1.Write a Python program to count the number of lines in a text file.

def count_lines_in_file(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

lines = file.readlines()

print(f"Number of lines: {len(lines)}")

count_lines_in_file('example.txt')

2.Write a Python program to read each line from a text file and store it in a list.

def read_lines_into_list(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

lines = [line.strip() for line in file]

return lines

lines_list = read_lines_into_list('example.txt')

print(lines_list)

3. Write a Python program to find and display the longest word in a text file.

def find_longest_word(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

words = file.read().split()

longest_word = max(words, key=len)

print(f"Longest word: {longest_word}")

find_longest_word('example.txt')

4. Write a Python program to replace a word in a text file with another word.

def replace_word_in_file(filename, old_word, new_word):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

content = file.read()

content = content.replace(old_word, new_word)

with open(filename, 'w') as file:

file.write(content)

replace_word_in_file('example.txt', 'oldWord', 'newWord')

5. Write a Python program to merge the contents of two text files into a third file.

def merge_files(file1, file2, output_file):

with open(output_file, 'w') as outfile:

for filename in [file1, file2]:

with open(filename, 'r') as infile:

outfile.write(infile.read() + '\n')

merge_files('file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'merged.txt')

6. Write a Python program to read a text file and display only the lines that contain a specific word.

def display_lines_with_word(filename, word):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

lines = file.readlines()

for line in lines:

if word in line:

print(line.strip())

display_lines_with_word('example.txt', 'specificWord')

7. Write a Python program to read a text file and create a dictionary where the keys are the words and the
values are the counts of each word's occurrences.

def word_count_dictionary(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

content = file.read()

words = content.split()

word_count = {}

for word in words:

if word in word_count:

word_count[word] += 1

else:

word_count[word] = 1

return word_count
word_counts = word_count_dictionary('example.txt')

print(word_counts)

8. Write a Python program to read a text file, remove all the lines that contain a specific word, and save the
result to a new file.

def remove_lines_with_word(input_filename, output_filename, word):

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile:

lines = infile.readlines()

with open(output_filename, 'w') as outfile:

for line in lines:

if word not in line:

outfile.write(line)

remove_lines_with_word('example.txt', 'filtered.txt', 'removeWord')

9. Write a Python program to read a text file and generate a new file that contains only the unique lines from
the original file (ignoring duplicates).

def remove_duplicate_lines(input_filename, output_filename):

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile:

lines = infile.readlines()

unique_lines = list(dict.fromkeys(lines))

with open(output_filename, 'w') as outfile:

for line in unique_lines:

outfile.write(line)

remove_duplicate_lines('example.txt', 'unique_lines.txt')

10. Write a Python program that reads a text file of students' names and grades, calculates each student's
average grade, and writes the results (including whether they passed or failed) to a new file.

def calculate_student_averages(input_filename, output_filename):

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile:

lines = infile.readlines()

with open(output_filename, 'w') as outfile:

outfile.write('Student, Average Grade, Status\n')

outfile.write('-----------------------------\n')
 for line in lines:

parts = line.strip().split(',')

student_name = parts[0]

grades = list(map(int, parts[1:]))

average_grade = sum(grades) / len(grades)

status = 'Passed' if average_grade >= 60 else 'Failed'

outfile.write(f'{student_name}, {average_grade:.2f}, {status}\n')

calculate_student_averages('students_grades.txt', 'students_results.txt')

BINARY
1.Write a Python program to store a dictionary containing student names and their grades in a binary file and
then retrieve and print the data.

import pickle

# Dictionary of students and their grades

students_grades = {

'Alice': 85,

'Bob': 78,

'Charlie': 92,

'Diana': 88

# Write the dictionary to a binary file

with open('students_grades.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(students_grades, file)

# Read the dictionary back from the binary file

with open('students_grades.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_grades = pickle.load(file)
print("Students and their grades:", loaded_grades)

2. Write a Python program to create a list of tuples where each tuple contains a student’s name and a list of
their scores. Store this list in a binary file and then read and display the contents.

