COURSE OUTLINE

.
Program Regular
Course Information
Course Title Switching and Intelligent Networks
Course Code ECEg5284
Credit Hours Lecture: 2 Lab: 0 Tutorial: 0
Course Type Professional Compulsory
Prerequisite Course code ECEg4282: Telecommunication network
Academic Year 2015
Semester II
Target Group V Year
Venue [Class Room]
Instructor Information
Name Juhar M.
Office Department Office
Office [consultation] Hours Monday 2:00 -5:00 LT
Address
Juhar M. [email protected] CH-1_Introduction 1
Learning Outcomes/objectives
• To gain knowledge and understanding of the working
principles of different types of Switching.
• To get insight into principles of various digital
switching, like packet switching and introduction to
advances in switching.
• To be able to identify and understand the
application, operation and maintenance of these
digital switching…
• To understand concepts and applications of
Intelligent Network systems
Juhar M. CH-1_Introduction 2
 Reading Materials and Expected
Week
. Hours Topics or Subtopics or Chapters
Assessments
1,2nd&3rd 3 Unit -1 Introduction to Switching Lecture notes &text book
hours 1.1 History of switching
quiz 1 and project
1.3 Introduction to Switching function
1.3 Different types of switching
4th & 5th 6 hours Unit -2 Switching Systems Lecture notes and reference 1&2
2.1 introduction switching Systems
Assignment1
2.2 Type switching Systems
2.3 Common Control Functions

7th & 8th 6 hours Unit -3 Circuit switching Lecture notes and reference 1&2
3.1 Space Division switching
Assignment1
3.2 Time division switching
3.3 Two-dimensional Switching

12th 3 hours Unit -4 Packet switching Lecture notes and text book reference 2-
4.1 Datagram switching 4
Juhar M. 4.2 Virtual circuit switching
Test 2 & assign2
CH-1_Introduction 3
13th and 14th 6 hours Unit -5 Signaling Techniques Lecture notes and reference 5
5.1. introduction
Project presentation
5.2 signaling classification
5.3. In channel signaling
5.4. Common channel signaling
5.5. Signaling system 7

15th 3 hours Unit -6 Introduction to the Intelligent Lecture notes and reference 5
Network
Project presentation
4.1 IN Architecture
4.2 Benefits of IN

Juhar M
CH-1_Introduction 4
 . Teaching  Lectures supported by tutorials,
Methodology  Assignments plus project/term papers

 Assignment 10%
Assessment
 Term paper 10%
Methods  Quiz 1 15 %
 Test 1 15 %,
 Final Examination 50%

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 5
 Course Policies
All students are expected to abide by the code of conduct of students
throughout this course.
• Academic dishonesty, including cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism will
not be tolerated.
• Class activities will vary day to day, ranging from lectures to
discussions. Students will be active participants in the course.
• You are required to submit and present the assignments provided
according to the time table indicated.
• 85% of class attendance is mandatory! Please try to be on time for
class. I will not allow you enter if you are late more than five minutes.
• Active participation in class is essential and it will have its own value in
your grade
• Cell phones MUST be silent/mute before entering the class.

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 6
 Texts and References Materials
1. Digital Telephony by J. Bellamy
2. Fundamental of Telecommunication Network by Tarek N. Saadawi and
Mostafa H. Ammar; Wiley Series.
3. SPC Digital Telephone Exchange by FJ Redmill and AR Valder,, IEE
Telecommunication series, Peter Pergrines Ltd.
4. Telecommunication Networks by JE Flood, IEE Telecommunication
series 2nd. Edition.
5. Intelligent networks principles and applications, by professor
C.J.Hughes
6. Intelligent Network (IN): Web Proforum Tutorials http://www.lec.org

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 7
 Chapter One
• Summary from pre-request course
• Introduction to switching
• History of Switching
• Introduction to Switching function
• Types of Switching

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 8
 • 1

Summary from pre-request course

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 9
 Telecommunication Systems
• Telecommunication System: A system consisting of Txs, Links and Rxs
– required to transport information across distances.
• Transducers, amplifiers, Modems, Multiplexers, etc.

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 10
Telecommunication Networks
• Telecommunication Networks: Interconnection of
Telecom systems, Devices, Rules – to provide
communication services to multiple users – shared
resources
• Transmission links –carry information from source to
destination
• Switches – connect incoming and outgoing links
• Network Coverage:
• LAN (Local Area Networks): Connect computers & other
information processing devices within a limited physical area –
office, campus, etc.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks): Connect devices in a city
• WAN: Cover a large geographic area – Intercity and
Intercontinental Internetworks
• Network Topologies: Bus, Ring, Star

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 11
Network Topologies

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 12
Telecommunications Services
voice mail Twitter

instant
e-mail messaging chat rooms

newsgroups telephony videoconferencing

collaboration groupware global positioning system

(GPS)

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 13
Example Applications
• Different technologies allowing us to communicate
• Examples: Voice mail, fax, email, instant message, chat rooms, news groups, telephony, GPS, and more
• Voice mail: Similar to answering machine but digitized
• Fax: Sending hardcopy of text or photographs between computers using fax modem
• Email: electronic mail – sending text, files, images between different computer networks -
must have email software
• More than 1.3 billion people send 244 billion messages monthly!
• Chat rooms: Allows communications in real time when connected to the Internet
• Telephony: Talking to other people over the Internet (also called VoIP)
• Sends digitized audio signals over the Internet
• Requires Internet telephone software
• Groupware: Software application allowing a group of people to communicate with each other
(exchange data)
• Address book, appointment book, schedules, etc.
• GPS: consists of receivers connected to satellite systems
• Determining the geographical location of the receiver
• Used for cars, advertising, hiking, tracking, etc.

