SimCoders.

com

Reality Expansion Pack

for
Laminar Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

v4.7.11
May 14, 2023

1
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk CONTENTS

Contents
AIRCRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4

INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION 5

System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Install the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Automatic Update of the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Manual Update of the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Remove the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recommended sound settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Recommended control settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY 8

Headshake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Saitek Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
XPRealistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Differential and progressive brakes for X-Plane 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

USER INTERFACE 9
Lateral Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Maintenance Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Kneeboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Mass & Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Walkaround . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Move the viewpoint while doing the walkaround in 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Walkaround in VR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Move the viewpoint while towing in 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Towing in VR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Engine Autostart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Settings Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Use Advanced Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Use Advanced Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Use VR Walkaround and Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wait real weather at startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In flight tips vertical offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

ECONOMY SYSTEM 19
Enable the Economy System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
How it works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Buy/Sell Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Earn Money: Rewards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

VR Support 25
How to open the plugin windows in VR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

SOUNDS SYSTEM 26

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 2
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk CONTENTS

PERSISTENT AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENTS WEARING 27

How to load a worn out aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
How to check the components status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Hobbs Time and Tach Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 29
Powerplant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Engine Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Induction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Spark Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Exhausts System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Engine Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Preheater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Engine Startup Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Vacuum System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Electrical Systems & Avionics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Electrical Gyros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Radio Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Landing Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Spring loaded nose wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

HUMAN FACTOR 39
Hypoxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
TUC & EPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

HOME COCKPITS/CUSTOM DATAREFS 41

RESOURCES & HOW-TOs 48

SUPPORT & CONTACTS 48

VERSION CHANGELOG 49

LICENCE 65
SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
LIMITED WARRANTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
LibCURL EULA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 3
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

AIRCRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Cessna 172 Skyhawk s a four-seat, single-engine, high wing, fixed-wing aircraft made by the
Cessna Aircraft Company. First flown in 1955, more 172s have been built than any other aircraft.
Measured by its longevity and popularity, the Cessna 172 is the most successful aircraft in history.
Cessna delivered the first production model in 1956 and as of 2015, the company and its partners
had built more than 43,000. The aircraft remains in production today.
The modern avionics, the useful load and the simplicity of flying it make the Cessna 172SP a
perfect airplane for both training and recreational flights.
Since the R version, the Cessna 172 has bigger fuel tanks. The extended range may reduce the
number of passengers it can carry. Therefore, pilots often trade a little bit of fuel for another
person onboard.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 4
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION

System requirements
This software requires X-Plane 11.00 or superior.
The minimum hardware requirements are the same of X-Plane:
• Dual Core, 2.5 GHz or faster
• 2 GB of RAM
• A video card with at least 500 MB of VRAM.
If you use REP under Linux, there are some addictional requirements:
• libstdc++6
• libgcc6
• libcurl
• libssl
• libcrypto
This software is designed to run on Windows, MacOS and Linux.
In order to install this software, the Default X-Plane Cessna 172SP Skyhawk must be installed
on your system.

Install the software

Note: A video tutorial is available on our YouTube Channel
To install the software please follow this procedure.
1. Locate the C172SP Skyhawk folder inside your X-Plane installation.
2. Clone the C172SP Skyhawk folder and call it “C172SP Skyhawk REP”.
3. Extract the contents of this REP package into a temporary folder
4. Move the contents of “into-aircraft-plugins-folder” into the “C172SP Skyhawk
REP/plugins” folder
5. Move the contents of “into-aircraft-main-folder” into the “C172SP Skyhawk REP” folder
6. Run X-Plane and load the C172SP Skyhawk.
7. Follow the onscreen instructions

NOTE
After reloading the airplane, X-Plane may crash reporting an error related to the “master.bank”
file. If that’s the case, please follow the instructions stated in this FAQ.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 5
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Automatic Update of the Software

Automatic Update of the Software

The Reality Expansion Pack support the automatic updates via the SkunkCrafts Updater plugin.
In order to activate the automatic updates you shall:
1. Install the SkunCrafts Updater plugin as stated in its user manual
2. Inside REP’s zip, inside the “into-aircraft-main-folder”, you find a file called skun-
crafts_updater.cfg. Copy such file into the C172SP Skyhawk main folder.

NOTE
• Always install REP’s skunkcrafts_updater.cfg file even when the airplane already comes
with its own cfg. REP updates will automatically install the base airplane updates whenever
available.
• Load a non-REP airplane - such as the default Cessna 172 - before applying the automatic
updates. Applying the updates on the aircraft that is currently loaded in the sim will not
guarantee a successful update.
• After updating the plane, close and relaunch X-Plane to make sure that all the files are
unloaded and updated correctly.

Manual Update of the software

NOTE: It is not necessary to remove the older REP files. The software will take care of the update
procedure.
1. Copy the “REP” folder contained in this package inside the “plugins” folder of the C172SP
Skyhawk, overwriting the existing one.
2. Run X-Plane and load the C172SP Skyhawk.
3. Reload the aircraft when the automatic update is finished.

Remove the software

To remove the software follow this procedure:
1. In the menu bar click on “Plugins”
2. Click on “SimCoders.com - REP” and choose “Disable Package”
3. Click “Ok” in the confirmation message
4. Reload the aircraft when the uninstallation procedure ends
At the end of the uninstallation procedure, the original aircraft will be restored to its mint condi-
tions.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 6
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Recommended sound settings

Recommended sound settings

To better enjoy the Reality Expansion Pack on the C172SP Skyhawk, you should setup your sound
settings like the following screenshot.

Figure 1: Recommended sound settings

For more information about the sounds, see the Sounds System chapter.

Recommended control settings

To have a better control over the airplane axis, you should setup your control sensitivity as
follows.

Figure 2: Recommended control settings

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 7
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY

Headshake
If HeadShake v1.5 or higher is installed in your system, it will communicate with REP to improve
the simulation realism.
REP will drive HeadShake to simulate the vibrations of the real engine. Using this, you will be able
to run the engine at the most comfortable RPMs by simply checking the vibrations it produces.
In the same way, HeadShake will simulate the stall buffeting if the airplane in use shows that
kind of behavior.

Saitek Panels
This software is compatible with Saitek Panels. In order to use them, you should install the
XSaitekPanels free plugin from Sparker.
This package already includes a INI configuration file for XSaitekPanels. Make sure you copy it
inside the main folder of your C172SP Skyhawk.

XPRealistic
The Reality Expansion Pack can be used together with XPRealistic.
You might need to disable XPRealistic’s wind, touchdown and brakes sound effects as REP
already provides them.

Differential and progressive brakes for X-Plane 11

The Reality Expansion Pack detects if Differential and progressive brakes for X-Plane 11 is
installed in your system.
If so, REP’s differential braking algorithm is disabled in favor of the custom differential brakes
algorithm of the third party plugin.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 8
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

USER INTERFACE
Lateral Menu
When loaded, REP shows a lateral menu on the left-side of the screen. The menu consists of a
set of small icons.
By default, the menu partially hides itself until the mouse pointer gets near it.

Figure 3: The menu is partially hidden by default

Figure 4: The menu is shown when the mouse pointer gets closer to it

You can choose to completely hide the menu when the mouse pointer leaves it. To do so, go to
“Plugins -> SimCoders - REP -> Settigs” menu and tick the “Show side menu on mouse over only”
option.
The lateral menu entries are available in the “Plugins -> SimCoders - REP” menu as well.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 9
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Maintenance Report

Maintenance Report
This window is the primary way you have to check the status of your airplane and to fix all the
systems that need the mechanic attention.
The report is divided on more pages. Each page relates to a different group of systems.
To act on a system, click on the entry in the “Action” column.
To switch to the previous/next page click over the flipped page corners at the bottom of the
report.

Figure 5: The Maintenance Report window

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 10
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Kneeboard

Kneeboard
The software come with a complete kneeboard window that contains the aircraft normal and
emergency checklists together with the performance reference tables.

Figure 6: The Kneeboard window

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 11
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Kneeboard

Show the kneeboard using the plugins menu

The kneeboard window may be shown by clicking on the “Plugins” menu, then “SimCoders –
REP” then “Show kneeboard”.

Manage the kneeboard using the custom commands

You can also use five different custom commands at which you can assign your custom keys or
joystick buttons. The custom kneeboard commands defined by REP are the following:

Command Description
simcoders/rep/kneeboard/toggle Show or hide the kneeboard
simcoders/rep/kneeboard/next_section Show the next kneeboard section
simcoders/rep/kneeboard/prev_section Show the previous kneeboard section
simcoders/rep/kneeboard/next_page Show the next kneeboard page
simcoders/rep/kneeboard/prev_page Show the previous kneeboard page

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 12
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Mass & Balance

Mass & Balance

The Reality Expansion Pack provides a Mass & Balance tool to precisely load the plane.
While loading the plane, the goal is to keep the crosses inside the plot section delimited by the
blue area, like shown in the screenshot below.

