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Math101_Notes_ReportLab

Uploaded by

3mukong23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Limits

In calculus, the concept of a limit is fundamental. A limit helps us understand the behavior of a function

Formally, the limit of f(x) as x approaches a value c is defined as:


lim (x -> c) f(x) = L
This means that f(x) gets arbitrarily close to L as x gets arbitrarily close to c.

Key properties of limits include:


1. Sum Rule: lim (x -> c) [f(x) + g(x)] = lim (x -> c) f(x) + lim (x -> c) g(x).
2. Product Rule: lim (x -> c) [f(x) * g(x)] = lim (x -> c) f(x) * lim (x -> c) g(x).
3. Quotient Rule: lim (x -> c) [f(x) / g(x)] = lim (x -> c) f(x) / lim (x -> c) g(x), provided lim (x -> c) g(x) is
Derivatives and Their Applications

A derivative represents the rate of change of a function with respect to its variable. If y = f(x), then the d
f'(x) = lim (h -> 0) [f(x + h) - f(x)] / h

Geometrically, f'(x) is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f(x) at a point.

Key differentiation rules include:


1. Power Rule: If f(x) = x^n, then f'(x) = n * x^(n-1).
2. Product Rule: If f(x) = u(x) * v(x), then f'(x) = u'(x) * v(x) + u(x) * v'(x).
3. Chain Rule: If f(x) = g(h(x)), then f'(x) = g'(h(x)) * h'(x).

Applications of derivatives include finding local maxima and minima, solving optimization problems, an
Integration and Area Under a Curve

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. It is used to calculate the area under a curve, amon
∫f(x) dx

If F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x), then:


∫f(x) dx = F(x) + C
where C is the constant of integration.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus links differentiation and integration:


1. If F'(x) = f(x), then ∫f(x) dx = F(x) + C.
2. The definite integral from a to b is given by:
∫[a, b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

Applications of integration include computing areas, solving differential equations, and finding the accu

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