‘mm’
(MSR) in
‘mm’
(TSD)
‘mm’
in
‘mm’
(MD) in
‘mm’
Error

1 w.E
2
3 asy
4
En
5
6
gi nee
7
8 r ing
9
.ne
10
t

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TABULATION (Dial Gauge using Slip gauge)

Least Count of dial gauge= 0.01mm

Dial gauge reading (mm)
Slip gauge reading
Sl.no Initial valve in Final valve in Error
(mm)
( mm) ( mm)
1
ww
2

3
w.E
4 asy
5 En
gi nee
r ing
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CACULATION:

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GRAPHS

 Slip gauges reading Vs Measured Dimension

 Slip gauge reading Vs Error

Result:
The precision measuring instruments are studied and calibrated.

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

Ex. No: 2a Date:

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

AIM
To determine the height of the given specimen by using Vernier Height gauge.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Vernier Height gauge,

Work piece,

Surface plate.
PROCEDURE
1. Clean the main scale, Vernier scale and measuring jaws of the Vernier Height gauge

ww
2. The vernier height gauge is checked for zero error
3. Place the job in Surface plate.

w.E
4. Place the measuring jaw such that it touches the surface to be measured from the
Smooth surface
asy
5. Measure the main scale reading and Vernier scale coincidence of the Vernier Height
gauge
En
FORMULA
MD = [ MSR + ( VSC X LC ) ] gin
• MD-Measured Dimension
eer
•
•
MSR-Main Scale Reading
VSC-Vernier Scale Coincide ing
• LC-Least Count .ne
t

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ww
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Fig: VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

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TABULATION (Vernier Height Gauge)

Least count = 0.02mm

Vernier Scale
Main scale reading Vernier scale reading Measured Dimension= (MD)
Specimen coincidence
S.NO ( MSR ) ( VSR ) = VSC X LC in
Details ( VSC )
( mm) (mm) ( mm)

1 ww ( mm)

2
3
w.E
4 asy
5
En
gi nee
r ing
.ne
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CALCULATION

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Graph

 Main scale reading Vs Measured Dimension

RESULT

Thus the height of the given Specimen is determined using vernier height gauge.

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

Ex. No:2b Date:

VERNIER DEPTH GAUGE

AIM
To determine the Depth of the given specimen to accuracy using Vernier Depth gauge
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Vernier depth gauge

Surface plate

Work piece

ww
PROCEDURE
1. The depth gauge is checked for Zero error

w.E
2. It is placed on the surface Plate
3. Thus the given specimen is placed on the surface plate

asy
4. The work piece is placed inside the measuring jaw of the instrument

En
5. The main scale reading and vernier scale reading are noted
6. The readings are tabulated.
FORMULA USED gin
MD = [MSR + (VSC X LC)]
eer


MD-Measured Dimension
MSR-Main Scale Reading ing
 VSC-Vernier Scale Coincide
.ne
 LC-Least Count
t

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ww
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En
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Fig: Vernier Depth Gauge
eer
ing
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TABULATION (Vernier Depth Gauge)

Least count = 0.02mm

Main scale reading Vernier Scale Vernier scale reading Measured Dimension =
( MSR ) coincidence ( VSR ) MSR + VSR
Specimen
S. No
Details
ww (mm)
( VSC )

(mm)
VSC X LC

(mm) (mm)

1 w.E
asy
2
En
3
gi nee
4
r ing
5
.ne
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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

CALCULATION

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Graph

 Main scale reading Vs Measured Dimension

RESULT
Thus the Depth of the given Specimen is determined using vernier depth gauge.

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

Ex. No: 3 Date:

MEASUREMENT OF GEAR PARAMETERS USING

GEAR TOOTH VERNIER
AIM
To measure gear parameter by gear tooth Vernier.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Gear tooth Vernier, Gear specimen,(SPUR GEAR),Vernier Caliper.
SPECIFICATION
Gear tooth Vernier Range = Horizontal = 0-40 mm

ww Vertical
L.C
= 0-20 mm
= 0.02 mm
FORMULA
w.E 1. W = NM sin (90/N)

asy
2. d = NM

En ----- 1+ 2/ N − cos(90/ N)

gin
2

3. m = D
-------------
(N+2) eer
4. % ERROR = (Ws – W) / (Ws) ing
.ne
t
Where ,
W = Chordal width of tooth in mm
D = Chordal addendum of gear in mm
M = Module of gear in mm
N = No. of teeth
D = outside Dia in gear in mm
Ws = Standard chordal thickness mm
W = chordal thickness mm

