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QUESTION BANK - MSA - UNIT 1-5

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41 views4 pages

QUESTION BANK - MSA - UNIT 1-5

Uploaded by

Ravi Teja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUESTION BANK: MODERN SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

UNIT 1

1. Explain the following terms with one example


a) Transducer b) Actuator c) Sensor d) Active e) Passive
2. Draw the transfer function of any sensor system and define at least four sensor
parameters with one real time example for each parameter.
3. Illustrate with an example, transfer function of a sensor can have more than one
dimension
4. Illustrate the role of calibration of the sensors and examine how calibration is
performed with relevant expression.
5. How inaccuracy plays an important role in determining a characteristic of a sensor.
6. Illustrate the calibration error with relevant figure and measures to overcome.
7. With relevant equations plot a graph to calibrate error of a sensor.
8. With a neat diagram, explain different types of error characteristics of a sensor.
9. Write a short note on the following sensor parameters
a. Resolution
b. Special properties
c. Output impedance
d. Excitation
e. Application characteristics
10. Assess the dynamic characteristics of a sensor. (OR) Examine the dynamic
characteristics of sensors (OR) Explain dynamic characteristics with relevant
responses as applied to any sensor.
11. Discuss the impact of environmental factors upon the functioning of a sensor
12. Highlight the role of reliability in sensors, and how it affects the performance of a
system. Illustrate the various tests for improving the reliability
13. Differentiate between the following
a) Type A and Type B Uncertainty in sensors
b) Long term and Short term stability in sensors
c) The Saturation and Dead band conditions in sensors
UNIT 2

14. How does the capacitor work as water level sensor? Explain the related concept and give
the sensor capacitance with relevant sketches.

15. Illustrate the concept of dielectric constant, its effect on capacitance, its polarization and
its application with relevant expression.

16. What is capacitance? Illustrate how electrical charge and voltage define the capacitance
between the two objects with relevant figure. Also explain how capacitance is calculated
with relevant figures, expressions and an example case of cylindrical capacitor.

17. Explain piezoelectric principle with relevant properties. Illustrate how the thermal
poling method gives a crystalline material to piezoelectric properties. Discuss some
unique properties of piezoelectric films.

18. Derive the voltage developed between electrodes in piezoelectric sensor formed by
applying electrodes to a polled crystalline material. Explain the thermal polling of a
piezoelectric material.

19. Examine the Pyroelectric effect, its features ,functionalities and working principle of
pyroelectric sensor with relevant figures

20. Explain working principle of a Pyro electric Sensor. Indicate the response of a Pyro
electric Sensor to a thermal step function and explain why the magnitude of charge Qo
and voltage Vo does not drop to zero completely.

Or

21. Discuss Seebeck and Peltier effect with an example.

22. Illustrate Hall Effect Sensing Mechanism used for Detecting position and
displacement of objects.

23. Discuss Temperature and Thermal Properties of Materials as applied to sensors.

24. Write short notes on


a. Sound waves
b. Temperature scales
c. Thermal expansion
d. Heat capacity
UNIT 3
1. Define force sensor and write the various methods of sensing force.
2. With relevant equations and diagrams explain the working principle of wire strain
gauge.
3. “A vendor needs to design a touch screen where a physical contact has to be sensed.”
and Discuss the working of the suitable sensor which employs Multiplexers.
(OR)
Membrane switch as a tactile sensor
4. What is tactile sensor? Explain the working principle of active piezoelectric tactile
sensor
5. Write a short note on piezoelectric force sensor.
6. Explain mercury filled U shaped pressure sensor for measuring gas pressure.
7. Write a short note on the following
a. Pirani Gauge
b. Ionization Gauge
c. RVDT
8. Describe the operation of LVDT for measuring displacement with necessary
diagrams. Give the advantages and applications of LVDT.
9. Analyze a suitable Sensing Mechanism used to detect magnetic fields, position and
displacement of objects.
(OR)
(Working principle of Hall effect sensor).
10. Select and analyze a suitable sensor required for Direct acoustic measurements in
hostile environments, such as in turbojets or rocket engines, which can withstand high
heat and strong vibrations.
(OR)
(Fibre optic microphone sensor).
11. Define the following terms with reference to humidity and moisture sensor
a. Moisture
b. Mixing (Humidity) ratio
c. Absolute humidity
d. Relative humidity
e. Dew-point temperature
12. Describe the absolute humidity sensor with self-heating thermistors.
13. In detail, explain the working of Chilled-mirror dew-point sensor with an optical
bridge.
14. Write a short note on Photoeffect in a semiconductor for high-energy and low-energy
photons with energy band diagrams.
15. With the help of equivalent circuit and I-V characteristics, explain the working
principle of photodiode.
16. Justify the statement, “Efficiency of a detector depends on its surface area or the area
of the focusing system in a phototransistor”.
17. With a neat diagram, explain how photoresistor acts as light switch and beacon light.
UNIT 4

1. Write a short note on RTD sensors.


2. Define thermistor. Describe any two computational models of NTC thermistors.
3. State and explain three different laws of thermocouples with relevant diagram.
4. Draw and explain an equivalent circuit for thermocouple.
5. Illustrate a concept of adding up voltages from a thermocouple and a thermistor
(reference sensor) to obtain a combined output signal.
6. Describe the working principle of semiconductor-PN junction sensors.
7. Write short note on the following optical temperature sensors
a. Fluoroptic sensors
b. Interferometric sensors
c. Thermochromic solution sensors

Unit 5

1. Explain different materials used for sensor fabrication


2. Write short note on following deposition methods for growth of thin and thick films
a. Spin casting
b. Evaporation
c. Sputtering
d. Chemical vapour deposition
3. Describe the photolithography process used in microelectronics industry.
4. Write a short note on basic techniques associated with silicon micromachining
a. Wet etching
b. Dry etching
c. Lift-off process
d. Wafer bonding

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