import pickle

# List of tuples with student names and their scores

students_scores = [

('Alice', [85, 90, 78]),

('Bob', [72, 88, 91]),

('Charlie', [90, 95, 85]),

('Diana', [88, 76, 92])

# Write the list of tuples to a binary file

with open('students_scores.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(students_scores, file)

# Read the list of tuples back from the binary file

with open('students_scores.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_scores = pickle.load(file)

print("Students and their scores:", loaded_scores)

3. Write a Python program to store a set of unique student IDs in a binary file and then retrieve and print the
set.

import pickle

# Set of unique student IDs

student_ids = {101, 102, 103, 104, 105}

# Write the set to a binary file

with open('student_ids.bin', 'wb') as file:

 pickle.dump(student_ids, file)

# Read the set back from the binary file

with open('student_ids.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_ids = pickle.load(file)

print("Set of student IDs:", loaded_ids)

4. Write a Python program to store a list of dictionaries where each dictionary contains a student’s name, age,
and grade. Save this list to a binary file and then read and display the data.

import pickle

# List of dictionaries with student details

students_details = [

{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 16, 'grade': 'A'},

{'name': 'Bob', 'age': 17, 'grade': 'B'},

{'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 16, 'grade': 'A'},

{'name': 'Diana', 'age': 17, 'grade': 'B'}

# Write the list of dictionaries to a binary file

with open('students_details.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(students_details, file)

# Read the list of dictionaries back from the binary file

with open('students_details.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_details = pickle.load(file)

print("Student details:", loaded_details)

5. Write a Python program to store a list of books where each book is represented as a dictionary with keys for
title, author, and year. Save this list to a binary file and then read and display the data.

import pickle

# List of books represented as dictionaries

books = [

{'title': 'To Kill a Mockingbird', 'author': 'Harper Lee', 'year': 1960},

{'title': '1984', 'author': 'George Orwell', 'year': 1949},

{'title': 'Moby Dick', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'year': 1851},

{'title': 'The Great Gatsby', 'author': 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', 'year': 1925}

# Write the list of books to a binary file

with open('books.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(books, file)

# Read the list of books back from the binary file

with open('books.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_books = pickle.load(file)

print("Books in the library:", loaded_books)

6. Write a Python program to store multiple lists of different items (e.g., a list of student names, a list of grades,
and a list of subjects) in a binary file and then retrieve and display the lists.

import pickle

# Multiple lists of different items

student_names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Diana']

grades = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'B']

subjects = ['Math', 'Science', 'English']

# Store the lists in a tuple

data = (student_names, grades, subjects)

# Write the tuple of lists to a binary file

with open('school_data.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(data, file)

# Read the tuple of lists back from the binary file

with open('school_data.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_data = pickle.load(file)

print("Student names:", loaded_data[0])

print("Grades:", loaded_data[1])

print("Subjects:", loaded_data[2])

7. Write a Python program to store a list of tasks where each task is represented as a dictionary containing a
task name, due date, and priority level. Save this list to a binary file and then retrieve and display the tasks.

import pickle

# List of tasks, each task is a dictionary

tasks = [

{'Task': 'Complete homework', 'Due Date': '2024-09-15', 'Priority': 'High'},

{'Task': 'Read chapter 5', 'Due Date': '2024-09-10', 'Priority': 'Medium'},

{'Task': 'Buy groceries', 'Due Date': '2024-09-07', 'Priority': 'Low'},

{'Task': 'Prepare presentation', 'Due Date': '2024-09-12', 'Priority': 'High'}

# Write the list of tasks to a binary file

with open('tasks.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(tasks, file)

# Read the list of tasks back from the binary file

with open('tasks.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_tasks = pickle.load(file)

print("Tasks List:")

for task in loaded_tasks:

 print(f"Task: {task['Task']}, Due Date: {task['Due Date']}, Priority: {task['Priority']}")