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PROCEDURE
1. The N, D of the given gear block are measured.
2. The module m’ it then calculated.
3. Theoretical values of ‘W’ and‘d’ are computed.
4. Theoretical values of ‘W’ is set in horizontal Vernier scale of gear tooth Vernier and
corresponding actual’ value scale.
5. Theoretical values of ‘c’ is set and ‘W’ is measured along
6. Horizontal scale.
7. This procedure is repeated for 5 teeth and value tabulated.

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Fig: GEAR TOOTH VERNIER

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ww
w.E
asy Fig: NOMENCLATURE OF GEAR

OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF GEAR

En
TRIAL
gin
OUT SIDE DIAMETER ‘D’ mm

GEAR 1
eer GEAR 2

1
ing
2
.ne
3

4
t
5
AVERAGE

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TABULATION

CHORDAL THICKNESS ERROR(%)

(W) STANDARD

ww
NO. OF OUTER
CHORDAL “mm” CHORDAL
SL. TEETH DIAMETER
SPECIMEN Depth d THICKNESS
NO (OD) Ws – W
“mm” Ws

w.E
(N) “mm” = ----------
“mm”
Ws

T1 T2 T3 AVG

asy
1 GEAR 1 En
gi nee
2 GEAR 2
r ing
.ne
t

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CALCULATION

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RESULT
Thus the chordal thickness and addendum of gear is measured using gear tooth Vernier.

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

Ex. No: 4a Date:

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT USING SINE BAR

AIM
To measure the taper angle of the given specimen using sine bar method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Sine bar
 Work Piece
 Surface plate
 Dial gauge with stand

ww
FORMULA:

Sin θ =
ୌ

Where, w.E
୐

asy
H - Height of the slip gauge
L - Distance between the centers

En
θ - Inclined angle of the specimen
PROCEDURE
gin
1. The given component is placed on the surface plate.
eer
2. One roller of sine bar is placed on surface plate and bottom surface of sine bar is seated
on the taper surface of the component.
ing
.ne
3. The combination of slip gauges is inserted between the second roller of sine bar and the
surface plate.
4. The angle of the component is then calculated by the formula given above.
t

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ww
w.E
TABULATION (Sine Bar)

S. No asy
Length of the sine
bar (L)
Height of the combination
of slip gauge
Taper Angle (θ) in

En
“mm” (H) “mm” ‘degree’
1
gin
2
eer
CALCULATION ing
.ne
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RESULT
Thus the angle in the work pieces were Determined using Sine bar
 Angle measured in work piece ,1 =------------------ ‘degree’
 Angle measured in work piece ,2 =------------------ ‘degree’

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Ex. No: 4b Date:

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT USING SINE CENTER

AIM
To measure the taper angle of the given specimen using sine center method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sine Center

Slip gauge

work piece

ww
FORMULA USED

sin ߙ =
௛

PROCEDURE w.E
௅

asy
1. Clean the surface plate, Sine Center and Slip gauges using fine cotton cloth.
2. Place the Job in the smooth flat surface.

En
3. Place the sine bar in such a manner that the Lower surface of the Sine bar.

gin
4. Was uniformly touches the surface whose angle to be measured.
5. Calculate the angle using the Formula

sin ߙ =
௛ eer
Where,
௅
ing
h - Vertical height of the slip gauge
.ne
TABULATION
L - Length of the sine Center
t
Length of the sine Height of the combination of Taper Angle (α) in
S. No
center (L) slip gauge (h)
“mm” “mm” ‘degree’

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ww
w.E Fig: SINE CENTER

CALCULATION
asy
En
gin
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ing
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RESULT
Thus the angle in the work pieces was determined using Sine center.
 Angle measured in work piece, 1 = -----------------------‘degree’
 Angle measured in work piece, 2 = -----------------------‘degree’

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Ex. No: 4c Date:

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT USING BEVEL PROTRACTOR

AIM
To measure the angle in the given work piece using Bevel Protractor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Work piece