Figure 7: The Mass & Balance window

The blue area is the Center of Gravity Envelope. The mass is reported on the Y axis, the Center
of Gravity Arm is reported on the X axis.
If the cross is towards the left side of the plot, it means that the center of gravity will be towards
the front of the airplane, that is, the airplane will be nose heavy.
On the other hand, if the cross is on the right side of the plot, the airplane will be tail heavy.
If you overload the airplane and the cross goes outside the blue envelope, the cross becomes
red, indicating that the plane is not allowed to fly.
Clicking on the “Apply” button, the selected passengers mass and fuel load will be applied to
X-Plane.
The unit of measure for the airplane mass and the C.G. arm can be changed by clicking the
“Change Units” button.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 13
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Towing

Walkaround
Click on the Walkaround icon in the lateral menu to enter walkaround mode. Click again on the
same icon on close the walkaround window to return in the cockpit.
During walkaround you can interact with some external systems of the aircraft using the walka-
round window. Click the “Next” and “Prev” buttons at the bottom of the pre-flight checklists to
move along the different pre-flight stations.
Always do the walkaround and the pre-flight inspection before each flight.
If you do not remove the tie-down and the chocks, you are not able to taxi and takeoff properly.
If you do not remove the pitot cover, you will incour in a airspeed indicator failure.
Since version 3.4.5, it is possible to toggle all the static elements - such the pitot cover and the
tiedowns - using a single entry in the plugins menu or a keyboard command.
Since version 3.3, the following keyboard/joystick commands are available to control the walka-
round mode.

Command Description
simcoders/rep/walkaround/toggle Toggle the walkaround mode
simcoders/rep/walkaround/next Next walkaround station
simcoders/rep/walkaround/previous Previous walkaround station
simcoders/rep/walkaround/action Execute current action
simcoders/rep/walkaround/static_elements/toggle Static elements toggle

Move the viewpoint while doing the walkaround in 2D

It is possible to move the viewpoint during towing by using the default camera commands of X-
Plane. To pan the view using the mouse, keep pressed the simcoders/rep/view/pan_with_mouse
command.

Walkaround in VR
REP provides a series of hotspots around the airplane useful to check the plane during the
pre-flight, post-flight and lights-check checklists.
Start the walkaround using the simcoders/rep/walkaround/toggle command and then move
from station to station using your VR controller. Make sure you bring the walkaround window
with you while moving from a station to another.

Towing
REP comes with a complete towing simulation. To activate it, click on the towing icon in the
lateral menu. Click the icon again to exit from the towing mode.
The towing features a 3D towing bar that will help you driving the airplane on the tarmac.
To move the airplane, push or pull the pitch axis of your joystick. Use the roll axis to turn.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 14
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Engine Autostart

Since REP simulate the force applied by a single man placed in front of the airplane, you may not
be able to tow the airplane on the grass, just like in real life.
You won’t be able to tow the airplane if it’s tied-down or if chocks/brakes are applied.

Move the viewpoint while towing in 2D

It is possible to move the viewpoint during towing by using the default camera commands of X-
Plane. To pan the view using the mouse, keep pressed the simcoders/rep/view/pan_with_mouse
command.

Towing in VR
REP provides an hotspot in front of the airplane (tricycle gear) or close to the tail (taildragger)
useful to drive the airplane in VR mode.
Toggle the towing mode using the simcoders/rep/towing/toggle command and then move the
airplane using your joystick as described above.

Engine Autostart
The Reality Expansion Pack provides you a way to automatically start the engines.
Click on the engine autostart icon in the side menu and wait until the startup procedure is
completed.
During the automatic start, REP shows a series of tips that describe the action being done.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 15
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Settings Window

Settings Window
The settings windows is shown by clicking over the “Plugins -> SimCoders - REP -> Settings”
menu.

Enable the plane damages

When ticked, this option enable the plane damages.

Show generic messages

If ticked, REP will show generic messages related to systems status, when available.

Show failure messages

If ticked, REP will show a message in case of a system failure. The message will explain why the
failure happened and what course of action should be taken.

Show tip messages

If ticked, REP will show a tip message. The message will give some hints related to the current
pilot actions.

Show side menu on mouse hover only

When ticked, REP will completely hide the lateral menu when the mouse pointer leaves it.

Save and restore the plane status between sessions

If ticked, REP will save the airplane status when unloaded. When the same plane and livery are
loaded again, the status will be restored.
The status includes all the switches position, the fuel on-board, the loaded weights, the engine
fluids quantity and quality and all the possible values that play part to the systems simulation.
The engine temperatures - such CHT and Oil Temperature - are restored accordingly to the
elapsed time since the values where stored.
The status files are backed up before being overwritten. You find the backup in the
output/preferences/REP folder.

Save and restore the windows position between sessions

If checked, the Maintenance Hangar and the Keyboard windows positions are saved and restored
between sessions.

Enable hypoxia effect

When ticked, the default hypoxia effect is replaced by REP’s custom algorithm. See the Hypoxia
chapter to get more information about the custom hypoxia effect.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 16
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Settings Window

Roll axis drives ground steering

When ticked, the joystick roll axis will steer the nosewheel on the ground.

Use US Customary
When ticked, REP will use the US Customary units of measure (pounds and inches).

Wind sound level

Control cabin the wind sound setting the level between 0 (mute) and 100 (full).

Main Monitor Index

This option is visibile only if X-Plane is running on two or more fullscreen monitors. Type the
index of the monitor over which REP must show its menus and windows. The minimum number
you can set here is 1. The maximum number is your monitors count. Each number addresses a
different monitor.

P-Factor ratio
Select the ratio (0 to 100%) of simulated P-Factor

Pitch Down on Stall ratio

Select the ratio (0 to 100%) of pitch down moment during stall

Show engine monitor

When ticked, REP will show the engine’s parameters when the power is above 30% and the engine
settings - such Manifold Pressure, Prop RPM or Mixture - are changed by the user.

Use Advanced Steering

Enable this option to use REP’s advanced steering algorithm. You may need to disable this option
if you have issues with steering with your hardware pedals.

Use Advanced Braking

Enable this option to smooth the brakes and to enable the automatic differential brakes. Instead
of applying the brakes all at once, they will go from 0 to 1 in two seconds, smoothing the braking
action. Automatic differential braking is applied if brakes are pressed while steering. Disable
this option if you use hardware toepedals.

Use VR Walkaround and Towing

When enabled, this option allows to use the new VR walkaround and towing modes.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 17
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Settings Window

Wait real weather at startup

When this options is enabled together with the simulator real weather, REP waits for the real
weather to be correctly loaded before loading the plane status and update the systems’ tempera-
tures. This option is not needed in X-Plane 12 therefore it is not shown.

In flight tips vertical offset

Set the vertical offset of the in-flight window. By default, the tips are shown at the top of the
main screen.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 18
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

ECONOMY SYSTEM
The Reality Expansion Pack features a custom Economy System that may rewards you for your
flight time and lets you pay to fix the airplane damages and do the everyday maintenance.
The Economy System features two modes of operation:
• Standalone: your bank account and maintenance records are locally saved to your PC.
They are shared among your REPs. The system rewards you for your flight time and landing
skills.
• FSEconomy: REP connects to the FSEconomy bank account and drains the required amount
of money for maintenance directly from there. There are no rewards for your flight time as
they are already provided by FSEconomy.
• X-CPL-Pilot: REP connects to the X-CPL-Pilot bank account from which it drains the
required amount of money for maintenance. There are no rewards for your flight time
because they are paid by X-CPL-Pilot already.

Enable the Economy System

Open the Maintenance Report window then scroll to the latest page available. Click on the
“Enable” button corresponding to the economy system you want to enable.
When enabling the FSEconomy System, it is required to enter an Aircraft Key.
The Aircraft Key is a 15 chars key provided by FSEconomy that uniquely identifies the aircraft
you are flying in the FSEconomy environment.
To find the Aircraft Key:
1. Login to the FSEconomy website: http://server.fseconomy.net/
2. Click the main menu’s “Aircraft” button
3. Scroll the aircrafts’ list down to the plane you want to connect to REP
4. In the “Action” column, click the drop-down menu’s “Edit” button
5. Generate/Copy the Aircraft Key in the webpage’s lower-left corner
When the Economy System is enabled, the aircraft state is saved to a separated file. When you
disable the Economy System, that very same file is loaded again.
Thus, there are two different aircraft states that are loaded in relation to the usage of the Economy
System. One state is loaded and updated when the Economy System is disabled. The other one
is loaded and updated when the Economy System is enabled.
You can switch between the two states by disabling or enabling the Economy System.
The Bank Account is shared among all your REP airplanes. That is, it possible to earn money
flying an airplane and use it to fix another airplane that needed maintenance.

