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Problem 1
Determine the sunlight pressure and the force acting on an opaque surface with sides of 3×5 m if
the reflectivity of the surface is f = 0.6, and the sunlight intensity is I = 1500 W/m2 .
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Problem 2
A satellite of m = 5 kg mass was launched into space. It has a perfectly reflective sail with sides of
5×5 m, which is exposed to sunlight with the intensity of I = 1500 W/m2 . Neglecting the
gravitational force and the initial speed, determine the acceleration of the satellite and its speed due
to the sunlight pressure after a year in space.
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Problem 3
Taking into account the sunlight pressure and the Sun’s gravity, calculate the acceleration of dust
particles with diameters of d1 = 0.1 μm and d2 =1 μm. The particles are l = 1.5∙1011 m from the Sun,
their reflectivity is f = 0.2, and their density is ρ = 3000 kg/m3 . The Sun’s mass is M = 2∙1030 kg,
and its intensity at the given distance is I = 1500 W/m2 .
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Problem 4
Determine the maximum speed of electrons ejected from a photocathode if the photocurrent stops at
the retarding voltage of U = 3.7 V.
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Problem 5
The cut-off wavelength for some substance is λm = 500 nm. Determine the minimum photon energy
required to cause the photoelectric effect.
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Problem 6
Determine the work function of a tungsten electrode if its cut-off wavelength is λm = 275 nm.
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Problem 7
Light with λ = 330 nm wavelength is incident on the surface of a metal electrode, resulting in the
electron emission from the electrode surface. Given the speed of the emitted electrons of υ =
787 km/s, determine the following:
a) Spectral region (IR, visible, UV, X-ray, etc.) of the incident light.
b) Energy of the incident photons in electron-volts.
c) Kinetic energy of the ejected electrons in electron-volts.
d) Electronic work function of the electrode in electron-volts.
e) Cut-off wavelength of light for the electron emission.
f) Spectral region (IR, visible, UV, X-ray, etc.) of the light with the cut-off wavelength required
for the photoelectric effect.
g) Electron kinetic energy when the electrode is exposed to light with λ = 800 nm wavelength.
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Problem 8
The cut-off wavelength of light that causes the photoelectric effect for rubidium is λ m = 540 nm.
Determine the following:
a) Work function of rubidium in electron-volts.
b) Kinetic energy of the electrons emitted when rubidium is exposed to light with the
wavelength of λ = 400 nm.
c) Maximum speed of the electrons emitted when rubidium is exposed to light with the
wavelength of λ = 400 nm.
d) Retarding voltage required to stop the electrons with the speed determined above.
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Problem 9
A potassium photocathode with the work function of W = 2.2 eV is exposed to light with the
wavelength of λ = 400 nm. Determine the minimum retarding voltage required to stop the
photocurrent.
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Problem 10
The cut-off wavelength for a particular metal is λm = 500 nm. Determine the following:
a) Work function of the metal.
b) Maximum speed of electrons ejected from the metal when it is exposed to light with the
wavelength of λ = 400 nm.
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Problem 11
Determine the cut-off wavelength of a photocathode if the photocurrent resulted from expose to
light with the wavelength of λ = 400 nm stops when the retarding voltage reaches U = 1.2 V.
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Problem 12
Determine to what potential an isolated silver ball will be charged when exposed to light with the
wavelength of λ = 210 nm. The work function of silver is W = 4.7 eV.
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Problem 13
X-ray radiation is scattered by free electrons. Determine the wavelength of the incident X-ray
radiation if the wavelength of the radiation scattered at the angle of θ = 60° is λ' = 57 pm.
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Problem 14
A photon with energy of E0 = 1.025 MeV was scattered by a free rest electron. Determine the
scattering angle of the photon if the wavelength of the scattered photon was λ' = 2.43 pm.
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Problem 15
Due to Compton effect, the scattered photons at the angle of θ = 135° have the energy of E' =
20 keV. Determine the wavelength of the scattered radiation λ', the wavelength of the incident
radiation λ0 , and the kinetic energy of the scattered electrons Ek .
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Problem 16
Determine the energy, momentum, and mass of a photon with the wavelength of λ = 500 nm.
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Problem 17
Determine how fast an electron must move so that its momentum is equal to the momentum of a
photon with the wavelength of λ = 500 nm.
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Problem 18
Determine how fast an electron must move so that its kinetic energy is equal to the energy of a
photon with the wavelength of λ = 500 nm.
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Problem 19
Determine the de Broglie wavelength of a person with a mass of mp = 60 kg running at υp = 20 m/s
and the de Broglie wavelength of a bullet with a mass of mb = 10 g traveling at υb = 60 m/s.
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Problem 20
Determine the de Broglie wavelength of an electron with the kinetic energy of E = 1 keV.
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Problem 21
Determine the de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated by the voltage of U = 100 V.
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Problem 22
Determine the mass of a proton if after acceleration by the voltage of U = 500 V it had the de
Broglie wavelength of λ = 1.282 pm.
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Problem 23
Determine the energy and momentum of a photon and an electron with the wavelength of λ =
10-10 m.
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Problem 24
Determine the de Broglie wavelength of an electron in the third orbit of the hydrogen atom.
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