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Youth Competition Times

Presents
University Grant Commission (UGC)
National Eligibility Test (NET)
(UGC-NTA NET/JRF)

TEACHING & RESEARCH

APTITUDE
Compulsory Paper-I, 2022
Chapterwise Solved Papers
with Explanation
Chief Editor
Anand Kumar Mahajan
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Youth Competition Times Subject Expert Team
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INDEX
UGC-NTA NET/JRF TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
UGC-NTA NET/JRF Syllabus ................................................................................................................................................ 3-4

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 14.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ........................... 5-13

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 14.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper ........................ 14-22

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 13.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ......................... 23-32

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 13.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper ........................ 33-40

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 12.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ......................... 41-49

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 12.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper ........................ 50-57

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 11.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ......................... 58-67

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 11.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper ........................ 68-76

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 10.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ......................... 77-84

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 10.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper ........................ 85-92

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 08.10.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ....................... 93-102

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 08.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper .................... 103-110

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 01.10.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper .................... 111-118

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 30.09.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ..................... 119-128

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 30.09.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper .................... 129-138

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 29.09.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ..................... 139-147

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 29.09.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper .................... 148-157

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 20.092022) Shift-II Solved Paper ..................... 158-165

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 12.07.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ..................... 166-174

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 12.07.2022) Shift-II Solved Paper .................... 175-183

UGC-NTA NET/JRF Exam. Dec. 2021/June 2022 Paper-I (Ex. dt. 09.07.2022) Shift-I Solved Paper ..................... 184-192

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UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
NET BUREAU - SYLLABUS
Subject: GENERAL PAPER ON TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE

PAPER-I
The main objective is to assess the teaching and research Unit-II : Research Aptitude

capabilities of the candidates. The test aims at assessing the • Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism
teaching and research aptitude as well. Candidates are expected to
and Post- positivistic approach to research.
possess and exhibit cognitive abilities, which include
• Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive,
comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding the structure of
Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
arguments, deductive and inductive reasoning. The candidates are

also expected to have a general awareness about teaching and • Steps of Research.

learning processes in higher education system. Further, they should • Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of

be aware of interaction between people, environment, natural referencing.

resources and their impact on the quality of life.
• Application of ICT in research.
The details of syllabi are as follows:
• Research ethics.
Unit-I : Teaching Aptitude
Unit-III : Comprehension
• Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching
• A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the
(Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics

and basic requirements. passage to be answered.

• Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and Unit-IV : Communication

adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and • Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of
Cognitive), Individual differences.
communication.
• Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner,
• Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural
Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning
and group communications, Classroom communication.
environment and Institution.
• Barriers to effective communication.
• Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning:

Teacher centred vs. Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. • Mass-Media and Society.

On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.). Unit-V : Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

• Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT • Types of reasoning.

based.
• Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
• Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation,
• Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio,
Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher
Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and
education, Computer based testing, Innovations in
Discounting, Averages etc.).
evaluation systems.

3
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Unit-VI : Logical Reasoning • Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic

• Understanding the structure of arguments: argument activities and their impacts on environment.
forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and
• Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution,
Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language,
Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid,
Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of
liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its
opposition.
Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
• Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive
• Impacts of pollutants on human health.
reasoning.

• Analogies. • Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro,

• Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.

validity of arguments. • Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.

• Indian Logic: Means of knowledge. • Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action
• Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference),
Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts
Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti
-Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on
(Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement,
• Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti
International Solar Alliance.
(invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).
Unit-X : Higher Education System
Unit-VII : Data Interpretation
• Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient
• Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.

• Quantitative and Qualitative Data. India.

• Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie- • Evolution of higher learning and research in Post

chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data. Independence India.

• Data Interpretation. • Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning

• Data and Governance. programmes in India.

Unit-VIII : Information and Communication Technology
• Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
(ICT)
• Value education and environmental education.
• ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
• Policies, Governance, and Administration.
• Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-
NOTE: (i) Five questions each carrying 2 marks are to
conferencing.
be set from each Module.
• Digital initiatives in higher education.

• ICT and Governance. (ii) Whenever graphical/pictorial question(s) are

Unit-IX : People, Development and Environment set for sighted candidates, a passage followed

• Development and environment: Millennium development by equal number of questions and weightage

and Sustainable development goals. be set for visually impaired candidates.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 14 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction (1-5): The following table presents the 3. What was the difference in the number of
percentage (%) distribution of production of various Model-B Laptops produced in 2019 and 2020?
models of Laptop (A-F) manufactured by a company (a) 3.55 Lakh (b) 2.70 Lakh
over two consecutive years in 2019 and 2020. The total (c) 2.25 Lakh (d) 1.75 Lakh
number of Laptops product in 2019 was 35 lakh and in Ans.(a): Since total number of Model-B laptops
2020. it was 44 lakhs. Based on the data in the table,
15
answer the questions: produced in 2019 = 35 × = 5.25 Lakh and total
Year-wise percentage Distribution of 100
Production of Laptops number of model-B Laptops produced in 2020
year Laptop Model (in %) 20
= 44 × = 8.80 Lakh
A B C D E F 100
2019 30% 15% 20% 10% 15% 10% Thus, the difference between the number of Model-B
Laptops produced in 2020 and 2019 = (8.80 – 5.25)
2020 40% 20% 15% 10% 10% 5% Lakh = 3.55 Lakh.
1. If the percentage production of Model-A 4. What is the ratio of number of Model-F
Laptops in 2020 was same that in 2019, then Laptops produced in 2019 to the number of
the number of Model-A Laptops produced in Model -C Laptops produced in 2020?
2020 would have been : (a) 33 : 59 (b) 35 : 66
(a) 14.0 Lakh (b) 13.2 Lakh (c) 37: 61 (d) 31 : 65
(c) 11.7 Lakh (d) 10.5 Lakh
Ans.(b): Total number of model-F laptops produced in
Ans.(b): Given- 10
Model-A in 2020 and Model-A in 2019. 2019 = 35 × =3.5 lakhs and total number of model-
100
Production Percentage = Production Percentage
15
Thus, the total number of Model-A C laptops produced in 2020=44× =6.6 lakhs
100
30
Produced in 2020= 44 × = 13.2 Lakh So, the ratio of number of model-F laptops produced in
100 2019 to the number of model-C laptops produced in
2. If 90% of the Model-D Laptops produced in 3.5 35
each year were sold by the company, then how 2020 = =
6.6 66
many Model-D laptops remained unsold?
(a) 76500 (b) 93500 5. Total number of Laptops of models A, B and E
(c) 79000 (d) 87000 produced in 2019 was :
(a) 24.50 lakh (b) 22.75 lakh
Ans. (c) : Since total number of Model-D laptops
(c) 21.00 lakh (d) 19.25 lakh
10
produced in 2019 = 35 × = 3.5 Lakh Ans.(c): The number of model-A, B and C produced in
100 30 15 15
Therefore, 90% of the total number of Model-D laptops 2019 = 35 × + 35 × + 35 ×
100 100 100
90
sold in 2019 = 3.5 × = 3.15 Lakh =10.5 + 5.25 + 5.25 = 21.00 lakhs
100
6. Match List I with List II
Thus, total number of Model-D Laptops unsold in 2019
= 3.5 – 3.15 = 0.35 lakh = 35000 List-I (Bigg's List-II
Presage-Process- (Factors)
and since, total number of Model-D Laptops Produced
Performance model
90 of learning)
in 2020 = 4.4 × = 3.96 Lakh
100 (a) Learning (i) Prior Knowledge
Thus, total number of Model-D laptops sold in 2020 = Outcome
(4.4-3.96) Lakh = 44000. (b) Learning (ii) Satisfaction
Therefore, the number of Model-D laptops Left in Focused Affective
(2019+2020) = 35000 + 44000 = 79000 Activities involvement
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(c) Student (iii) Ongoing Choose the correct answer from the options
Characteristics approach to given below:
learning (a) (A), (D) and (E) only
(d) Teaching (iv) Assessment (b) (B), (C) and (D) only
Context (c) (A), (B) and (C) only
(d) (C), (D) and (E) only
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below : Ans.(b): ROM is read only memory. RAM stores the
(A) (B) (C) (D) instruction you are currently work in on ROM stores the
BIOS. RAM allows the user to read and write data.
(a) iv ii iii i
ROM is acronym for read-only memory. It refers to
(b) i iv ii iii computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-
(c) ii iii i iv permanent data. Read-only memory is a non-volatile
(d) iii i iv ii solution. RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
Ans.(c): This memory is volatile, does not store data when
List-I List-II powered off. It is considered as read and write memory
Bigg's Presage-Process- Factors because that how the computer uses it. Unlike a
Performance model of computer's RAM, the data is ROM is not lost when the
learning computer power is turned off.
(a) Learning Outcome (ii) Satisfaction 9. Cyclical phases/sub processes of self regulated
Affective learning model by Zimmerman operate as
involvement (A) Task Analysis
(B) Self -motivation beliefs
(C) Self-Control
(b) Learning Focused (iii) Ongoing (D) Self-observation
Activities approach to
(E) Self-Judgment
learning
(F) Self-Reaction
(c) Student Characteristics (i) Prior Choose the correct answer from the options
Knowledge given below:
(d) Teaching Context (iv) Assessment (a) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F)
7. Given below are two statement : (b) (A), (C), (E), (B), (D), (F)
Statement (I) : Through attention frame, it is (c) (B), (E), (F), (A), (C), (D)
possible to assess the rate at which (d) (B), (C), (D), (A), (E), (F)
communicated content is brought to the notice Ans.(a): Zimmerman model of self-regulatory phases
of the people.
Statement (II) : In modern societies, the
attention frames are uniform, unrefined and
non- interactive when all the frames available
in the world are taken into account.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the option given below : Self - Judgment,
(a) both statement (I) and statement (II) are true Self - Reaction
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
false 10. Arrange the following different types of
(c) Statement (I) is true but statement (II) is false computer networks in an ascending order on
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true the basis of geographical area implied.
Ans.(c): Through attention frame. It is possible to (A) MAN
assess the rate of which communicated content is (B) WAN
brought to the notice of the people. It is correct (C) LAN
statement I and the statement II is false. Choose the correct answer from the options
8. With respect to RAM and ROM, which of the given below :
following statements are true? (a) (C), (B), (A) (b) (A), (C), (B)
(A) ROM is Real optical memory (c) (C), (A), (B) (d) (B), (A), (C)
(B) RAM stores the instruction you are Ans.(c): One of the major differences in the geographical
currently working on. area they cover, i.e. LAN covers the smallest area, MAN
(C) ROM stores the BIOS. covers an area larger than LAN and WAN comprises the
(D) RAM allows the user to read and write largest of all. There are other types of computer networks.
data. LAN Stands for local area network. MAN Stands for
(E) Both RAM and ROM lose their data metropolitan area network and WAN stands for wide area
when the power is turned off. network.
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11. Match List I with List II 14. Identify the tools for shared viewing of visual
List-I List-II and other interactive content within real time
(Computer terms) (Description) environments
(a) Hub (i) Input device (A) Virtual whiteboard
(b) Joystick (ii) Operating system (B) Slide showing
(c) Notepad (iii) Network device (C) Polling
(D) Quizzing
(d) Android (iv) Text editor
(E) Avatars
Choose the correct answer from the options
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
given below:
options given below:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) i iii i ii (a) (A), (B), (C), (D) only
(b) iii i ii iv (b) (A), (B), (D), (E) only
(c) iii i iv ii (c) (A), (C), (D), (E) only
(d) iv ii i iii (d) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
Ans.(c): Ans.(a): An avatar is a computer representation of users
List-I List-II in a computer-generated 3D world, used primarily in
chart and entertainment websites. Following tools used
(Computer terms) (Description)
for shared viewing and other interactive content within
(a) Hub (iii) Network device real-time environments.
(b) Joystick (i) Input device (i) Virtual white board
(c) Notepad (iv) Text editor (ii) Shite showing
(d) Android (ii) Operating system (iii) Polling
12. What is the correct sequence of various (iv) Quizzing
components of biogas in terms of their 15. Match List I with List II:
abundance?
(A) Ammonia (NH3) List-I List-II
(B) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) (H2S) (Article of Indian (Subject)
(C) Methane (CH4) Constitution)
(D) Carbon dioxide (CO2) (A) 45 (I) Empowering the
Choose the correct answer from the options state to make
given below : special
(a) B > D > A > C (b) C > D > A > B provisions for
(c) D > C > B > A (d) C > D > B > A women and their
Ans.(d): Biogas have almost following components education
with their abundance. (B) 30 (II) Responsibility of
Component Percentage (%) education
department of
CH4 50-80
the Union
CO2 30-50 Territories
H 2S 0.70 under the
NH3 Traces Central
13. A drawing that charts the relationships among Government.
ideas is known as ________ (C) 15 (3) (III) Right to free and
(a) Divergent thinking compulsory
(b) Concept map education
(c) Episodic memory (D) 239 (IV) Right of minorities
(d) Embodied cognition to establish and
Ans.(b): A concept map or conceptual diagram is a administer
diagram that depicts suggested relationships between education
concepts. Concept maps may be used by instructional institutions
designers, engineers, technical writers, and others to Choose the correct answer from the options
organize and structure knowledge. given below:
Episodic memory is the form of memory that allows an (A) (B) (C) (D)
individual to recollect happenings from his or her past.
Divergent thinking is a thought process or method used (a) iv iii ii i
to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible (b) iii iv i ii
solutions. Emboched cognition is the theory that many (c) ii i iv iii
features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are (d) i iii ii iv
shaped by aspects of an organisms entire body.
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Ans.(b): (c) Vishve Sarvya (iv) Nagpur
(A) Article 45 (iii) Right to free and National Institute of
compulsory Technology
education (d) School of Planning (iii) Vijayawada
(B) Article-30 (iv) Right of and Architecture
minorities to 18. Given below are two statements:
establish and Statement (I) : Atmospheric stability is
administer important because it determines the ability of
education pollutants to disperse vertically in the
(C) Article-15 (i) Empowering the atmosphere.
state to make Statement (II): In summer season in India, the
special provisions atmosphere is generally stable.
for women and In the light of the above statements, choose the
their education correct from the options given below :
(D) Article 259 (ii) Responsibility of (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
education (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
department of the (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
Union Territories (d) Statement (I) is false but statement (II) is true
under the Center
Government Ans.(c): Atmospheric stability plays the most important
role in the transport and dispersion of air pollutions. It
16. Arsenic pollution in ground water is due to can be defined as the atmospheric tendency to reduce or
(a) Oxides of arsenic (b) Sulphates of arsenic intensity vertical motion or alternatively to suppers or
(c) Acids of arsenic (d) Nitrates of arsenic enhance existing turbulence.
Ans.(c): Arsenic contaminated water typically contains Although statement I is true and the statement II is false.
arsenous acid and arsenic acid or their derivatives. It is a 19. Relics such as fingerprints are considered
high-profile problem due to the use of deep tube wells for credible by which of the following Research
water supply in the ganges Delta, causing serious arsenic methodology?
poisoning to large number of people. (a) Experimental (b) Quantitative
17. Match List I with List-II : (c) Historical (d) Descriptive
List-I List-II Ans.(c): Relies such as fingerprints are considered
(Institutes of National (Locations) credible by historical methodology. Fingerprints have
Importance) been found an ancient clay tablets, seals and pottery. In
(A) National Institute of (i) Mohali about 200 BC fingerprints were used to sign written
Design contracts in Babylon.
(B) National Institute of (ii) Ahmedabad 20. The University Grants Commission was
Pharmaceutical constituted on the recommendation of which of
Education and the following?
Research (a) Mudaliar Commission
(C) Vishvesaraya (iii) Vijayawada (b) Sargent Commission
National Institute of (c) Radha Krishnan Commission
Technology (d) Kothari Commission
(D) School of Planning (iv) Nagpur Ans.(c): The university grant commission was
and Architecture constituted on the recommendation of Radha Krishna
Choose the correct answer from the options Commission. The University Grants Commission
given below : (UGC) came into existence on 28 December 1953 and
became a statutory organization of the Government of
(A) (B) (C) (D) India by an Act of Parliament in 1956 to Coordinate,
(a) i iii iv ii determine and maintain standards of teaching,
(b) iii iv ii i examination and research in the university.
(c) iv iii i ii 21. The Internet-based communication for
(d) ii i iv iii learning is
Ans.(d): (A) Isolated
Institutes of National Location (B) Inter-dependent
Importance (C) Interactive
(a) National Institute of (ii) Ahmedabad (D) Automatic
Design (E) Wide -ranging
(b) National Institute of (i) Mohali Choose the correct answer from the options
Pharmaceutical given below :
Education and (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D), only
Research (c) (C), (D), (E), only (d) (A), (D), (E) only
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Ans.(c): Internet based communication refers to sharing
Ans.(b): The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development
information over the internet. From instant messaging to
adopted by all United Nations Member State in 2015,
placing calls, the internet offers multiple ways to provides a shaved blue print for peace and prosperity,
communicate. These tools help you save a considerable
for people and the planet, now and into the future.
amount. The Internet-based communication for learning
Among China, USA, Brazil, Russia and India. USA got
are interactive, automatic and wide ranging. first rank and India got last rank in Sustainable
22. Given below are two statements: development index 2020.
Statement (I) : While developing a 'consent 25. Identify the correct sequence of barriers to
form' an explanation of the purpose of the effective communication.
study, the reason for the selection of (A) Physical (B) Perceptual
participants should be explicit. (C) Emotional (D) Cultural
Statement (II) : However, there is no need to (E) Semantic
give a description of any potential risks to the Choose the correct answer from the options
participants. given below :
In the light of the above statements, choose the (a) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
correct answer from the options given below :
(b) (B), (C), (D), (E), (A)
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
(c) (D), (C), (A), (E), (B)
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
(d) (E), (D), (B), (A), (C)
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
Ans.(a): Physical, perceptual, emotional cultural, Semantic
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
are the correct sequence of barriers to affective
Ans.(c): While developing a consent form an communication. Information is transmitted from one person
explanation of the purpose of the study, the reason for
to another by means of communication in which ideas and
the selection of the participate should be explain. information are exchanged. This type of exchanged of
However there is need to give a description of any information is called effective communication.
potential risk to the participants. Therefore statement I
is true and statement II is false. 26. A sum of ` 53 is divided among A. B and C in
such a way that A gets `7 more than what B
23. Find the principal if the compound interest is gets and B gets `8 more than what C gets. The
2 ratio of their shares is:
charged on the principal at the rate of 16 %
3 (a) 27 : 20 : 12 (b) 27 : 17 : 09
per annum for two years and the sum becomes (c) 25 : 18 : 10 (d) 23 : 19 : 11
Rs. 196.
Ans.(c): Suppose C gets = x
(a) Rs. 140 (b) Rs.144
Then B gets = (x + 8)
(c) Rs. 150 (d) Rs. 154
and A gets = (x + 8 + 7)
Ans.(b): For compound interest Then according to the question
n
 R  x + x + 8 + x + 15 = 53
A = P 1 + 
 100  3x = 53 – 23
Where A is Total Amount 3x = 30
P is Principal Amount x = 10
R is rate Then C's share = ` 10
n is total number of years B's share = 10 + 8 = `18
2 A's share = 10 + 15 = `25
 50 
So, 196 = P 1 +  Hence the ratio of their share = 25 : 18 : 10
 3 × 100  27. Which of the following referencing style is used
36 for research in the field of Business, History
P = 196 ×
49 and Arts?
Hence P = Rs. 144 (a) APA style (b) MLA style
24. Identify the correct sequence of the following (c) Chicago style (d) IEEE style
countries in respect of their ranking in Ans.(b): MLA style referencing style is used for
Sustainable Development Index 2020. research in the field of Business, history and Arts.
(A) China 28. Match List I with List II
(B) USA List-I (Number Series) List-II (Value
(C) Brazil of P in the
(D) Russia Series)
(E) India
(A) 2, 9, 28, 65, 126, P, ...... (i) 220
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below : (B) 2, 10, 30, 68, 130, P, ..... (ii) 222
(a) D > B > A > E > C (b) B > A > C > D > E (C) 3,4, 11, 30, 67, 128, P, ... (iii) 217
(c) B > A . C > D > E (d) D > B > A > C > E (D) 5, 12, 31, 68, 129, P, .... (iv) 219

