Summer 2021 A Few Problems Victor Rong

Problem 1: Ehrmann’s Third Lemoine Circle [2]

Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and Lemoine point K. The circumcircle of
KBC intersects lines AB and AC again at points Ac and Ab , respectively. Ba , Bc , Cb , Ca
are defined similarly. Prove that Ac Ab Ba Bc Cb Ca is cyclic and that its circumcenter M lies
on line OK such that OK : KM = 2 : 1.

Cb Bc

C M B
Ba Ca

Ab

Ac

a) Prove that K is the centroid of 4AAc Ab .

b) Prove that Bc Cb ||BC.

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Problem 2: Parry Reflection Point [3]

Let ABC be a triangle and let α, β, γ be three parallel lines passing through A, B, and C,
respectively. Let α0 be the reflection of α over BC and define β 0 and γ 0 similarly. Prove that
α0 , β 0 , and γ 0 concur if and only if α, β, γ are parallel to the Euler line of ABC.

B0

C0

C B

A0
a) (Anti-Steiner Point). Let ` be a line in the plane of a triangle ABC. Prove that its reflections
in the sidelines BC, CA, and AB are concurrent if and only if ` passes through the orthocenter
H of ABC. In this case, their point of concurrency lies on the circumcircle.
b) Let P be a point in the plane of ABC and let ` be a line parallel to α, β, γ and passing
through P . Prove that the bisectors of the three angles formed by ` with each of α0 , β 0 , and
γ 0 form a triangle homothetic to ABC.

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Problem 3: Fontene’s Third Theorem [4]

Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O. Let P and Q be isogonal conjugates with
respect to triangle ABC. Prove that the pedal circle of P is tangent to the nine-point circle
of ABC if and only if O, P , and Q are collinear.

L A

C2
B1 X
C1
B2

P
O
F

C A2 A1 B

a) Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and let P be a point in the plane. Let A1 B1 C1 be
the medial triangle of ABC and let A2 B2 C2 be the pedal triangle of P with respect to triangle
ABC. Let L be the reflection of A2 over line B1 C1 . Let F be the foot of the perpendicular
from A to line OP . Prove that F L, B1 C1 , and B2 C2 are concurrent.
b) (Fontene’s First Theorem). With the same points above, let X be the intersection of B1 C1
and B2 C2 . Define Y and Z similarly. Prove that A2 X, B2 Y, C2 Z are concurrent, and that
the point of concurrency lies on the circumcircle of A1 B1 C1 and the circumcircle of A2 B2 C2 .
c) (Fontene’s Second Theorem). If a point P moves on a fixed line ` which passes through the
circumcenter O of ABC, then the pedal circle of P intersects the nine-point circle of ABC
at a fixed point.

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Problem 4: Lester’s Theorem [1]

Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O, nine-point center N , and Fermat points F1 and
F2 . Prove that O, N, F1 , F2 are concyclic.

Sb

Sc

F2 Tc
O

G N
Tb
Ta F1

C B

Sa
a) (Fermat Points.) Equilateral triangles BCA1 and BCA2 are drawn such that A1 , A are on
opposite sides of BC and A2 , A are on the same side of BC. B1 , B2 , C1 , C2 are constructed
similarly. Prove that the circumcircles of BCA1 , CAB1 , ABC1 concur at a point F1 and the
circumcircles of BCA2 , CAB2 , ABC2 concur at a point F2 . These two points of concurrency
are known as the first and second Fermat points, respectively.
b) Let G be the centroid of ABC. Let Ta and Sa be the circumcenters of BCA1 and BCA2 ,
respectively and define Tb , Sb , Tc , Sc similarly. Prove that Sa Sb Sc F1 and Ta Tb Tc F2 are two
cyclic quadrilaterals with circumcenter G.
c) Let XY Z be a triangle and let Y 0 and Z 0 be the reflections of Y and Z over XZ and XY ,
respectively. Let ` be the tangent to the circumcircle of XY 0 Z 0 at X. Lines Y Z and Y 0 Z 0
intersect ` at points W and W 0 respectively. Prove that X is the midpoint of W W 0 .
d) Prove that the Euler line of ABC is tangent to the circumcircle of GF1 F2 .

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References

[1] Nikolai Ivanov Beluhov. An Elementary Proof of Lester’s Theorem. https://jcgeometry.

org/Articles/Volume1/JCG2012V1pp53-56.pdf, 2012.

[2] Darij Grinberg. Ehrmann’s Third Lemoine Circle. https://jcgeometry.org/Articles/

Volume1/JCG2012V1pp40-52.pdf, 2012.

[3] Cosmin Pohoata. On the Parry Reflection Point. https://forumgeom.fau.edu/

FG2008volume8/FG200806.pdf, 2008.

[4] Nguyen Duc Toan. Anti-Steiner Point Revisited. https://www.awesomemath.org/

wp-pdf-files/math-reflections/mr-2020-06/mr_6_2020_anti-steiner_point_
revisited.pdf, 2020.

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