How it works
Once enabled, the Economic System page in the Maintenance Report shows your current Bank
Account Balance and a log of the last transactions (amount spent for maintenance and fuel or
income from a flight).

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 19
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk How it works

Figure 8: This is the screen that allows you to enable the Economy System

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 20
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk How it works

Figure 9: This is the default screen of the Economic System

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 21
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Buy/Sell Fuel

Each fix or maintenance you want to do to your airplane must be first added to a quotation.
Each page of the Maintenance Report shows a table that reports the available maintenance
actions.
For each action, the table reports the price and required work time.
To add a maintenance action to the Quotation, click over its “Action” cell in the Maintenance
Report. Once an action has been added to the Quotation, the “Action” cell reports “In Quote”. To
remove the maintenance action from the Quotation, click the “Action” cell again.
If the “Action” column is empty, it means that no actions are available at that time.
Once all the needed maintenance actions have been added to the Quotation, click over “View
Quotation” or scroll to the last page of the Maintenance Report to see the Quotation.
The quotation reports two possible total prices:
• Normal Price: This price will be applied for a fix that will take the amount of time reported
in the time column. The fixes will be done one at a time in real time. The mechanic will
continue his work even when the sim is closed.
• Quick Fix Price: This price will be higher but will do all the actions at once in zero time.
You can accept either price or decline the Quotation, in which case no action is done and the
quotation is scrapped.

Buy/Sell Fuel
This feature is available in Standalone Mode only.
In the Weight and Balance window, it is possible to add/remove fuel from the fuel tanks.
Adding fuel will drain money from your bank account. Removing fuel from the tanks will result in
selling it to the local airport. The selling price will be slightly lower than the local buying price.
Fuel price is based on the current country/region and varies from airport to airport and from
time to time. It is possible to specify a custom fuel price in the “fuel_prices.cfg” file found
in the “Output/preferences/REP” folder of X-Plane. The file already contains an example of
a custom price for two airports. Once REP calculates a fuel price, it stores is for a random
interval between 4 and 8 days, then it recalculates the fuel price again. That is, when you set
a new fuel price in the fuel_prices.cfg file, REP will not use it immediately. Instead, it will start
using it the next time it will need to recalculate the fuel price for that airport.
It is possible to check the fuel price in a specific airport by going to the plugins menu and click
over “SimCoders - REP” -> “Check fuel price at an airport”.

Earn Money: Rewards

This feature is available in Standalone Mode only.
The more you fly, the more money you earn. At the end of a flight, a new Log entry is added to
your Bank Account Log with the amount of money you earned.
In case you make a smooth landing, a “Soft Landing” bonus is added to your reward. The softer
the landing, the higher the reward.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 22
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Earn Money: Rewards

Figure 10: Click over one of the Action cells to put that specific action in the quotation. Note:
The maintenance report shown here is an example of how the table looks. It may not include the
systems modeled in the airplane described in this manual.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 23
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Earn Money: Rewards

Figure 11: A Quotation Example

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 24
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

VR Support
REP supports the native VR implementation since version 3.4.0. VR support was further improved
in version 4.5.0.

How to open the plugin windows in VR

REP provides a set of commands to control the plugin windows.
• simcoders/rep/vr/open_menu: open REP’s main menu
• simcoders/rep/fuelmenu/show: show the fuel menu when using the economy system
• simcoders/rep/maintenancereport/show: show the maintenance report
• simcoders/rep/settingsmenu/show: show the settings menu
• simcoders/rep/weightandbalance/show: show the weight and balance (if supported)
• simcoders/rep/towing/toggle: toggle the tow mode
• simcoders/rep/kneeboard/toggle: toggle the kneeboard
• simcoders/rep/walkaround/toggle: toggle the walkaround mode
For more informations about how to assign the commands above please read X-Plane’s user
guide about assigning commands to buttons.

NOTE
Make sure you loaded a REP airplane before looking for the command in X-Plane’s settings
window.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 25
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

Figure 12: The Tech Report shown in VR mode

SOUNDS SYSTEM
The Reality Expansion Pack features a custom sound system that provides immersive 3D sounds
throughout the entire flight experience.
A custom sounds system has been preferred over the usage of FMOD for the following reasons:
• FMOD could be rather cumbersome from the developer’s point of view, requiring more time
to produce new features
• A custom engine is more flexible and ca ben expanded in no time providing new features
• A custom engine is more efficient as it’s taylored to our needs
REP’s sounds system provides advanced sounds such:
• Engine ignition
• Engine pins
• Engine exhausts effects
• Fuel pumps
• Electric Gyros
• Avionics effects
• Dynamic touch down
• Dynamic ground roll
• Dynamic wind

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 26
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

PERSISTENT AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENTS WEARING

The Reality Expansion Pack features a complete wearing system for the entire airplane. That is,
each component of the airplane wears out when in use and, after a certain amount of time, it
may start to show some issues or fail completely.
The status of each component is saved and updated even if the sim is not running.
This is true for things such as engine components, electrical system parts, airframe, and landing
gear.
Every component will be affected by time and by user’s handling in different ways.
If you mistreat the engine by running it above its limits, it will get worn out, showing startup
issues, combustion problems and providing less power than expected. It will completely fail
over time.
The cockpit instrumentation needles will be more precise in a newly calibrated gauge rather than
in an old one.

How to load a worn out aircraft

REP gives you the chance to load an aircraft that is already worn out by its past history.
To do so, go to “Plugins -> SimCorders.com - REP -> Wear out to >” and choose one of the
following items.
• Brand New: this is the status of an aircraft that just left the production line. The engine is
brand new and all the onboard systems were just tested.
• Privately Owned (new): this is an almost new aircraft that has been privately owned with
care. The engine as well as the other systems will have some hours logged but no issues
are in place.
• Privately Owned (old): this is an aircraft that has been owned privately for years. The
engine as well as the other systems will have much hours logged but no issues are in place
as the private owner kept the plane with good care.
• Flying Club: this plane has been in the hands of many pilots, some of them careless. The
systems are weared out quite much and some gauges are not working as good as you
would like them to do.

How to check the components status

To check each component and fix/replace/calibrate it, use the Maintenance Report.
In there are listed all the aircraft components that can be checked by a mechanic.

Hobbs Time and Tach Time

In the Maintenance Report you find the airframe total time (Hobbs Time) and the engine’s total
time (Tach Time). The two value may slightly differ after loading a brand new airplane and then
flying it for a while. This is because there’s an important difference in how the two times are
calculated.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 27
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Hobbs Time and Tach Time

Hobbs Time
In most planes, the Hobbs clock is started and stopped based on an oil pressure switch, so it
starts when the engine starts, and stops when the engine is shut-down. While it’s running, it just
ticks off a tenth of an hour every 6 minutes, based on “regular wall clock time”. So a tenth of
idling on the ramp is the same as a tenth at cruise.

Tach Time
The tach clock isn’t really a clock at all, it doesn’t actually measure time, it really measures engine
revolutions. But it’s calibrated such that a tenth of an hour of tach time is clicked off when the
engine is at cruise RPM for 6 minutes. In other words, if the plane is at cruise RPM, the tach
clock will be clicking off tenths of an hour at the same rate as the Hobbs clock. But if the engine
is idling at an RPM speed that’s half of what cruise RPM is, then the tach clock will be running at
half the speed of the Hobbs clock.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 28
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION
Within the Reality Expansion Pack, each system has its own life-cycle and can be damanged
depending on many factors, including the pilot’s behavior.
All systems can be fixed individually using the Maintenance Report or all at once using the
simcoders/rep/systems/fix_all command.
The following is a brief description of each system onboard.

Powerplant
The C172SP Skyhawk is powered by a four-cylinders Lycoming IO-360-L2A normally aspirated,
direct-drive, air-cooled, horizontally-opposed, fuel-injected engine with 360 cubic inches displace-
ment.
This engine outputs a maximum power of 180HP at 29 inches Hg and 2700RPM with no time
limitations.

Engine Overview
The Reality Expansion Pack totally replaces the engine simulated by X-Plane with custom algo-
rithms to the point that not a single bit of the old engine model is left in the sim.
Everything in the engine is made from scratch to provide the maximum realism. This includes
the combustion model to which all the other models - such the Power Output, the Cylinders Head
Temperature or the Oil Pressure - depend.
The engine now breathe air, mix it with fuel and produce a realistic combustion.
Some of the features include:
• Correct animations and sounds: the cylinders compression is simulated to the deepest
level, enhancing the propeller movements at very low RPMs and at startup and shutdown
• Correct power output: the engine outputs the correct power at every RPM setting.
• Correct fuel flow: reaching the correct power output allows X-Plane to provide the right
fuel flow at every phase of the flight, right down to the numbers.
• Realistic startup procedure: The engine needs to be pre-injected using the electrical fuel
pump (see the operating tips)
• Realistic engine issues:
– The oil type, quality and quantity affects the engine behavior.
– The spark plugs may foul because of carbon deposits
– Leaning the mixture at the wrong time or in the wrong way may cause damages to
the engine
– Engine preheater and winterization kit: the engine may be preheated on winter using
the provided electric engine heater. If the engine is not heated correctly, it won’t start
or may be damaged after start.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 29
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Powerplant

Starter
The Reality Expansion Pack replaces the default starter with a custom one.
In the “Engine Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the starter status
• Replace a faulty starter with a new one

CAUTION
The starter will overheat and then damage if engaged for too long. Make sure to engage the
starter for no more than 30 seconds. Let it cool down between failed starts.