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Choose the correct answer from the options 30. Which of the following is the act of obtaining a
given below: password or other confidential information
(A) (B) (C) (D) from a person within an organization by using
(a) ii i iv iii unauthorized means such as feigning an
(b) iv ii iii i emergency situation?
(c) iii ii iv i (a) Social engineering
(d) i ii iv iii (b) Trojan horse
Ans.(c): The pattern followed is (c) Password crack
(A) 13 + 1 = 2 (d) Stepping-stone attack
23 + 1 = 9
33 + 1 = 28 Ans.(a): Social engineering is the act of obtaining a
43 +1 = 65 password or other confidential information from a
53 + 1 = 126 person within an organization by using. Unauthorized
P = 63 + 1 = 217 means such as feigning an emergency situation.
The pattern followed is 31. 400 students took a mock test ; 60% of the boys
(B) 13 + 1 = 2 and 80% of the girls cleared the cut off in the
23 + 2 = 10 test. If the total percentage of students clearing
33 + 3 = 30 the cut off in the test is 65%, then how many
43 + 4 = 68 girls appeared in the test?
53 + 5 = 130 (a) 100 (b) 120
P = 63 + 6 = 222 (c) 150 (d) 300
The pattern followed is Ans.(a): Let number of girls y and number of boys x
(C) 03 + 3 = 3 Then
13 + 3 = 4 x + y = 400 ....(i)
23 + 3 = 11
33 + 3 = 30 60x 80y 65
+ = 400 ×
43 + 3 = 67 100 100 100
53 + 3 = 128 6x 8y
63 + 3 = 219 + = 260
10 10
The pattern followed is 3x + 4y = 1300 ..... (ii)
(D) 13 + 4 = 5 from equation (i) and (ii)
23 + 4 = 12
y = 100, x = 300
33 + 4 = 31
43 + 4 = 68 ∵ Total number of girls = 100
53 + 4 = 129
63 + 4 = 220 32. The standard form categorical proposition of
29. Given below are two statements: 'Roses are fragrant' is
Statement (I) : In Anvaya-Vyatireki; middle (a) Some Roses are fragrant
term is both positively and negatively related to (b) Some fragrant things are not Roses
the major term. (c) No. Fragrant things are Roses
Statement (II) : The knowledge of vyapti in (d) All Roses are fragrant things
Anvaya-vyatereki is arrived at through the
joint method of agreement in presence and in Ans.(d): The standard form categorical proposition of
absence. 'Roses are fragrant' in all roses are fragrant things
In the light of the above statements, choose the 33. Given below are two statements:
correct answer from the options given below : Statement (I) : Extrinsically motivated students
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true are driven by rewards and praise.
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
false Statement (II) : Intrinsically motivated
students engage with a subject for the personal
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
satisfaction it brings.
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
In the right of the above statements, choose the
Ans.(a): When the middle term is an inference is both correct answer from the options given below :
positively and negatively related to the major term, it is
called anvayavyatireki inference. (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
• In it, there is a vyapti or universal relation between (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
them and the Sadhya in respect of both their (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
presence and absence. (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
• The knowledge of Vyapti in Anvaya-vyateriki is Ans.(a): Extrinsically motivated students are driven by
arrived at through the joint method of agreement in rewards and praise. It is true, Intrinsically motivated
presence of in absence. students engage with a subject for the personal
Thus statement - I and statement - II both are true. satisfaction it brings. It is also true.

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34. Match List I with List II Ans.(c):
List-I List-II (Research (Approaches/Beliefs)
(In a square of opposition (Resultant) Methodology)
(A) 'A' being given false (i) 'E' is false (a) Source (iii) -The process of
(B) 'E' being given false (ii) 'E' is true Criticism evaluating the
(C) 'I' being given false (iii) 'I' is undetermined qualities of origin of
(D) 'O' being given false (iv) 'I' is true information
Choose the correct answer from the options (b) Positivism (iv) Human interests are
given below: irrelevant
(A) (B) (C) (D) (c) Interpretivism (i) The observer is the
(a) i iii ii iv part of what is being
(b) iii iv ii i observed
(c) ii i iii iv (d) Post-Positivism (ii) Reality cannot be
(d) iv ii iii i known with certainty
Ans.(b):
(a) 'A' beings given False→ 'I' is undetermined 37. Given below are two statements based on the
following:
(b) 'E' beings given false → 'I' is true
A Car travels 25 km/hour faster than a bus for
(c) 'I' being given false → 'E' is true a journey of 500 km, and the bus takes 10
(d) 'O' being given false → 'E' is false hours more than the car.
35. Exceptional classroom communication will Statement (I) : Speed of the car is 45 km/hour.
result in Statement (II) : Speed of the bus is 20 km/hour
(a) Institutionalization of teaching In the light of the above statement, choose the
(b) Noticeable student achievement correct answer from the options given below:
(c) Change in focus areas of students (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
(d) Manufacturing of consent
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
Ans.(b): Exceptional classroom communication will (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
result in noticeable student achievement. A positive,
powerful relationship with students involves good (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
communication, trust, mentoring, and effective classroom Ans.(b): Let speed of car be 'x' km/hr
management. All these factors are key in order to create a Speed of bus = (x – 25) km/hr
strong learning atmosphere in the classroom. We know that,
36. Match List I with List-II Time = Distance/Speed
According to question,
List-I List-II
500 500
(Research (Approaches − = 10
Methodology) /Beliefs) x − 25 x
(A) Source criticism (i) The observer 500x – 500 (x – 25) = 10 (x – 25)x
is the part of 500 × 25 = 10 × (x – 25)x
what is being (x – 25) x = 50 × 25
observed ⇒ x = 50 km/hr and x – 25 = 25 km/hr
(B) Positivism (ii) Reality cannot Therefore speed of the bus = (50 – 25)
be known with = 25 km/hr
certainty
Thus statement I and statement II both are false.
(C) Interpretivism (iii) The process
of evaluating 38. Given below are two statements with regard to
the qualities websites :
of origin of Statement (I) : 'Twitter' allows users to send
information small posts known as 'tweets' upto 140
(d) Post-Positivism (iv) Human characters in length.
interests are Statement (II) : By default, blogs display posts
irrelevant in chronological order on the home page with
the earliest post at the top.
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below : In the light of the above statements, choose the
(A) (B) (C) (D) correct answer from the options given below :
(a) i ii iii iv (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
(b) ii i iv iii (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
(c) iii iv i ii (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
(d) iv iii ii i (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