Bevel Protractor
PROCEDURE
1. Clean the Bevel protractor with the fine cotton cloth.

ww
2. The work piece whose angle to be measured is placed between the stock and the blade.
3. Note down the main scale reading and Vernier scale coincidence.

w.E
4. Tabulate the readings.
FORMULA
asy
Least count =
୭୬ୣ ୫ୟ୧୬ ୱୡୟ୪ୣ ୢ୧୴୧ୱ୧୭୬

En ୒୭.୭୤ ୢ୧୴୧ୱ୧୭୬ ୭୬ ୴ୣ୰୬୧ୣ୰ ୱୡୟ୪ୣ

ଵ°
=
ଵଶ
× 60
gin
= 5 mins
eer
ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
Fig: BEVEL PROTRACTOR

eer
ing
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TABULATION (Work Piece 1)

Least count = 5 mins

Main scale reading Vernier scale coincidence Vernier Scale reading Total reading = (MSR + VSR)
S.NO (MSR) (VSC) ‘div’ (VSC X LC)

ww
‘deg’ ‘mins’ ‘deg’

2
w.E
3
asy
En
4

5
gi nee
r AVERAGE
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION (Work Piece 2)

Least count = 5 mins

Main scale reading Vernier scale coincidence Vernier Scale reading Total reading = (MSR + VSR)
S.NO (MSR) (VSC) ‘div’ (VSC X LC)

ww
‘deg’ ‘mins’ ‘deg’

2
w.E
3
asy
En
4

5
gi nee
r AVERAGE
ing
.ne
t

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w.E
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RESULT
The angle of the given work piece was measured using Bevel protractor
 Angle of the given work piece1 = --------------------------‘degree’
 Angle of the given work piece2 = --------------------------‘degree’

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 ME 6513 METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY VVIT

Ex. No:4d Date:

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT USING TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE

AIM
To measure the cutting tool parameters of single point cutting tool& screw thread parameters
using tool makers microscope.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Tool maker’s microscope

Work piece
 Single point cutting tool

ww  Screw thread
PROCEDURE
w.E
1. Switch on the main.

asy
2. Switch on the micros scope lights.
3. Select the capacity of the lens for precision operation.

En
4. Place the object on the class table to get the clear image rotate the wheel provided at the
light side.
gin
eer
5. After getting the clear image, locate the crosswire at the initial point on the image.
6. Now note down the micrometer reading.

ing
7. Move the cross wire from initial point to the finial point on the image, which is to be
measured.
8. Note down the micrometer reading, this operation is done by using micrometer. .ne
t
9. Now the different but when the initial and the finial reading i.e. distance traveled object.

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TABULATION (Single Point cutting Tool)

Actual
S. Single Point cutting Initial Final Reading
Reading
No Tool Angle Reading ‘deg’ ‘deg’
‘deg’

1
ww
End cutting edge angle

2 side cutting edge angle

w.E
3 End relief angle
asy
En
gi nee
r ing
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TABULATION (Thread Parameters)

Initial angle Final angle Difference Average

S. No
‘degree’ ‘degree’ ‘degree’ ‘degree’

2
ww
w.E
TABULATION
asy
S. No Dimension to be measured
En
Initial point
‘mm’
Final point
‘mm'
Difference
‘mm’

1 Pitch gi nee
2 Depth
r ing
3 Major Diameter
.ne
4 Minor Diameter
t

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w.E
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En
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Fig: Cutting Tool

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ww
w.E
asy
En
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eer
ing
RESULT
.ne
1. The angle of the given work piece was measured using Tool makers microscope.
 Angle 1 =--------------------------------------------------------- t
 Angle 2 =---------------------------------------------------------
 Angle 3 =---------------------------------------------------------
2. Thus the thread parameters of given screw thread was found using Tool makers
microscope.
 Major diameter of the screw thread = ------------------‘mm’
 Minor diameter of the screw thread = ------------------‘mm’
 Pitch of screw thread = ------------------‘mm’
 Depth of screw thread = ------------------‘mm’
 Angle of screw thread = ------------------‘degree’

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 39

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Ex. No: 5 Date:

MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHTNESS AND FLATNESS

AIM
Measurement of the Straightness and flatness Using Autocollimator
APPARATUS

Autocollimator

Straight edge
FORMULA
Interval Length = L

ww L = (θ/60 X π/180) X F

w.E L = Interval Length (mm)

F = Focal Length (mm)
PROCEDURE
asy
1. Make the distance of 50mm internal on the w/p

En
2. Set the cross wire so that two cross will coincide.

gin
3. Set the mirror so that the cross wire will be visible

eer
4. Move the reflector on next 50mm mark and adjust it to see reflection of crosswire.
5. Take the reading of reflected crosswire deviated or moved up or down. Measure the
distance between two crosswire.
ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
CALCULATION:
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION

ww
Position
(1)
Of w.E
Mean Reading

Auto Colimeter
Difference From
First Reading
Rise (Or ) Fall
Interval Length
‘L’ ( mm )
Cumulative
Rise (Or ) Fall
( mm )
Adjustment To
Bring Both Ends
To Zero (mm)
Errors From
Straight Line
( mm )

asy
o–a
En
a–b gi nee
b–c
r ing
c–d
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
Graph
 Interval length Vs cumulative raise (or) fall

RESULT
Thus Straightness and flatness of the given specimen is measured Using Autocollimator.

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Ex. No: 6a Date:

MEASUREMENT OF THREAD PARAMETERS USING PROFILE

PROJECTOR
AIM
To measure the thread parameter of given screw thread using Profile projector
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Profile projector

Specimen
PARAMETER TO BE MEASURED

ww
Major and Minor diameter

Depth and Pitch of thread

THEORY w.E

Addendum and dedendum.

asy
Minor diameter

En
It is the diameter of an Imaginary co-axial cylinder which would touch the root of
external or internal thread.
Major Diameter
gin
eer
It is the diameter of an imaginary co-axial cylinder which would touch the crest of
external or internal thread.
Depth
ing
.ne
The distance between the crest and root of the thread is called Depth of Thread

t
Pitch of Thread
The distance measured parallel to the axis from a point on a thread to the Corresponding
next point
Addendum
For external thread it is the radial distance between major and pitch cylinders.
Dedendum
For external thread it is the radial distance between the Pitch and Minor cylinders
For internal thread it is the radial distance between major and Pitch cylinders
Helix angle
The helix angle is made by the thread at the pitch line with axis

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PROCEDURE

1. Clean the instrument and its accessories by fine cotton cloth

2. Clamp the specimen in between the jaws present in the profile Projector
3. Switch on the power and adjust the degree of magnification in profile projector
4. The magnification depends upon the distance between the Local plane of the lens and
the screen
5. Bring the specimen image to the screens axis by adjusting the micrometer and rotation
of screen
6. Now the parameters of threads are measured and tabulate the read.

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
Fig: Nomenclature Of Thread

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TABULATION (Taper Angle)

Initial angle Final angle difference Average

S.No
degree degree degree degree

2 ww
w.E
TABULATION (Thread Parameters) asy
En
Sl.no Dimension to be measured
gi
Initial point (B)
mm
nee
Final point (C)
mm
Difference (D)
mm

1
2
PITCH
DEPTH
r ing
3 MAJOR DIAMETER .ne
4 MINOR DIAMTER
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
RESULT
t
Thus the thread parameters of given screw thread was found using profile projector
 Major diameter of the screw = ------------------‘mm’
 Minor diameter of the screw = ------------------‘mm’
 Pitch of screw = ------------------‘mm’
 Depth of screw = ------------------‘mm’
 Angle of thread = ------------------‘degree’

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Ex. No: 6b Date:

MEASUREMENT OF THREAD PARAMETERS USING

FLOATING CARRIAGE MICROMETER
AIM
To measure the major diameter, minor diameter & Effective diameter by using floating
carriage micrometer.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Floating carriage micrometer.

Specimen

ww
Prism

Wire

FORMULA w.E

Cylinder.

asy
En
Major Diameter Measurement:

OD = D+ (RS ~ R)
gin
Where D = Diameter of setting master.
eer
RS = Micro meter reading over setting master.

ing
R = = Micro meter reading over threaded W/P or gauges.

.ne
+ Or – is determined by relative size of master & work piece.