8. Write a Python program to store a dictionary of student attendance where each student’s name is the key
and the value is a list of boolean values representing their attendance over a week (True for present, False for
absent). Save this data to a binary file and then retrieve and display the attendance records.

import pickle

# Dictionary of student attendance over a week

attendance = {

'Alice': [True, True, False, True, True],

'Bob': [True, False, True, False, True],

'Charlie': [True, True, True, True, True],

'Diana': [False, True, False, True, False]

# Write the attendance dictionary to a binary file

with open('attendance.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(attendance, file)

# Read the attendance dictionary back from the binary file

with open('attendance.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_attendance = pickle.load(file)

print("Attendance Records:")

for student, days in loaded_attendance.items():

print(f"{student}: {['Present' if day else 'Absent' for day in days]}")

9. Write a Python program to store a dictionary of monthly expenses where the key is the month and the value
is a list of expenses for that month. Save this data to a binary file and then retrieve and display the expenses.

import pickle

# Dictionary of monthly expenses

expenses = {

'January': [200, 150, 300],

 'February': [250, 180, 220],

'March': [230, 170, 310],

'April': [240, 200, 260]

# Write the expenses dictionary to a binary file

with open('expenses.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(expenses, file)

# Read the expenses dictionary back from the binary file

with open('expenses.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_expenses = pickle.load(file)

print("Monthly Expenses:")

for month, expense_list in loaded_expenses.items():

print(f"{month}: {expense_list}")

10. Write a Python program to store a nested dictionary where the outer dictionary's keys are project names
and the values are dictionaries with task names as keys and task statuses (Completed/Incomplete) as values.
Save this data to a binary file and then retrieve and display the project tasks and statuses.

import pickle

# Nested dictionary of project tasks and their statuses

projects = {

'Project Alpha': {'Task 1': 'Completed', 'Task 2': 'Incomplete', 'Task 3': 'Completed'},

'Project Beta': {'Task 1': 'Incomplete', 'Task 2': 'Incomplete', 'Task 3': 'Completed'},

'Project Gamma': {'Task 1': 'Completed', 'Task 2': 'Completed', 'Task 3': 'Incomplete'}

# Write the nested dictionary to a binary file

with open('projects.bin', 'wb') as file:

pickle.dump(projects, file)

# Read the nested dictionary back from the binary file

with open('projects.bin', 'rb') as file:

loaded_projects = pickle.load(file)

print("Project Tasks and Statuses:")

for project, tasks in loaded_projects.items():

print(f"{project}:")

for task, status in tasks.items():

print(f" {task}: {status}")

CSV
1: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file containing student names and scores, and prints each student's
name and their average score.

import csv

def calculate_average(scores):

scores = list(map(float, scores))

return sum(scores) / len(scores)

def read_student_scores(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

next(reader) # Skip header

for row in reader:

name = row[0]

scores = row[1:]

average = calculate_average(scores)

print(f"Student: {name}, Average Score: {average:.2f}")

read_student_scores('students_scores.csv')
2: Write a Python program that writes a list of employee names and their salaries to a CSV file.

import csv

def write_employee_data(filename, employees):

with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

writer.writerow(['Name', 'Salary'])

for name, salary in employees:

writer.writerow([name, salary])

employees = [('John Doe', 50000), ('Jane Smith', 60000), ('Alice Johnson', 55000)]

write_employee_data('employee_salaries.csv', employees)

3: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file of product information and prints products that are out of
stock.

import csv

def check_stock(filename):

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

next(reader) # Skip header

for row in reader:

product_name = row[0]

stock = int(row[2])

if stock == 0:

print(f"Out of stock: {product_name}")

check_stock('products.csv')

4: Write a Python program that updates the price of a specific product in a CSV file and saves the changes.

import csv

def update_product_price(filename, product_name, new_price):

 rows = []

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

header = next(reader)

rows.append(header)

for row in reader:

if row[0] == product_name:

row[1] = new_price

rows.append(row)

with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

writer.writerows(rows)

update_product_price('products.csv', 'Widget', '19.99')

5: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file containing student names and scores, and writes a new CSV file
with students who scored above a specified threshold.