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Ans.(b): Now Twitter's doubling of character count Ans.(c): NITI Aayog is an advisory body. In 2014,
from 140 to 280 had little impact on length of tweets. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the planning
By default, blogs display posts in reverse chronological commissions abolition and created NITI Aayog through
order on the home page with the latest post at the top. an executive resolution. It is neither a constitutional
Thus statement I and statement - II both are false. body nor a statutory body. It is an advisory body to
39. Given below are two statements : government of India.
Statement (I) : Education for environment is a 43. Given below are two statements : One is
process of inquiry and action on real labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled
environmental issues
as Reason (R).
Statement (II) : Children are educated about
environmental problems, equality and many Assertion (A): The understanding of
other issues, without development of skills and communication as a ritual is not a radical view.
attitudes to meet these challenges. Reason (R) : The hegemonic view of transmission
In the light of the above statements, choose the of communication is no longer valid :
correct answer from the options given below : In the light of the above statements, choose the
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true correct answer from the options given below :
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false correct explanation of (A)
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
Ans. (a) : "Environmental education" is actually the correct explanation of (A)
education given to the world community related to the (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
environment, so that they can become aware of the (d) (A) is false but (R) is true
problems and find their solution as well as prevent the
problems that may come in the future. Education for Ans.(d): The understanding of communication as a
environment is a process of enquiry and action on real ritual is not radical view. It is false statement because a
environmental problems, equality and many other ritual view of communication is directed not forward
issues, without development of skills and attitudes to the maintenance of society in time, not the act of
meet these challenges. imparting information but the representation of shared
Thus statement I and statement - II both are true. beliefs. The hegemonic view of transmission of
40. In 2018, the Original Framework Agreement communication is no longer valid.
on establishment of International Solar Thus assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Alliance was amended to extend to scope of its 44. Which of the following represent the
membership to Quantitative Research methodology?
(a) All member states of United Nations (A) One of One Interview
(b) The SAARC countries (B) Survey research
(c) Countries in the Middle-East
(C) Focus groups
(d) Countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa
(D) Correlation research
Ans.(a): In 2018, the original framework agreement on
establishment of International sector alliance was (E) Descriptive research
amended to extend the scope of its membership to all Choose the correct answer from the options
member states of United Nations. given below :
41. Which of the following formal fallacies is (a) (A), (D), (E) only (b) (B), (D), (E) only
committed in the given argument? (c) (B), (C), (D) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
All athletes are sportspersons. Ans.(b): Survey research, correlation research and
No actor in a athlete, descriptive research are the quantitative research methology.
Therefore no actors are sportspersons 45. Which of the following pramanas are accepted
(a) Fallacy of Illicit process of Major Term as valid by the Naiyayikas?
(b) Fallacy of Illicit process of Minor Term (A) Perception
(c) Fallacy of exclusive Premises (B) Inference
(d) Existential Fallacy
(C) Presumption
Ans.(a): Illicit major is a formal fallacy committed in a (D) Verbal Testimony
categorical syllogism that is invalid because its major
term is undistributed in the the major premise but (E) Comparison
distributed in the conclusion. Choose the correct answer from the options
42. NITI Aayog is a/an given below :
(a) Statutory body of GOI (a) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
(b) Autonomous body of GOI (b) (B), (C), (D) and (E) only
(c) Advisory body of GOI (c) (A), (B), (D) and (E) only
(d) Executive body of GOI (d) (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
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Ans.(c): Perception, Inference, Verbal Testionary and Ans.(a): Check the wastage of food we need to improve
comparison are accepted promanas and comparison are production and storage practices, transport and
accepted pramanas as valid by the naiyayikas. infrastructure, Cold Chain system and processing
Perception is the organization, identification, and techniques. The UNFAO has estimated that one-third of
interpretation of sensory information in order to represent all produced food may be getting wasted.
and understand the presented information or environment.
47. A major fall out of enormous amount of food
Read the following passage and answer wastage is
questions from 46 to 50
The wastage of food is substantial in every (a) More food production
country, but some studies have shown that it is (b) Uneven access to market
more serious in developing countries. The (c) Large number people going hungry
UNFAO had estimated that one-third of all (d) More investment in the farm sector of
produced food may be getting wasted. The developing countries
world produces twice the amount of food that is
needed, but large numbers of people are Ans.(c): The wastage of food is substantial in every
deprived of it due to wastage and other country, but some studies have shown that it is more
reasons. Food gets wasted at the farm, when it serious in developing countries. The UNFAO had
moves to the market and is processed, stored estimated that one-third of all produced food may be
and shifted to shops, and finally in the kitchen. selling wasted. The world produces twice the amount of
Many fruits and vegetables perish soon after food that is needed. But large numbers of people are
harvesting. There is a need to improve deprived of it due to wastage and other reasons.
production and storage practices, transport
and infrastructure, cold chain systems and 48. Food wastage also causes
processing techniques. Modern technologies (a) The rich-poor divide
and packaging methods are needed. But even (b) Increase in contagious diseases
in countries is to improve popular awareness of (c) Harvest issues
the need to ensure that food is not wasted in
(d) Environmental pollution
any form, at any stage. China has launched a
clean plate campaign against wastage. It is Ans.(d): The Un report says that reducing food waste
estimated that food worth at least Rs. 1 lakh would also cut greenhouse gas emissions and show the
crore is wasted in India, and this does not destruction of nature through land conversion and
include wastage of cooked food. A part of that pollution. It is clear that wastage of food in responsible
should be enough to feed the larger numbers of for environmental pollution.
hungry people in the country, which is ranked
94 out of 107 countries in the global hunger 49. The clean plate campaign indicates the need for
index. Food is wasted massively at weddings _______ to reduce food wastage.
and on other occasions. The Delhi Government (a) Strict punishment
had, in pre-Covid times, thought of restricting (b) Public awareness
the number of guests at weddings to reduce (c) New processing techniques
wastage of food. The UN report says that
reducing food waste would also cut greenhouse (d) Improved packaging methods
gas emissions and slow the destruction of Ans.(b): Check the wastage of food the most important
nature through land conversion and pollution. thing is to improve popular awareness. China has
Avoiding food wastage should therefore launched a 'clean plate campaign' against wastage food.
became a national mission. It will have very Clean plate campaign indicates the need for public
positive environmental, social and economic awareness.
impacts. In India, it is stated that the household
food wastage is 50 kg per capita per year, 50. Stoppage of food wastage is needed in the
which is less than in countries like the US and interest of
China. it is not because of efficient use of food, (a) Food production
because of overall availability of food. (b) National food mission
46. What are the measures suggested to reduce (c) Bring down the number of countries in Global
food wastage? Hunger Index
(A) Better storage and transport facilities
(d) Making food available to all
(B) Establishment of cold chain systems
(C) Closure of points of food wastage Ans.(d): It is estimated that food worth at least Rs. 1
(D) Restriction on weddings lakh crore is wasted in India and this does not include
Choose the correct answer from the options wastage of cooked food. A part of that should be
given below: enough to food the larger number of hungry people in
(a) (A) and (B) (b) (B) and (C) the country. It is clear that stoppage of food wastage in
(c) (C) and (D) (d) (A) and (D) needed in the interest of making food available to all.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 14 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: The following table shows the 3. The number of Colleges offering the Python
percentage (%) of colleges offering the four IT course is more than 460 in
courses on python, Java, Multimedia and Al in (a) All the four states (b) Only three states
four Indian States A-D, in a certain year. The (c) Only two states (d) Only one state
table also presents percentage –wise
distribution of the number of Colleges in the Ans.(a):
four states. The total number of Colleges in the State % of college No. of College
four states is 4000. Based on the data in the offering Python offering Phthon
table, answer A 86% 86 × 35 × 4000
the questions 1-5. = 1204
10000
State-wise Percentage of Colleges offering IT
Courses B 80% 80 ×15 × 4000
= 480
State % of Colleges of offering % 10000
Python Java Multi- Al Distribution C 74% 74 × 20 × 4000
of Number = 592
media 10000
of Colleges
A 86% 74% 59% 56% 35% D 68% 66 × 30 × 4000
= 816
B 80% 92% 82% 84% 15% 10000
C 74% 88% 84% 86% Therefore, all the four states of colleges offering the
20%
D 68% 64% 68% 70% Phython course is more than 460.
30%
1. If M and N represent the total number of 4. Number of Colleges offering Java in State B is -
College offering Python and Java, respectively, ----- % of the number of Colleges offering AI in
in all the four states, then M-N= State C.
(a) 64 (b) 96 (a) 78.15 (b) 80.23
(c) 48 (d) 32 (c) 82.25 (d) 84.52
Ans.(d): Ans.(b): Number of colleges offering Java in State
State % fo college of Number of Total no of 92 ×15 × 4000
offering courses collages offring college and % B=
python and Java distribution 10000
Pythan Java Pythan Java % Number = 552
% % (No of (No. of Number of colleges offering AI in state
(M) (N) college) college)
86 × 20 × 4000
A 86% 74% 1204 1036 35% 1400 C=
B 80% 92% 480 552 15% 600 10000
C 74% 88% 592 704 20% 800 = 688
D 68% 64% 816 768 30% 1200 552
Required percentage = ×100
Total 3092 (M) 3060 100% 4000 688
(N)
= 80.23%
M – N = 3092 – 3060 = 32
5.
The total number of Colleges offering AI in all
2. Ratio of the number of Colleges offering the four states is
Multimedia in State C to that of State D is (a) 2784 (b) 2816
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 11 : 13
(c) 2864 (d) 2952
(c) 14 : 17 (d) 13 : 16
Ans.(b):
Ans.(c):Number of colleges offering multimedia in state
C = 84% of 20% of 4000 State % of colleges % Number of
offering AI Distribution of college
84 × 20 × 4000 No. of colleges offering AI
C=
10000 A 56% 35% 56 × 35
C = 672 × 4000
Number of colleges offering multimedia in state D = 68% 10000
of 30% of 4000 = 784
68 × 30 × 4000 B 84% 15% 84 ×15
D= ⇒ D = 816 × 4000
10000 10000
Required Ratio = 672 : 816 = 14 : 17 = 504
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C 86% 20% 86 × 20 Choose the correct answer from the option
× 4000 given below:
10000
= 688 (a) A- II, B – III, C- IV, D- I
D 70% 30% 70 × 30 (b) A- IV, B- III, C- I, D- II
× 4000
10000 (c) A- III, B- IV, C- II, D- I
= 840 (d) A- II, B- IV, C- I, D- III
Total number of colleges offering AI in all the four states Ans. (b):
is
= 784 + 504 + 688 + 840 = 2816 List-I List-II
6. A 729 ml of a mixture contains milk and water Name of the subject Domain and subject
in the ratio of 7 : 2. How much more water is to matter
be added to get a new mixture containing milk (i) Kavya (iv) Imaginative and
and water in the ratio of 7 : 3? creative literature
(a) 81 ml (b) 90 ml
(ii) Aniviksiki (iii) Logic
(c) 85 ml (d) 75 ml
Ans.(a): According to the question, (iii) Vorta (i) Agriculture, trade,
commerce animal
 7
Milk =  729 ×  = 567 ml husbandry
 9 
(iv) Ntrukta (ii) Etymology
Water = (729 − 567) ml =162 ml
10. Which of the following can be categorized as
567 7
Now = non-verbal communication?
162 + x 3
A. Pleasant Voice
1701 = 134 + 7x
x = 567/7 B. Postures
x = 81 ml C. Gestures
7. Which of the following is outside the Teacher- D. Facial expressions
Centric Method? E. Vociferous greetings
(a) Demonstration (b) Team teaching Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) Inquiry approach (d) Lecture method given below:
Ans.(c): Inquiry approach is outside the teacher centric (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and E only
method. Teaching and learning based on the inquiry method (c) C, D and E only (d) B, C and D only
is an approach that helps students build their knowledge and Ans.(d): Non verbal communication is the transmission of
understanding through research and exploration activities messages or signals through a non-verbal platform such as
based on existing knowledge. The inquiry method requires eye contact, facial expressions, gentures, postures and
higher order thinking skills and critical thinking to make
conclusion. It is student centric approach. body language. It includes the use of social cues, kinesics,
distance and physical environments/apperance, of voice
8. Pyrolysis helps in addressing the Problem of and of touch.
(a) Air Pollution
(b) Water Pollution 11. The period of Sendai framework for disaster
(c) Municipal Solid Wastes risk reduction is:
(d) Electronic Wastes (a) 2015 - 2030 (b) 2020 - 2024
Ans.(c): Pyrolysis is the heating of a organic material, (c) 2015 - 2025 (d) 2020 - 2030
such as biomass in the absence of oxygen. Biomass Ans.(a): Sendai Framework for disaster reduction 2015-
pyrolysis is usually conducted at or above 500°C, 30. It was adopted at the third united nations world
providing enough heat to deconstruct the strong bio- conference on diaster risk reduction held from March 14
polymers metioned above. It helps in addressing the to 18, 2015 in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. The present
problem of municipal solid waste. It is a necessary framework applies to the risk of small scale and large
process for the disintegration of most solid materials.
scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset
9. Match List I with List II disasters caused by natural or man made hazards, as
List I List II well as related and risks. It aims to guide the multi
Name of the Domain and Subject Matter hazard management of disaster risk in development at
Subject all levels as well as within and across all sectors.
A. Kavya I. Agriculture, trade, 12. Where is Chanakya said to have composed his
commerce, animal Arthasastra?
husbandry
(a) Sarnatha (b) Takshashila
B. Aniviksiki II. Etymology
(c) Nalanda (d) Vikramshila
C. Varta III. Logic
Ans.(b): Takshashila is Chanakya said to have
D. Ntrukta IV. Imaginative and creative composed his Arthashastra.
literature.
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13. Given below are two statements 15. Media messages consist of various layers of
Statement I : Concentration of Volatile (a) Rationalisation
Organic Chemicals is generally 100-1000 times
higher in surface water then underground (b) Complex resistance
water. (c) Polymorphic meaning
Statements II: The most common method of (d) Restrictive rituals
treatment of Volatile Organic Chemicals is to
aerate them to atmosphere. Ans.(c): Media messages consist of various layers of
polymorphic meaning.
In light of the above statements, choose the
answer from the option given below: 16. In an examination 42% students failed in
(a) Both Statements I and Statement II are true. Mathematics and 52% failed in Science. If 17%
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false. failed in both the subjects, find the Percentage
of those who passed in both the subjects.
(c) Statement I is true but Statements II is false.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true. (a) 23 % (b) 25 %
(c) 27% (d) 30%
Ans.(d): Concentration of volatile organic chemical is
generally 100-1000 times higher in surface water then Ans.(a): The percentage of students who failed in
underground water this statement is wrong. VOC are Mathematics = 42%
organic chemicals that have a higher vapour pressure at
room temperature. The percentage of students who failed in science = 52%
High vapour pressure correlates with a low boiling The percentage of students who failed in both subject =
point. VCCs are EPA regulated contaminants present in 17%
the air you breathe and in water. n(M) = 42
The most common method of treatment of VOC is to n(S) = 52
aerate them to atmosphere.
VOCs originate from a host of common household n(B) = 17 = n (M ∩ S)
products from bug sprays 10 point thinners. n(M ∪ S) = n (M) + n(S) – n(B)
Therefore statement II is correct. = 42 + 52 – 17
14. The major terms of reference for the National = 94 – 17
Knowledge Commission were
n(M ∪ S) = 77
A. Challenge developed countries in
Knowledge creation The percentage of students who passed both subject
B. Westernise the Indian educational system = (100 – 77) = 23%
C. Promote creation of Knowledge in science 17. Which of following is true regarding Classical
and technology laboratories Indian School of Logic:
D. Promote Knowledge applications in A. It is deductive
agriculture and industry
B. It is inductive
E. Build excellence in education system to
meet the challenges of the twenty-first C. It is formal
century D. It is material
Choose the correct answer from the options
E. It always leads from universal to particular
given below:
only
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only
given below:
Ans.(c): NKC’s mandate are five key areas related to
(a) A, B, C and D only
access, concepts, creation, application and services.
A. Promote creation of knowledge in science and (b) B and C only
technology laboratories. (c) A and D only
B. Promote knowledge appliations in agriculture and (d) A, B, C, D and E
industry.
Ans.(a): True statements, regarding classical Indian
E. Build excellence in education system to meet the
social of logic are.
challenges of the twenty-first century.
D. Updated universities, collegs and laboratories. A. It is deductive and inductive
E. Establishment of 150 university. B. It is formal and material

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18. Which of the following is true regarding C. Distinguish between different Strata of
Inductive argument? People.
(a) If all the premises are true, the conclusion D. Not to affect individual Privacy.
must be true. E. Use individual Privacy for Private Profit.
(b) It claims to support its conclusion only with Choose the correct answer from the options
some degree of probability given below:
(c) It claims to Support its conclusion (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
conclusively
(c) A, C and E only (d) A and D only
(d) Conclusion is completely contained already in
the premises Ans.(d): The major ethical aspects of survey based
research are:
Ans.(b): True statement is regarding inductive argument.
(i) Protection of participants from any kind of harm.
(i) It claims to support its conclusion only with some
degree of probability. (ii) Use individual privacy for private profit.
(ii) It the argur believes that the truth of the premises (iii) Not affect individual privacy but observe all aspect
provides only good reason to believe the of personality.
conclusion is probably true. (iv) Do not distinguish between different strate of
(iii) An Inductive argument is an assertion that uses people.
specific premises or observations to make a 22. The acronym 'SANKALP', introduced by the
broader generalization. Ministry of skill Development and
Entrepreneurship, stands for:-
(a) Skill Awareness and Knowledge Assessment
of Livelihood Promotion
19. Which of the following Developmental areas of (b) Skill Addition and Knowledge Assessment of
individual differences will be effected, if a Livelihood promotion
Child opts for frequent out bursts and throws
(c) Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness
tantrums?
of Livelihood Promotion
(a) Social (b) Mental
(d) Skill Attainment and knowledge Awareness
(c) Emotional (d) Physical of Livelihood Promotion
Ans.(c): Emotional Development areas of individual
Ans.(c): The acronym ‘SANKALP’, introduced by the
difference will be effected by a child opts for frequent
Ministry of skill Development and Entrepreneurship,
out bursts and throws tantrums. stands for skill acquisition and knowledge awareness of
20. Which among the following are the MOOCs, livelihood promotion. It is a support program for skill
Platforms? training schemes that focuses on quality improvement
institution strengthening and the inclusion of under
A. Google Meet served group in skill training.
B. Coursera
23. Which of the following statements are logically
C. Zoom equivalent?
D. Future Learn A. No P is S
E. Turnitin B. Some S are non-P
Choose the correct answer from the option C. Some non-P are not non-S
given below:
D. Some S are not P
(a) A, D and E only (b) B, D and E only
Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) B and D only (d) C and D only given below:
Ans.(c): The MOOCs platforms are courses, future (a) A and C only (b) C and D only
learn, edx, educity. (c) B, C and D only (d) A, B, C and D
21. The major ethical aspects of survey based Ans.(c): Logically equivalent statements are:
research are:
(i) Some S are non P
A. Protection of Participants from any kind of
herm. (ii) Some non P are not non S
B. Publicise the engagement of participants (iii) Some S are not P
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24. Mohit has sent an email to Bobby, Danny and Ans.(b): The certain elements of congenial classroom
Ashok as shown below: atmosphere.
From : [email protected] (i) Creating a conductive atmosophere.
To : [email protected] (ii) Supportive team work
Cc : [email protected] (iii) Immersive listening
Bcc : [email protected] 27. Given below are two statements
Subject Important update Statement I : Acute exposure to a chemical is a
long term continuous exposure by that
Dear chemical
Colleague, Statement II : Chronic exposure to a chemical
Please note that tomorrow's meeting has is a short term exposure to that chemical
been cancelled. In light of the above statements, choose the
Regards most appropriate answer from the options
given below
Mohit
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Which of the following statements is Correct? (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(a) Bobby and Danny are aware that Ashok incorrect
received that email (c) Statement is correct but Statement II is
(b) Danny is aware that Ashok and Boddy incorrect
received the email (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
(c) Ashok is aware that Boddy and Danny correct
received the email
Ans.(b): Acute exposure is a short contact with a
(d) All recipients are aware that the other chemical. It my last a few seconds or a few hours. For
received the email. example it might take a few minutes to clean windows
Ans.(c): In the above question Ashok is aware that with ammonia, use nail polish remover or spray a can of
bobby and danny received the email. paint. The fumes someone might in hale during these
activities are example of acute exposures. Chronic
25. Community Colleges are supposed to offer exposure is a continuous or repeated contact with a
courses that are a mix of toxic substance over long period of time. If a chemical
(a) Fine Arts and Life Skills in used every day on the job, the exposure would be
chronic exposures can also occur at home. Therefore
(b) School and College Education
both statement I and II are incorrect.
(c) Technical and Traditional Skills
28. Which of the following are advantages of
(d) Knowledge, Technical and Soft Skills content analysis? It is a :
Ans.(d): Community colleges are supposed to offer A. Transparent research method
courses that are a mix of knowledge, technical and soft
B. Non-reactive method
skills.
C. Flexible method
A community college is an institution under India’s
higher education system that aims at providing job- D. Method that does not need a coding manual
orinented education to students from local communities. E. Method that is free of any kind of
26. Which of the following are elements of framework.
congenial classroom atmosphere? Choose the correct answer from the options
A. Creating a conducive atmosphere given below:
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
B. Engaging in individual efforts
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, D and E only
C. Supportive team work
D. Negotiable movement inside the classroom Ans.(a): Content analysis is a research tool used to
determine presence of certain worlds, themes or concept
E. Immersive listening within some given qualitative data. Using content
Choose the correct answer from the option analysis researchers can quantity and analyze the
given below: presence meanings and relationship of such certain
(a) A, B and E only (b) A, C and E only words themes or concepts. It is a transport research
method, non-reactive method and flexible method.
(c) B, C and D only (d) C, D and E only
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29. Which of the following are web search engines? Ans.(a): Communication is fundamental to the existence
A. DuckDuckGo and survial of human as well as to an organization.
Communication is leaded with power value. Those who do
B. Google not have the power communication always seek to posses
C. Yahoo search it.
D. Bing
E. Pinterest
Choose the correct answer from the option
given below:
(a) B, C and D only (b) A, B, C and D only
So both statement I and statement II are correct.
(c) B and E only (d) A, C, D and E only
32. Given below are two statements
Ans.(b): Web search engines are. Statement I: Positivism Says that Sciences need
(i) Google, (ii) Duck Duck go (iii) Elephant, (iv) Lion not be free from Speculative and metaphysical
web, (v) Bing, (vi) Yahoo search, (vii) Opera mini (viii) approaches
Mozarlia. Statement II: Positivism is Suitable for natural
Sciences
30. The price of a jewel, passing three hands, rises
on the whole by 65%. If the first and second In light of the above statements, choose most
appropriate answer from the option given below
sellers earned 20% and 25 % profit
respectively, find percentage profit earned by (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
the third seller. (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
incorrect
(a) 10% (b) 15%
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
(c) 16% (d) 12% incorrect
Ans.(a): Let the original price of jewel of P (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct
the profit earned by thired seller is (x)
Ans.(d): Positivism is the concept for the scientific
According to the question study of the social world. Its goals is to formulate
(100 + x)% of 125% of 120% of P = 165% of P abstract and universal laws on the operative dynamics
of the social universe. The most important contribution
(100 + x) 125 120 165 of positivism is that it helps people turn to the study of
× × ×P = ×P
100 100 100 100 hard facts and data from past and experiment to get
knowledge rather than only from the teaching the
165×100×100 church. It is also suitable from the teaching the church.
100 + x = = 110 It is also suitable for natural science.
125×120
Therefore statement II only correct.
x = 10
33. MIDI is associated with the storage of music
Hence the profit earned by third seller is 10%. files. MIDI is an acronym for _______.
31. Given below are two statements (a) Musical Interactive Digital Interface
Statement I : Most of the time, communication (b) Musical Instruction Device Interpreter
loaded with power value. (c) Mask Iterative Display Instance
Statement II: Those who do not have the power (d) Musical Instrument Digital Interface
of communication always seek to possess it. Ans.(d): MIDI is associated with the storage of music
files. MIDI is an.acronym for musical instrument digital
In light of the above statements, choose the interface. This protocol designed for recording and
most appropriate answer from the options playing back music on digital synthesizers that is
given below supported by many makes of personal computer sound
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct cards.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are 34. One of the aims of qualitative date analysis is to
incorrect (a) Expand the Selected text or material
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is (b) Analyse the researcher's credentials
incorrect (c) Describe a phenomenon
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct (d) Focus on binary dissection