Minor Diameter Measurement:

ID = D- (R ~ RO)
t
Where D = Diameter of setting master.
C = Core or minor diameter of work piece.
RP = Reading over master & prism
R = Reading over thread & prism.
Measurement of effective diameter :
E = T+P
T= D + (RW ~ ROW)

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Where,
E = Effective or pitch diameter.
T = Measured dimension using cylinder.
RW= Reading measured over setting master with wire.
ROW= Reading measured over work piece over wire.

P = (0.86603 * p) – W
W =Mean diameter of cylinder wire used = 1.35 mm
p = Pitch of thread = 2 mm
PROCEDURE

ww
1. The setting master is held b/w center and taken the reading at the diameter say RS
2. The master cylinder is then replaced by a threaded work piece and R is taken.

w.E
3. Take the reading on micrometer and indicator in such a way that radius portion of prism
touches master.

asy
4. The cylinder or wire should be chosen so that when placed b/w the threads, they should

En
contact about halfway down the flanks.

gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION

Sl.no Description Valve(mm)

1 PITCH

2
ww
MAJOR DIAMETER

w.E
3 MINOR DIAMETER
asy
4 EFFECTIVE DIAMETER
En
gi nee
r ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

Fig: NOMENCLATURE
LATURE OF THREAD Fig: TWO WIRE METHOD

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CALCULATION

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

RESULT
Thus, the thread parameters are measured using floating carriage micrometer.

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Ex. No: 7a Date:

SETTING UP OF COMPARATORS FOR INSPECTION

(PNEUMATIC COMPARATOR)

Aim:
To check the machined component with standard dimensioned component using
Pneumatic comparator.
Apparatus Required:

Pneumatic comparator

Air compressor

Ring gauge


Theory: ww
Work piece

w.E
Comparator means compare the product to its standard and find the deviation form the
Standard value.There are different type of comparator to measure various dimensions in

asy
Different method like pneumatic, electric, Mechanical and optical.

Procedure:
En
1. The equipment consists of two setting master for setting lower and Higher value limits
2. One is set to be lower limit let us 01
3. Another is higher limit let us 10. gin
eer
4. Depend upon the pressure variation this to be held and changed in to scale as in microns

ing
5. The variation is brought you by change value in CAL button in the display

.ne
6. Now using above do some specimen on the piece and Check whether they accepted or not.

Fig: PNEUMATIC COMPARATOR LAYOUT

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
Fig: PNEUMATIC COMPARATOR

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TABULATION: (Tolerance Limit= +0.012, -0.012. “mm”)

Least count of Pneumatic comparator = 0.001 ‘mm’

Actual size Pneumatic comparator Tolerance
Specimen Error
Sl.no Ring gauge reading (mm) Limit Result
(mm) (mm)

1 I
ww 26.528

2 II
w.E
26.528
asy
3 III 26.528
En
4 IV 26.528 gi nee
r ing
.ne
t

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CALCULATION:

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

RESULT:
Thus the machined component with standard dimensioned component using
Pneumatic comparator.

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Ex. No: 7b Date:

SETTING UP OF COMPARATORS FOR INSPECTION

(MECHANICAL COMPARATOR)

AIM:
To check the height of the machined component with standard dimensioned component
using Mechanical comparator.
TOOLS REQUIRED:

Slip gauge set

ww
Mechanical comparator

w.E

Surface plate

Work Piece

PROCEDURE: asy
En
1. The slip gauges are built up to the given weight of the component.

gin
2. Dial gauge with stand is placed on the surface plate.
3. The built up gauge is placed under the plunger.
4. The indicator is set to zero. eer
5. The built up gauge is removed.
ing
6. The given machined component is placed under the plunger.
.ne
7. The variation in the height of the component is noted from the reading of the dial.

Dial gauge :
t
Dial gauges divided in two categories, type1 &type2for general engineering purpose

depending upon the movement of the plunger. These are manufactured in two grades, grade a

and grade b, with total plunger movement or lift of 3,5 and 10mm. Type1 dial gauge has the

plunger movement parallel tip the plane of dial and type 2 has the plunger movement

perpendicular to the plane of dial.

