Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

Section 2.1

Homeworks in section 2.1 include: 11, 17, 23, 26, 35, 37, 39, 45, 57, 61, 65, 71.

11. Sketch the graph of each quadratic function and compare it with the graph of y = x2 .
(a) f (x) = (x − 1)2 (b) g(x) = (3x)2 + 1
 2
1
(c) h(x) = x −3 (d) k(x) = (x + 3)2
3
Solution

(a) For f (x) = (x − 1)2 , we have the coordinates of the vertex is (1, 0). The graph of the function is a parabola
that opens upward. This corresponds to a right shift of one unit relative to the graph of y = x2 , as shown in the
figure. The axis of the parabola is the vertical line x = 1.

y = x2 4 y = (x − 1)2

x
−2 −1 1 2 3

(b) For g(x) = (3x)2 + 1 = 9x2 + 1, we y

have a = 9, b = 0, and c = 1. Since a > 0, y = (3x)2 + 1
8
the parabola opens up. The x-coordinate of
the vertex is
7
b 0
h=− =− =0
2a 2(9) 6
The y-coordinate of the vertex is y= x2
5
k = g(0) = 1
4
So the vertex is at (0, 1), and the axis of sym-
metry is the line x = 0. The table of some 3
points belonging to the graph is
2
x −2 −1 1 2
y 37 10 10 37
1
Compare with the graph of y = x2 ,
the
graph of y = (3x)2 + 1 is horizontally com-
x
pressed and shifted vertically upward one −2 −1 1 2 3
unit, as shown in the figure.

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

1 2 x2
 
1
(c) For h(x) = x −3 = − 3, we have a = , b = 0, and c = −3. Since a > 0, the parabola opens
3 9 9
up. The x-coordinate of the vertex is
b 0
h=− =− =0
2a 2a
The y-coordinate of the vertex is

k = h(0) = −3

So the vertex is at (0, −3), and the axis of symmetry is the line x = 0. Compared with the graph of y = x2 , the
 2
1
graph of y = x − 3 is horizontally stretched and shifted vertical downward three units, as shown in the
3
figure.

y = x2
y

2  2
1
y= x −3
1 3

x
−6 −3 3 6
−1

−3

(d) For k(x) = (x + 3)2 , which is in the standard form of a quadratic function, we have the coordinates of the
vertex is (−3, 0). The graph of the function is a parabola that opens up. This graph is shifted vertically to the
left 3 units relative to the graph of y = x2 , as shown below.

y = x2
y = (x + 3)2 y

x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
−1

17. Write the quadratic function f (x) = x2 − 6x + 2 in standard form and sketch its graph. Identify
the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercept(s).

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

Solution

Write the quadratic function in standard from by completing the square:

f (x) = x2 − 6x + 2
= x2 − 6x + 9 − 9 + 2
= (x − 3)2 − 7

Thus, the standard from of the function f (x) = x2 − 6x + 2 is f (x) = (x − 3)2 − 7.

The graph of f is a parabola that opens upward and has it vertex at (3, −7). The y-intercept of the graph is at
point (0, 2).
Moreover, since the axis of the parabola is the vertical line x = 3, the point (6, 2) is also on the graph. Therefore,
the graph of the function is shown below.

y y = x2 − 6x + 2

1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6

−1

−2

−3

−4

−5

−6

−7

The x-intercept(s) of the functions is where the y-coordinate is 0. It means that the x-intercept(s) is the solutions
of the equations:

f (x) = 0 ⇔ (x − 3)2 − 7 = 0
⇔ (x − 3)2 = 7
 √ √
x−3= √ 7 ⇔x=3+ √7
⇔
x−3=− 7 ⇔x=3− 7
 √
x = 3 + √7
⇔
x=3− 7

√ √
Thus, the x-intercepts are x = 3 + 7 and x = 3 − 7.

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

23. Write the quadratic function f (x) = −x2 + 2x + 5 in standard form and sketch its graph. Identify
the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercept(s).