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Ans.(c): Qualitative data anlaysis is to describe a Choose the correct answer from the option
phenomenon. It is based on describing and interpreting given below:
statistically and with numbers. It aims to interference (a) A- I, B- II, C- III, D-IV
the data collected for phenomenon through numeric
variables and statistics. It includes computation and (b) A- II, B- IV, C- I, D-III
statistical method of anlysis. (c) A- III, B- IV, C- I, D-II
35. Given below are two statements (d) A- II, B- I, C- IV, D-III
Statement I: ROM is temporary memory that can
be written to tor read from and the contents of the Ans.(b):
memory can be changed.
List-I List-II
Statement II: RAM is permanent memory that
can only be read from and contents of memory (a) The number of bits that (ii) 8
cannot be changed. make up a byte
In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options given (b) Base-10 (denary) value (iv) 15
below of the binary number;
00111
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are (c) Number of minutes to (i) 5
incorrect upload a 75 MB file at 2
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is MB per second upload
incorrect speed
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is (d) If there are 2P bytes in (iii) 10
correct a KB than what is the
Ans.(b): ROM is non-volatile memory that can be value of P?
writen to or read from and the contants of the memory
can’t be changed. There are types of ROM. 37. One day a man left his home for a morning
MROM – Masked Read Only Memory walk and went 12 km southwards. He then
turned right and walked 8 km. Again turned
PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
right and walked 12 km, turned left and
EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory walked 10 km. How many kilometers the man
EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read has to walk to reach straight to his home?
Only Memory
(a) 22 km (b) 18 km
RAM is volatile memory that can be temporarily stores
the files you are working. It’s one of the most (c) 20 km (d) 24 km
fundamental elements of computing. Few types of RAM Ans.(b): According to question,
are:

Total distance = (10 + 8) km = 18 cm.

38. "Considering the Speech given by the School
36. Match List I with List II Principal today, I would conclude that he is not
a good public Speaker," Identify the informal
List I List II
fallacy committed in the above argument.
(Statement) (Value) (a) Slippery Slope (b) Ad hominem
A. The number of bits that make I. 5 (c) Appeal to force (d) Hasty Generalisation
up a byte
Ans.(d): The hasty generalization fallacy is sometimes
B. Base- 10 (denary) value of the II. 8 called the over generalization fallacy. It is a basically
binary number: 001111 making a claim based on evidence that it just to small.
C. Number of minutes to upload a III. 10 In the above argument considering hasty generalization
75 megabyte file at 2 Megabits fallacy.
per second upload speed
39. Given below are two statements
D. If there are 2P bytes in a IV. 15 Statement I: To address problem of climate
kilobyte then what is the value of
P? change it is essential of the world to have 'Net
Zero' carbon emissions by the year 2050.
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Statement II : There is zero carbon emission Choose the correct answer from the option
associated with the production of gray-hydrogen. given below:
In light of the above statements, chose the (a) A- II, B- IV, C- I, D-III
correct answer from the options given below: (b) A- II, B- I, C- III, D-IV
(a) Both statement I and Statement II are true. (c) A- II, B- III, C- IV, D-I
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false. (d) A- III , B- I, C- IV, D-II
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
Ans.(a):
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Ans.( c): According to the report by getting India to net Types of Learning Meaning
zero, India needs a massive USD 10.1 trillion A. Factual learning (ii) This learning is used
investment from now on if India is to achieve its net to develop personality and
zero emissions target by 2070 at the COP 26 summit think coherently
more than 70 countries have promised to become net
zero carbon emission by the middle of the century i.e. B. Association learning (iv) This learning is used
by 2050 so Statement I is correct. to connect with
It is reffered to as carbon neutrality which does not information more deeply
mean that a country would bring down it emission to and accurately
zero rather it is a state in which a country’s emissions C. Conceptual learning (iii) This learning is used
are compensated by the absorption and removal of to organize sequence of
greenhouse gases from the atmosphere absorption of the activities to achieve a
emission can be increased by creating more carbon goal.
sinks such as forests.
Zero carbon emission is not associated with production D. Procedural learning (i) This learning is used to
of gray hydrogen. Hence statement II is not true organize information in
Therefore statement I is correct. logical structure.

40. Virtual ethnography is located in a/an 42. Which aspect indicates to be the most relevant
in decision making process according to
(a) Natural environment
Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
(b) Technical environment
(a) The age of the Child
(c) Political environment
(b) Knowledge of Law
(d) Economic environment
(c) Influence of friends and Siblings
Ans.(b): Virtual ethnography is located in a/an (d) How the child arrives at Conclusion
technical environment.
Ans.(d): How the child arrives at conclusion indicates
41. Match List-I with List-II to be the most relevant in decision making process
List-I List-II according to Kohlborg’s theory of moral development.
6 stages of moral development.
Types of Meaning
(i) Obedience And Punishment
Learning
(ii) Self Interest
A. Factual I. This Learning is used to
(iii) Intrepersonal Accord And Conformity (iv) Authority
Learning organize information in
And Maintaining Social Order (v) Social Contract (vi)
logical structure
Universal Ethical Principles
B. Association II. This Learning is used to Three level of Moral Development
Learning develop personality and think (i) Pre Conventional Level
coherently
(ii) Convential Level
C. Conceptual III. This Learning is used to (iii) Post conventional level
Learning organize sequence of
activities to achieve a goal 43. Find the next term in the series given below.
124, 148, 196, 268, 364, ?
D. Procedural IV. This Learning is used to
Learning connect with information (a) 484 (b) 584
more deeply and accurately (c) 464 (d) 268

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Ans.(a): The given series is as follows. 46. Gandhiji could put his precept into practice
during
(a) The Lucknow meeting
Therefore option (a) is correct. (b) The talks with landlords

44. A source of Communicative inefficiency is (c) The Champran campaign

(a) Desire for Personal g ratification (d) The interaction with nationalist leaders
(b) Implications of familiar relations Ans.(c): Gandhiji could put his precept into practice
(c) Peer Pressure during the Champaran campaign.
(d) Limited Knowledge 47. Which issue propelled Gandhiji to the national
stage for a wider movement?
Ans.(d): A source of communication inefficiency is
limited knowledge. (a) Labour dispute of textile mill workers in
Ahmedabad
45. When inference is based not on causation but
on uniformity of co-existence, what is it called (b) Agitation peasant in Kheda
as per Classical Indian School of Logic? (c) The revolt against British Indigo planters
(a) Kevalanvayi (b) Samanyatodrsta (d) The Rowlatt Act
(c) Purvavat (d) Sesavat Ans.(d): The Rowlatt act issue propelled Gandhiji to
Ans.(b): When inference is based not on causation but on the national stage for a wider movement.
uniformity of co-existence, it is called Samanyatodrsta.
48. Gandhiji's speech expressed the intention of
Read the following passage and answer (a) Making Indian nationalism more
questions 46 to 50:
representative
Gandhi's speech in Banaras in February 1916 was,
(b) Announcing the desire of expatriates to
at one level, merely a statement of fact namely,
that Indian nationalism was an elite phenomenon, become politically active
a creation of lawyers and doctors and landlords. (c) Criticising the activities of Indian nationalists
But, at another level, it was a statement of intent- (d) Launching a new nationalist movement
the first public announcement of the returning
expatriate's own desire to make Indian nationalism Ans.(a): Gandhiji’s speech expressed the intention of
more properly representative of the Indian people. making Indian nationalism more representative.
In the last month of that year, Gandhi was 49. Which was the Statement of fact in the Speech
presented with an opportunity to put his precepts of Mahatma Gandhi at Banaras?
into practice. At a meeting held in Lucknow in
December 1916, he was approached by a peasant (a) Lawyers, doctors and landlords sided with the
from Champaran in Bihar. The peasant told him British.
about the harsh treatment of peasants by British (b) The Indian nationalism was elitist
indigo planters, Gandhi was to spend most of (c) Nationalism was of another level in India
1917 in Champaran. He was seeking to obtain for
the peasants security of tenure as well as the (d) The existing Indian nationalism was highly
freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice. In effective
1918, Gandhi was involved in two campaigns in Ans.(b): The Indian nationalism was elitist the statement
his home state of Gujarat. First, he intervened in a of fact in the speech of Mahatma Gandhi at Banaras.
labor dispute in Ahmedabad to better the
conditions of textile mill workers. Then he joined 50. The main intent of the passage is to describe
peasants in Kheda for remission of taxes on (a) The British atrocities in India.
peasants following the failure of their harvest.
(b) The different facets of Indian national
There initiatives marked Gandhi as a nationalist
with sympathy for the poor. There were local movement
struggles. During the World War I, the British had (c) The various campaigns against the British in
instituted press censorship and permitted detention India
without trial. The Rowlatt committee (d) The emergence of Gandhiji as representative
recommended the continuation of these tough national leader
measure. Gandhiji's call for a countrywide
campaign brought life to standstill in north and Ans.(d): The main intent of the passage is to describe the
west India. emergence of Gandhiji as a representative national leader.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 13 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table shows the percentage (%) 3. What was the difference in the production of
distribution of five different types of Cars (A-E) number of Type-C cars between 2019 and
produced by a Company during two consecutive 2020?
years 2019 and 2020. The total number of Cars (a) 5000 (b) 7500
produced was 4,50,000 in the year 2019 and 5,20,000 (c) 8500 (d) 2500
in the year 2020. Based on the data in the table, Ans. (a) : The number of Type-C cars produced in 2019
answer the questions 1-5: 30
Year-wise Percentage Distribution of Production of = 450000 ×
100
Cars = 135000
Year Type of Car Produced (in%) The number of Type-C cars produced in 2020
A B C D E 25
= 520000×
2019 15% 25% 30% 10% 20% 100
2020 10% 30% 25% 25% 10% = 130000
so required difference = 135000 –130000
1. If the percentage production of Type-B cars in
= 5000
2020 was the same as that of 2019, then what
would have been the number of Type-B cars Hence option (a) is correct.
produced in 2020? 4. If the number of Type-A cars manufactured in
(a) 112500 (b) 120000 2020 was the same as that of 2019, then what
would have been its approximate percentage
(c) 130000 (d) 135000 share in the total production of 2020?
Ans.(c): According to the question, (a) 11% (b) 13%
The percentage production of Type-B cars in 2020 was (c) 15% (d) 9%
the same as that of 2019, Ans. (b) : The number of Type-A cars manufactured in
Then the number of Type-B cars produced in 2020 15
25 2020 = 450000×
= 5,20,000 × 100
100 = 67500
= 130000 Ans. 67500
Hence required percentage = × 100
2. What is the ratio of number of Type-C cars 520000
produced in 2019 to the number of Type-D cars = 12.98%
produced in 2020? = 13% (approx)
(a) 29 : 27 (b) 23 : 22
5. If 85% of Type-E cars produced during 2019
(c) 27 : 26 (d) 27 : 23 and 2020 together are sold by the Company,
Ans. (c) :The number of Type-C cars produced in 2019 then how many Type-E cars are left unsold by
30 the company?
= 450000 ×
100 (a) 21825 (b) 29100
= 135000 (c) 25200 (d) 21300
The number of Type-D cars produced in 2020 Ans. (d) : The total number of Type-E cars produced
25 during 2019 and 2020.
= 5,20000 ×
100 20 10
= 450,000 × + 520000 ×
= 130000 100 100
Therefore, the required ratio, = 90,000+ 52000 = 1,42000
135000 ∴ Total sold cars by the company
=
130000 85
= 142000× = 120700
27 100
= or 27 : 26 Ans.
26 Therefore, total number of cars left, unsold by the
Hence option (c) is correct. Company = 142000–120700 = 21300
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6. Match List I with List II Ans.(d): Let the speed of current = '×' meter/minute
List I List II According to the question,
Research forms Description Downstream speed = [48+x] m/min
(A) Qualitative (I) File drawer Upstream speed = [48-x] m/min
Research problem
(B) Quantitative (II) Convergence of 200 200
so, − = 10
Research findings based ( 48 − x ) ( 48 + x )
multiple ⇒ x = 32
methods
(C) Triangulation (III) Statistical Hence, speed of current is 32 m/min.
analysis 9. IIT Bombay X is a non-profit MOOC platform
(D) Metaanalysis (IV) Interpretive developed by IIT Bombay using the open
Choose the correct answer from the options source platform ______.
given below: (a) Joomla (b) Sakai
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) (c) Drupal (d) Open edX
(b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I) Ans.(d): IIT Bombay X is a non-profit MOOC
(c) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
(Massive Open Online Courses) platform developed by
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
Ans. (b) : IIT Bombay using the open source platform Open edX.
List I List II It hosts online University-level courses in a wide range
Research forms Description of discipline to a world wide student body, including
(A) Qualitative Research – Interpretive some courses at no charge.
(B) Quantitative Research – Statistical analysis It also conducts research into learning based on how
(C) Triangulation – Convergence of people use its platform.
findings based Joomla– Its a free and open-source content management
multiple methods system for publishing web content on websites.
(D) Metaanalysis – File drawer problem
Sakai– It is an educational software platform designed
7. Given below are two statements: One is
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is to support teaching, research and collaboration.
labelled as Reason (R). Drupal – It is a free and open source software package
Assertion (A): Energy produced from biomass that enables users to organize and upload content to a
is considered 'carbon neutral'. database or server.
Reason (R) : Biomass does not add CO2 to the 10. In a test consisting of 150 questions carrying 1
atmosphere. mark each, Rishab answered 80% of the first
In the light of the above statements, choose the
75 questions correctly. What percent of the
most appropriate answer from the options
given below: other 75 questions does he need to answer
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correctly to score 60% overall?
correct explanation of (A) (a) 20 (b) 40
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the (c) 50 (d) 60
correct explanation of (A) Ans.(b): Let x% of the remaining 75 questions be
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct answered correctly to get 60% marks.
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct Then,
Ans.(c): Biomass is a renewable source of energy 80% ×75 + x% ×75 = 60% ×150
derived from animal and plant waste. Biomass can be
converted into electrical energy. Energy generated from 15
160+ x = 90
biomass is considered carbon neutral, as fuels release 20
the same amount of carbon as is absorbed by plants 30 × 20
during their life cycle. Biomass increase the amount of x=
15
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which helps in
increasing the temperature of the earth. x = 40%
Hence Assertion (A) is correct but the reason (R) is Hence option (b) is correct.
wrong and the reason is not the correct explanation of
the Assertion. 11. Match List-I with List-II
8. A man who can swim 48 meter/minute in still List-I List-II
water swims 200 meter against the current and (File extension) (File type)
200 meter with the current. If the difference (A) mp3 (I) image
between these two times is 10 minutes, then (B) xls (II) music
what is the speed of the current?
(a) 30 meter/minute (b) 31 meter/minute (C) jpeg (III) database
(c) 29 meter/minute (d) 32 meter/minute (D) mdb (IV) spreadsheet