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
Fig: Mechanical comparator .ne
t

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TABULATION: (Least count of Mechanical comparator= 0.01 mm)

Mechanical comparator
Actual size Actual size
Specimen reading (mm) Error
Sl.no slip gauge Work piece Result

ww (mm)
SCR LCR
(mm)

1 I w.E
2 II
asy
En
3 III
gi nee
4 IV
r ing
.ne
t

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RESULT:
Thus the height of the machined component with standard dimensioned component
using Mechanical comparator.

ww
Ex. No: 8 Date:

w.E TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

asy
AIM:
En
To measure temperature using thermometer and RTD, thermocouple.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Temperature indicator
gin

Electric kettle

water eer

Thermocouple

Thermometer ing

RTD
.ne
FORMULA USED:
t
Error = T1– T4

% Error = Error
-------------- X 100
T4

Where ,

T1 is the actual temperature.

T4 is the thermocouple indicated temperature.

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PROCEDURE:

1. Clean the instrument and its accessories by fine cotton cloth.

2. Check connection made and switch on the instrument by rocker switch.

3. The display glows to indicate is on.

4. Allow the instruments in on position for 10 minutes for initial warm up.

5. Fill around 3/4th full of water to the kettle and place the thermometer and thermocouple
Inside the kettle.

6. Note down the initial water temperature from the thermometer.Adjustthe initial set

ww potentiometer in the front panel till the display reads initial water temperature

w.E
7. Switch on the kettle and wait till the water boils note down the thermometer reading and
set Potentiometer till the display reads boiling water temperature.

asy
8. Remove the thermometer and temperature sensor from the Kettle and change the water
and replace

En
9. The thermometer reading and set final set potentiometer till the display reads boiling
water Temperature

gin
10. Switch on the kettle and note down the reading for every 10 º interval and tabulate the
readings
eer
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION:

Actual temperature
Indicated temperature °C
°C
Error
S.NO
Average temp (T4) (T1-T4) % Error
Thermometer Thermocouple RTD

ww
( T1) ( T2 ) ( T3 )

1
w.E
2
asy
3
En
5

6
gi nee
7 r ing
8
.ne
9

10
t

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CALCULATION:

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
Graph:
 Actual Temperature Vs Indicator Temperature
t
(Thermometer) (RTD, Thermocouple)

RESULT:

Thus the measure temperature using thermometer and RTD, thermocouple.

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Ex. No: 9 Date:

FORCE MEASUREMENT USING LOAD CELL

AIM:
To measure the force using load cell apparatus.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Force measurement trainer Kit (LOAD CELL)

Weight

Force indicator

ww
FORMULA USED:

w.E
Error = Calculated force – Indicated force

% Error =
asy୤୭୰ୡୣ
୫ୟ୶୧୫୳୫ ୤୭୰ୡୣ
X 100 (Maximum force = 9.81)

En
F = m x g (N)
gin
Where,
 m = Mass (kg)
g = Gravity (m/s2 )
eer

ing
PROCEDURE:
.ne
1. Clean the instrument and its accessories by fine cotton cloth.
t
2. Check connection made and switch on the instrument by rocker switch at the front panel.
3. The display glows to indicate is ON.
4. Allow the instrument is on ON position for 10 mins for initial warm-up
5. adjust the potentiometer in the front panel till the display reads Zero
6. Apply the ON load sensor using the weight blocks and note down the readings.
7. The Maximum load carrying capacity of a Sensor is 1 kg

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TABULATION :( FORCE)

CALCULATED
ACTUAL LOAD INDICATED
S.NO FORCE ERROR % ERROR
(kg) FORCE (N)
F = m x g (N)

1.
ww
2.
w.E
3.
asy
4.
En
5.

6.
gi nee
7.
r ing
8.
.ne
9.

10.
t

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CALCULATION

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
Graph:
t
 Observed Force Vs Calculated Force
 Observed Force Vs Error

Result:
Thus the force measurement by using load cell.

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Ex. No: 10 Date:

MEASUREMENT OF TORQUE USING

TORQUE MEASURING SETUP

AIM:
To measure the torque using torque sensor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Torque sensor

Stand

ww




Lever
weights

PROCEDURE:
w.E
asy
1. Check connection made and switch ON the instrument by rocker switch at the front
Panel.

