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Seismic Design

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Lekshmi T
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9 views14 pages

Seismic Design

Uploaded by

Lekshmi T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN &

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SEISMIC DESIGN
CONTENTS

 SEISMIC DESIGN

 INDIAN STANDARD CODE PROVISIONS

 HORIZONTAL DESIGN COEFFICIENT

 BASE SHEAR

 VERTICAL LOAD DISTRIBUTION


SEISMIC DESIGN

• Deals with structural analysis of buildings, bridges and roads , with the aim of making

them resistant to earthquake and other seismic activity

•Design should consider various effects produced by the ground motion that is caused by

the earthquake.

•Factors of seismic analysis

1. Duration

2. Magnitude

3. Velocity

• Common element in the displacement of structures by the motion of earthquake is the

carrying over of the seismic force into the structure themselves . Thus structures get

destroyed.
•Inertial force – produced by the movement of ground

•Greater the mass of the structure , greater is this inertial force, hence the likelihood of

destruction.

Approach of seismic design is to produce more lightweight structures

Correlation between structural mass and inertial force. Selection of material is critical

to the process in order to minimize mass

Material should have a good absorption ratings

Example :

- wood

- steel frames

- reinforced walls etc


IS CODE PROVISIONS
IS 1893:1984- Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures

•Deals with earthquake resistant design of structures and is applicable to buildings ;

elevated structures ;bridges; dams etc

•It also gives a map which divides the country into five seismic zones based on

seismic intensity.

•This standard is revised into five parts which deals with different types of structures.
Part 1: General provisions and buildings
part 2: liquid retaining tanks- elevated and ground supported
part 3: Bridges and retaining walls
part 4: Industrial structures including stack like structures
part 5: Dams and Embankments.
IS 1893(Part 1):2002- Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures

Part 1: General provisions and buildings.

•Provision that are general in nature and applicable to all structures.

•Specific to buildings only

• It covers general principles and design criteria, combinations, design spectrum,

main attributes of buildings, dynamic analysis, apart from seismic zoning map and

seismic coefficients of important towns, map showing epicenters, map showing

tectonic features and lithological map of India.


IS 1893(Part 4):2005- Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures

Part 4, Industrial structures including stack like structures

• This standard deals with earthquake resistant design of the industrial structures

(plant and auxiliary structures) including stack-like structures such as process

industries, power plants, textile industries, off-shore structures and

marine/port/harbor structures

• In addition to the above, stack-like structures covered by this standard are such

as transmission and communication towers, chimneys and stack-like structures

and silos (including parabolic silos used for urea storage).


• The characteristics (intensity, duration, etc) of seismic ground vibrations expected

at any location depends upon the magnitude of earthquake, its depth of focus,

distance from the epicenter, characteristics of the path through which the seismic

waves travel, and the soil strata on which the structure stands

• The design approach adopted in this standard is to ensure that structures possess

minimum strength to withstand minor earthquakes (DBE)which occur frequently,

without damage; resist moderate earthquakes (DBE) without significant structural

damage though some non-structural damage may occur; and withstand a major

earthquake (MCE) without collapse.


• IS 4326:1993 Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings -
Code of Practice

• This standard provides guidance in selection of materials, special features of


design and construction for earthquake resistant buildings including masonry
construction, timber construction, prefabricated construction
• In this standard, it is intended to cover the specified features of design and
construction for earthquake resistance of buildings of conventional types.
• The general principles to be observed in the construction of such earthquake
resistant buildings as specified in this standard are Lightness, Continuity of
Construction, avoiding/reinforcing Projecting and suspended parts, Building
configuration, strength in various directions, stable foundations, Ductility of
structure, Connection to non-structural parts and fire safety of structures.
• Special Construction Features like Separation of Adjoining Structures, Crumple
Section, Foundation design, Roofs and Floors and Staircases have been elaborated
in the standard.
IS 13827:1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings –
Guidelines
• The guidelines covered in this standard deal with the design and construction
aspects for improving earthquake resistance of earthen houses, without the use
of stabilizers such as lime, cement, asphalt, etc
• The provisions of this standard are applicable for seismic zones III, IV and
V. No special provisions are considered necessary in Zone II. However,
considering inherently weak against water and earthquake, earthen buildings
should preferably be avoided in flood prone, high rainfall areas and seismic
zones IV and V
• It has been recommended that such buildings should be light, single storied
and of simple rectangular plan. Qualitative tests for the suitability of soil have
been suggested.
• Guidelines for Block or Adobe Construction, Rammed earth construction,
Seismic strengthening of bearing wall buildings, Internal bracing in earthen
houses and earthen constructions with wood or cane structures have heen
elaborated in this standard.
IS 13828:1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength
Masonry Buildings – Guidelines
• This standard covers the special features of design and construction for
improving earthquake resistance of buildings of low-strength masonry
• The provisions of this standard are applicable in all seismic zones. No
special provisions are considered necessary for buildings in seismic zone II
if cement-sand mortar not leaner than 1:6 is used in masonry and through
stones or bonding elements are used in stone walls.

IS 13920:1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures


Subjected to Seismic Forces – Code of Practice
• This standard covers the requirements for designing and detailing of
monolithic reinforced concrete buildings so as to give them adequate
toughness and ductility to resist severe earthquake shocks without collapse
• The provisions for reinforced concrete construction given in this standard
apply specifically to monolithic reinforced concrete construction.
IS 13935:2009 Seismic Evaluation, Repair and Strengthening of Masonry
Buildings – Guidelines
• This standard covers the selection of materials and techniques to be used
for repair and seismic strengthening of damaged buildings during
earthquakes
• It also covers the damageability assessment and retrofitting for upgrading
of seismic resistance of existing masonry buildings covered under IS 4326
and IS 13828.
Seismic Coefficient Method
• The seismic coefficient method is one of the static procedure for
earthquake resistant design of structures
• Horizontal/ or vertical forces, which are calculated as products of the
seismic coefficient Kh and Kv and the weight of the structures are applied
to the structures
Horizontal Design Coefficient
• The seismic coefficient Kh and Kv are determined by taking the importance
level of the structure and the seismic activity of the region into the
consideration
• Generally the horizontal coefficient Kh is 0.2-0.3 for roads, railways etc.
• The inertia force acting on a structure during earthquake motions is
expressed by
F=M.α
 F = α/g .Mg g acceleration due to gravity
=α/g W
Seismic coefficient can be recognized as a ratio of the acceleration of structure
to the gravity acceleration
Base Shear
• Base shear is an estimate of the maximum expected lateral force that will
occur due to seismic ground motion at the base of a structure
Calculation of base shear (v) depends on
• Soil conditions at the site
• Proximity to potential source of seismic activity (geological faults)
• The level of ductility and over strength associated with various structural
configurations and the total weight of the structure
• Natural period of vibration of the structure when subjected to dynamic
loading.

Vertical Load Distribution


• The seismic base shear V is distributed over the height of the building

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