International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM)

ISSN: 2350-0557, Volume-9, Issue-4, August 2022

https://doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.4.28
Article ID IJIR-1253, Pages 150-153
www.ijirem.org

VLSI Design and Implementation of Electronic Voting Machine

M. Raja Kumar1, Bellamkonda Anitha2, Ravva Pravallika3, Chunchu Naveen4, and
Bandaru Ramakrishna5
1
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PACE Institute of Technology and Sciences, Ongole,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2,3,4,5
UG Students, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PACE Institute of Technology and Sciences,
Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Correspondence should be addressed to M. Raja Kumar; [email protected]
Copyright © 2022 Made to M. Raja Kumar et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT- In place of the ballot papers and boxes that II. LITERATURE REVIEW
were formerly used in traditional voting systems, an EVM,
Ashwini Baligatti et al. [1] implemented a new ‘free area
or electronic voting machine, is used to record votes. The
estimator’ that helps improve performance of simulated
fundamental right to vote, or simply the capacity to cast a
annealing algorithms. Some of the simulation results have
ballot, is the cornerstone of democracy. Voters would mark
been reported. Near optimal results can be obtained by non-
the name of their favourite candidate with a stamp in prior
deterministic methods such as simulated annealing.
elections, whether they were state or center elections, fold
Annealing can be simulated as a stochastic process with
the ballot paper following the instructions, and then place it
several known and un-known variables in the process.
in the ballot box. This is a time-consuming, difficult, and
Ojha et al.[2] covers controller, their construction, and a
error-prone operation. This arrangement persisted until
variety of properties. Choosing a microcontroller for a
computerized voting machines drastically altered the
given application is very challenging. The success or failure
election scene. There is no longer a need for ballot paper,
of any project is mainly determined by the microcontroller
ballot boxes, stamping, etc. The electronic voting machine's
unit used. In this article, a short review of the unit is given
ballot unit is a straightforward box. Biometric identifiers
in terms of making the best choice for a certain application.
are thought to be more trustworthy than conventional token
Many companies produce microcontrollers in large
or knowledge-based approaches for person recognition
quantities.
since they cannot be readily lost, faked, or exchanged.
Voting is the only requirement for citizens to select their
Therefore, depending on contemporary technologies, such
representatives in any vote-based system. Because of this,
as the biometric system, the electronic voting system needs
every step of the process should be carefully considered to
to be enhanced. This article offers a thorough analysis of
ensure that only a just and deserving candidate is selected
voting devices, problems, and comparisons of various
exclusively on the basis of popular vote. In the past,
voting processes and biometric EVMs.
verdicts were rendered using a poll paper structure, in
which voters might support their opponent by simply
I. INTRODUCTION stamping against their name. However, this method was
The technique of building an integrated circuit (IC) using prone to errors in vote counting and unjustifiable results.
hundreds of thousands of transistors or other devices into Each of these disparities was addressed by the development
The term very large-scale integration (VLSI) refers to a of electronic voting machines [4]. A simple electronic
single chip. VLSI was created in the 1970s, during a time device called an electronic voting machine is used to
when advanced semiconductor and communication automatically record votes rather than using paper ballots
technologies were being developed semiconductor and that must be operated by hand. Any democracy's foundation
communication. The microprocessor is a VLSI device. The is the fundamental freedom to vote.
invention of VLSI technology came before the majority of
ICs could only accomplish a small number of tasks. The
components of an electronic circuit may include a CPU,
ROM, RAM, and other glue logic [3]. All of these may be
incorporated into a single chip thanks to VLSI. The size of
the circuit was one issue. The speed of a complicated circuit
like a computer was crucial. The wires connecting the
components had to be long if the components were big. The
circuit needed some time to process the electric impulses,
which fixed the computer.

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III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Figure 1: Block Diagram of EVM

In Figure 1 the proposed method uses a finger printer that is candidate's registry[6][8]. The aforementioned strategy can
Adhaar-based and is a more secure and safe voting be applied to FPGA because it has the benefit of being
mechanism. The old paper-based selection method required reprogrammable numerous times for various jobs, making it
a lot of time and was prone to mistakes. The polling of very cost-effective by avoiding recurring costs.At last from
electronic mechanical devices (EVMs) is a quick, easy, and Figure 4 the election is declared over in stage three once the
secure technology. From Figure 2 and 3, they proposed votes have been counted and verified by comparing them to
digital EVM was developed on the FPGA Artix7 using the voters' registrations of the candidates.
Verilog HDL. Three steps make up the suggested method
[5]. In the first, we count the total number of voters and IV. RESULT
candidates taking part in the election. Voting enable, which
is an active high input signal for the voter to cast his vote The VLSI design and implementation of this Electronic
using the voter switch input signal, was assigned to make Voting Machine represent a significant advancement in
this election process more secure and safe. The traditional election technology. It combines user-friendliness,
paper-based voting process was highly laborious, error- efficiency, and robust security measures to ensure fair and
prone, and took a very long time. Polling using an transparent elections. The performance evaluation
electronic mechanical mechanism (EVM) is a simple, demonstrates its reliability, and the security features
secure way that requires the least amount of your time. mitigate potential threats, making it a valuable asset in
Verilog HDL was used in the design of the proposed digital modern democracies.
EVM, which was implemented on a Spartan 3 FPGA. The The VLSI design of the Electronic Voting Machine consists
suggested method has three steps, the first of which of various components, including a microcontroller unit
establishes the total number of voters and candidates (MCU), memory modules, input interfaces (keypad and/or
running for office. Voting enable, an active high input touch screen), display unit, and secure communication
signal that the voter must utilize while using the voter modules. The architecture is optimized for low power
switch input signal, has been allocated to make this election consumption and high-speed operation. VLSI design and
process more secure and safe. Stage two of the voting implementation of electronic voting Machine is shown as
process begins when a voter casts a ballot for a particular the Synthesis report for HDL program and as the simulation
candidate or party, and the ballot is registered in each result which is shown in below figures 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 2: Synthesis report for HDL program

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Figure 3: Simulation result for electronic voting machine using HDL

Figure 4: Result and analysis for the CLK analysis for the party voting timing cycle

V. CONCLUSION determines that they are eligible to vote, the poll worker
will let them cast their ballot.
The Xilinx-based electronic voting equipment complied
with election regulations, enrolling all eligible voters and
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
candidates in the first round, [8]letting the voter choose a
party of his choosing in the second round, and confirming The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
the results in the third round. The outcome of the election is
determined in the final phase, which compares all of the REFERENCES
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