En
2. Allow the instrument in ON position for 10 minutes for initial warm up

gin
3. Adjust the potentiometer in the front panel till the display reads 00.0
4. Apply load to the fulcrum arm by adding dead weights in steps of 100g

eer
5. The instruments reads the load on the sensor and displays through LED
6. Readings can be tabulated
ing
FORMULA: .ne
% Error =
ୣ୰୰୭୰
x 100
t
୫ୟ୶୧୫୳୫ ୣ୰୰୭୰

Calculated Torque = Load x Distance

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TABULATION: (TORQUE) DISTANCE = ----------------

S.no Actual load Observed Calculated Error % Error
(kg) Torque Torque(N-m)
(N- m)

ww
1
w.E
asy
2
En
gi nee
3
r ing
4 .ne
t
5

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TABULATION: (TORQUE) DISTANCE = ----------------

Observed Calculated Torque

S.no Actual load (kg) Torque Error % Error
(N-m)
(N- m)

ww
1
w.E
asy
2
En
3
gi nee
r ing
4
.ne
5
t

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CALCULATION:

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
Graph:
 Observed Torque Vs Calculated Torque
 Observed Torque Vs Error
t
Result:
Thus the measurement of torque by using torque sensor.

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Ex.No: 11 Date:
BORE DIAMETER MEASUREMENT USING TELESCOPIC GAUGE

AIM
To measure the bore diameter using given telescopic gauge.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Telescopic gauge

Work piece

ww
Vernier caliper

PROCEDURE
w.E
1. Clean the given work piece to be measure

asy
2. Select the telescopic gauge and insert into the cylinder bore.

En
3. Selected the telescopic gauge from the telescopic gauge set.
4. Unlock the telescopic gauge and inserted into the cylinder bore.

gin
5. Measure the distance of telescopic gauge by using vernier caliper.
6. Tabulate the given readings.
eer
ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION Bore Diameter Measurement Using Telescopic Gauge

Telescopic Gauge range Vernier Scale Reading Bore Diameter

S.No
(mm) MSR VSC VSR (mm)

ww
w.E
asy
En
gi nee
r ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

RESULT
Thus the given bore diameter is to be measure by using of telescopic gauge.

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Ex.No: 12 Date:

BORE GAUGE

AIM
To measure the cylinder bore using bore gauge.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Cylinder block
2. Bore gauge
3. Vernier caliper

ww
PROCEDURE
1. Measure the bore using vernier caliper to get the gross reading of the bore.

w.E
2. Select and install the suitable anvil and washers
3. Make a zero adjustment of the bore gauge using inside measuring jaw of the vernier
caliper.
asy
En
4. After the zero adjustment is done insert the bore gauge into the bore and observe the
measurement and record the data.

gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

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TABULATION (Bore Gauge)

Bore Gauge Dial Gauge

S. No
ww
Anvil Washer’s SCR VSR TR= SCR+VSR
Cylinder Size

w.E
asy
En
gi nee
r ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

RESULT
Thus the bore measurement by using of bore gauge.

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Ex.No: 13 Date:

SURFACE FINISH MEASURING EQUIPMENT

AIM
To measure the surface roughness of the given specimen using roughness testing device.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Surface roughness tester

Work piece

ww
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
Measurement parameters (Ra , Rz)

w.E
Traversed length l
Cut off length
= 6 mm
= 0.25 + 0.80 mm

asy
Measuring range = 2.5 mm
Ra
Rz En= 0.05 – 6.5 N/m
= 0.1 -50 N/m

gin
PROCEDURE
eer
1. Clean the given work piece to be measure.
ing
2. Switch on the device and the device is leading to work with screen displaying the
measuring parameters and cut off length of the previous test.
.ne
length 2.5, 0.8, 0.25 t
3. Before starting the pickup choose the desired parameter Ra (or) Rz and proper cutoff

4. After switch on the devices lighting press the select button and choose Ra (or) Rz lighting
press select button and choose l1, l2, l3 (0.25, 0.8, 2.5)
5. After the parameter and cut-off length are taken measurement may start.
6. The measurement end’s and the screen display the measured value.

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TABULATION (Surface Finish Measuring Equipment)

Roughness Value
S.No Parameter Cut off length
(N/m)

ww
w.E
asy
En
gi nee
r ing
.ne
t

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ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
RESULT
Thus the surface roughness of the given specimen is using roughness tester device.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 81

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w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
. net

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