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General Explanation & Solved Problems

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21 views19 pages

General Explanation & Solved Problems

Class activity

Uploaded by

aliyijemal28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Explanation

If more than two forces are to be added, successive applications


of the parallelogram law can be carried out in order to obtain
the resultant force. For Example, if three forces , and act
at a point O. in figure shown below.

The resultant of any two of the forces is found, say, and


then this resultant is added to the third force, yielding the
resultant of all three forces: i.e., .

Problems that involve the addition of two forces can be solved


as follows:

Parallelogram Law:

Two “component” forces and in figure below add according


to the parallelogram law, yielding a resultant force that
forms the diagonal of the parallelogram.
If a force is to be resolved into components along two axes
and , then start at the head of force and construct lines
parallel to the axes, thereby forming the parallelogram. The
sides of the parallelogram represent the components, and .

Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and the
angles on the sketch and identify the two unknowns as the
magnitude and direction of , or the magnitudes of its
componets.

Trigonometry:

Redraw a half portion of the parallelogram to illustrate the


triangular head-to-tail addition of the components.

From this triangle, the magnitude of the resultant force can


be determined using the law of cosines, and its direction is
determined from the law of sines. The magnitude of two force
components is determined from the law of sines. The formulas
are given by:

Cosines Law

𝑪 𝐀𝟐 𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟐𝑨𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒄

Sines Law
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄
Solved Problems

Q1. The screw eye in the figure below is subjected to two


forces, and . Determine the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force.

Solution: The parallelogram is formed by drawing a line from the


head of that is parallel to , and another line from the head
of that is parallel to .

The resultant force extends to where these lines intersect at


point A. The two unknowns are the magnitude of and the angle
.
From the parallelogram, the vector triangle is constructed, in
the figure below. Using the law of cosines

− −

Applying the law of sines to determine ,

Thus, the direction ( ) of , measure from the horizontal, is


Q2. Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force in figure shown below
into components acting along the and axes and determine the
magnitudes of these components.

Solution: The parallelogram is constructed by extending a line


from the head of the 600-lb force parallel to the axis until
it intersects the axis at point B.

The arrow from A to B represents . Similarly, the line extended


from the head of the 600-lb force drawn parallel to the -axis
intersects the -axis at point C, which gives .
The vector addition using the triangle rule is shown below in
figure.

The two unknowns are the magnitudes of and . Applying the


law of sines,

Note: The result for shows that sometimes a component can have
a greater magnitude than the resultant.

Q3. Determine the magnitude of the components force in the


figure shown below. The magnitude of the resultant force if
is directed along the positive y-axis.
Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle
rule as shown in the figure below.

The triangle rule is also shown in the figure below. The


magnitude of and are the two unknowns.

They can be determined by applying the law of sines.


Q4. It is required that the resultant force acting on the
eyebolt in figure shown below, be directed along the possitive -
axis and that have a minimum magnitude. Determine this
magnitude, the angle , and the corresponding resultant force.

The triangle rule for is shown in figure below.

Since the magnitude of and are not specified, then can


actually be any vector that has its head touching the line of
action of .
However, from the figure shown above, the magnitude of is a
minimum or the shortest length when its line of action is
perpendicular to the line of action of , that is, when

Since the vector addition now forms a right triangle, the two
unknown magnitudes can be obtained by trigonometry.

Fig.1.1
Q5.From the above Fig.1.1., If and ,determine the
magnitude of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt and its
direction measured clockwise from the positive -axis.

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.
Applying the law of cosines to determine the magnitude of :
−

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields

Thus, the direction angle of measured clockwise from the


possitive -axis is:

Q6.From the above Fig.1.1., If and ,determine the


magnitude of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt and its
direction measured clockwise from the positive -axis.

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.
Applying the law of cosines to determine the magnitude of :
−

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields

Thus, the direction angle of measured clockwise from the


possitive -axis is:

Q7. From the above Fig.1.1., If the magnitude of the resultant


force is to be directed along the possitive -axis,determine
the magnitude of force acting on the eyebolt and its angle .

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.
Applying the law of cosines to determine the magnitude of :
−

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields

Fig.1.2.

Q8. From the above Fig.1.2.,Determine the magnitude of the


resultant force acting on the bracket and its direction measured
counterclockwise from the possitive -axis.

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.
Applying the law of cosines to determine the magnitude of :
−

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields

Thus, the direction angle of measured clockwise from the


possitive -axis is:

Q9. From the above Fig.1.2.,Resolve into components along the


and -axis, and determine the magnitude of these components.

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields


Q10. From the above Fig.1.2.,Resolve into components along the
and -axis, and determine the magnitude of these components.

Solution: The parallelogram law of addition and the triangle


rule as shown in the figure below.

Applying the law of sines and using this result, yields


Practice question:

Fig.1.3.

Q11. From the above Fig.1.3.,If and the resultant force


acts along the possitive -axis, determine the magnitude of the
resultant force and the angle .

Ans. ,

Q12. From the above Fig.1.3., If the resultant force is required


to act along the positive -axis and have a magnitude of
,determine the required magnitude of and its direction .

Ans. ,

Fig.1.4.
Q13. From the above Fig.1.4., The plate is subjected to the two
forces at A and B as shown. If , determine the magnitude of
the resultant of these two forces and its direction measured
clockwise from the horizontal.

Ans. ,

Q14. From the above Fig.1.4., Determine the angle of for


connecting member A to the plate so that the resultant force of
and is directed horizontally to the right. Also, what is
the magnitude of the resultant force?

Ans. ,

Q15. Determine the design angle between struts AB


and AC so that the 400-lb horizontal force has a components of
600-lb which acts up to the left, in the same direction as from
B towards A. Take

Ans. ,

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