Induction System
The Reality Expansion Pack replaces the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) algorithm of X-Plane
with a custom one.
The C172SP Skyhawk engine is normally aspirated. That is, the maximum air pressure that
affects the engine is the outside atmospheric pressure.
During climb, as the atmospheric pressure gets lower the maximum manifold pressure gets
lower as well.

Fuel Pump
The fuel system is provided with a electrical fuel pump that can be used to prime the engine.
The fuel pump should not be used in flight unless required by the checklists.
In the “Engine Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the fuel pump status
• Repair the pump in case of failure

Fuel Injection System

The Reality Expansion Pack fully recreates the Bendix RSA Precision Flow Fuel Injection System
that powers the real world C172SP Skyhawk.
This fuel injection system is provided with a Venturi that senses the amount of air that goes to
the engine and so regulates the fuel flow accordingly.
With altitude, the air density reduces more than the fuel density. So this metering system still
requires the pilot to lean the mixture at high-density altitude.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 30
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Powerplant

Tuned Fuel Injectors

The cylinders and air induction positions lead to a different amount of air being sucked in each
cylinder for a given throttle position.
That is, more air goes into the #1 and #2 cylinders than in #3 and #4. In a 6 cylinders engine, the
spread between #1 and #6 is quite wide.
Factory fuel injectors deliver the same amount of fuel to each cylinder. That is, cylinder #1 runs
leaner than #2. The richer cylinder is usually #5 or #6.
This spread affects the engine performance, especially when running lean of peak with only one
EGT probe. Usually, leaning LOP for the hottest cylinder (#5 or #6 in a 6 cylinders, #3 or #4 in
a 4 cylinders) means being widely LOP for the #1 cylinder, thus experiencing a loss of power
together with a rough running engine.
In the Maintenance Report, it is possible to replace the factory injectors with tuned ones, made
to properly release the correct amount of fuel based on the cylinder number. Tuned injectors
allow for:
• Smoother LOP operations
• Fewer vibrations
• Lower fuel burn of about 1 GPH
General Aviation Modifications, Inc. is a real world manufacturer of tuned fuel injectors for many
different type of fuel injected engines. For more information, please visit GAMI’s website.

Spark Plugs
Each cylinder is provided with two spark plugs, one connected to the left magneto and the other
connected to the right magneto.
Carbon deposits form on the spark plugs pointers if the engine is run at low RPMs with rich
mixture. That is, the spark plugs foul.
To avoid fouling, always keep at least 1000RPM and aggressively lean the mixture when on
ground.
A big drop in RPM during the magnetos check is a sign of a fouled spark plug.
To clean the spark plugs, set a high power setting and aggressively lean the mixture. Run the
engine with this setting for about 20 seconds then recheck the magnetos.
In the “Engine Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the spark plugs status
• Manually clean the spark plugs
• Change the default spark plugs with the “fine wire” type.
Fine wire spark plugs are less prone to fouling but not immune to it.

Exhausts System
The main goal of the Exhaust System is to emptying each cylinder of spent exhaust gases.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 31
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Powerplant

Factory exhausts usually aren’t length-tuned. That is, the length from the cylinder’s outlet valve
to the end of the exhaust is not the same for each exhaust tube. This causes the formation of
shock waves when the exhaust gases from one cylinder hit those from another cylinder. That is,
the emptying effect is lower than desired.
Using the Maintenance Report it is possible to replace the factory exhausts with tuned ones.
Tuned exhausts allow for:
• ~10% more power
• Fewer vibrations
• Lower fuel burn
• Lower CHTs
Real world modifications for the C172SP Skyhawk are available at Powerflow System’s. More
information on their website.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 32
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Powerplant

Oil System
The oil system has the main role to lubricate the engine thus reducing the friction between engine
components. It also helps reduce the engine temperature.
The oil system is made by:
• An oil tank
• A screening filter
• A set of oil lines that go to the cylinders
• An engine-driven scavenging pump that moves the oil from the bottom of the oil sump -
below the engine - back to the oil tank
• An oil radiator.
The Reality Expansion Pack simulates all these components as well as the oil fluid properties.
The pilot must check the quantity and quality of the oil before each flight. This should be done
during the walkaround.
In the “Engine Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the type of oil fluid in use
• Check the quantity of oil fluid in the oil tank
• Change the oil fluid type
• Check the status of the oil filter
• Change the oil filter with a new one
• Check the oil pump status
• Overhaul the oil pump
A higher grade oil - such SAE50 - is thicker than a lower grade - such SAE30 - and meant to be
used in hotter climates.
The following article is a guide to choose the correct oil grade depending on the type of flight op-
erations in progress: https://www.simcoders.com/2016/04/18/how-to-choose-right-oil-engine
If the oil is not changed regularly (about every 40 hours) it may get dirty and have a lower lubricant
action. That is, the engine will run hotter and wear more than before.

NOTE
The oil pressure may get closer to its maximum value when a cold engine is first started. This is
normal and do not cause any harm to the engine as long as the oil pressure gets lower during
engine warmup.
Warmup the engine to ensure the correct oil temperature and pressure before applying full power
for takeoff.

CAUTION

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 33
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Powerplant

Using a higher grade oil in cold climates could lead to high oil pressure, thus damaging the oil
system components.

Engine Monitor
The Reality Expansion Pack provides an engine monitor that shows the engine parameters such
the Fuel Flow, the EGT and the BHP whenever the engine control lever are moved.
To activate the engine monitor, open the plugin settings and check the “Show Engine Monitor”
option.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 34
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Vacuum System

Preheater
To engage the engine preheater, open the Maintenance Report window and activate the electrical
heater by going into the “Engine Tools” section.
The electrical heater will warm up the engine (CHT) and the oil to a temperature that is suitable
for startup is 30/60 minutes, depending on the outside air temperature.
A “Fast Warmup” button is available in the Maintenance Report window. Once clicked, the engine
will be warmed up instantly.
Keeping the cowl plugs mounted will provide a faster and better warmup. To mount the cowl
plugs, enter the walkaround mode and move to the engine checks.
If operating in very cold climates, keep the engine preheater on until the walkaround is completed
and startup the engine as soon as the preheater is turned off.
The engine preheater state is kept between X-Plane sessions. If you turn on the heater and then
close X-Plane, the engine will be warmed up even when the simulator is not running.

Engine Startup Tips

• Before starting the engine, always apply full mixture and 1 inch throttle and then switch the
electrical fuel pump on for a variable time between half (warm engine) and two seconds
(cold engine). After this pre-injection phase, close the throttle, set the mixture full lean and
proceed with the normal engine startup.
• If the engine “pops” during the startup it means it’s flooded. Just close the mixture and set
the throttle full open, then engage the starter. The engine should start in few revolutions. If
not, repeat the normal startup procedure.

Vacuum System
The engine is provided with a vacuum pump used to power up the vacuum gyros.
A vacuum pump is connected to the engine via a quick-break shaft. In case of vacuum pump
seizure, the shaft breaks and no harm is done to the engine.
Use the vacuum gauge to check that the vacuum pump is properly working. A normal vacuum
reading is about 4 to 6 when the engine is running at cruise power.
In the “Engine Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the vacuum pump status
• Repair a broken vacuump pump

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 35
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Electrical Systems & Avionics

Electrical Systems & Avionics

The airplane is equipped with a 28-volt, direct-current electrical system.
The system uses a battery as the source of electrical energy. An 60-amp alternator maintain its
state of charge.

Battery
The default battery is replaced with a battery that keep its charge between sim sessions and
discharge at a realistic rate. The battery state is updated even when the simulator is not running.
This means that if you leave your battery on, it will discharge even if X-Plane is closed.
In the “Electrical System & Avionics Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the battery charge
• Recharge the battery
• Disconnect the battery poles from the electrical system
If you plan not to fly the airplane for a while, you should disconnect the battery via the Maintenance
Window. This will avoid self-discharging and extend the battery life during storage.

Alternator
The alternator switch position is saved through all X-Plane sessions. Make sure it is switched in
the correct position according to the checklists throughout the entire flight.
The alternator switch operation may affect the avionics. Check the Avionics paragraph below to
get more informations.

