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Javascript Study Material

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11 views8 pages

Javascript Study Material

Uploaded by

Harsh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript Exam Study Material

1. Functions in JavaScript

Definition:

A function is a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Functions can accept parameters and return values.

Syntax:

function functionName(parameter1, parameter2) {

// Code to execute

return result;

Passing and Returning Parameters:

Example:

function add(a, b) {

return a + b;

let result = add(5, 3); // Passing parameters 5 and 3

console.log(result); // Output: 8

Passing Function by Reference:

Example:

function displayResult(sumFunction, x, y) {

let result = sumFunction(x, y);

console.log("Result:", result);

function sum(a, b) {

return a + b;

}
displayResult(sum, 4, 6); // Output: Result: 10

2. Anonymous Functions

Definition:

Anonymous functions are functions without a name. They are often used as arguments to other functions or assigned to

variables.

Example:

let greet = function(name) {

console.log("Hello, " + name);

};

greet("John"); // Output: Hello, John

Use in Arrays:

Example:

let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];

numbers.forEach(function(num) {

console.log(num * 2);

});

// Output: 2, 4, 6, 8

3. Objects in JavaScript

Definition:

Objects in JavaScript are collections of properties (key-value pairs).

Common Properties and Methods:

- hasOwnProperty(key): Checks if a property exists.

- Object.keys(object): Returns an array of keys.


- Object.values(object): Returns an array of values.

Example:

let person = {

name: "Alice",

age: 25,

greet: function() {

console.log("Hello, " + this.name);

};

console.log(person.name); // Output: Alice

person.greet(); // Output: Hello, Alice

4. Arrays as Stacks and Queues

- Stack: Use push() and pop() (Last-In-First-Out).

- Queue: Use push() and shift() (First-In-First-Out).

Example:

let stack = [];

stack.push(1); // [1]

stack.push(2); // [1, 2]

stack.pop(); // Removes 2 -> [1]

let queue = [];

queue.push(1); // [1]

queue.push(2); // [1, 2]

queue.shift(); // Removes 1 -> [2]

5. Regular Expressions

Definition:
Regular Expressions (RegEx) are patterns used to match strings.

Basic Syntax:

let pattern = /hello/;

let result = pattern.test("hello world");

console.log(result); // Output: true

Character Classes:

- \d: Matches digits.

- \w: Matches word characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _).

- \s: Matches whitespace.

Example:

let pattern = /\d+/; // Matches one or more digits

console.log(pattern.test("abc123")); // Output: true

Lookahead and Lookbehind:

Example:

let pattern = /\d(?=abc)/;

console.log("2abc".match(pattern)); // Output: ["2"]

6. DOM (Document Object Model)

Definition:

The DOM is an interface that represents the structure of an HTML document as a tree.

Accessing DOM Elements:

document.getElementById("id");

document.getElementsByClassName("class");

document.querySelector(".class");

Changing Content:

Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1 id="title">Hello World</h1>

<button onclick="changeText()">Click Me</button>

<script>

function changeText() {

document.getElementById("title").innerText = "Text Changed!";

</script>

</body>

</html>

7. Event Handling

Events:

- onclick: Triggered when an element is clicked.

- onmouseover: Triggered when the mouse hovers.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<div onmouseover="changeColor(this)" style="width:100px; height:100px; background-color:blue;"></div>

<script>

function changeColor(element) {

element.style.backgroundColor = "red";

</script>

</body>

</html>
8. Form Handling

Form Validation Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<form onsubmit="return validateForm()">

Name: <input type="text" id="name" />

<input type="submit" value="Submit" />

</form>

<script>

function validateForm() {

let name = document.getElementById("name").value;

if (name === "") {

alert("Name must not be empty!");

return false;

return true;

</script>

</body>

</html>

9. Window Methods and Features

Methods:

- alert(): Displays an alert box.

- confirm(): Displays a confirmation box.

Example:

if (confirm("Do you want to proceed?")) {

alert("Proceeding!");
} else {

alert("Canceled.");

10. Practice Programs

1. Calculator:

function calculate(op, a, b) {

switch (op) {

case "add":

return a + b;

case "subtract":

return a - b;

case "multiply":

return a * b;

case "divide":

return a / b;

default:

return "Invalid operation";

console.log(calculate("add", 5, 3)); // Output: 8

2. Form Validation Example:

<form onsubmit="return validate()">

Email: <input type="email" id="email" />

<input type="submit" />

</form>

<script>

function validate() {

let email = document.getElementById("email").value;


if (!email.includes("@")) {

alert("Invalid email!");

return false;

return true;

</script>

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