Chapter(01,

Cormputer Fundamentals
Storage Unit
Basic Computer Organisation Secondary
Computer Definition Storage
Acomputer is a programmable electronic machine
designed to take input, perform prescribed arithmetic Program Input Primary Outou Infomation
and logical actions at fast speed and provide output of and Data Unit Storage Unit Fesuts)
these operations.
The term COMPUTER is an acronym for Common Control
Operating Machine' Purposely Used for Technological Unit
Indicates fiow of
and Educational Research'. The first Mechanical instructions and data
computer was designed in 1837 by Charles Babbage Arithmeic Indicates the
called as 'Analytical Engine'. Logic Unit Control eercised
Even though the size, shape, performance, reliability and by the Control Unit
cost of computers have been changing over the years, the l Figure: Basic functions of a computer
basic logical structure, as proposed by Von Neumann, 5. Controlling Directing the manner and
has not changed. sequence in
which all of the above operations are performed.
" The internal architecture of computers differs
Basic Functions of Computer from one system model to another. However, the
Allcomputer systems perform the following five basic basic organisation remains the same for all
operations, for converting raw input data into useful computer systems.
information. " It displays the five major
1. Input The process of entering data and instructions building blocks
(functional units) of a digital
into the computer system usingI/P devices. These five units correspondingcomputer system.
to the five basic
2. Store Saving data and instructions to make them
readily available for initial or additional processing, operations, performed by all computer systems.
as and when required. Input Unit
3. Process Performing arithmetic operations (add, The following functions are
subtract, multiply, divide, etc) or logical operations performed by an input unit
1. It accepts (or reads) the
(comparsions like equal to, less then, greater than, the user. instructions and data from
etc) on data, to convert them into useful
2. It converts these
information. acceptable form.
instructions and data in computer
*.Output The process of producinguseful 3. It supplies the converted
information or results for the user, such as a printed instructions and data to
feport or visual display using O/P devices. the computer system for further
processing.
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EXERCISES
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14. 9.
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25. 24. 3. 22.
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20.(d) 10.(d) called
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