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Java string classes

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Java string classes

Uploaded by

sevelav669
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java

Strings
String related classes
• Java provides three String related classes
• java.lang package
– String class: Storing and processing Strings but Strings
created using the String class cannot be modified
(immutable)
– StringBuffer class: Create flexible Strings that can be
modified
• java.util package
– StringTokenizer class: Can be used to extract tokens from a
String

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String

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String
• String class provide many constructors and more
than 40 methods for examining in individual
characters in a sequence
• You can create a String from a String value or from an
array of characters.
– String newString = new String(stringValue);
• The argument stringValue is a sequence of characters
enclosed inside double quotes
– String message = new String (“Welcome”);
– String message = “Welcome”;
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String Constructors

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String Length
• Returns the length of a String
– length()
• Example:
String s1=“Hello”;
System.out.println(s1.length());

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Extraction
• Get the character at a specific location in a string
– s1.charAt(1)
• Get the entire set of characters in a string
– s1.getChars(0, 5, charArray, 0)

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Extracting Substrings
• substring method enable a new String object to be
created by copying part of an existing String object
– substring (int startIndex) ‐ copies the characters form the
starting index to the end of the String
– substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) ‐ copies the
characters from the starting index to one beyond the
endIndex

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String Comparisons
• equals
– Compare any two string objects for equality using
lexicographical comparison. s1.equals(“hello”)
• equalsIgnoreCase
– s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2)
• compareTo
– s1.compareTo(s2)
– s1 > s2 (positive), s1 < s2 (negative), s1 = s2 (zero)

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String Comparisons

For details have a look at section 1-4 from https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-pool

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String Comparisons
• regionMatches compares portions of two String
objects for equality
– s1.regionMatches (0, s2, 0, 5)
– s1.regionMatches (true, 0, s2, 0, 5)
• If the first argument is true, the method ignores the
case of the characters being compared
• startsWith and endsWith check whether a String
starts or ends with a specified String
– s1.startsWith (s2)
– s1.endsWith (s2)
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String Concatenation
• Java provide the concat method to concatenate two
strings.
String s1 = new String (“Happy ”);
String s2 = new String (“Birthday”);
String s3 = s1.concat(s2);
s3 will be “Happy Birthday”

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String Search
• Find the position of character/String within a String
– int indexOf(char ch)
– int lastIndexOf(char ch)

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String Split
• split() method splits a String against given regular
expression and returns a character array
• String test = "abc,def,123";
String[] out = test.split(",");
out[0] - abc, out[1] - def, out[2] - 123

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String Conversions
• Generally, the contents of a String cannot be
changed once the string is created,
• Java provides conversion methods
• toUpperCase() and toLowerCase()
– Converts all the characters in the string to lowercase or
uppercase
• trim()
– Eliminates blank characters from both ends of the string
• replace(oldChar, newChar)
– Replaces a character in the string with a new character
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String to Other Conversions
• The String class provides valueOf methods for
converting a character, an array of characters and
numeric values to strings
– valueOf method take different argument types

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String to Other Conversions
Type To String From String

boolean String.valueOf(boolean) Boolean.parseBoolean(String)

byte String.valueOf(int) Byte.parseByte(String, int base)

short String.valueOf(int) Short.parseShort (String, int base)

Int String.valueOf(int) Integer.parseInt (String, int base)

long String.valueOf(long) Long.parseLong (String, int base)

float String.valueOf(float) Float.parseFloat(String)

double String.valueOf(double) Double.parseDouble(String)

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String Conversion Example
• To convert an int to a String (3 different ways):
int n = 123;
String s1 = Integer.toString(n);
String s2 = String.valueOf(n);
String s3 = n + "";
• To convert a string to an int:
String s = “1234”;
int n = Integer.parseInt(s);

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StringBuffer

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StringBuffer
• Can be used wherever a string is used
– More flexible than String
– Can add, insert, or append new contents into a string
buffer
• The StringBuffer class has three constructors and
more than 30 methods for managing the buffer and
for modifying strings in the buffer
• Every StringBuffer is capable of storing a number of
characters specified by its capacity

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StringBuffer Constructors
• public StringBuffer()
– No characters in it and an initial capacity of 16 characters
• public StringBuffer(int length)
– No characters in it and an initial capacity specified by the
length argument
• public StringBuffer(String string)
– Contains String argument and an initial capacity of the
buffer is 16 plus the length of the argument

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StringBuffer

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StringTokenizer

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StringTokenizer
• Break a string into pieces (tokens) so that contained
information can be retrieved and processed
• Specify a set of characters as delimiters when
constructing a StringTokenizer object
• StringTokenizer class is available since JDK 1.0 and
the String.split() is available since JDK 1.4
• String.split() does produce empty tokens, but
StringTokenizer doesn't
• StringTokenizer is a legacy class, retained for
compatibility reasons, the use is discouraged!
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StringTokenizer
• Constructors
– StringTokenizer(String str, String delim)
– StringTokenizer(String str)
• Methods
– hasMoreToken() ‐ Returns true if there is a token left in the
string
– nextToken() ‐ Returns the next token in the string
– nextToken(String delim) ‐ Returns the next token in the
string after reseting the delimiter to delim
– countToken( ) ‐ Returns the number of tokens remaining in
the string tokenizer
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StringTokenizer

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