 1.

Configure Git with User Information

Purpose:

Identifies you as the author of commits.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git config --global user.name "John Doe"

git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

 Use the --global flag to apply settings system-wide. Use --local for a specific repository.

2. Initialize a New Git Repository

Purpose:

Prepares a directory for version control.

Example:

bash

Copy code

cd /path/to/project

git init

 Creates a hidden .git directory where Git stores the repository’s metadata and history.

3. Clone an Existing Repository

Purpose:

Copies a repository from a remote server to your local machine.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git

 Use HTTPS or SSH URLs for cloning. The repository will be downloaded into a folder named
repo.

4. Track the Status of Your Repository

Shows the current state of your working directory.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git status

 You can see untracked files, staged changes, and files with modifications.

5. Add New Files

Purpose:

Stages files for the next commit.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git add index.html

git add .

 Use git add <filename> for individual files or git add . to stage all changes.

6. Commit Changes with a Meaningful Message

Purpose:

Records changes to the repository with a descriptive message.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git commit -m "Added new landing page design"

 Commit messages should describe why a change was made, not just what.

7. Stage All Changes for Commit

Purpose:

Quickly stage all modified or new files.

Example:
bash

Copy code

git add .

 Use this when you’re confident all changes should be included in the next commit.

8. View Changes Between Working Directory and Last Commit

Purpose:

Shows the differences between your changes and the last commit.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git diff

 For staged changes, use:

bash

Copy code

git diff --cached

9. Review Commit History

Purpose:

View all commits made in the repository.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git log

git log --oneline

 Use git log --oneline --graph for a graphical history of branches.

10. Switch Between Branches

Purpose:

Switches the working directory to a different branch.

Example:
bash

Copy code

git switch feature-branch

 Use git checkout for older Git versions.

11. Create a New Branch for a Task

Purpose:

Isolates work on a new feature or task.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git branch feature-xyz

git switch feature-xyz

 Alternatively, combine both steps:

bash

Copy code

git checkout -b feature-xyz

12. Switch to a Branch

Purpose:

Switch to an existing branch.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git switch main

13. Merge a Feature Branch into the Main Branch

Purpose:

Combines changes from a feature branch into the main branch.

Example:

bash
Copy code

git switch main

git merge feature-xyz

14. Handle Merge Conflicts

Purpose:

Resolves conflicts when merging changes.

Steps:

1. Open files with conflicts (marked by <<<<<<<, =======, and >>>>>>>).

2. Resolve conflicts manually.

3. Stage the resolved files:

bash

Copy code

git add <file>

4. Commit the merge:

bash

Copy code

git commit

15. Delete an Old Branch After Merging

Purpose:

Clean up unused branches.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git branch -d feature-xyz

 To force delete:

bash

Copy code

git branch -D feature-xyz

Purpose:

Push a branch to a remote and propose merging it.

Steps:

1. Push your branch:

bash

Copy code

git push origin feature-xyz

2. Create a pull request on GitHub or GitLab.

17. Review and Approve Pull Requests

Purpose:

Ensures code quality and standards are met before merging.

 Use GitHub/GitLab to review changes, comment, and approve.

18. Push Changes to a Remote Repository

Purpose:

Sync local commits to a remote repository.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git push origin main

19. Fetch Updates from the Remote Repository

Purpose:

Downloads changes from the remote without merging.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git fetch
20. Pull Updates from the Remote Repository

Purpose:

Fetches and merges changes into your branch.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git pull origin main

21. Rebase a Feature Branch onto Main

Purpose:

Integrates changes from the main branch into a feature branch.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git checkout feature-xyz

git rebase main

22. Use Interactive Rebase to Clean Up Commit History

Purpose:

Combine or modify commits for a cleaner history.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git rebase -i HEAD~3

 Squash, reorder, or delete commits interactively.

Let me know if you’d like me to expand on specific sections or cover advanced items!

