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Generator Sizing Summary

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24 views7 pages

Generator Sizing Summary

Generator+Sizing+Summary

Uploaded by

Valon Zhuniqi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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" Generator Sizing Summary "

link of the software " https://powersuite.cummins.com/en "

Acceptable Percent Of Voltage & Frequency Dip

Transient Response definition


Whenever a load is applied to or removed from a generator set, the engine
speed rpm, voltage and frequency are temporarily changed from its steady-
state condition. This temporary change is called transient response.
So, the Two Cases caused transient response are:

Case#1: Applying a Load

When a significant load is applied, the engine speed temporarily reduces


(generally referred to as frequency or voltage dip) and then returns to its
steady state condition, the degree of this dip depends on the following:
1. The amount of active power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR) changes
based upon the voltage regulator settings,
2. The total capacity and dynamic characteristics of the generator set
3. The electrical inertia of the other loads in the system.
Case#2: Removing a Load
On removal of load, the engine speed increases momentarily (generally
referred to as overshoot), then returns to its steady-state condition.

Transient Response Standards - ISO 8528

Four performance classes are designated in ISO 8528-1-7 to


describe a generator in terms of voltage and frequency.
Table-2 below lists the performance class and their criteria and
application examples.
Table.2 Generator's performance Classes

Table-2: Generator’s Performance Class

Table-3 shows the acceptance (dip) and rejection (overshoot)


parameters identified by ISO 8528-5. Class G4 is reserved for limits
that are unique and must be agreed upon by the manufacturer and
customer. ISO 8528-5 also sets limits on recovery times for each
class and identifies how recovery time is measured.
Site Considerations

An engine requires a certain quantity of air for combustion to


achieve its rated power. Altitude, temperature and humidity will
all affect the air density. The environment or site conditions also
impact an engine or generator rating, thus impacting the rating
of the entire generator. These Conditions include:

1. Ambient Temperature
2. Altitude
3. Corrosive Atmospheres
4. Humidity
5. Dust
An engine requires a certain quantity of air for efficient combustion to
achieve its rated power. Altitude, temperature and humidity will all
affect the air density. Therefore, a de-rating of the engine must occur in
high altitude and/or high temperature conditions in order for the
generator to meet performance expectations.

1- Ambient Temperature
• The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) generator
ratings are based on the generators “temperature rise” limit.
• Outside the United States, the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) has limits on temperature rise for generators; these
may be found in IEC 6034-22 (1996) and IEC 6034-1 (2004).
• Temperature rise is the increase in winding temperature above the
ambient temperature. Ambient temperature is the temperature of the
cooling air as it enters the ventilating openings of the machine.
• This temperature rise occurs because of the flow of current in the
windings and internal losses that occur in the machine during operation.
• The most common classes of generators are the “F” and “H” class. For
all classes, NEMA assumes operation at 40°C ambient or lower. The
temperature rise limits also allow for a 10°C margin for hot-spots. A hot-
spot is the spot in stator windings with the highest temperature.

Table-2 shows temperature rise for F and H class generators at various


ratings.
For prime power:

The F class has a 105°C rise or total temperature limit of 155°C (40°C
ambient temperature + 10°C hot-spot margin + 105°C temperature rise)
or less. The H class allows for a 125°C rise or total temperature limit of
175°C or less: 40°C + 10°C + 125°C

For standby power:

The F class has a 130°C temperature rise limit or 180°C total


temperature: 40°C + 10°C + 130°C The H class has a 150°C temperature
rise or 200°C total temperature limit: 40°C + 10°C + 150°C

2- Altitude

The higher the altitude, the lower the air density. The altitude/
temperature de-rating chart found in TMI can be used for proper de-
rating information for generators and each specific engine.

EPA emission ratings (Governmental regulations on


engine Emissions)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has environmental


ratings and regulations for generator sets that vary by drive-
engine horsepower and application. The EPA began to enforce
limits on off-road engines use in generator sets in 2006 and
began phasing in regulations by Tier levels and engine type.
Some definitions need you to be aware of are the differences
between:
• Stationary emergency
• Stationary nonemergency
• Mobile generator set engines

note: this data is collected by Eng/ Ahmed Magdy

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