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Passing by REFERRENCE or VALUE

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ngoc26042005
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15 views6 pages

Passing by REFERRENCE or VALUE

Uploaded by

ngoc26042005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Passing by REFERRENCE Pass by VALUE

#include <iostream> #include <iostream>


void swap(std::string &x, void swap(std::string x,
std::string &y); std::string y);
int main(){ int main(){
std::string x = "Kool- std::string x = "Kool-
Aid"; Aid";
std::string y = "Water"; std::string y = "Water";
swap(x,y); swap(x,y);
std::cout << "X: " << x std::cout << "X: " << x
<< '\n'; << '\n';
std::cout << "Y: " << y std::cout << "Y: " << y
<< '\n'; << '\n';
return 0; return 0;
} }
void swap(std::string &x, void swap(std::string x,
std::string &y){ std::string y){
std::string temp; std::string temp;
temp = x; temp = x;
x = y; x = y;
y = temp; y = temp;
} }

// X: Water // X: Water
// Y: Kool-Aid // Y: Kool-Aid

Referring to the same address Switch values of the X and Y copies

for (size_t i {0}; i < 10; ++i) {


std::cout << "scores [" << i << "] : " << scores[i] <<
std::endl;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Write a txt file using <fstream> library

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
fstream newFile;
newFile.open("CaitlynKiramman.txt", ios::out); // write text
if(newFile.is_open()){
newFile << "Caitlyn Kiramman, I love you so much, you are the most
gorgeous girl I have ever laid my eyes on.\nPlease forgive Vi and come back to
her! She needs you!";
newFile.close();
}
newFile.open("CaitlynKiramman.txt", ios::app); // append text
if(newFile.is_open()){
newFile << "This is an append text\n";
newFile << "Vi is so adorable <3 pls Cait why did you do that!\n";
newFile.close();
}
system("pause>0");
}
Read a txt file using <fstream> library

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
fstream newFile;
newFile.open("CaitlynKiramman.txt", ios::in); // read file in console
if(newFile.is_open()){
string line;
while(getline(newFile, line)){
cout << line << endl;
}
newFile.close();
}
system("pause>0");
}
ofstream → writing to files (output)
ifstream → reading from files (input)

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main(){
char arr[100];
std::cout<<"Enter something about Caitlyn and Violet: ";
std::cin.getline(arr,696);

std::ofstream CaitVi("CaitVi.txt");
CaitVi<<arr;
CaitVi.close();
std::cout<<"\nFile write successfully"<<std::endl<<std::endl;

// Reading from file operation


std::cout<<"This is what you put into the txt file:\n";
char arr1[696];
std::ifstream obj("CaitVi.txt");
obj.getline(arr1,696);
std::cout<<arr1;
obj.close();
}

The other two standard streams cerr and clog are used to display messages when errors occur. Error
messages are displayed on screen even if standard output has been redirected to a file.
FUNCTION POINTERS

#include <iostream>
int Add(int a,int b){
return(a+b);
}
int main(){
int (*p)(int,int); // Declare a function pointer
p = &Add; // Assign pointer p to function Add (no ‘&’ is the same so its
okay)-> p = Add also works
int c;
c = (*p)(2,3); // Dereferencing and executing the function (p)(2,3) also
works
std::cout<<c;
// Ouput is 5
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
void printHello(){
std::cout<<"hello bitches!";
}
int main(){
void (*pPrintHello)();
pPrintHello = &printHello;
pPrintHello();
}

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