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Choose the correct answer from the options First language –It will be the mother tongue.
given below: Second language – In Hindi speaking states it will be
(a) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) other modern Indian language or English.
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) In non-Hindi speaking states, it will be Hindi or
(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) English.
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) Third language – In Hindi or non-Hindi speaking
Ans. (b): states, it will be English or a modern Indian language.
List-I List-II In the NEP 2020, it was decided to boost the three
(File extension) (File type) language formula, to promote multilingualism and
(A) mp3 – music National unity.
(B) xls – spreadsheet 14. Identify the correct sequence of average noise
(C) jpeg – image levels in increasing order of their magnitude
(D) mdb – database from different sources.
12. Given below are two statemens: (A) City street corner
Statement I: Classical smog is formed when (B) Conversational speech
oxides of nitrogen combine with particulate (C) Highway
matter especially in summer season. (D) Aircraft noise during take off
Statement II: Classical smog reduces (E) Typical office
atmospheric visibility to a great extent. Choose of correct answer from the options
In the light of the above statements, choose the given below:
correct answer from the options given below:
(a) (E), (A), (B), (C), (D)
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (b) (E), (B), (A), (C), (D)
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (c) (B), (E), (A), (C), (D)
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (d) (B), (E), (A), (D), (C)
Ans.(d): Classical smog has smoke, fog and sulphur Ans.(b): The sequence of average noise levels in
dioxide components and is found in humid conditions. increasing order of their magnitude from different
They are present where there is a high concentration of sources.
particulate matter and sulphur dioxide is produced (E) Typical office
because of combustion of fuels. Classical smog pollutes (B) Conversational speech
air and has adverse effects on human health. It can
(A) City street corner
inflate the respiratory pathway decreasing lung
capacity, causes shortness of breath, cough etc. It (C) Highway
reduces the atmospheric visibility to a great extent. (D) Aircraft noise during take off.
Hence statement I is false but statement II is true. 15. Which of the following are true with regard to
13. Which among the following was proposed by mass communication?
Kothari commission vis-a-vis language? (A) Messages are prepared by non-professionals
(a) Use of mother tongue as a medium of (B) Messages are prepared by professionals
instruction (C) Messages are rapidly disseminated
(b) Use of Hindi as a medium of instruction
(D) Messages are supposed to understood
(c) Two-language formula
(E) Media audiences are homogenous
(d) Three language formula
Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans.(d): Kothari Commission was the Sixth Commission
given below:
in India, post-Independence, but it was the first
commission mandated to comprehensively deals with (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (C), (D), (E) only
India's education sector. (c) (B), (C), (D) only (d) (A), (D), (E) only
The policy recommended by the Kothari commission Ans.(c): Mass communication is the process of importing
related to language is the Three-Language Formula. and exchanging information through mass media to large
segments of the population. It is usually understood for
relating to various forms of media as its technologies are
used for the dissemination of information, of which
Journalism and advertising are part.
From the given options regarding to mass communication.
The three language formula stated in the 1968 Policy is (B) Messages are prepared by professionals.
the formula enunciated in the 1968 National Policy (C) Messages are rapidly disseminated
Resolution.
(D) Message are supposed to understood.
Three-Language Formula
are true options.
(Kothari Commission 1968)

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16. Match List-I with List-II 18. Given below are two statements:
List-I List-II Statement (I) : One-fourth of sixty percent of a
In a square of Resultant number is equal to two-fifth of twenty percent
opposition of another number. Then the respective ratio of
the first number to the second number is 8 : 15
(A) 'A' being given (I) 'O' is Statement (II) : A student is studying for a test
as true undetermined from 11:00 am to 8:00 pm on weekdays and
(B) 'E' being given (II) 'I' is one-third of that time on Saturday. On Sunday,
as true undetermined he takes a break and goes for a movie. The
(C) 'I' being given (III) 'I' is true fractional part of the entire week that the
as true student is studying is 3/7.
(D) 'O' being given (IV) 'I' is false In the light of the above statements, choose the
as true correct answer from the options given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
given below: (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III) (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
(b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II) (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
(c) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) Ans.(c): According to the statement
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) Let the number be x and y.
Ans.(d): Using the following table we can easily Given- One fourth of sixty percent of a number is equal
conclude whether A, E, I and O are True (T) or False to two-fifth of twenty percent of another number.
(F) Then,
x 60 2y 20
A E I O × = ×
4 100 5 100
T F T F 60x 40y
F T F T ∴ =
400 500
D F T D x 8
=
F D D T y 15
Here T → True Therefore first statement is true.
F → False Now according to statement II,
D→ Undetermined The student studying in a week,
List-I List-II 5×9+3 = 48
Total number of hours in a week
In a square of Resultant
= 24×7 = 168
opposition
(A) 'A' being given as true – 'I' is true 48 hours 2
Therefore =
(B) 'E' being given as true – 'I' is false 168 hours 7
Thus, statement II is false.
(C) 'I' being given as true – 'O' is
undetermined so option (c) is correct.
(D) 'O' being given as true – 'I' is undetermined 19. Identify the correct arrangement of the
following different types of computer networks
17. Which among the following is a valid criticism in the descending order of their geographic
of experimental methods in social sciences?
area coverage.
(a) Impossible to conduct in social situation
(A) MAN
(b) Artificiality of laboratory condition
(B) WAN
(c) Unavailability good experiments in social
sciences (C) LAN
(d) Social research problems cannot be studied Choose the correct answer from the options
experimentally given below:
(a) (A), (B), (C) (b) (B), (C), (A)
Ans.(b): The experimental method involves manipulating
one variable to determine if this cause changes in another (c) (B), (A), (C) (d) (C), (A), (B)
variable. This method relies on controlled research Ans.(c): The different types of computer networks in
methods and random assignment of study subjects to test a the descending order of their geographic area coverage
hypothesis. are as follows-
Artificiality of laboratory condition is a criticism of (B) WAN
experimental method in social science. (A) MAN
Experimental research is applicable in social research (C) LAN
when determining a causal relationships among Wide Area Network (WAN) is the largest network which
variables. is spread in the world. With its help, all the countries of the
Hence (b) is correct option. world are able to connect with each other.
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers a larger area Ans.(a):
than a Local Area Network (LAN) and a smaller area List-I List-II
than a Wide Area Network (WAN). Medium User vehicle
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network
(A) Newspaper – Rubber plate
that covers smaller area of group of buildings like
home, office or school or airports. (B) Radio – Electro magnetic waves
20. Given below are two statements in respect of (C) Television – Satellite dishes
Computers: (D) Film – URSA mini pro
Statement (I) : A DVD-ROM is an optical 23. The simple interest on a sum of money is 1/9 of
storage media and it can be written many times. the principal and the number of years is equal
Statement (II) : Software is loaded into to the rate percent per annum. The rate
secondary storage from RAM and is then percent per annum is:
executed by CPU. (a) 3% (b) 0.33%
In the light of the above statements, choose the (c) 3.33% (d) 2.33%
correct answer from the options given below:
1
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true Ans.(c): Simple Interest (I) = × Principal Amount
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false 9
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false Number of years (T) = Rate percent
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true Per annum (R)
Ans.(b): DVD-ROM is an optical storage media. It can P×R ×T
Simple Interest (I) =
only be written once and cannot be written. DVD-ROM 100
is a format used to store large many times software 1 P×R ×R
applications. The software is loaded into the secondary P=
9 100
storage RAM and is executed by the motherboard.
100
RAM acts as the short-term or temporary memory of R×R =
the computer. CPU is a central processing unit. It is the 9
electronic circuitry inside a computer that execute the 10 10
information that make up the computer program. Hence R×R = ×
3 3
both statement-I and statement- II are false. 10
21. As envisaged in National Education Policy ∴ R= %
3
(2020), all Higher Educational Institutions will
aim to have a student strength of ____ by 2040. R = 3.33%
(a) ≥ 5000 (b) ≥ 4000 Hence option (c) is correct.
(c) ≥ 3000 (d) ≥ 2500 24. A software is termed as an open source
software if
Ans. (c) : The New Education Policy 2020 is based on
the report of the committee headed by Kasturirangan. (a) the developer company is open 24 × 7
By 2040, All higher education Institution (HEIS) shall (b) its source code is available to share, study and
aim to become multidisciplinary institution, each of modify
which will aim to have 3000 or more students. (c) it can be downloaded from the Internet
Also the aim will be to increase the Gross Enrollment (d) it is available free of cost
Ratio in higher education including vocational Ans.(b): Open-Source Software is a software with a
education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. source code which the user can modify because of its
Hence option (c) is correct option. public access. Its source code is available for sharing,
22. Match List-I with List-II study and modification.
List-I List-II Source code is the part of software that a computer
Medium User vehicle programmer can modify to add features or fix those parts.
(A) Newspaper (I) URSA mini pro 25. Match List-I with List-II
(B) Radio (II) Satellite dishes List-I List-II
(C) Television (III) Electro Child Feature
magnetic waves Development
(D) Film (IV) Rubber plate (A) Cliques (I) Less intimate,
Choose the correct answer from the options more loosely
given below: organized groups
(a) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I) (B) Crowds (II) General sense of
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) oneself along with
(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III) all their beliefs,
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) emotions and
attitudes
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(C) Identity (III) Exploration with a 27. What is the correct order of Global Warming
delay in Potential (GWP) of following atmospheric
commitment to chemical species?
personal and (A) Chlorofluro Carbon (CFC)
occupational (B) Methane (CH4)
choices (C) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
(D) Moratorium (IV) Relatively small, (D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
friendship based Choose the correct answer from the options
groups given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) D > B > C > A (b) C < B < D < A
given below: (c) A > B > C > D (d) A < C < D < B
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) Ans.(b): Global warming refers to the increase in the
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) temperature of the earth's surface. The following is the
(c) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) decreasing order (descending order) of global warming
(d) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) among the given alternatives.
Ans.(d): CO2 < CH4 < N2O < CFC
There names are Carbondioxide, Methane, Nitrous
List-I List-II
oxide and chloro fluorocarbon respectively.
Child Feature
28. Given below are two statements:
Development
Statement (I) : The disadvantage of inter-
(A) Cliques – Relatively small, personal communication is the availability of
friendship based groups immediate feedback.
(B) Crowds – Less intimate, more Statement (II) : The greatest advantage of mass
loosely organized groups communication is its delayed feedback
(C) Identity – General sense of oneself In the light of the above statements, Choose the
along with all their beliefs, most appropriate answer from the options
emotions and attitudes given below:
(D) Moratorium – Exploration with a delay in (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
commitment to personal correct
and occupational choices (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
incorrect
26. Given below are two statements:
(c) Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is
Statement I : An inference which is based on
incorrect
the middle term being only positively related to
(d) Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is
the major term is called Kevalanvayi.
correct
Statement II : In Kevalanvayi anumana, the
knowledge of vyapti between the middle and Ans.(b): Interpersonal Communication involves the
information, ideas and feelings being exchanged
major terms is arrived at through the method
verbally or non-verbally between two or more people.
of argument in absence.
Face-to-face communication often involves hearing,
In the light of the above statements, choose the seeing, and feeling, body language, facial expression
correct answer from the options given below: and gestures.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true Element of Interpersonal Communication
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans.(c): An inference when based on a middle term that
is only positively related to the major term and the
knowledge of vyapti between the middle and major
terms is arrived at only through the agreement in
presence is known as kevalanvayi.
The disadvantage of interpersonal communication is the
Hence statement I is true. availability of immediate feedback, is a wrong statement.
While in kevalanvayi anumana, the knowledge of The greatest advantage of mass communication is its
Vyapti between the middle and major term is arrived at delayed feedback is a wrong statement.
through the method of argument in absence is not true. So, option (b) that is Both statement (I) and statement
So, option (c) is true. (II) are incorrect.

