GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-DHARMAPURI

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK
UNIT – III - FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
𝜕𝑟
1. If 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 and 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛 then find .
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑟
2. If 𝑥 = 𝑟 2 − 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑟 find .
𝜕𝑥

******************************************************
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
1. If 𝑢 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2)−1/2 then find the value of 2
+ 2
+ .
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 2
𝜕𝑢
2. If 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧) , find ∑ sin 2𝑥 .
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 3
3. If 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧) , show that (i) + + = .
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2 −9
(ii)( + + ) 𝑢= .
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)2

𝜕3 𝑢 𝜕3 𝑢
4. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑦 , show that = .
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
5. If 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 , prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑣(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑣) .
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝑥 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
6. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑦 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1( ) , show that (i) = .
𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
(ii) = .
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥

𝑥
7. For the given function 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( ) − (𝑥𝑦), verify whether the statement
𝑦

𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
= , is correct or not.
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 2𝑥𝑦
8. Prove that 2
+ = 0, if (i) 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( ),
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
𝑦
(ii) 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ).
𝑥

HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS- EULER’S THEOREM

𝑥 3 −𝑦 3 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
1. If 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 ( ) then prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 = 2tan 𝑢 .
𝑥+𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
2. If 𝑢 = + + , then find the value of 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 .
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

******************************************************
 𝑥+𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 −1
1. If 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) then prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 = cot 𝑢 .
√𝑥+√𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
2. If 𝑢 = 𝑓 (𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡) and 𝑟 = ,𝑠 = , 𝑡 = , then find the value of 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

3. If 𝑧 is a homogeneous functions of degree n in 𝑥 and 𝑦 , show that

𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕2 𝑧
𝑥2 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1).
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

𝑦 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
4. If 𝑢 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑓 ( ) then find 𝑥 2 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 .
𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

TOTAL DIFFERENTIATION
𝑑𝑢
1. Find when 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 𝑦, where 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢 𝑥
2. Find when 𝑢 = , where 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡 𝑦
𝑑𝑢
3. Find when 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , where 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡

******************************************************
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. If 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) where 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢 cos 𝑣 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑢 sin 𝑣 then show that 𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑢 .
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
2. If 𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑧 − 𝑥, 𝑥 − 𝑦) , then show that + + = 0.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

TOTAL DIFFERENTIATION – IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS

𝑑𝑦
1. If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, then find .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑐, then find .
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
3. If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 1, then find .
𝑑𝑥

JACOBIAN

𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕(𝑟, 𝜃)
1. If 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃, then find and .
𝜕(𝑟, 𝜃) 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)
2. If 𝑥 = 𝑢2 − 𝑣 2, 𝑦 = 2𝑢𝑣, find the Jacobian of 𝑥, 𝑦 with respect to 𝑢 and 𝑣.
2𝑥−𝑦 𝑦 𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣)
3. If 𝑢 = ; 𝑣 = , find .
2 2 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑢 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)
4. If 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 ; 𝑦 = then find .
𝑣 𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣)
𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)
5. If 𝑥 = 𝑢(1 + 𝑣) ; 𝑦 = 𝑣(1 + 𝑢) then find .
𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣)
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦
6. Are the functions 𝑢 = and 𝑣 = functionally dependent? If dependent find its
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
relation.
 ******************************************************
𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕(𝑟, 𝜃)
1. If 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃, then prove that × = 1.
𝜕(𝑟, 𝜃) 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
2. If 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜑 and 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜑 , 𝑧 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, find .
𝜕(𝑟, 𝜃, 𝜑)
𝑥+𝑦 𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣)
3. If 𝑢 = and 𝑣 = tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 , find , find also a relation between
1−𝑥𝑦 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)

𝑢 and 𝑣, if it exist.
𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤)
4. If 𝑢 = ,𝑣 = ,𝑤 = prove that = 4.
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

5. Examine if the following functions are functionally dependent. If they are , find also
functional relationship; 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑤 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥.
6. Find the Jacobian of 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥, 𝑤 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2.
7. If 𝑓1 = 𝑢 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0, 𝑓2 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0, 𝑓3 = 𝑢𝑣𝑤 − 𝑧 = 0 then prove that
𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= 𝑢2 𝑣.
𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤)

Taylor’s series
1. Obtain the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑦 in terms of powers of 𝑥 and 𝑦 upto third
degree.
2. Expand 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 in powers of (𝑥 + 2) and (𝑦 − 1) using Taylor’s series up
to third degree terms.
3. Obtain the Taylor’s series of 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 at (1, 2).
4. Find the Taylor’s series expansion for 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 at (1, 1) up to second
degree terms.
5. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑥 𝑦 near the point (1, 1) upto second term.
6. Using Taylor’s series, expand sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 in powers of 𝑥 and 𝑦 upto the terms of third
degree.
7. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = √1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 in power of (𝑥 − 1) and y
up to second degree.
𝜋
8. Expand sin(𝑥𝑦) as a Taylor’s series in powers of (𝑥 − 1) and (𝑦 − ).
4
𝜋
9. Expand sin(𝑥𝑦) in powers of (𝑥 − 1) and (𝑦 − ) up to second degree terms by using
2
Taylor’s series.
10. Expand 𝑒 𝑥 log(1 + 𝑦) in powers of 𝑥 and 𝑦 upto third degree terms using Taylor’s
theorem.
𝜋
11. Expand 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑦 at (0, ) up to third term using Taylor’s series.
2

Maxima and Minima of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)

1. Find the stationary point of 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦.
 ******************************************************
1. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 12.
2. Examine 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 15𝑥 2 − 15𝑦 2 + 72𝑥 for extreme values.
3. Find and classify the extreme values if any, of the function
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 .
4. Find the extreme values of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦), 0 < 𝑥, 𝑦 < 𝜋.
1 1
5. Discuss the maxima and minima of 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + + .
𝑥 𝑦
3 3
6. Examine for extreme values: 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20.
7. Examine the function 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 (12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) for extreme values.
8. Examine the function 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 (1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) for extreme values.
9. Find the maxima and minima of 𝑥𝑦(𝑎 − 𝑥 − 𝑦).
10. Find the maximum or minimum values of 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 3 .

Constrained Maxima and Minima (Lagrange’s method of undetermined multiplier)

1. A thin closed rectangular box is to have one edge equal to twice the other and constant
volume 72 𝑚3. Find the least surface area of the box.
2. A rectangular box open at the top, is to have a capacity of 108 cu.ms. Find the dimension
of the box requiring the least material for its construction.
3. A rectangular box open at the top, is to have a volume of 32 cc. Find the dimension of
the box requires the least material for its construction.
4. Find the dimension of the rectangular box without a top of maximum capacity, whose
surface area is 108 sq.cm.
5. Find the minimum values of 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 subject to the condition 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 𝑎.
6. Find the maximum value of 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 𝑧 𝑝 , when 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎, using Lagrange’s multiplier
method.
7. Find the extreme value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 subject to the condition 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎.
8. Find the minimum distance from the point (1, 2, 0) to the cone 𝑧 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
9. Find the shortest and longest distance from the point (1, 2, −1) to the sphere
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 24.
10. The temperature 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) at any point in space is 𝑢 = 400𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 . Find the highest
temperature on surface of the sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1.
11. Find the volume of the largest rectangular solid which can be inscribed in the ellipsoid
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
2
+ 2
+ = 1.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
25
12. Find the length of the shortest line from the point (0, 0, ) to the surface 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦.
9