Lights
The lights switches position are saved through all X-Plane sessions.
If the airplane is not provided with strobe lights fmod sounds, the Reality Expansion Pack adds
the strobe lights sounds when the lights are switched on.

Electrical Gyros
The Reality Expansion Pack replaces the default X-Plane electrical gyros with custom ones with
a more realistic spin up/down dynamics.
The typical spin up/down sounds are reproduced when the battery switch is turned in the “On”
position. The instruments provided with an electrical gyro and therefore depending on the
electrical supply are the turn/slip indicator, the standby attitude indicator and the HSI, if they are
provided.

Radio Stack
The radio components save their own state - such as frequencies and knobs position - during
X-Plane sessions.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 36
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Landing Gear

In the “Electrical System & Avionics Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the status of each radio
• Fix a faulty radio

CAUTION
Never turn on or off the engine or the alternator when the avionics switch is in the “On” position.
Doing so may trigger a overvoltage spike that could damage one or more avionics component.
The newer avionics such the Garmin GNS430/530 are better protected from overloads but they
are not totally immune from them.

Landing Gear
The airplane is equipped with a tricycle fixed landing gear.
The Reality Expansion Pack introduces the following changes to the default landing gear:
• Improved ground roll physics: REP corrects the default behavior of X-Plane on ground in
cross wind conditions, when the airplane tended to steer against the wind.
• Custom touchdown sounds: The touchdown sounds tone and volume are related to the
touchdown speed. A harder touchdown will produce different sounds than a soft landing.
• Brakes sounds: Actuating the brakes produces the typical whining sound. Also the classic
squeaking sounds are reproduced when the brakes are not in perfect shape.
In the “Landing Gear & Brakes Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the status of the landing gear struts
• Fix a faulty strut

Spring loaded nose wheel

The nose wheel will freely turn right or left.
The airplane direction on ground should be maintained using the brakes as well as the steering
pedals.

Tires
The Reality Expansion Pack simulates the tire status and failure basing on the landings done in
the past.
A flat tire can cause the plane to yaw during the landing run or get it stuck on the ground before
taxi.
In the “Landing Gear & Brakes Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the status of each tire
• Fix a faulty tire

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 37
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Landing Gear

Brakes
The C172SP Skyhawk has a single-disc, hydraulically-actuated brake on each main landing gear
wheel. Each brake is hydraulically connected to a cylinder attached to each of the pilot’s rudder
pedals.
The brakes are operated by applying pressure to the top of the rudder pedals, which are intercon-
nected. When the airplane is parked the brakes may be activated using the parking brake switch
located under the pilot’s yoke.
To avoid brake failures, keep the brake system properly maintained and minimize brake usage
during taxi operations and landings.
Do not apply the brakes for a long time. If the runway is long, let the plane slow down by itself.
In the “Landing Gear & Brakes Status” page of the Mainantenace Report you can:
• Check the status of the braking system
• Fix a faulty brake

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 38
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

HUMAN FACTOR
Hypoxia
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen
supply at the tissue level.
As altitude is gained, the partial pressure of Oxygen gets lower and lower to the point that the
human body is unable to absorb enough quantity of it to sustain life.
The symptoms of hypoxia are:
• Apparent personality change
• Impaired judgement
• Headache
• Tingling
• Increased rate of breathing
• Muscular impairment
• Memory impairment
• Visual sensory loss
• Tunnel vision
• Impairment of consciousness
• Cyanosis
• Unconsciousness
• Death
The Reality Expansion Pack simulates some of the symptoms above, such the tunnel vision, the
increased rate of breathing and the muscular impairment.

TUC & EPT

Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) is the time available for the development of hypoxia and
the pilot to do something about it. It is not the time to unconsciousness but the short time from
a reduction in adeguate oxygen until a specific degree of impairment, generally taken to be the
point when the individual can no longer take steps to help him/herself.
Effective Performance Time (EPT) is always within and shorter than TUC. Its quantification
however depends on the individual.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 39
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk Hypoxia

The following is a table that represent the EPT simulated by REP.

Altitude (ft) EPT

10000 Few hours
15000 40 minutes
20000 10 minutes
30000 30 seconds
40000 15 seconds
45000 1-2 seconds

Figure 13: Hypoxia effect

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 40
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

HOME COCKPITS/CUSTOM DATAREFS

In order to work properly, REP uses a set of custom datarefs instead of default X-Plane ones.
Here you find a list of datarefs that you can use for your home cockpit.
This list includes all REPs datarefs. Some of them might not be present on some REPs, depending
on the systems depicted by the package.

Dataref: simcoders/rep/stallwarning/on
• Type: int
• Writable: No
• Contents: 0 = off, 1 = on

Dataref: simcoders/rep/stallwarning/level
• Type: int
• Writable: No
• Contents: 1 = low, 2 = high

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/vacuum
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Vacuum gauge value

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/attitude_indicator_0_pitch
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Main attitude indicator pitch

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/attitude_indicator_0_roll
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Main attitude indicator roll

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/attitude_indicator_1_pitch
• Type: float
• Writable: No

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 41
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Contents: Stdby attitude indicator pitch

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/attitude_indicator_1_roll
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Stdby attitude indicator roll

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/airspeed_kts_pilot
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Pilot airspeed

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/airspeed_kts_copilot
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Copilot airspeed

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/altitude_ft_pilot
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Pilot altitude

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/altitude_ft_copilot
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Copilot altitude

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/vvi_fpm_pilot
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Pilot VSI

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/vvi_fpm_copilot
• Type: float

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 42
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Writable: No
• Contents: Copilot VSI

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/switches/avionics_power_on
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: Avionics switch

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_0
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel kg in tank 0

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_ratio_0
• Type: float (ratio 0..1)
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel ratio in tank 0

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_1
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel kg in tank 1

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_ratio_1
• Type: float (ratio 0..1)
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel ratio in tank 1

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_2
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel kg in tank 2

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_ratio_2

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 43
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Type: float (ratio 0..1)

• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel ratio in tank 2

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_3
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel kg in tank 3

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_quantity_ratio_3
• Type: float (ratio 0..1)
• Writable: No
• Contents: Fuel ratio in tank 3

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/fuelline/electrical_feed_0/switch_on
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L tip pump switch (1 = on)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/fuelline/electrical_feed_1/switch_on
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R tip pump switch (1 = on)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_flow_0
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: L FF indicator

Dataref: simcoders/rep/indicators/fuel/fuel_flow_1
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: R FF indicator

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/engine_0_rpm

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 44
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: L RPM indicator

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/gauges/indicators/engine_1_rpm
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: R RPM indicator

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/fuel_pump_0
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L pump (0 = off, 1 = on)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/fuel_pump_1
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R pump (0 = off, 1 = on)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/low_fuel_pump_0
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L LO speed pump

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/low_fuel_pump_1
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R LO speed pump

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/high_fuel_pump_0
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L HI speed pump

Dataref: simcoders/rep/cockpit2/engine/actuators/high_fuel_pump_1

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 45
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R HI speed pump

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/electrical_fuelpump/switch_on_0
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L pump (0 off, 1 LO, 2 HI)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/electrical_fuelpump/switch_on_1
• Type: int
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R pump (0 off, 1 LO, 2 HI)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/cowl/handle_ratio_0
• Type: float (ratio 0..1)
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: L cowl flaps handle

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/cowl/handle_ratio_1
• Type: float (ratio 0..1)
• Writable: Yes
• Contents: R cowl flaps handle

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/temp_f_0
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: L oil temp (F)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/temp_f_1
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: R oil temp (F)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/temp_c_0

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 46
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: L oil temp (C)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/temp_c_1
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: R oil temp (C)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/press_psi_0
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: L oil press (PSI)

Dataref: simcoders/rep/engine/oil/press_psi_1
• Type: float
• Writable: No
• Contents: R oil press (PSI)

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 47
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

RESOURCES & HOW-TOs

SimCoders.com blog contains tons of resources that you will find very useful when using REP.
Moreover, this is a list of How-Tos available.
• How to lean the mixture
• How to keep the spark plugs clean
• How to choose the right oil for your engine
• How to quickly startup the engine with REP
• How to manage an emergency
• How to calculate the required fuel for your flight

SUPPORT & CONTACTS

Before asking for support please read the FAQs we published on our site. They contain informa-
tions about installation troubles and general usage.
If you encounter any kind of technical problem with our software, please write to support@
simcoders.com providing as much informations as possible and including your X-Plane’s Log.txt
file.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 48
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

VERSION CHANGELOG
V4.7.11
1. Improvement: the tie downs should better lock the plane to the ground

V4.7.10
Fix: after loading a saved flight, the alternator may not work properly

V4.7.9
1. Fix: in some engine configuration and bus loads, the alternator could not charge the battery
completely