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29. Given below are two statements: One is Choose the correct answer from the options
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is given below:
labelled as Reason (R). (a) (A), (C), (E) only
Assertion (A) : Universities and higher
(b) (B), (C), (E) only
education institutions are the important
foundations to the growth of any country. (c) (A), (B), (C), (E) only
Reason (R) : Intellectual property right acts as (d) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
a shield for invention to be misused by third Ans.(c): In the ancient Indian system of education, the
parties. learners were provided training in animal husbandary,
In the light of the above statements, choose the agriculture, dairy industry and other professions. But
most appropriate answer from the options training in the field of administration was not imparted.
given below:
There were two forms of education system in ancient
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A) India, Formal and Informal. Indigenous education was
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the given at home, in temples, schools and other places,
correct explanation of (A) whereas foreign education was given in Universities.
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct 32. In communication, meanings refer to a person's
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct (a) Notions about the world
Ans.(b): Higher education is a rich cultural and (b) Internal responses to a message
scientific asset which enables personal development and (c) Subsuming messages for suppression
promotes economic, technological and social change. (d) External responses only
Universities and higher education institution are the
important foundations to the growth of any country. Ans.(b): In Communication meaning refer to a person's
Higher education helps to achieve and exceed the internal response to a message. Communication is the
outcomes contained in the sustainable development act of giving, receiving and sharing information.
Goals. Intellectual property right acts as a shield for 33. Identify the correct sequence of information
inventions to be misused by third parties.
processing in communication
So option (b) is true that is Both (A) and (R) are correct
but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) Input
30. Which of the following file formats are (B) Output
appropriate for distributing video files across (C) Data entry
the internet? (D) Processing
(A) .FLA (E) Storage
(B) .MP3 Choose the correct answer from the options
(C) .WMA given below:
(D) .AIF (a) (A), (B), (E), (D), (C)
(E) .AVI (b) (B), (D), (E), (A), (C)
Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) (C), (A), (D), (E), (B)
given below:
(a) (B) and (C) only (b) (A) and (E) only (d) (A), (C), (D), (E), (B)
(c) (D) and (E) only (d) (C) and (D) only Ans.(d): The correct sequence of information
Ans.(b): .FLA and .AVI are the file formats for processing in communication–
distributing video, files across the internet. Input Data entry Processing Storage
A video file format is a file format for storing digital
video data on a computer system.
These are the most common digital video formats. Output
MP4 (MPEG -4)
34. Koulberg's theory of moral developemnt
MOV (Quick Time Movie)
comprises of following stages:
WMV (Windows Media Viewer)
AVI (Audio Video Interleave) (A) Obedience orientation
MKV (B) Intellectual disability orientation
FLV, F4V and SWF etc. (C) Rewards/Exchange orientation
31. In ancient Indian education system, learners (D) Law and order orientation
were given training in following occupations in (E) Social contract orientation
the fields of Choose the most appropriate answer from the
(A) Architecture options given below:
(B) Animal Husbandary (a) (A), (B), (C), (D) only
(C) Agriculture (b) (A), (C), (D), (E) only
(D) Administration (c) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
(E) Dairy farming
(d) (A), (B), (D), (E) only
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Ans.(b): Lawrence Kohlberg, an American Psychologist, 37. The open source platform 'Course Builder' on
was among the pioneers of moral development research. which NPTEL courses are seen, was created by
Building on from the original propositions of Jean Piaget, ______.
Kohlberg theorised, that human develop their moral. (a) Microsoft (b) Google
Judgments in 6 stages. (c) Oracle (d) Wipro
(i) obedience orientation Ans.(b): The open source platform 'Course Builder on
(ii) Reward/exchange orientation which NPTEL courses are seen was created by Google.
(iii) Law and order orientation
National Programme on Technology Enhanced
(iv) Social contract orientation Learning (NPTEL) is a project of MHRD initiated by
(v) Self Interest seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT's) along with
(vi) Universal Ethical Principles the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2003 to
35. Given below are two statements : One is provide quality education to anyone interested in
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is learning.
labeled as Reason (R).
38. In a learner centered teaching environment,
Assertion (A) : Sound is non eternal, because it
is caused. teachers
Reason (R) : The middle term does not prove (a) recognise that all learners are unique and
the eternality of sound but it's non-eternality. utilise different teaching styles
In the light of the above statements, choose the (b) do not provide structure and direction
correct answer from the options given below: (c) make decisions about how and what learners
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the will learn
correct explanation of (A) (d) do not facilitate learner's decision making
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the process
correct explanation of (A) Ans.(a): In a learner Centered teaching environment,
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false teachers recognise that all learners are unique and utilise
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true different teaching styles.
Ans.(a): Sound is non eternal because it is caused. 39. In the context of vocational education, the
Sound is created by a vibrating object. Sound travels as organisation 'NSDC' is
a wave through a medium, for example, a liquid, a solid, (a) National Skil Development Council
a gas. The middle term does not prove the eternality of
(b) National Skill Development Corporation
sound but its non-eternality. Hence, both (A) and (R)
are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (c) National Skill Documentation Centre
(d) National Sector Development Corporation
36. Given below are two statements : One is
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is Ans.(b): National Skill Development Corporation
labeled as Reason (R). (NSDC) is a not-for-profit public limited company
Assertion (A) : A valid deductive argument incorporated on. 31 July 2008, under section 25 of the
with all true premises will lead to a true companies act 1956.
conclusion. NSDC was set up by Ministry of Finance as Public
Reason (R) : In a valid deductive argument, the Private Partnership (PPP) model. The Government of
conclusion follows from the premises with India through Ministry of Skill Development &
absolute necessity. Entrepreneurship (MSDE) holds 49% of the share
In the light of the above statements, choose the capital of NSDC, while the private sector has the
correct answer from the options given below: balance 51% of the share capital.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the 40. Following activities are related to the conduct
correct explanation of (A) of experiment in social research:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the (A) Control the experimental environment
correct explanation of (A) (B) Pilot test revise and test
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false (C) Empathy with the participants
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true (D) Praising the good qualities of the
Ans.(a): In deductive argument, a conclusion must participant
follow from the premises. Therefore if the premises of a (E) Specify the treatment levels
deductive argument are true, then the conclusion must Choose the most appropriate answer from the
also be true so it is clear from the above that Both (A) options given below:
and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (E) only
(A). (c) (C), (D), (E) only (d) (A), (B), (E) only
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Ans.(d): Social research refers to the systematic and Ans.(c): If the length of a psychological test is
organized investigation of a social problem that requires increased it improves both reliability and validity. The
a solution. It is a kind of research used to investigate, length of the test i.e. the number of questions included
groups of people and institutions. in it is also related to validity. Testing not only
Characteristics of social research increases its reliability but also increases its validity.
• Aims to find solution Score of a test can not be interpreted without referring
• Used to make predictions to its norm.
• Requires Expertise So option (c) is correct.
• Inter disciplinary 43. Which one of the following formal fallacies is
Functions of social research committed in the given argument?
• To Discover New facts or Verify/Test old facts. All snakes are reptiles.
• To improve social welfare Some snakes are poisonous creatures.
• To Gain more control over social phenomena.
Therefore all poisonous creatures are reptiles.
Therefore option (A), (B) and (E) are related to the
conduct of experiment in social research. (a) Fallacy of Illicit process of major term
41. If a survey is conducted telephonically, which (b) Fallacy of Illicit process of minor term
among the following statements is true? (c) Fallacy of undistributed middle term
(a) It improves quality of data (d) Fallacy of four terms
(b) It improves the validity research Ans.(b): All snakes are reptiles. Some snakes are
(c) It reduces the cost of data collection Poisonous creatures. Therefore all poisonous creatures
(d) It makes participants comfortable are reptiles. In the given argument fallacy of Illicit
Ans.(c): Telephone survey also known as CATI or process of minor term.
computer-assisted telephonic interview, is a research 44. Source of arsenic pollution in the ground water
method where the researcher surveys respondents over is
the telephone.
(a) Industrial effluents
Unlike email survey, researchers conduct data
collection by conducting phone interviews and (b) Deep underground formations
punching the responses themselves. (c) Dyeing industries
Advantages of telephonic survey (d) Agricultural wastes
• Immediate response Ans.(a&b): Arsenic pollution of ground water is a form
• Personal touch of ground water pollution. This is due to the high
• Cost effective concentration of arsenic in the deep levels of ground
Disadvantage of Telephonic survey water. The main sources of arsenic in groundwater are
• Hard to make a connection industrial waste, mining, burning of fossil fuels, use of
• Intrusive for customers arsenic fungicides, deep underground formations and
pesticides etc. Water pollution due to arsenic is the
• Limited complexity of questions.
biggest problem in West Bengal.
So option (c) is correct, that is, it reduces the cost of
data collection. 45. Given below are two statements:
42. Given below are two statements: Statement (I) : A man sells his goods at 10%
Statement (I) : If the length of a psychological profit. If he sells his goods at 15% profit, he
test is increased it improves both reliability and gets `160 more. The cost price of his goods is `
validity. 4,200.
Statement (II) : Score of a test can be Statement (II) : A man spends 80% of his
interpreted without referring to its norm. earnings. His earnings increased by 25% and
In the light of the above statements. Choose the his expenses increased by 20%. The man's
most appropriate answer from the options savings thus increased by 45%.
given below : In the light of the above statements, choose the
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct correct answer from the options given below:
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
incorrect
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
(c) Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is
false
incorrect
(d) Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
correct (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
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Ans.(d): From statement (I), consumption. Television appears to be free, however,
given the cost price of his good = 4200 it may by actually paid for. Payment has no direct
According to the question, relationship to consumption-people can consume as
115 110 much as they wish and what they wish with no
4200× − 4200 × = 160 thought of what they are able to afford.
100 100
46. What are the ramifications of television as a
4830 – 4620 = 160 commodity in financial economy?
210 ≠ 160 (a) Making huge profits
Hence statement I is false (b) Importance to distribution channels
Now from statement II,
(c) Audience for advertisers
Let the earning of the man = ` 100
(d) Enculturisation of audience
According to the question
Ans.(c): In the financial economy, television symbolises
Earning Expenses Savings
programmes and advertisements, not textuality.
100 80 20
The program's role in the financial economy changes
After increase
from commodity to producer and sold as product to
120 145 advertisers.
125 80 × = 96 20 × = 29
100 100 47. When we consider television as a product, then
125 = 96 + 29 it operates in a/an
125 = 125 (a) Deterministic cultural system
So, statement II is true (b) Circulatory commercial system
Thus option (d) that is statement I is false but statement (c) Audience power system
(II) is true
(d) Distributive pleasure system
Read the following passage and answer questions
Ans.(b): When we consider television as a product, then
from 46 to 50.
it operates in a circulatory commercial system.
Television is a cultural commodity. It works within an
economically determined capitalist economy, but 48. How viewing television in a cultural economy
when we have said that about it we have said both affects the audience"
much and remarkably little. There is a financial (a) Audience assume a new role
economy within which wealth circulates, and a (b) They become a new commodity
cultural economy within which meanings and (c) They cannot differentiate between the
pleasures circulate, and the relationship between financial economy and cultural economy
them is not as deterministic as some theorists have (d) Audience restrict the circulation of meanings
proposed. In the financial economy, television and pleasures
symbolises programmes and advertisements, not
Ans.(a): Audience viewing television in a cultural economy
textuality. A programme is a commodity produced
and then sold to distributors. In distribution, its role affects the audience as audience assume a new role.
changes and it becomes not a commodity, but a 49. What is unique about television audience in a
producer, and what it produces is a new commodity, cultural economy?
the audience which is then, in its turn, sold as a (a) They are non-stop producers of meanings
commodity to advertisers. The ramifications of this (b) They cannot fathom the finer nuances of
financial economy are fascinating. Here the role shift financial economy
undergone by the programme in the financial (c) They do not pay for content consumption
economy-that from commodity to producer is now (d) They can consume as much as affordability
undergone by the audience, who are left as a
commodity sold to the advertiser. But in the cultural Ans.(a & d): As per the passage they are non-stop
economy the audience rejects its role as a commodity producers of meanings and they can consume as much
and becomes a Producer, a Producer of meanings and sans affordability.
pleasures, and at this moment stops being 'an So option (a) & (d) are true.
audience' and becomes different materialisations of 50. In distribution televison becomes
the process that we call "viewing television". While (a) Cultural commodity
the metaphor of a cultural economy is productive one, (b) Producer of a new commodity
we must not let it blind us to differences between it
(c) Purveyor of textuality
and the financial. Meanings and pleasures do not
circulate in the cultural economy in the same way (d) A source of theorisation
that wealth does in the financial. In the first place Ans.(b): In distribution television becomes producer of
there is no exchange of money at the point of sale or a new commodity.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 13 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table shows the percentage (%) 2. Profit earned by Companies B and C together
distribution of production of bicycles of two on Model M (in `crore) is
different models (L and M) by the six (a) 0.2496 (b) 0.2488
companies A-F, ratio of production of model L
(c) 0.2466 (d) 0.2844
to that of M, and the percent (%) profit earned
on these two models. Production cost of the six Ans.(a): Company B's total production = 14 % of 6.4
companies together is `6.4 crore. Crore
Company-wise Bicycle Production and Profit Company B's model M production
Com- Bicycle Production % Profit 5
pany Production Ratio = of 14% of 6.4 crore
14
Distribution L M L M
5
% Profit on model M = 30% of of 14% of 6.4 crore
A 20% 13 7 25% 32% 14
Comapny C's total production = 22% of 6.4 crore
B 14% 9 5 28% 30%
Company C's model M production
C 22% 6 5 20% 24%
5
D 13% 6 7 35% 25% = of 22% of 6.4 Crore
E 10% 2 3 24% 21% 11
F 21% 11 10 30% 20% 5
Profit on model M = 24% of of 22% of 6.4 Crore
14
1. What is the difference (in ` crore) between the Total profit earned by Company B and C on model M
profit earned by company C on model L and
together
the profit earned by company E on model M.
(a) 0.7296 (b) 7.296 5 5
= {(30% of of 14%)+(24% of of 22%} of 6.4
(c) 0.03648 (d) 0.07296 14 11
Ans. (d) : Company C production = 22% of 6.4 crore Crore
Company C model L production 5 5 6.4
= {(30× ×14}+{(24× ×22)}× Crore
6 14 11 104
= 22% of of 6.4 crore
11 6.4
= {150+240}× Crore
6 10000
Profit on model L = 20% of 22% of of 6.4 crore
11 = 0.2496 crore
comapny E's production = 10% of 6.4 crore
company E model M production 3. Profit earned by Company A on model L (in
3 `crore) is
= 10% of of 6.4 Crore (a) 0.244 (b) 0.224
5
(c) 0.208 (d) 0.248
3
Profit on model M = 21% of 10% of 6.4 Crore Ans. (c) : Company A's total production = 20% of 6.4
5 crore
profit difference of company C on model L and Company A's model L production
company E on model M
13
6 3 = of 20% of 6.4 crore
= {20% of 22% of –21% of 10% of } of 6.4 Crore 20
11 5
13
6 3 6.4 Profit on model L = 25% of of 20% of 6.4 crore
= {(20×22× }–{(21×10× )}× 4 Crore 20
11 5 10
6.4 13 6.4
= {240-126}× Crore = 25× ×20× Crore
10000 20 10000
= 0.07296 crore = 0.208 Crore

