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    Rates and catalysts guided reading

    Uploaded by

    Shilpy Saini

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rates and catalysts guided reading

    Uploaded by

    Shilpy Saini
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Rates and catalysts guided reading

    Uploaded by

    Shilpy Saini

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    11 Define 2 keywords from the extract in the space below

    10 List the keywords from the text. Put a star next to the ones you do not know
    the definition of.

    9
    1 What is the rate of a reaction? Rates of reaction Explain why catalysts are used
    in industrial processes.

    Chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy to react. The rate of a reaction refers to how quickly the
    reactants are converted into products. Several factors can affect this rate, including temperature, surface area, concentration, and
    pressure.
    Name the factors that affect
    2 the rate of reaction. Firstly, temperature plays a crucial role in reaction rates. When the temperature increases, the particles gain more energy and move faster
    and collide more frequently. This results in a higher rate of reaction. For example, when cooking food, higher temperatures cause the food
    to cook faster because the chemical reactions within the food occur more quickly.

    Secondly, the surface area of the reactants affects the rate of reaction. If a reactant is in the form of a powder, it will react faster than if it is
    in a solid block. This is because the powder has a greater surface area, allowing more particles to collide at the same time. This principle is
    often used in industries to speed up chemical processes. 8 What is a reversible reaction?

    Another important factor is the concentration of the reactants. A higher concentration means that there are more particles in a given
    volume. This leads to more frequent collisions and therefore a faster reaction rate. For instance, in a solution, increasing the concentration
    of a dissolved reactant can significantly speed up the reaction.
    3 How does temperature affect
    the rate of a reaction?
    Pressure also impacts the rate of reactions, especially for gases. Increasing the pressure pushes the gas particles closer together, resulting
    in more collisions and a faster reaction rate. This concept is applied in processes like the Haber process for synthesising ammonia, where
    high pressure increases the production rate.

    Catalysts are substances that speed up reactions without being used up in the process. They work by providing an alternative reaction
    pathway with a lower activation energy. This means that more particles have enough energy to react when they collide

    Catalysts are used in many industrial processes to increase efficiency and reduce costs. For example, in the manufacture of ammonia, iron
    is used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen. 7 What is a catalyst? Can you
    name an industrial process
    where a catalyst is used?
    Reversible reactions are a type of chemical reaction where the reactants can form products, which can then react to form the original
    reactants. This means that the reaction can go both forwards and backwards. An example of a reversible reaction is the synthesis of
    4 Why does powdered reactant
    react faster than a solid block
    ammonia in the Haber process, where nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia, but ammonia can also break down back into
    nitrogen and hydrogen under certain conditions.
    of the same substance?
    Understanding the factors that affect the rate of reactions and the role of catalysts is essential for controlling chemical processes in both
    laboratory and industrial settings. By manipulating these factors, chemists can optimize reactions to achieve desired outcomes more
    efficiently.

    5 What happens to the reaction rate when the


    concentration of a reactant is increased?
    6 What happens to the reaction rate when the concentration of a reactant is increased?

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