Solution

Write the quadratic function in standard form by completing the square:

f (x) = −x2 + 2x + 5
= −(x2 − 2x) + 5
= −(x2 − 2x + 1 − 1) + 5
= −(x2 − 2x + 1) + 1 + 5
= −(x − 1)2 + 6

Thus, the standard form of the function is −(x − 1)2 + 6.

The graph of f is a parabola that opens downward had has it vertex at (1, 6). The y-intercept of the graph is at
the point (0, 5). Since the axis of symmetry is the line x = 1, the point (2, 5) is also on the graph. Therefore,
the graph of the function is shown below.

y
7

1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5

−1
y = −x2 + 2x + 5
−2

The x-intercept(s) is the solutions of the equations:

f (x) = 0 ⇔ −(x − 1)2 + 6 = 0
⇔ (x − 1)2 = 6
 √
x−1= √ 6
⇔
x−1=− 6
 √
x = 1 + √6
⇔
x=1− 6
√ √
Thus, there are two x-intercept(s) including x = 1 + 6 and x = 1 − 6

26. Write the quadratic function f (x) = 2x2 − x + 1 in standard form and sketch its graph. Identify
the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercept(s).

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

Solution

Write the quadratic function in standard form by completing the square:

f (x) = 2x2 − x + 1
1
= 2(x2 − x) + 1
2
1 1 1
= 2(x2 − 2 · · x + − )+1
4 16 16
2 1 1 1
= 2(x − 2 · · x + )− +1
4 16 8
 2
1 7
=2 x− +
4 8

1 2
 
Thus, the standard form of the function is 2 x − + 1.
4
 
1 7 1
The graph of f is a parabola that opens up and has its vertex at , . This corresponds to a right shift of
4 8 4
7
unit and a upward shift of units relative to the graph of y = 2x2 .
8
1
Also, the axis of symmetry of the graph is the line x = .
4

1 2 7
 
y =2 x− +
4 8
y
y = 2x2
4

1
x
−2 −1 1 1 2 3
4

−1

From the graph of the function, we notice that there is no x-intercept in this case.

35. Write the standard form of the quadratic function whose graph is the parabola shown.

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

Solution

The general formula of the standard form of the quadratic function is defined as

f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k, a ̸= 0

in which (h, k) is the vertex, and a is the coefficient.

From the graph, the vertex of the function is at (−2, −1), so h = −2 and k = −1. This means we have

f (x) = a(x + 2)2 − 1

In addition, the graph of the function also passes through the point (0, 3), thus we obtain:

f (0) = 3 ⇔ a(0 + 2)2 − 1 = 3

⇔ 4a − 1 = 3
⇔a=1

Thus, the standard form of the quadratic function is f (x) = (x + 2)2 − 1.

In Exercises 37, 39, 45, write the standard form of the quadratic function whose graph is a parabola with
the given vertex and that passes through the given point
37. Vertex: (−2, 5); point: (0, 9) 39. Vertex: (1, −2); point: (−1, 14)
   
−5 7 16
45. Vertex: , 0 ; point: − , −
2 2 3
Solution

The general formula of the standard form of the quadratic function is defined as

f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k, a ̸= 0

where (h, k) is the vertex, and a is the coefficient.

37. The vertex is at (−2, 5), thus we have

f (x) = a(x + 2)2 + 5

The graph also passes through the point (0, 9), so we have

f (0) = 9 ⇔ a(0 + 2)2 + 5 = 9

⇔ 4a + 5 = 9
⇔a=1

Thus, the standard from the the function is f (x) = (a + 2)2 + 5 .

39. The vertex is at (1, −2), so we have

f (x) = a(x − 1)2 − 2

The graph also passes through the point (−1, 14), so we have

f (−1) = 14 ⇔ a(−1 − 1)2 − 2 = 14

⇔ 4a − 2 = 14
⇔a=4

Thus, the standard form of the function is f (x) = 4(x − 1)2 − 2 .