 You said:

40 task not given pls check

 ChatGPT said:

Here's the expanded explanation for tasks 23 to 40:

Purpose:

Marks a specific point in your project's history for releases.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git tag v1.0

git push origin v1.0

 Use annotated tags for detailed metadata:

bash

Copy code

git tag -a v1.0 -m "Version 1.0 release"

24. View Commit History with a Graphical Representation

Purpose:

Visualizes the branch and commit structure.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git log --oneline --graph --all

 Helps in understanding complex branching and merging workflows.

25. Revert a Commit

Purpose:

Undo the changes from a specific commit without modifying the history.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git revert <commit-id>

 Creates a new commit that reverses the changes from the specified commit.
26. Reset the Repository to a Previous Commit

Purpose:

Moves the branch pointer to a previous commit.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git reset --hard <commit-id>

 Warning: This deletes changes after the specified commit.

27. Stash Unfinished Work

Purpose:

Temporarily saves changes without committing.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git stash

 Use git stash save "description" to add context to the stash.

28. Apply Stashed Changes Back to the Working Directory

Purpose:

Restores stashed changes.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git stash apply

 To remove the stash after applying:

bash

Copy code

git stash drop

Purpose:

Makes a local branch available on the remote repository.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git push origin <branch-name>

30. Delete a Remote Branch

Purpose:

Removes an outdated branch from the remote repository.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git push origin --delete <branch-name>

31. List All Branches in the Repository

Purpose:

Lists all branches (local and remote).

Example:

bash

Copy code

git branch # Local branches

git branch -r # Remote branches

git branch -a # All branches

32. Track Changes with Git Blame

Purpose:

Shows who made changes to specific lines in a file.

Example:

bash
Copy code

git blame <file-name>

 Useful for identifying contributors or debugging issues.

33. Review Changes Between Two Commits

Purpose:

Compares changes between specific commits.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git diff <commit1> <commit2>

34. Use Git Hooks to Automate Actions

Purpose:

Automates tasks during Git events (e.g., pre-commit checks).

Example:

 Set up a pre-commit hook in .git/hooks/pre-commit:

bash

Copy code

#!/bin/sh

# Pre-commit script example

npm test

 Make the file executable:

bash

Copy code

chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit

35. Use Git Submodules for External Resources

Purpose:

Links another Git repository inside your repository.

Example:
bash

Copy code

git submodule add <repository-url> <path>

 To update submodules:

bash

Copy code

git submodule update --remote

36. Create and Use Feature Flags with Git

Purpose:

Allows you to enable or disable features using branches or tags.

Example:

 Use branches to separate features:

bash

Copy code

git checkout -b feature-flag

 Deploy features based on tagged releases:

bash

Copy code

git tag feature-release

37. Set Up Continuous Integration (CI) with Git

Purpose:

Automates testing and deployment.

Example:

 Integrate GitHub Actions:

yaml

Copy code

# .github/workflows/ci.yml

name: CI Pipeline

on:
 push:

branches:

- main

jobs:

build:

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

steps:

- uses: actions/checkout@v2

- name: Run Tests

run: npm test

38. Create and Manage Multiple Remotes for Project Forks

Purpose:

Collaborates between multiple repositories.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git remote add origin <origin-url>

git remote add upstream <upstream-url>

 To fetch changes from upstream:

bash

Copy code

git fetch upstream

39. Automate Deployment from Git

Purpose:

Deploys code automatically when changes are pushed to a branch.

Example:

 Use a CI/CD tool like Jenkins or GitHub Actions to deploy after testing.

40. Squash Multiple Commits into One

Combines several commits into a single one for a cleaner history.

Example:

bash

Copy code

git rebase -i HEAD~3

 Mark all but one commit as squash to combine them:

text

Copy code

pick abc123 Commit message 1

squash def456 Commit message 2

squash ghi789 Commit message 3

 Save and update the final commit message.