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4. The ratio of the cost of production of model L Ans.(a): Auto-ethnography is an approach that analyses
by Company D to that of model M by personal experiences. Personal experience does shared
Company F is by itself.
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 3 : 5 7. Given below are two statements
(c) 5 : 7 (d) 1 : 2 Statement I : Learning Management System
Ans.(b): Case (1) (LMS) is used to provide a virtual environment
Company D's total production = 13% of 6.4 Crore for teachers and students.
6 Statement II: LMS can be used for blended
Company D's model L production = of 13% of 6.4
13 learning as well as for online learning.
Crore In light of the above statements, choose the
Case (2) most appropriate answer from the options
Company F's Total production = 21% of 6.4 Crore given below
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
10
company F's model M production = of 21% 6.4 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
21 incorrect
Corer
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
ratio of case (1) and case (2)
incorrect
6 6 (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
× 13% of 6.4Crore × 13
= 13 = 13 correct
10 10
× 21% of 6.4Crore × 21 Ans.(a): Learning Management system (LMS) is used
21 21 to provide a virtual environment and mixed learning
= 3:5 with online learning for teachers and students. Both
5. The ratio of the profit earned on model L by statement I and II are correct.
Company B to that of model M by Company D 8. Which of the following statements are correct
is regarding Radio Frequency Identification
(a) 36 : 25 (b) 6 : 5 (RFID) technology?
(c) 7 : 8 (d) 123 : 97 A. RFID refers to a wireless system comprising
Ans. (a) : Case (1) two components; tags and readers.
Company B's total production = 14% of 6.4 Crore B. The reader is a device that has one or more
9 antennas that emit radio waves and receive
Company B's model L production = of 14% of 6.4 signals back from the RFID tag.
14
Crore C. Passive RFID tags are powered by the
reader and do not have a battery.
9
Profit on model L = 28% of of 14% 6.4 Crore Choose the correct answer from the options
14 given below:
Case (2) (a) A, B and C (b) B and C only
Company D's Total production = 13% of 6.4 Crore
(c) A and C only (d) A and B only
7
company D's model M production = of 13% 6.4 Ans. (a) : Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers
13 to a wireless system comprised of two components, tage
Crore and readers. The reader is a device that has one or more
7 antennas that emit radio waves and receive signals back
Profit on model M = 25% of of 13% 6.4 Crore from the RFID tag. Tag are powered by the reader and
13
ratio of case (1) and case (2) do not have a battery.
9 9. The argument, 'Sound is eternal, because it is
28% of × 14% of 6.4Crore produced', is fallacious because :
= 14
7 (a) Middle term is contradicted by another
25% of × × 13% of 6.4Crore pramana (means of knowledge).
13
(b) The middle term is too narrow.
28 × 9 (c) Middle term itself disproves the original
= = 36 : 25
25 × 7 proposition and proves its contradictory.
6. Auto-ethnography is an approach that analyses (d) The minor term is the locus of the middle
(a) Personal experiences term.
(b) Community issues Ans.(c): Sound is eternal, because it is produced is
(c) Local tribes fallacious because The middle term itself disproves the
(d) Cultural distance original proposition and proves its contradictory.
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10. Three numbers are in the ratio of 2:5:6 and 14. Which of the following models for curriculum
their sum is 663. Find the three numbers: evaluation considers three primary sources of
(a) 107,250,306 (b) 102,250,311 curriculum namely students, society and
subject matter reflecting the philosophy of
(c) 102,255,306 (d) 112,250,301
education and psychology of learning.
Ans.(c): Let the three number be 2x, 5x and 6x respectively. (a) CIPP model (b) Stake's model
∴ 2x+5x+6x = 663 (c) Tyler's model (d) Scriven's model
= 13 x = 663 Ans.(c): Tyler's models for curriculum evaluation
663 considers three primary sources of curriculum namely
x= students, society and subject matter reflecting the
13
philosophy of education and psychology of learning.
= 51
15.
The collection of linked information residing on
11. Given below are two statements computers which is accessible through Internet
Statement I : Focus group discussion is part of is called
formative research. (a) HTTP (b) HTML
Statement II: Formative research can be both (c) WWW (d) URL
qualitative and quantitative. Ans.(c): The collection of linked information residing
on computers accessible through internet is called world
In light of the above statements, choose the
wide web.
correct answer from the options given below
16. Reducing the intensity of noise by a factor of 10
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
will mean a reduction in noise level by
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (a) 10 dB (b) 20 dB
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (c) 3 dB (d) 6 dB
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans.(a): Decibel is a relative unit of measurement equal
Ans.(a): A focus group discussion solved any topic of to one tenth of a bel. Reducing the intensity of noise by
research. Focus group discussion is part of formative a factor of 10 will mean a reduction in noise level by 10
research. Formative research can be both qualitative and dB
quantitative. Both statement I and II are true. 17. Which of the following represents learning as a
six-level hierarchy in a cognitive domain?
12. ______are text files with small pieces of data
(a) Bloom's Taxonomy (b) SOLO Taxonomy
and are used to identify specific users and
(c) Brigg's Taxonomy (d) Gagne's Taxonomy
improve the web browsing experience.
Ans. (a) : Bloom's Taxonomy related to classification
(a) Cookies (b) Bookmarks
of education. Bengamin Bloom the designer at Blooms
(c) Blogs (d) Wikis Taxonomy. Bloom taxonomy represents learning as a
Ans.(a): Cookies are text files with small pieces of data six-level hierarchy in a cognitive domain.
and are used to identify specific users and improve the 18. Which of the following types of assessment is
web browsing experience. done for giving grades/marks/credits to the
13. Who among the following established the students?
(a) Formative (b) Integrative
central Hindu Girl's School at Banaras with
(c) Diagnostic (d) Summative
the object of imparting western education to
girls? Ans.(d): Summative assessment is done for giving
grades/marks/credits to the students. This is a part of
(a) Annie Besant
educational program.
(b) Sarojini Naidu
19. Which of the following Pramanas (means of
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy knowledge) is differentiated into Svartha (for
(d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar oneself), and Parartha (for others) types?
Ans.(a): Annie Besant established the central Hindu (a) Pratyaksa (perception)
Girl's School at Banaras with the object of imparting (b) Anumana (inference)
western education to girls. (c) Upamana (comparison)
(d) Sabda (verbal testimony)
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Ans.(b): Anumana (inference) Pramanas (means of 23. Which of the following are traditional
knowledge) is differentiated into svartha (for oneself) approaches to communication?
and parartha (for others) types. A. Machine-to-machine
20. Poor analysis in historical research is due to B. Machine-to-man
A. Impersonal interpretation C. Rhetorical
B. Emphasis on objective assessment D. Semiotic
C. Over-generalisation E. Phenomenological
D. Over-simplification
Choose the correct answer from the options
E. Non-identification of social context
given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, D and E only
given below.
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only (c) B, C and D only (d) C, D and E only
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only Ans.(d): Rhetorical, semiotic and phenomenological are
Ans.(c): Poor analysis in historical research is due to traditional approaches to communication its not related
over generalisation, over-simplification and Non- to machine to machine and human being.
Identification of social context. 24. Given below are two statements
21. Hansa Mehta Committee was appointed by the Statement I : Photovoltaic cells are often made
National Council for Women's Education in up of crystal silicon.
1962 with the purpose to :
Statement II : Photovoltaic cells are also made
(a) carry out inspection of schools in rural areas.
up of inexpensive amorphous silicon, which is
(b) examine the differentiation of curriculum for
like ordinary glass and has no crystal
boys and girls at all stages of education.
properties.
(c) establish science laboratories in universities.
(d) formulate policy for use of educational In light of the above statements, choose the
satellites for rural areas. most appropriate answer from the options
Ans.(b): Hansa Mehta Committee was appointed by the given below
National council for Women's Education in 1962 with (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
purpose to examine the differentiation of curriculum for (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
boys and girls at all stage of education. incorrect
22. Given below are two statements, one is labelled (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as incorrect
Reason R (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
Assertion A : Biomass is considered as carbon correct
neutral.
Ans.(a): Photovoltaic cells is a solar cells bond.
Reason R: The amount of carbon they emit is
equal to the amount of carbon they have Photovoltaic cell are often made up of crystal silicon
consumed during their life-time. and also made up of inexpensive amorphous silicon,
In light of the above statements, choose the which is like ordinary glass and has no crystal
most appropriate answer from the options properties. Both statement I and II are correct.
given below 25. Match List I with List II
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct List I List II
explanation of A
Type of Description
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A Communication
(c) A is correct but R is not correct A. Phatic I. Decoder
(d) A is not correct but R is correct becomes encoder
Ans.(a): Biomass is considered as carbon neutral. B. Feedback II. Communication
Carbon neutrality is a stage of net zero carbon dioxide about communication
emissions, amount of carbon they emit is equal to the
C. Meta message III. Between equals
amount of carbon they have consumed during their life
time. Both A and R correct and R is the correct D. Lateral IV. To greet
explanation of A. communication

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Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(c): Swayam Prabha consists of a group of 34 DTH
given below: channels using GSAT-15 satellites on 24×7 basis.
(a) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III National Education Policy by MHRD in 2014 identified
(b) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I 13 themes for education. Statement I are true but
(c) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II Statement II are false.
(d) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III 28. Which of the following pollutant causes
aggravation of respiratory disease, and
Ans.(d): Match List- atmospheric discolouration?
List I List II (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Lead
Type of Description (c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Ozone
Communication Ans. (c) : Nitrogen dioxide causes aggravation of
respiratory disease, and atmospheric discoloration.
A. Phatic – To greet 29. There are 15 students in a class. The average
age of the students and the teacher of the class
B. Feedback – Decoder is 15 years. The average age of the teacher and
the students is 2 years more than that of
becomes encoder students. What is the age of the class teacher?
C. Meta message – Communication about (a) 48 year (b) 50 year
communication (c) 43 year (d) 45 year
D. Lateral – Between equals Ans. (d) : Average are of 15 student = x
communication Teacher + student (Average age ) = 15 year
26. Find the wrong term in the series given below. Total Number = Teacher +15 student = 16
5, 10, 17, 24, 37, 50, 65 Total age = 15×16 = 240 year
(a) 37 (b) 17 given that,
(c) 24 (d) 50 (Student+ teacher) Average age = Average age of
student +2
Ans.(c): Wrong term of series
= 15 = x+2
Continued 2,3,4,5,6,7---------- take square and add one.
x = 13
– 22 = 4+1 = 5
Total age of 15 student = 13×15 = 195
32 = 9+1 = 10 Class teacher age = Total age – 15 Students age
42 = 16+1 =17 = 240-195
52 = 25+1 =24 26 = 45 years
62 = 36+1=37 30. Match List I with List II
72 = 49+1 = 50 List I List II
82 = 64+1 = 65 Educational Initiatives Description
A. Rashtriya Uchchatar I. Promote
Wrong term = 24
Shiksha Abhiyan innovation of a
27. Given below are two statements higher order that
Statement I : Swayam Prabha consists of a directly impacts
group of 34 DTH channels using GSAT-15 the needs of the
industries
satellites on 24×7 basis.
Statement II: The concept note for National B. Global Initiative on II. Invite
Academic Network international
Education Policy prepared by MHRD in 2014
faculties to give
identified as many as 53 themes. short term
In light of the above statements, choose the programmes to
most appropriate answer from the options Indian students.
given below C. Uchchtar Avishkar III. Promote
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Yojana research in
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are frontier areas of
incorrect knowledge
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is D. Scheme for Trans- IV. Improvement
incorrect disciplinary Research of access, equity
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is for India's Developing and quality in
correct Economy higher education.
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Choose the correct answer from the options Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: given below:
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV (a) A, C and E only (b) A, C and D only
(b) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III (c) A, C, D and E only (d) A, B, C and D only
(c) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III Ans.(a): Using digital resources, preparing students
touards Higher order thinking skills and Inter
(d) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
disciplinary approach must be ensured by a 21st century
Ans.(c): Match List I with II higher education teacher.
List I List II 33. Match List I with List II
Educational Initiatives Description List I List II
Tests Reliability Description
A. Rashtriya Uchchatar — Improvement of A. Test and re-test I. Delivering a
Shiksha Abhiyan access, equity and questionnaire in
quality in higher two parts,
education separately, to a
sample group.
B. Global Initiative on — Invite international
Academic Network faculties to give short B. Inter-rater II. Providing
different versions
term programmes to
of a questionnare
Indian students which are
C. Uchchtar Avishkar — Promote innovation of equivalent for
Yojana a higher order that respondents.
directly impacts the C. Parallel forms III. The same test
needs of the industries is conducted by
D. Scheme for Trans- — Promote research in different people.
disciplinary Research for frontier areas of D. Split-half/Deæ&-Yebefpele IV. The same test
India's Developing knowledge over a period of
Economy time, is repeated.

31. Which of the following hardware components Choose the correct answer from the options
will lose data when the power to a computer is given below:
switched off? (a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
A. Processor Registers (b) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(c) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-I
B. Cache Memory
(d) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
C. SSD
Ans (d) : Match List I with List II
D. RAM
List I List II
E. ROM
Tests Reliability Description
Choose the correct answer from the options
A. Test and re-test – The same test over a
given below:
period of time, is
(a) B and D only (b) A, C and D only repeated.
(c) A, B and C only (d) A, B and D only B.Inter-rater – The same test is
Ans.(d): Processor registers, cache memory and RAM conducted by
hardware components will los data. When the power to different people.
a computer is switched off. C. Parallel forms – Providing different
32. Which of the following must be ensured by a versions of a
questionnare which
21st Century Higher Education teacher?
are equivalent for
A. Preparing students towards Higher Order respondents.
Thinking Skills D. Split-half – Delivering a
B. Placements of students questionnaire in two
C. Using digital resources parts, separately, to
D. Interaction with bright students only a sample
E. Inter-disciplinary approach group

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34. Homogeneity of opinion among groups of Ans.(b): In communication, metaphors are considered
people is mostly caused by: imprecise in nature.
(a) Mass communication 39. Which of the following propositions is obverse
(b) Intra-personal communication of an logically equivalent to "Some men are
(c) Inter-personal communication honest"?
(d) Abstraction in communication (a) Some men are dishonest.
Ans.(c): Homogeneity of opinion among groups at people (b) Some men are not dishonest.
is mostly caused by Inter-personal communication. (c) No men are dishonest.
35. Hardness of water is caused by the presence of (d) Some dishonest people are not men.
(a) Solid particles in the water Ans. (b) : Some men are honest are logically equivalent
(b) Pathogens in the water to some men are not dishonest.
(c) Toxic metals in the water 40. A shopkeeper professes to sell his goods on cost
(d) Cations in the water price but uses 750 gm instead of 1 kg. What is
Ans.(d): The most abundant ions (+Ve) present in his gain in percentage?
water are Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Ma). Hardness of (a) 33 (b) 35.3
water is caused by the presence of Sulphate Chloride (c) 30.3 (d) 33.33
and carbonate ions of Calcium and Magnesium. Ans.(d): According to the question,
36. Given below are two statements Weight loss
= ×100
Statement I : To obvert a proposition, we Wrong Value of Weight
change its quality and replace the predicate
250
term with its complement. = × 100
750
Statement II: Obversion is valid for any
100
standard form categorical proposition. =
In light of the above statements, choose the 3
correct answer from the options given below = 33.33
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true 41. An example of a cyber exacerbated crime is
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (a) Cyber vandalism (b) Cyber piracy
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (c) Cyber stalking (d) Cyber trespass
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans.(c): Cyber Stalking is an example of a cyber
Ans.(a): To obvert a proposition, we change its quality exacerbated crime.
and replace the predicate term with its complement. 42. The simple interest on a sum of money is 4/9 of
Obversion is valid for any standard form categorical the principal. What will be the annual rate of
proposition. Both statement I and II are true. intrest and time (in years), if both of these are
37. Which logical informal fallacy is committed in numerically equal?
the following argument, "No one has proved (a) 6% and 6 years (b) 6.8% and 6.8 years
that global warming is actually occurring, so 1 1 2 2
(c) 6 % and 6 yrs. (d) 6 % and 6 yrs.
there is no reason to believe that it is actually 2 2 3 3
occurring."? 4
(a) Begging the question Ans.(d): If principal amount is x. Simple interest is
9
(b) Equivocation of the principal amount
(c) Appeal to ignorance 4x x × y × y
(d) Hasty generalisation =
9 100
Ans.(c): No one has proved that global warming is
400
actually occurring. So there is no reason to believe that y=
it is actually occurring, in the above statement appeal to 9
ignorance logical informal fallacy. 20
y=
38. In communication, metaphors are 3
considered________ in nature. 2
y=6
(a) Precise (b) Imprecise 3
(c) Non-symbolic (d) Non-reflective Where y is numerical value of interest rate and the time.