V4.7.8
1. Fix: In X-Plane 12 the plugin forces could bump the plane at engines stop
2. Fix: memory leak in datarefs handling

V4.7.7

V4.7.6
1. Fix: some sounds would not stop playing after plane crash
2. Fix: fuel totalizer fix in XP12
3. Fix: flaps pitch moment in XP12

V4.7.5
No changes for this airplane

V4.7.4
No changes for this airplane

V4.7.3
1. Fix: Some components of the maintenance window were misplaced
2. Fix: Mass And Balance could not be applied correctly if the flight was started with the
engines running

V4.7.2
1. Fix: crash after replay

V4.7.1
1. Fix: crash after pause

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 49
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V4.7.0
1. New: improved XP12 Flight Dynamics
2. Improvement: better alternator voltage simulation at low RPM
3. Improvement: support for Apple M* processors
4. Improvement: better compatibility of the Mass and Balance system with X-Plane 12
5. Improvement: it is now possible to vertically move the in-flight tips windows (no VR support
for this feature at the moment)
6. Fix: missing library link if XP12

V4.6.6
1. Improved REP sound compatibility with internal X-Plane sound sliders

V4.6.5-h2
1. Fixed broken plugin reset

V4.6.5-h1
1. Fixed broken dataref

V4.6.5
1. Improved spin behavior
2. Improved OpenAL errors log
3. Improved braking system compatibility with hardware toe pedals
4. Improved static elements compatibility with third-parties addons

V4.6.4
1. No changes for this plane

V4.6.3
1. No changes for this plane

V4.6.2
1. Improvement: MAP behavior at low RPM

V4.6.1

V4.6.0
1. Change: “Smooth Brakes” and “Automatic Differential Brakes” options merged into the
“Advanced Braking” option
2. New: REP now includes TXT format checklists too
3. Improvement: better LOP cut-out behavior in piston engines

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 50
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

4. Improvement: more realistic piston engine power response when running ROP
5. Improvement: more realistic manifold pressure behavior at high RPM
6. Improvement: running oversquare when LOP does not damage the piston engines
7. Improvement: REP waits for the real weather to load (if enabled) before updating the engine
temperatures at startup
8. Improvement: improved hypoxia recover at low altitude
9. Fix: the manifold pressure was too low at idle
10. Fix: The REP update loop was not always executed correctly in certain configurations
11. Fix: The avionics is less prone to damage if the alternator is turned on/off with the avionics
master on

V4.5.12
1. Improved towing behavior
2. Added engine cooling down sounds (exhaust ticks)
3. No changes for this plane

V4.5.10-h1
1. Fix: on Linux the plugin could crash the sim on startup because of a bad library link

V4.5.10
1. A cancel window is shown before beginning the engine autostart procedure
2. Fix: the instrument wear could not save its state properly on some systems
3. Added the on and off commands for the fuel shutoff valve

V4.5.9-h1
1. Improved the aileron tim-tab setting

V4.5.9
1. Improved the FSEconomy implementation reliability
2. Fix: The avionics switch did not work properly anymore in VR
3. New: it is now possible to set the rudder trim tab in the maintenance window
4. Fix: the G1000 configuration was not always correctly detected
5. Improved manifold pressure algorithm

V4.5.8
1. Improved the hardware rudder pedals compatibility (it is now possible to disable the
automatic differential braking)

V4.5.7
1. Improved spin behavior with EFM

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 51
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V4.5.6
1. New: REP Economy System now supports X-CPL-Pilot
2. Fix: in the maintenance window, some text could oveflow from the borders
3. Improved the yaw moment behavior during turns
4. It is now possible to set a custom P-Factor and Pitch Down on Stall ratio
5. Fix: in some configurations, the installer may not properly modify the FMOD .snd files

V4.5.5
1. The static elements are not visible anymore during replay
2. REP reports in X-Plane’s log when a damage/failure is taking place
3. The damage caused by running the engine in the redbox was not always calculated properly

V4.5.3
1. Experimental Flight Model Support

V4.5.2

V4.5.1
1. Fix: the oil pump failure message was missing

V4.5.0
1. New: improved VR support in walkaround and towing modes
2. The magnetos are forced to “both” when starting the flight with engines running
3. The tiedowns and chocks are removed when starting the flight with engines running
4. Improved the fuel load rounding algorithm in the the Mass and Balance window
5. Fix: CTD when trying to connect to FSE
6. Fix: Typos in Maintenance Window
7. Fix: excessive oil comsuption when a cylinder is partially worn out

V4.4.6

V4.4.5
1. The in-flight tips window now resize correctly in VR
2. Optimizations for XP11.50
3. Some sounds (very few) were played using the wrong equalizers resulting in too high or
too low volume in relation to their position in the cockpit

V4.4.4
1. Fix: XP10 crash on reload
2. Fix: CTD on plugin disable

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 52
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V4.4.3
1. New: dataref to control the wind volume: simcoders/rep/settings/wind_volume
2. Fix: memory leak

V4.4.2
1. New: the standalone fuel market support USA airport codes 3 chars long
2. Fix: large windows did not fit the screen properly

V4.4.1

V4.4.0
1. The simulator<->REP interface has been reworked to accomodate future improvements

V4.3.6
1. Improved support for the G5 mod

V4.3.5
1. FSEconomy: fix for HTTPS protocolo update

V4.3.4
1. FSEconomy: fixed connection issue (HTTP 301 not followed properly)

V4.3.3
1. Added support for the Garmin G5 mod by AFM

V4.3.2
1. Fix: the com radio status was not properly restored
2. Fix: the autostart procedure didn’t set the fuel selector to both tanks

V4.3.1
1. Fix: improved P-Factor behavior
2. Fix: improved Flaps pitch moment
3. New option to show or hide the generic messages
4. Improved the Nav/Com radios status feedback in the maintenance window
5. Fix: the maintenance window could crash during the FSEconomy data update

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 53
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V4.3.0
1. Added the engine monitor
2. Improved the power curve in the 1500-2000 RPM range
3. The prop P-Factor has been improved
4. Improved the negative torque model
5. Fix: the elevator authority was excessive during the ground roll at very low speed
6. Fix: a change in XP11.35+ made the steering system unusable
7. Fix: improved the stall horn behavior on 11.35+
8. Fix: improved the stall behavior on 11.40+
9. Fix: improved the flaps dynamics on 11.40+
10. Fix: improved fuel flow at startup with mixture full rich
11. Fix: the EGT indicator could report negative values
12. Message to warn that the Experimental Flight Model is not supported
13. Engine Monitor shows CHT and Oil Temperature
14. Fix: The preheater did not work properly
15. Fix: the Economy System status could be loaded only partially in some situations
16. Fix: the in-flight tips were not visible in VR. Thanks to sparker for helping debugging the
issue.
17. Fix: walkaround CTD
18. Fix: message boxes did not support VR
19. Improved the engine negative torque model

V4.2.3
1. Fix: solved some windows positioning issues
2. Fix: in XP10 REP did not recognize opening a window as a paused sim state
3. Fix: in the bush version, the EGT reference needle knob didn’t work
4. Fix: hobbs and tach times instruments in cockpit reported the same time
5. Improved startup behavior

V4.2.2
1. Fix: Tach time was not shown correctly in the Tachometer
2. Fix: improved CHT algorithm with X-Plane 11.35
3. Fix: the kneeboard and maintenance windows did not save their position properly, therefore
they were not shown correctly after being popped out
4. Fix: and X-Plane 11.35 bug prevented REP from reading the proper airspeed

V4.2.1
1. No changes for this aircraft

V4.2.0
1. New: Simulation of Factory and Tuned fuel injectors effects
2. New: More realistic fuel metering system according to real world specifications
3. New: Simulation of Factory and Tuned exhausts effects
4. New: The status file are backed up before being overwrited

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 54
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

5. New: It is now possible to save the windows position between sessions

6. Improved manifold pressure behavior

V4.1.8
1. New: it is now possible to set the wind sound volume in REP’s settings window

V4.1.7
1. CTD fix

V4.1.6
1. Minor Networking fix

V4.1.5
1. Increased the debug log for the Economic System

V4.1.4
1. No changes for this aircraft

V4.1.3
1. Fix: The G1000 standby altimeter alway showed zero

V4.1.2
1. Fix: altimeter, vsi and airspeed indicators did not use customs datarefs anymore after
Laminar changed some obj files
2. Improved EGT curve

V4.1.1
1. Improved flaps pitch down moment
2. Improved startup dynamics
3. Fix: an alternator did not save its status properly
4. Minor fixes

V4.1.0
1. New: FSEconomy integration with the maintenance system
2. Improved flight dynamics
3. Fix: X-Plane crashed in case of airplane crash
4. Fix: the systems’ damages where updated during replay as well
5. Fix: on XP10 some message windows were not shown properly
6. Fix: on multimonitor setups the in-flight tips were shown on the wrong monitor

