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Chapter 1

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12 views21 pages

Chapter 1

Uploaded by

Abdiman Habibo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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By: Dr Chalchissa Amentie Kero

Associate Professor in management


,Ethiopia

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CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

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 Research is an activity of defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis ; collecting, organizing and evaluating data;

making deduction and reaching at conclusion to determine whether

they fit the formulated hypothesis. (Woody)

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 Research isn’t information gathering:
◦ Gathering information from resources such books or
magazines isn’t research.
◦ No contribution to new knowledge.

 Research isn’t the transportation of facts:


◦ Merely transporting facts from one resource to another
doesn’t constitute research.
◦ No contribution to new knowledge although this might
make existing knowledge more accessible.

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 Desire to get degree with its consequential benefit
 Desire to get respect and promotion (to own respect in society).
 Desire to face a challenge in solving the unsolved problem.
 Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
 Directive of government
 Employment condition

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I. On the basis of the outcome of the research

a) Fundamental Research

b) Applied-research

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I. On the basis of the outcome of the research
a) Fundamental Research
 also called academic or basic or pure research

 aimed at investigating or search for new principles and laws

 concerned with generalization and formulation of a theory

 organized only for the attainment of knowledge and truth

 also verifies the old established theories, principles and laws


E.g.,
 The relationship between crime and economic status
 Darwin Theory of Evolution

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b )Applied-research
 aimed at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society,
a group or industry (business organization).
 While pure research discovers principles and laws, .
 applied research discovers their application in solving some social,
economical or any other problems.
E.g.,

 The improvement of safety in the working place


 The reduction of wastage in the working places

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 Research methodology and technique are mostly different from

one science to another or can be different from research to

research.

 The philosophy common to all research methodology and

technique is called Scientific methods.

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Scientific Research
 “Scientific research is systematic, controlled, empirical, and
critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory
and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such
phenomena.” (Kerlinger, 1986)

 Research is an organized and systematic way of finding


answers to questions/testing hypothesis.

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1.Induction

2.Deduction

3. Comparative

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1.Induction

E.g.
Socrates is mortal ,
and Socrates is a man,
therefore, man is mortal.

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 Why didn’t sales increase during our promotional event?
◦ Regional retailers did not have sufficient stock to fill customer requests
during the promotional period
◦ A strike by employees prevented stock from arriving in time for
promotion to be effective
◦ A hurricane closed retail outlets in the region for 10 days during the
promotion

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E.g. Man is mortal
Socrates is a man;
therefore, Socrates is mortal

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 used for the analysis and comparison of two contemporary
(coexisting and present) phenomenon.
 It is always undertaken in order to discover new facts or
relations.

Eg. Studies of two government or political system

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 Reading assignment

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What is the difference between method and
methodology?

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Research Method Research Methodology –
• Refers to the technique which  is the identification of problem,
can be adopted to explore the apply appropriate procedures
nature of the world that
 implies the science of analyzing,
surrounds us.
the manner in which research is
• It is the tool, employed in
conducted appropriately.
selecting and building research
 is concerned with learning
technique various techniques which can
 is concerned with carrying out be employed in the
experiment, test, surveys,
performance of experiment,
interviews, etc.
test or survey

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1) Identification and Formulating the research problem
2) Extensive literature survey
3) Developing working hypothesis
4) Preparing the research design
5) Determine sample design
6) Collecting data
7) Analysis of the data
8) Hypothesis testing
9) Generalization and interpretation
10) Reporting the result

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 .

Thanks

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