import csv

def filter_high_scores(input_filename, output_filename, threshold):

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile, open(output_filename, 'w', newline='') as outfile:

reader = csv.reader(infile)

writer = csv.writer(outfile)

header = next(reader)

writer.writerow(header)

for row in reader:

name = row[0]

scores = list(map(float, row[1:]))

average = sum(scores) / len(scores)

if average > threshold:

writer.writerow(row)
filter_high_scores('students_scores.csv', 'high_scorers.csv', 85)

6: Write a Python program that merges two CSV files with similar structures into one.

import csv

def merge_csv_files(file1, file2, output_file):

with open(file1, 'r') as f1, open(file2, 'r') as f2, open(output_file, 'w', newline='') as outfile:

reader1 = csv.reader(f1)

reader2 = csv.reader(f2)

writer = csv.writer(outfile)

header1 = next(reader1)

header2 = next(reader2)

if header1 == header2:

writer.writerow(header1)

else:

raise ValueError("CSV headers do not match")

for row in reader1:

writer.writerow(row)

for row in reader2:

writer.writerow(row)

merge_csv_files('file1.csv', 'file2.csv', 'merged.csv')

7: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file of books and their authors and creates a dictionary where the
authors are the keys and the list of their books are the values.

import csv

def create_author_book_dict(filename):
 author_books = {}

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

next(reader) # Skip header

for row in reader:

book = row[0]

author = row[1]

if author not in author_books:

author_books[author] = []

author_books[author].append(book)

return author_books

author_books = create_author_book_dict('books.csv')

for author, books in author_books.items():

print(f"Author: {author}, Books: {', '.join(books)}")

8: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file containing names and birthdates and calculates the age of each
person. Write the results to a new CSV file.

import csv

from datetime import datetime

def calculate_age(birthdate):

today = datetime.today()

birthdate = datetime.strptime(birthdate, '%Y-%m-%d')

return today.year - birthdate.year - ((today.month, today.day) < (birthdate.month, birthdate.day))

def process_birthdates(input_filename, output_filename):

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile, open(output_filename, 'w', newline='') as outfile:

reader = csv.reader(infile)

writer = csv.writer(outfile)

writer.writerow(['Name', 'Birthdate', 'Age'])

next(reader) # Skip header

 for row in reader:

name = row[0]

birthdate = row[1]

age = calculate_age(birthdate)

writer.writerow([name, birthdate, age])

process_birthdates('birthdates.csv', 'ages.csv')

9: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file with sales data and calculates the total sales for each product.
Write the results to a new CSV file.

import csv

from collections import defaultdict

def calculate_total_sales(input_filename, output_filename):

sales_totals = defaultdict(float)

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile:

reader = csv.reader(infile)

next(reader) # Skip header

for row in reader:

product = row[0]

amount = float(row[1])

sales_totals[product] += amount

with open(output_filename, 'w', newline='') as outfile:

writer = csv.writer(outfile)

writer.writerow(['Product', 'Total Sales'])

for product, total in sales_totals.items():

writer.writerow([product, total])

calculate_total_sales('sales.csv', 'total_sales.csv')
10: Write a Python program that reads a CSV file containing employee names and their monthly hours worked,
and calculates the total hours worked by each employee for the year (assuming 12 months). Write the results
to a new CSV file.

import csv

def calculate_yearly_hours(input_filename, output_filename):

employee_hours = {}

with open(input_filename, 'r') as infile:

reader = csv.reader(infile)

next(reader) # Skip header

for row in reader:

name = row[0]

monthly_hours = float(row[1])

yearly_hours = monthly_hours * 12

employee_hours[name] = yearly_hours

with open(output_filename, 'w', newline='') as outfile:

writer = csv.writer(outfile)

writer.writerow(['Employee Name', 'Yearly Hours'])

for name, hours in employee_hours.items():

writer.writerow([name, hours])

calculate_yearly_hours('monthly_hours.csv', 'yearly_hours.csv')