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

 
5
45. The vertex is at − , 0 , so we have
2
5 2
 
f (x) = a x +
2
 
7 16
The graph also passes through the point − , − , so we have
2 3
7 5 2
   
7 16 16
f − =− ⇔a − + =−
2 3 2 2 3
16
⇔a=−
3
 2
16 5
Thus, the standard form of the function is f (x) = − x+ .
3 2

In Exercises 57 and 61, find two quadratic functions, one that opens upward and one that opens down-
ward, whose graphs have the given x-intercepts. (There are many correct answers.)
 
1
57. (−3, 0), (3, 0) 61. (−3, 0), ,0
2
Solution

57. Since the two points (−3, 0) and (3, 0) are x-intercepts, the factors of the quadratic functions are (x + 3)
and (x − 3). This means the general quadratic function for this case is
f (x) = a(x + 3)(x − 3) = a(x2 − 9)

To let the functions open upward, a must be greater than zero, so I can choose one value of a ∈ R such that
a > 0. I choose a = 1, so the function that opens upward and satisfy the conditions is

f (x) = x2 − 9

To let the functions open downward, a must be smaller than zero, so I can choose one value of a ∈ R such that
a < 0. I choose a = −1, so the function that opens upward and satisfy the conditions is

f (x) = −x2 + 9

 
1
61. The factors of the quadratic functions are (x + 3) and x− . Thus, the general quadratic function for
2
this case is
 
1
f (x) = a(x + 3) x −
2
To let the functions open upward, a must be greater than zero, so I can choose one value of a ∈ R such that
a > 0. I choose a = 1, so the function that opens upward and satisfy the conditions is
 
1 5 3
f (x) = (x + 3) x − = x2 + x −
2 2 2

To let the functions open downward, a must be smaller than zero, so I can choose one value of a ∈ R such that
a < 0. I choose a = −1, so the function that opens upward and satisfy the conditions is
 
1 5 3
f (x) = −(x + 3) x − = −x2 − x +
2 2 2

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Ly Ba Hoang - 1695172 MTH 1114 Homeworks

65. Find two positive real numbers whose product is a maximum. The sum of the first and twice the
second is 24.

Solution

Let x1 be the first number, x2 be the second number, and T be the possible values of the product x1 x2 . As
given by the problem, we have
x1 + 2x2 = 24 (1)

And we need to find the maximum value of T = x1 x2 .

From (1), we can conclude that x1 and x2 can not be zero at the same time. In other words, either x1 ̸= 0 or
x2 ̸= 0. Assume that x2 ̸= 0, we have
T
x1 = (2)
x2
Substitute (2) into (1), we obtain:
T
+ 2x2 = 24 ⇔ T + 2x22 = 24x2
x2
⇔ T = −2x22 + 24x2

The maximum value of T equals to the maximum value of the function f (x2 ) = −2x22 + 24x2 . Consider the
function f (x), we have b = 24 and a = −2 < 0, so the function opens downwards and has only one maximum
b 24
at x2 = − =− = 6. The maximum value is f (6) = 72.
2a 2(−2)
Thus, the first number is x1 = 12 and the second number is x2 = 6 , and the maximum value of the product
of them is T = 72 .

71. The total revenue R earned (in thousands of dollars) from manufacturing handheld video games is
given by R(p) = −25p2 + 1200p, where p is the price per unit (in dollars).
(a) Find the revenues when the prices per unit are $20, $25, and $30.
(b) Find the unit price that yields a maximum revenue. What is the maximum revenue? Explain.

Solution

(a) The revenue when prices per unit are $20 is

R(20) = −25(20)2 + 1200(20) = $14000

The revenue when prices per unit are $25 is

R(20) = −25(25)2 + 1200(25) = $14375

The revenue when prices per unit are $30 is

R(20) = −25(30)2 + 1200(30) = $13500

(b) To let the revenue hits its maximum, the value of R(p) must also hits its maximum.
The total revenue R earned is given by a quadratic function R(p) = −25p2 + 1200p (p is the price per unit).
b 1200
Since b = 1200 and a = −25 < 0, the maximum revenue of R(p) happens when p = − =− = 24.
2a 2(−25)
The maximum revenue is
Rmax = R(24) = $14400

Thus, the unit price that yields a maximum value is p = $24 , and the maximum revenue is R(p) = $14400 .