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 55
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V4.0.4
1. Support for the Freeware Bush Pack by PropStrike Studio

V4.0.3
1. Fix: the aircraft serial number is now more randomized
2. Fix: the weight and balance traded “0Lt” of fuel when changing the passengers’ masses
3. Fix: the initial status of the aircraft could not be reset properly
4. The spark plugs fouling in-flight tip is now easier to understand
5. Improved instruments behavior once weathered
6. The Tachometer Time is now only based on RPMs
7. Improved performance precision at altitude

V4.0.2
1. New: it is now possible to deactivate the brakes smoothing
2. Fix: the tachometer showed the wrong value in the elapsed minutes (white) band
3. Fix: the fuel selector status was not restored properly
4. Fix: fixed a crash when closing a plugin’s window
5. Better gyros behavior

V4.0.1
1. Fix: some mouse clicks were not captured properly in the Maintenance Report window
2. Fix: it was not possible to properly change the oil filter using the Maintenance Report
window
3. More accurate engine dynamics and flight model on XP11.30

V4.0.0
1. New: Economic System
2. Improved multimonitor support

V3.5.11
1. Vacuum Pump: the pump failure can be triggered using X-Plane failures menu
2. Attitude Indicator: the indicator failure can be triggered using X-Plane failures menu
3. Fix: changing livery or airport could not allow the aircraft to load its status properly
4. Fix: the flaps drag was too high in XP11.30

V3.5.10
1. Minor fixes

V3.5.9
1. The Hypoxia warning is shown only when the TUC is lower than 20 minutes

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 56
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V3.5.8
1. Minor fixes

V3.5.7
1. Fix: the state loading could load incomplete data on some systems
2. Minor fixes

V3.5.6
1. Better fuel flow at startup
2. It’s now possible to paste the text in the licence box
3. Improved compatibility with X-Plane 11.30
4. Improved flaps pitch moment in X-Plane 11.26+
5. Fix: saving a state file could have caused a crash on some specific system configurations
6. Fix: the static elements are better managed after leaving the replay mode
7. Fix: in some cases REP was unable to retrieve the correct system time

V3.5.5
1. Fix: In some cases the plugin was unable to recognize if the sim was paused or not. This
could lead to some major issues, such airplane crash after leaving replay mode
2. Fix: the prop governor did not react correctly when controlled using a joystick axis
3. Fix: minor fixes to the sound engine
4. Fix: in some cases the engine temps were not updated correctly if the airplane was loaded
in flight, causing the oil pump to seize
5. Fix: in some cases the liveries status were not loaded properly when changing from a livery
to another of the same aircraft
6. It is now possible to disable the advanced steering algorithm
7. Minor fixes

V3.5.4
1. Fix: the vacuum system may have reported a false LOW VAC warning
2. Fix: the electric system may have reported a false LOW VOLTS warning
3. Minor Fixes

V3.5.3
1. Fix: fixed a compatibility issue with the sound engine
2. Fix: the parking brake lever was not properly set when parking brake was toggled using
X-Plane default commands.

V3.5.2
1. Fix: the new OpenAL equalizer showed some incompatibility with 3rd party plugins. This
update will try to work around them and prevent crashes. A better fix will be provided in
future releases.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 57
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

2. Fix: the parking brake lever was not properly set when parking brake was toggled using
X-Plane default commands.
3. Fix: the steering is now working properly in XP11.30+
4. Fix: the installation files were not updated in v3.5.0

V3.5.1
1. Fix: the flaps handle did not move when the battery was off
2. Fix: the flaps motor sound was heard while checking the flaps during the walkaround
3. XP11.30 new hypoxia effect is now overridden and REP’s more precise hypoxia effect is
used instead

V3.5.0
1. New: It is now possible to load a worn out airplane. Checkout the Persistent Aircraft and
Components Wearing chapter.
2. New: The cockpit instrumentation wears out with time and can be fixed using the Mainte-
nance Report
3. New: Hobbs Time and Tach Time are now counted separately for the airframe and the
engines
4. New: It is now possible to move the viewpoint while in walkaround or towing mode. VR not
supported yet. See the Towing and Walkaround sections for more information.
5. The static elements, such chocks and tie-downs, are now managed during replay
6. The propeller governor dynamics at low RPMs are much improved
7. Improved starter algorithm
8. Fix: Corrected a typo in the checklists
9. Fix: the radios did not correctly save the stored frequencies
10. Fix: under certain conditions, the fuel pump sounds where not stopped with the pump itself
11. Fix: a bug prevented the cylinders to fail properly and to report their compressions in the
Maintenance Report
12. Fix: the hypoxia message was shown when the hypoxia was disabled
13. Fix: the oil filter get less clogged when it’s past TBO
14. Fix: the autostart broke if the weight and balance configuration was changed while it was
running
15. Fix: The Maintenance Report and the Kneeboard were not dimmed correctly at night

V3.4.6
1. New: Automatic updates via SkunkCrafts Updater plugin
2. New: REP is now compatible with the Differential and progressive brakes for X-Plane 11
plugin
3. Improved documentation
4. Improved gyros spin-down behavior
5. The CHT and Oil Temperature now rise faster in warm weather conditions
6. Improved ground steering
7. Improved ground effect
8. Fix: corrected the stall warning sound during flare
9. Fix: the automatic start procedure selected the wrong fuel tank

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 58
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

10. Fix: failures and damages were triggered while in replay mode
11. Fix: the oil pressure needle was not visibile if the airplane was loaded with the engines
running
12. Minor improvements

V3.4.5
1. New: It is possible to manage the static elements from the plugins menu
2. New: Command to toggle the static elements
3. New: Command to fix all systems
4. New: REP correctly recognizes the engine failures triggered by X-Plane
5. Fix: The gyros where stuck when the engine was switched off
6. Fix: Improved the stall behavior in XP11.20+
7. Fix: In the latest X-Plane versions the in-flight tip messages may have been not shown
correctly
8. Fix: Some entries in the tech report were not clickable
9. Fix: Minor typos in kneeboard
10. The installer has been improved to work with all the airplane mods available over the
Internet
11. More realistic hypoxia effect at lower altitudes
12. Improved documentation

V3.4.4
1. Minor fixes

V3.4.3
1. New: Improved engine torque algorithm
2. New: Improved sparkplugs fouling algorithm
3. New: Removed the mouse gestures to open the kneeboard
4. New: The checklists/mass and balance/towing mode/autostart are now accessible from
the plugins menu as well as the lateral menu
5. New: a new command has been added to switch on the HI fuel pump
6. Improved multimonitor compatibility

7. Fix: oil pressure was sometimes too low

8. Minor fixes

V3.4.2
Internal test build – not released to the public

V3.4.1
1. Fix: missing input chars in textbox
2. Fix: input on multimonitor setup was not working as expected
3. Minor fixes

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 59
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V3.4.0
1. New: Experimental VR Support
2. New: SDK 3.0 (Detachable) windows
3. Improved engine model
4. Minor fixes

V3.3.1:
1. Fix: Too rich mixture at full power
2. Minor fixes

V3.3.0
1. New: 100% custom engine model to replace the internal X-Plane piston engine
2. New: Engine monitor enables engine fine tuning during flight
3. New: Improved drag model
4. New: Improved walkround oil system check
5. New: Improved ground roll sounds
6. New: Improved ADI spoolup model
7. New: Walkaround keyboard commands
8. Minor fixes

V3.2.1
1. Fix: Loading and unloading the plugin more times caused a crash
2. Fix: If the flight was started with engine running, the mixture was set to idle-cutoff
3. Minor fixes

V3.2.0
1. New: 3D sounds
2. New: Advanced gyro wander
3. New: You can now check the pitot probe temperature during walkaround
4. New: Postflight walkaround
5. New: Lights check during walkaround
6. New: More informations about the cylinders status
7. New: The hobbs hour are now saved in the airplane state file and restored the next session
8. Improved steering algorithm
9. Better startup sounds
10. Fixed a bug that caused the cylinders to not being fixed correctly after an engine seizure
11. The landing gear failures are based on actual gravity acceleration. Now the landing on
sloped strips are more realistic.
12. Fix a bug that may caused the engine to not fail when it should have
13. Minor fixes and improvements

V3.1.1
1. New: The chocks and tie downs are checked before automatic start

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 60
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

2. New: The lateral menu can now be completely hidden (see the plugin settings window)
3. Alternator output set to 28V and battery to 24
4. Improved flooded engine message
5. Better compatibility with the “Start with engine running” setting
6. Fix: the label colors in some walkaround views were incorrect
7. Fix (XP11 only): the wind sound volume is controlled by the environment sounds volume
8. Minor fixes