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 14
Physical Channels(wired or wireless)
Telecommunications Channels: media over which data are transmitted and
received – like transportation roads, highways and airlines
• Twisted-pair cable:
• One or more twisted wires bundled together
• Made of copper
• Coax-Cable:
• Consists of single copper wire surrounded by three layers of insulating and
metal materials
• Typically used for cable TV
• Fiber-optics:
• Strands of glass or plastic used to transmit light
• Very high capacity, low noise, small size, less suitable to natural disturbances

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 15
Physical Channels

twisted-pair cable twisted-pair wire

woven or
braided metal copper wire

plastic outer insulating

coating material

optical fiber
core

glass cladding

protective
coating

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 16
 Wireless Channels
• Broadcast Radio
• Distribute signals through the air over long
distance
• Uses an antenna
• Typically for stationary locations
• Can be short range like FM radio
• Cellular Radio
• A form of broadcast radio used for mobile
communication
• High frequency radio waves
• Utilizes frequency-reuse why?
• Microwaves
• Radio waves providing high speed transmission
• They are point-to-point (can’t be obstructed)
• Used for satellite communication
• Infrared (IR)
• Wireless transmission media that sends signals
using infrared light- waves

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 17
Elements of Telecommunication system
Telecommunication system can be divided into four main parts

1. End system or Instruments: The end system or instruments are a transmitter or

receiver that are responsible for sending information or decoding or inverting

received information or message into an intelligible message. Tele phone, cell

phone, fax, computers.

2. Transmission system: Signals generated by the end system or the instruments

should be transported to the destination by some means

3. Switching system  our main focus

4. Signaling: Signaling provides the interface between different national systems.

Juhar M The introduction of signaling system was the big step in improving the PSTN.
CH-1_Introduction 18
Class discussion

1.What is switching?
2. What are the functions of switching in telecommunication?
3. Define Types of switching?

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 19
What is switching?
• Switching: A method of establishing connections and sending information between nodes on a
network.

• The switching centers receives the control signals, messages or conversations and forwards to
the required destination, after necessary modification (link amplifications) if necessary.

• Is a collection of switching elements arranged and controlled in such a way as to setup a

communication path between any two distant points.

• There are three types of switching namely a circuit switching, message switching and packet
switching.

• In telecommunication the circuit switching and message switching are used.

• In computer communication network or data transfer is packet switching

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 20
 History of Switching
• Until the 1920s, setting up the connection manually

• Combined Line and Recording (CLR) method, introduced in 1926.

• In 1929, AT&T network engineers implemented the first national General Toll
Switching Plan.

• Automation came to long distance switching when American Telephone and

Telegraph( AT&T) installed the first No. 4 crossbar switch in Philadelphia in 1943

• Packet switching, frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and Internet
protocol — routed via newer technologies rather than over the switched voice
network.

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction
21
a

1920s: Switching improvements begin

1940s & 1950s: Automated switching

1970s: Digital electronic switching

1990s: The rise of data

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 22
 Switching Function
The switching office performs the following basic functions:

• Identity: react to a calling signal from calling subscriber

• Addressing : identify the called subscriber from the input information

• Finding and Path setup: Based on the availability, suitable path will be selected

• Busy testing: if busy a switching system has to pass a corresponding voice message or busy tone after waiting for
some time (status).

• Network interconnection

• Signal transmission

• Alerting

• Supervision: Once the path is setup between calling and called subscriber, it should be supervised in order to
detect answer and clear down conditions and recording billing

• Clear down: When the established call is completed, the path setup should be disconnected.

• Billing: duration by the calling subscriber is calculated.

CH-1_Introduction 23
Juhar M.
Cont’d

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 24
Types of switching
• Two different switching technologies
• Circuit switching
• Packet switching

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 25
Circuit Switching
• Circuit switching is used in public telephone networks and is the basis
for private networks built on leased lines and using on-site circuit
switches.

• Circuit switching was developed to handle voice traffic but

can also handle digital data, although this latter use is often inefficient.

• Dedicated communication path between two stations

• Involves three phases

• Connection Set-up – assigning routes and idle circuits
• Data Transfer
• Disconnection

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 26
Features of Circuit Switching
• Once connected, transfer is transparent
• Developed for voice traffic (phone)
• Inefficient
• Channel capacity dedicated for duration of connection
• If no data, capacity wasted
• Much of the time a data connection is idle
• Connection Set up takes time
• Data rate is fixed
• Both ends must operate at the same rate

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 27
 Packet Switching
• Packet switching was designed to provide a more efficient facility
than circuit switching for bursty data traffic.
• Data transmitted in small blocks of information called packets
• Longer messages split into series of packets
• Each packet contains a portion of user data plus some control
information
• Control information
• Routing (addressing) information
• Packets are received, stored briefly (buffered) and passed on to the
next node
• Store and forward

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 28
Advantages of packet switching
• Line efficiency
• Single node to node link can be shared by many packets over time
• Packets queued and transmitted as fast as possible
• Data rate conversion
• Each station connects to the local node at its own speed
• Nodes buffer data if required to equalize rates
• Packets are accepted even when network is busy
• Delivery may slow down
• Priorities can be used

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 29
Switching Technique
• Station breaks long message into packets

• Packets sent one at a time to the network

• Packets handled in two ways

• Datagram

• Virtual circuit

Juhar M CH-1_Introduction 30
Class discussions

1.Which types of switching are used in telecommunication and

in computer communication network respectively?

2.List and explain at least 3 functions of switching.

3. What are the merits and demerits of Circuit Switching?

4. Define the two Types switching in your word?

Juhar M. CH-1_Introduction 31
Juhar M 32
CH-1_Introduction