CONTEXT

1. Introduction
o Brief overview of power electronics and its importance in modern
applications.
o Purpose of the visit to VIT College of Technology.
2. PSIM Software Simulations
o Introduction to PSIM software.
o Simulation process for the boost converter.
o Simulation process for the buck converter.
3. Discussion on Power Electronics Devices
o Overview of DC-DC Boost Converters.
o Overview of DC-DC Buck Converters.
o Overview of Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) DC-DC Converters.
4. Closed-Loop System Design
o Closed Loop Design of Boost Converter.
o Closed Loop Design of Buck Converter.
5. Inference
o Design plan for the required hybrid system based on learnig

6. Conclusion
o Summary of the learning experience.
o Applications of these converters in the automobile industry.
o Future scope of the study and further simulations.
Power Electronics Converters and PSIM Simulations: A Study

1. Introduction

Power electronics is a crucial field in modern engineering, allowing efficient conversion,

control, and management of electrical power. It plays a vital role in applications like
renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, power supply systems, and various other
domains. As part of my ongoing studies in automobile engineering, I had the opportunity to
visit the VIT College of Technology with my friend Amjath. The purpose of this visit was to
meet Dr.D.Elangovan, Deputy Director of TIFAC Core, to gain insights into various power
electronics devices, particularly DC-DC converters. The focus of our discussion revolved
around boost converters, buck converters, multi-input single-output (MISO) converters, and
single-input multi-output (SIMO) converters.

This report provides a detailed account of the devices we studied, the calculations involved
in their closed-loop systems, and the hands-on experience we gained using PSIM software
to simulate these converters.

2. PSIM Software Simulations

After gaining theoretical knowledge, we had the opportunity to simulate both the boost and
buck converters using PSIM software, which is widely used for power electronics
simulations.

 Boost Converter Simulation In PSIM, we created a basic model of a boost converter

by configuring the inductor, capacitor, switch, and diode. By varying the input
parameters such as the input voltage and duty cycle, we were able to observe the
increase in output voltage. The simulation provided us with real-time data on how
changing certain parameters affects the overall performance of the system.
 Buck Converter Simulation Similarly, we modelled a buck converter and observed
the step-down of voltage. The simulation helped us understand how various factors,
such as the load and switching frequency, influence the converter's efficiency. The
 results of the simulations closely matched the theoretical values we had calculated
earlier, reinforcing our understanding of the concepts.

3. Discussion on Power Electronics Devices

The devices that were discussed during the session are key components in power
management systems. Each has unique functionalities, and the ability to understand their
design and applications is critical in designing efficient systems for various industries,
including the automotive sector.

DC-DC Boost Converter A boost converter, also known as a step-up converter, increases the
input voltage to a higher output voltage. It is widely used in applications where higher
voltage is needed from a lower voltage source, such as in electric vehicles where a battery
provides lower voltage, but certain components require higher voltage to function. The
basic working principle involves the storage of energy in an inductor during the "on" state
and releasing it at a higher voltage during the "off" state.

Boost converter formulae

 Vo=Vg÷ (1−D)
 ΔI l=(Vg × D)÷( L× F )
 Δ Vo=(Vo × D)÷(R × C × F )
 ΔI l=Ripple percentage× Input Current
 Δ Vo=Ripple percentage×Output Voltage
 DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER FOR OPEN LOOP
SYSTEM

 DC-DC Buck Converter A buck converter, on the other hand, is a step-down

converter, meaning it reduces the input voltage to a lower output voltage. This
converter is essential in applications where components require lower operating
voltages than the supply voltage. For instance, in automotive electronics, various
sensors and control units need a stable low voltage supply, which can be efficiently
managed using buck converters.

Buck converter formulae

 Vo=Vg× D
 ΔI l=(Vg × D)÷( L× F )
 Δ Vo=(Vo × D)÷(R × C × F )
 ΔI l=Ripple percentage× Output Current
 Δ Vo=Ripple percentage×Output Voltage
 DC-DC CONVERTER FOR OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

 Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) DC-DC Converter A MISO converter is designed to

accept multiple input power sources and provide a single, stable output. This kind of
converter is beneficial in hybrid systems where multiple power sources, like solar
panels and batteries, are combined to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
Dr.D.Elangovan explained how these systems help in optimizing energy usage and
increasing system efficiency.

Multi input single output formulae

 Vo=Vg× D
 ΔI l=(Vg × D)÷( L× F )
 Δ Vo=(Vo × D)÷(R × C × F )
 ΔI l=Ripple percentage× Output Current
 Δ Vo=Ripple percentage×Output Voltage
 MULTI INPUT SINGLE OUTPUT DC-DC CONVERTER

4. Closed-Loop System

A closed-loop system is essential for ensuring the stable operation of power converters. In
such a system, feedback is used to continuously adjust the output based on the desired set
point. Dr.D.Elangovan provided us with detailed explanations of the calculations required to
design closed-loop systems for DC-DC converters.

 Boost Converter
 DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER FOR CLOSED LOOP
SYSTEM
 Buck Converter

DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER FOR CLOSED LOOP

SYSTEM

5. Inference

From this learning we will be able to design a close loop DC-DC Boost converter for fuel cell
system and design a power flow controller for the battery where we can control and limit
the amount of power flow from the battery and try to hybridize the power flow system
according to the requirement

We have a motor of 1.2kW and a battery of 5kWh and a fuel cell with maximum output of
1kW. So with the help of the control system we will design a system in such a way that we
will limit the battery power by controlling the C ratting with a power output of 800W and
allow the fuel cell output to be 800W maximum ensuring battery SOC in extended .

6. Conclusion

The session with Dr.D.Elangovan and the simulations using PSIM software were invaluable in
deepening our understanding of power electronics. We learned about the importance of
DC-DC converters in modern systems, particularly in the automotive industry, where
efficient power management is critical. The calculations and simulations not only enhanced
our theoretical knowledge but also gave us practical insights into the behaviour of these
converters in real-world scenarios.

As we continue our studies, we plan to further explore more complex converters and
control systems, aiming to apply these technologies in automotive applications such as
electric vehicles and renewable energy integration.