V3.1.0
1. New: Dynamic ground roll sounds
2. Minor fixes

V3.0.0
1. New: reworked user interface and graphics
2. New: automatic startup procedure
3. Improved flight dynamics in X-Plane 11
4. Fix: some throttle quadrants did not work correctly with REP
5. Minor fixes and improvements

V2.6.4
1. New: Flight dynamics improvements in both X-Plane 10 and 11
2. Fix: Minor fixes

V2.6.3
1. Fix: The right toebrake did not couple properly with external rudder pedals
2. Fix: The oil system “Refill” button was not clickable

V2.6.2
1. Fix: Minor fixes

V2.6.1
1. Fix: Checklists typos
2. Fix: Improved fuel pump sounds
3. Fix: The wheel brakes may be stuck after towing
4. Fix: Improved engines doppler and distance sounds
5. Fix: Damages disabled during replay
6. Fix: Improved the joystick compatibility with the new propeller governor

V2.6.0
1. New: Custom propeller governor

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 61
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

V2.5.1
1. Fix: Corrected the toe brakes algorithm

V2.5.0
1. New: Improved torque effect
2. New: Improved CHT and Oil Temperature algorithm
3. New: Oil temperature tips
4. New: Improved hypoxia effect & algorithm
5. New: Fuel & Oil check in walkaround mode
6. Minor Fixes

V2.4.0
1. New: Spark plugs dynamics:
• The spark plugs get fouled when the engine runs at low RPMs
• The default spark plugs can be replaced with the fine-wire ones
2. New: Hypoxia can now be disabled in the settings panel
3. New: The engine may be damaged by wrong ROP/LOP operations
4. Minor Fixes

V2.3.0
1. New: Hypoxia simulation
2. New: Oil filter simulation: need to replace it at every oil change
3. New: Oil pump damage simulation
4. New: Fuel filter simulation: need to replace it after TBO
5. New: Vacuum pump casual failure simulation
6. New: More realistic engine priming dynamics
7. New: Improved W&B simulation during flight
8. Fix: Minor bug fixes

V2.2.1
1. Fix: the installer did not apply some changes correctly

V2.2.0
1. New: Simplified installation
2. Fix: The analog and digital fuel flow gauges were not reporting the correct fuel flow under
certain circumstances
3. Fix: Minor fixes

V2.1.0
1. New: Engine pre-heating and winterization kit
2. New: The avionics settings are restored after reloading the airplane

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 62
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

3. New: Better compatibility with other plugins that manage the state of the airplane (such
as X-Bookmark)
4. New: The sounds volume is controlled by the Carenado volume knob
5. New: The lateral menu is dimmed at night
6. Fix: More realistic ground physics
7. Fix: The oil system is now reporting the correct oil quantity
8. Fix: Minor fixes

V2.0.3
1. Fix: The cowl flaps lever cannot be moved using the mouse wheel
2. Fix: The kneeboard images were cutted and not shown correctly

V2.0.2
1. New: Improved cylinders physics
• The CHT temperature is now provided by a custom algorithm
2. New: Improved oil system
• The oil temperature is now provided by a custom algorithm
• The oil temperature and pressure depends also on oil quantity an quality
3. New: Improved touchdown sounds
4. Minor Fixes

V2.0.1
1. Fix: It was not possible to enter the walkaround mode if the “Cold and Dark” option was
disabled
2. Fix: Typos in the towing tips
3. Fix: The Walkaround checklists were not correctly visible on smaller screens.

V2.0.0
1. New: Custom interactive walkaround and pre-flight procedures.
2. New: Custom airplane towing system
3. New: More advanced engine physics (especially for engine startup)
4. New: More complex damages system for the avionics, the engine and the landing gear
such as:
• Oversquare operation of the engine is not always allowed
• The tire are damaged if the brakes are active on touchdown
5. New: More in-flight tips
6. New: Custom menu that provides an easy access to REP’s features
7. New: Stall buffeting effect (improved if HeadShake 1.5+ is installed)
8. Minor changes to the sounds system
9. Minor changes to the graphics system
10. Bug fixes

V1.0.2
1. New: Correct steering and ground roll physics, especially in cross wind conditions.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 63
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

2. New: The Weight & Balance tool now predicts the C.G. position at landing.
3. New: HeadShake and REP integration to better simulate the engine vibrations of the TSIO-
520 (Headshake v1.5 or higher required).
4. Fix: Improved compatibility with Saitek products.
5. Fix: Minor fixes.

V1.0.1
1. New: A tip is shown if the pilot is managing the plane’s system in the wrong manner.
2. New: Some failures (such the avionic’s) are behaving in a more realistic way.
3. New: The parasite roll moment incorrectly reproduced by X-Plane is reduced.
4. New: The flooded engine behavior is now more realistic. If flooded, the engine may actually
starts with closed mixture.
5. New: Engine manufacturer and model in the Hangar window.
6. New: Better oil color report in the Hangar window.
7. New: Added the “About” menu.
8. Fix: Sometimes, the joystick mixture axis was not correctly recognized.
9. Fix: Cranking a running engine does not reduce the engine’s RPM anymore.
10. Fix: Cranking a running engine does not cause an avionics failure anymore.
11. Fix: The pilot altimeter’s barometer was rendered incorrectly.
12. Fix: The propeller joystick axis was not working as expected.
13. Fix: The oil pressure was too high during flight.
14. Fix: Minor changes to improve performance and correct typos.

V1.0.0
1. Initial Release

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 64
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

LICENCE
End-User License Agreement for SimCoders.com Reality Expansion Pack

This End-User License Agreement (EULA) is a legal agreement between you (either an individual
or a single entity) and the mentioned author (SimCoders.com) of this Software for the software
product identified above, which includes computer software and may include associated media,
printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation (“SOFTWARE PRODUCT”).
By installing, copying, or otherwise using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, you agree to be bounded by
the terms of this EULA. If you do not agree to the terms of this EULA, do not install or use the
SOFTWARE PRODUCT.

SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENSE

The Reality Expansion Pack is being distributed as payware licenced software for personal,
commercial use, non-profit organization, educational purpose. It may not be included with
CD-ROM/DVD-ROM distributions. You are NOT allowed to make a charge for distributing this
Software (either for profit or merely to recover your media and distribution costs) whether as a
stand-alone product, or as part of a compilation or anthology, nor to use it for supporting your
business or customers without the written permission of the author. It may not be distributed
freely on any website or through any other distribution mechanism.

1. GRANT OF LICENSE.
This EULA grants you the following rights: Installation and Use. You may install and use an
unlimited number of copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT.
Reproduction and Distribution. You may not reproduce and distribute an unlimited number of
copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT.

2. DESCRIPTION OF OTHER RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS.

Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, Disassembly and change (add,delete or
modify) the resources in the compiled the assembly. You may not reverse engineer, decompile,
or disassemble the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, except and only to the extent that such activity is
expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation.

Update and Maintenance

The Reality Expansion Pack minor upgrates are FREE of charge.

Separation of Components.
The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed as a single product. Its component parts may not be
separated for use on more than one computer.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 65
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk

Software Transfer.
You may permanently transfer all of your rights under this EULA, provided the recipient agrees to
the terms of this EULA.

Termination.
Without prejudice to any other rights, the Author of this Software may terminate this EULA if you
fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this EULA. In such event, you must destroy all
copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and all of its component parts.

3. COPYRIGHT.
All title and copyrights in and to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT (including but not limited to any images,
photographs, clipart, libraries, and examples incorporated into the SOFTWARE PRODUCT), the
accompanying printed materials, and any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are owned by
the Author of this Software. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is protected by copyright laws and
international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the SOFTWARE PRODUCT like any other
copyrighted material. The licensed users or licensed company can use all functions, example,
templates, clipart, libraries and symbols in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to create new diagrams
and distribute the diagrams.

LIMITED WARRANTY
NO WARRANTIES.
The Author of this Software expressly disclaims any warranty for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT.
The SOFTWARE PRODUCT and any related documentation is provided “as is” without warranty
of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the implied warranties or
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or noninfringement. The entire risk arising out
of use or performance of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT remains with you.

NO LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES.

In no event shall the author of this Software be liable for any special, consequential, incidental
or indirect damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business
profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary or physical
loss) arising out of the use of or inability to use this product, even if the Author of this Software
is aware of the possibility of such damages and known defects.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 66
 Reality Expansion Pack
Cessna C172SP Skyhawk LibCURL EULA

LibCURL EULA
The following statements are applicable only to the LibCURL library used to provide some
features of this product.

COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE

Copyright (c) 1996 - 2018, Daniel Stenberg, [email protected], and many contributors, see the
THANKS file.
All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee
is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT
SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising
or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written
authorization of the copyright holder.

©SimCoders.com - For flight simulation only. Do not use for real flight Page 67