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Machine learning technique

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12 views2 pages

Machine learning technique

Uploaded by

Baby op
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Machine learning (ML) techniques are methods or algorithms used to enable computers to learn

patterns from data and make predictions, decisions, or classifications. These techniques are
categorized based on the type of task, the nature of the data, and the learning process.

Key Machine Learning Techniques:

1. Supervised Learning

The model is trained on labeled data where the input and corresponding output are known.

 Algorithms:
o Linear Regression (e.g., predicting house prices)
o Logistic Regression (e.g., binary classification for spam detection)
o Decision Trees and Random Forests
o Support Vector Machines (SVM)
o Neural Networks (for structured data tasks like classification or regression)
 Applications: Fraud detection, sales forecasting, sentiment analysis.

2. Unsupervised Learning

The model is trained on unlabeled data to identify underlying patterns or structures.

 Algorithms:
o Clustering (e.g., K-Means, DBSCAN)
o Dimensionality Reduction (e.g., PCA, t-SNE)
o Association Rules (e.g., market basket analysis)
 Applications: Customer segmentation, anomaly detection, recommendation systems.

3. Semi-Supervised Learning

A combination of labeled and unlabeled data is used to improve model accuracy.

 Techniques: Self-training, graph-based models.


 Applications: Text classification with limited labeled data, medical diagnosis systems.

4. Reinforcement Learning

An agent learns to make decisions by performing actions in an environment to maximize


rewards.

 Key Elements: States, actions, rewards.


 Algorithms:
o Q-Learning
o Deep Q-Networks (DQN)
o Policy Gradient Methods
 Applications: Robotics, gaming (e.g., AlphaGo), autonomous vehicles.
5. Neural Networks and Deep Learning

Specialized models inspired by the human brain, used for complex data and large datasets.

 Types of Networks:
o Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): For image and video analysis.
o Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): For sequential data like time series or natural
language.
o Transformers: For NLP tasks like translation and sentiment analysis (e.g., BERT, GPT).
 Applications: Image recognition, natural language processing, deep reinforcement learning.

Emerging Techniques:

 Transfer Learning: Leveraging a pre-trained model for a new task.


 Federated Learning: Decentralized ML across devices while preserving data privacy.
 Generative Models: Creating new data (e.g., GANs for image generation).

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