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43. In research, middle range theories opperate in a of the nation-state narrated in the miracle of the market.
(a) Wider domain The articulation of the market as the centre of India's
(b) Limited domain economic growth and development is the overarching
(c) Flexible domain anchor for the various discourses of the policy-making
(d) Representative domain and implementation. The middle class in India make up a
segment of India's elite. They participate in the
Ans. (b) : In research, middle range theories operate in
consumption culture of India. This culture is enabled by
limited domain.
rapid reforms and punctuated in the rise of urban hubs of
44. The Government of India in November 1948 belonging. Belonging in this is recrafted in the story of
appointed a University Education Commission consumption and lifestyles. Here consumption is equated
under the Chairmanship of: to development and modernisation.
(a) D.S. Kothari 46. The new middle class is India is hugely active
(b) Ms. Sucheta Kriplani in:
(c) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (a) Adopting innovative lifestyles
(d) Mrs. Annie Besant (b) Acquiring new technical competence
Ans.(c): The Government of India in Nov, 1948 (c) Redefining the business strategies
appointed a University Education Commission under (d) conspicuous consumption
the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. This Ans.(d): The new middle class in India is hugely active
commission was suggested improving and help in in conspicuous consumption. The new middle class in
University Education. India is upwardly mobile education mostly in English
45. Given below are two statements and works in professional, technical and or managerial
Statement I: Personal conversation is more careers.
effective than a broadcast speech. 47. The participation in global commodity chains
Statement II: The factor of personalisation has given the middle class its own
makes the radio a more effective mens of (a) Identity (b) Market
communication than a newspaper. (c) Economic Status (d) Upward mobility
In light of the above statements, choose the
Ans.(a): The participation in global commodity chains
correct answer from the options given below
has given the middle class its own identity.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
48. The main theme of the passage is:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) Market-driven middle class identity
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(b) Need for high level consumption
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(c) Negative effect of modernised consumption
Ans.(a): Personal conversation is more effective then a
(d) Emergence of knowledge enterprises
broadcast speech. The factor of personalisation makes
the radio a more effective means of communication then Ans.(a): The main theme of the passage is market-
a newspaper both statement I and II are true. driven middle class identity.
Note: Read the given passage and answer the 49. The 'new middle class' is associated with
questions that follow (a) The production of global brands
The 'new middle class' in India is upwardly mobile, (b) Market expansion
educated mostly in English and works in professional, (c) Global capitalism
technical and/or managerial careers. It is connected to (d) White collar supremacy
global networks of consumption, consuming global Ans.(c): The 'New middle class' is associated with
brands and aspiring toward lifestyles of conspicuous Global capitalism.
consumption. The identity of this class is defined by its 50. The elite class has a vision of the nation-state
participation in global commodity chains. The market anchored by
defines the identity of the middle class, as a site of
(a) Policy discourses
identity formation, expression and aspiration. Also
(b) Market miracle
salient within the new middle class are several strata.
(c) Limitless consumption
The hightest stratum is occupied by the white collar
corporate mid-to- high level managers who actively (d) Corporate narratives
participate in transnational capitalism. What connects Ans.(b): The elite class has a vision of the nation-state
these various groups in the elite class is a common vision anchored by Market Miracle.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 12 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: The following table presents the details about 4. What is the total number of male teachers in
the percentage (%) distribution of teachers and the City-F, female teachers in City-C and female
number of male teachers in six different cities (A – F). teachers in City-B together?
There is a total of 4500 teachers in all the six cities (a) 1080 (b) 1120
together. Based on the data in the table, answer the (c) 1180 (d) 1020
question 1–5: Ans.(a): No. of male teachers in city F = 100
City-wise Distribution of Teachers No. of female teachrs in city C = 4500×28% –600=660
City ↓ Percentage of Number of No. of female teachers in city B = 4500×16% –400=320
(%) Teachers Male Teachers ∴ Total sum = F + C + B = 100+660+320 = 1080
A 14% 200 5. In which city is the number of male teachers
B 16% 400 more than the number of female teachers?
C 28% 600 (a) B only (b) D only
D 15% 100 (c) Both B and E (d) Both E and F
E 21% 500 Ans.(c): No. of female teachers in city A = 4500×14% –
F 06% 100 200 = 430
No. of female teachers in city B = 4500×16% –400=320
1. The number of female teachers in City-D is
No. of female teachers in city C = 4500×28% –600=660
approximately what percent of the total number
of teachers in City-A? No. of female teachers in city D = 4500×15% –100=575
(a) 75 (b) 81 No. of female teachers in city E = 4500×21% –500=445
(c) 95 (d) 91 No. of female teachers in city F = 4500×6% –100=170
Ans.(d): The number of female teachers in city D ∴ From the above description it is clear that the No. of
male teachers in city B and E is more than that of
= 4500×15% – 100 female teachers.
= 675 – 100 = 575 6. Given below are two statements: One is labeled
Total numbers of teachers in city A as Assertion A and the other is labeled as
= 4500×14% = 630 Reason R.
575 Assertion A : Universities play a key role in
Required percentage = × 100 = 91% (Approx) building a symbiotic relationship between the
630
nation, state and society
2. What is the ratio of the number of male Reason R : Universities are centres for creation
teachers in City-C to the number of female and transmission of knowledge
teachers in City-B? In the light of the above statements, choose the
(a) 11:15 (b) 15:11 correct answer from the options given below:
(c) 15:8 (d) 8:15 (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
Ans.(c): Number of male teachers in city C = 600 explanation of A
Number of female teachers in city B = 4500×16%–400 (b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
= 720 – 400 = 320 correct explanation of A
Required Ratio = 600 : 320 = 15 : 8 (c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
3. What is the difference between the total
number of teachers in City-E and the number Ans.(b): Universities play a key role in building a
of female teachers in City-F? symbiotic relationship between the nation, state and
society. This assertion is correct. And the reason (R)
(a) 625 (b) 775
states that universities are centres for creation and
(c) 675 (d) 725 transmission of knowledge; is also correct but the
Ans.(b): Total no. of teachers in city E = 4500 × 21% reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
= 945 7. The population of a bacteria culture doubles
Total no. of female teachers in city F = 4500×6% –100 every 2 minutes. How many minutes will it take
= 270–100 = 170 for the population to grow from 1 to 1024?
Required difference = 945–170 = 775 (a) 10 (b) 14
(c) 18 (d) 20
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Ans.(a): ∵ The population of bacteria culture doubles (c) Statement I is true but statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is true
every 2 minutes.
∴ Minute 0 → Number (1) → (20× 1) Ans.(b): Statement I : The physical context of
communication must be tangible; is true as a
Minute 2 → Number (2) → (21×1)
communicator performs any action or tangible gesture
Minute 4 → Number (4) → (22× 1) which is a sign with an associated meaning.
Minute x → Number (1024) → (2x× 1) Statement II : The temporal context of message deals
∴ 1× 2x = 1024 with the sequence of events is also correct as we know
2x = 210 that context can influence what is said and how it is
x = 10 said, as well as helps to establish meaning. Therefore
So in 10 minutes the number of bacteria will be 1024. both the statements are true.
8. Identity the correct sequence in decreasing order 11. Given below are two statements :
in terms of number of universities in the State One is labeled as Assertion A and the other is
(A) Gujarat labeled as Reason R.
(B) Uttar Pradesh Assertion A : Bottom ash generated into the
(C) Rajasthan boilers of the thermal power plants are major
(D) Karnataka cause of nearby river pollution.
(E) Madhya Pradesh Reason R : The hotwater generated from
Choose the correct answer from the options thermal power plants are discharged into the
given below: nearby rivers.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) In the light of the above statements, choose the
(b) (B), (C), (D), (A), (E) correct answer from the options given below:
(c) (C), (B), (D), (A), (E) (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(d) (C), (B), (A), (D), (E) explanation of A
Ans.(*): As October 2022, the correct sequence in (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
decreasing order in terms of number of universities in correct explanation of A
the given state are as follows:- (c) A is true but R is false
Gujarat (88) > Rajasthan (87) > Uttar Pradesh (80) > (d) A is false but R is true
Karnataka (73) > Madhya Pradesh (67)
Ans.(b): Assertion (A) : Bottom ash generated into the
Note:- This question has been dropped by NTA.
boilers of the thermal power plants are major cause of
9. Given below are two statements: One is labeled nearby river pollution this statement is true. The bottom
as Assertion A and the other is labeled as ash is defined as agglomerated ash particles, which are
Reason R. too large to be carried in the flue gases.
Assertion A : A proper name has only Reason (R) : The hot water generated from thermal
denotation but no connotation
power plants are discharged into the nearby river is also
Reason R : Intension refers to set of adjectives: correct, but the reason (R) is not the correct explanation
Extension refers to set of substantives.
of Assertion (A).
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below: 12. Given below are two statements about
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Electronic Mail (e-mail)
explanation of A Statement I : You can create folders to store
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the and organise your emails
correct explanation of A Statement II : You can add attachments of any
(c) A is true but R is false file size to an email.
(d) A is false but is true In the light of the above statements, choose the
Ans.(a): Assertion A: A proper name has only correct answer from the options given below:
denotation but no connotation, is correct where as the (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Reason R : Intention refers to set of adjectives; extension (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
refers to set of substantives; is also correct and the Reason (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
10. Given below are two statements Ans.(c): Statement I: states that you can create folders
Statement I : The physical context of to store and organise your emails. This statement is true
communication must be tangible. as we can create folders to organise email, move
Statement II : The temporal context of message messages and add folders to our favorites folder for
deals with the sequence of events. easy access.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
Statement II: states that we can add attachments of any
correct answer from the options given below:
fill size to an email; is wrong as we can add attachment
(a) Both statement and statement II are true
of file size upto 25 MB.
(b) Both statement I and statement II are false
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13. Match List I with List II Ans.(b): Rashtriya Uchchatar Siksha Abhiyaan (RUSA)
List I List II is a centrally sponsored scheme (CSS) launched in 2013
(A) H0 ; µ = µ H = 100 (I) Alternate aims at providing strategic funding to eligible state
0
hypothesis is that higher educational institutions. The reforms initiated
the population under the Rashtriya Uchchattar Siksha Abhiyaan
mean is not (RUSA) aims at:-
equal to 100 • Push for greater accountability and autonomy of state
(B) Hα ; µ H ≠ 100 (II) Alternative institutions.
0
hypothesis is that • Improving the quality of education infrastructure.
the population • Formulation of stringent regulating to curb
mean is greater commercialization of higher education.
than 100 15. With reference to Likert-type scale, the correct
(C) Hα ; µ > µ H (III) Null hypothesis set of options include
0
is that the (A) Likert-type scale can be performed without
population mean a panel of judges
is equal to the (B) Likert-type scales are not considered reliable
hypothesised (C) Likert type scale takes more time to construct
mean 100 (D) Each statement in Likert scale is given an
(D) Hα ; µ < µ H (IV) Alternative empirical test for discriminating ability
0
hypothesis is that (E) Likert-type scale can be used in
the population respondent-centred studies
mean is less than Choose the correct answer from the options
100 given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
given below (c) (A), (D), (E) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
(a) (A)–(II), (B)–(IV), (C)–(III), (D)–(I) Ans. (c) : With reference to Likert type scale the correct
(b) (A)–(IV), (B)–(III), (C)–(I), (D)–(II) set of options include the following:-
(c) (A)–(I), (B)–(III), (C)–(IV), (D)–(II) A. Likert-type scale can be performed without a panel
(d) (A)–(III), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(IV) of judges.
Ans. (d) : D. Each statement in Likert-type scale is given an
empirical test for discriminating ability.
A. H0 : µ = µ H 0 – Null hypothesis is that the
population mean is equal to E. Likert-type scale can be used in respondent centred
= 100 the hypothesised mean 100. studies.
B. Hα : µ ≠ µ H 0 – Alternate hypothesis is 16. Match List I with List II:
that the population mean List I List II
is not equal to 100 (Technical (Description)
C. Hα : µ > µ H 0 – Alternative hypothesis is Term)
that the population mean (A) Phishing (I) The action of illegally
is greater than 100 installing malicious code
which redirects a person
D. Hα : µ < µ H 0 – Alternative hypothesis is
that the population mean to a fradulent website
is less than 100. with the purpose of
obtaining that person's
14. The reforms initiated under the Rashtriya bank details
Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyaan (RUSA) ait at
(B) Pharming (II) The action of sending
(A) Push for greater accountability and text messages to
autonomy of state institutions fraudulently obtain
(B) Improving the quality of education and another person's bank
infrastructure details
(C) Formulation of stringent regulations to curb (C) Spam (III) The action of sending
commercialization of higher education emails to fraudulently
(D) Increase in GER upto 50 percent obtain another person's
(E) Efficient monitoring and continuous bank details
feedback mechanism (D) Smishing (IV) Unsolicited bulk emails
Choose the correct answer from the options Choose the correct answer from the options given
given below: below:
(a) (A), (B) and (C) only (a) (A)–(I), (B)–(III), (C)–(IV), (D)–(II)
(b) (A) and (B) only (b) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(III), (D)–(II)
(c) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only (c) (A)–(III), (B)–(I), (C)–(IV), (D)–(II)
(d) (B), (C), (D) and (E) only (d) (A)–(III), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(IV)
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Ans.(c): The correct match is as follows:- Ans.(d): The correct match is as follows:-
List-I List-II (Description) List I List II
(Technical Term) A. Fallacy that occurs due – Argumentum ad
(A) Phishing - The action of sending emails to appeal to non Baculum (force)
to fraudulently obtain another rational method of
persons bank details.
intimidation
(B) Pharming - The action of illegally
installing malicious code B. Fallacy that occurs – Argumentum ad
which redirects a person to a when an argument Hominem
fraudulent website with the makes an appeal to the
purpose of obtaining that character of the person.
persons band details. C. Fallacy that occurs – Argumentum ad
(C) Spam - Unsolicited bulk emails when an argument is in populum
(D) Smishing - The action of sending text the form of emotional
messages to fraudulently obtain "appeal to the gallery".
another person's bank details. D. Fallacy that occurs – Accident Fallacy
17. Aman adds a video file to his social networking when a general rule is
page. Which one of these describes a video that applied to a case in
has been watched by a lot of people over a
which the rule is
short period of time?
(a) Digital (b) Tagged inapplicable.
(c) Viral (d) Open source 19. Development of communication skills among
Ans.(c): Aman adds a video file to his social learners involves
networking page. Audio that has been watched by a lot (A) Vertical flow of information
of people over a short period of time, the term viral best (B) Restricted expression of views
describes this. In other words viral is a buzz word used (C) Logical argumentation
to describe any content or media that becomes widely (D) Sharing of doubts
shared through social networks and online. The concept
of "going viral" extends to many medium including (E) Understanding human psychology
videos, photos, games, articles or even advertisements. Choose the correct answer from the options
18. Match List I with List II given below:
List I List II (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
(A) Fallacy that (I) Argumentum (c) (C), (D), (E) only (d) (A), (D), (E) only
occurs due to ad Hominem Ans.(c): Development of communication skills among
appeal to non learner involves:-
rational methods C – Logical argumentation
of intimidation
D – Sharing of doubts
(B) Fallacy that (II) Accident Fallacy
occurs when an E – Understand human psychology
argument makes 20. Given below are two statements
an appeal to the Assertion A : There are certain psychological
character of the conditions under which inference takes place.
person Reason R : Absence of positive knowledge and
(C) Fallacy that (III) Argument ad will to infer its presence or absence are pre-
occurs when an Populum requisites for inference to be drawn.
argument is in
the form of In the light of the above statements choose the
emotional correct answer from the options given below
"appeal to the (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
gallery" explanation of A
(D) Fallacy that (IV) Argumentum ad (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
occurs when a Baculum (force) correct explanation of A
general rule is (c) A is true but R is false
applied to a case
in which the rule (d) A is false but R is true
is inapplicable Ans. (a) : Assertion A: There are certain psychological
Choose the correct answer from the options conditions under which inference takes place. This
given below assertion is correct. Whereas Reason (R) states that
(a) (A)–(I), (B)–(II), (C)–(III), (D)–(IV) absence of positive knowledge and will to infer its
(b) (A)–(III), (B)–(II), (C)–(I), (D)–(IV) presence or absence are pre-requisites for inference to be
(c) (A)–(II), (B)–(IV), (C)–(I), (D)–(III) drawn. The reason is also correct and the reason (R) is the
(d) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(III), (D)–(II) correct explanation of Assertion (A).
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21. Match List I with List II: (a) (D), (E), (B), (A), (C)
List I List II (b) (A), (C), (D), (E), (B)
(A) Learning (I) Blender (c) (E), (A), (B), (C), (D)
Management System (d) (D), (B), (E), (A), (C)
(B) Web Conferencing (II) Sakai Ans. (d) : Correct sequence of preparing vermi compost
System is as follows:-
(C) Animation Maker (III) SPSS D - Construction of pit of half square meter area and
System one meter deep.
(D) Data Processing (IV) Microsoft B - Lining up with straw or dried grass and leaves.
System Teams E - Putting into pit the organic wastes as and when
Choose the correct answer from the options generated.
given below A - Introduction of culture of worms into the pit.
(a) (A)– (II), (B)–(IV), (C)–(I), (D)–(III) C - Water the pit once or twice a week.
(b) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(III), (D)–(II) 24. 1 mm layer of pure ozone gas around earth at
(c) (A)–(I), (B)–(III), (C)–(II), (D)–(IV) normal temperature and pressure is equivalent to
(d) (A)–(III), (B)–(II), (C)–(IV), (D)–(I) (a) 1 Dobson Unit (DU) (b) 10 DU
(c) 100 DU (d) 0.1 DU
Ans. (a) : The correct match is as follows:- Ans. (c) : 1 mm layer of pure ozone gas around earth at
List I List II normal temperature and pressure is equivalent to 100 DU.
A. Learning – Sakai The Dobson unit is the most common unit for measuring
management system ozone concentration. One Dobson unit is the number of
B. Web conferencing – Microsoft teams molecules of ozone that would be required to create a layer
system of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at a temperature of 0
degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.
C. Animation maker – Blender
system 25. Which one of the following is the national
repository of high quality resources on
D. Data processing – SPSS foundational literacy and numeracy?
system (a) Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing
22. Types of communication distance on a (DIKSHA)
continuum of ethnocentrism in sequence are (b) National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
(A) Indifference (B) Avoidance (c) National Repository on Open Educational
(C) Disparagement (D) Equality Resources (NROER)
(E) Sensitivity (d) National Professional Standards for Teachers
Choose the correct answer from the options (NPST)
given below Ans. (a) : DIKSHA is the national repository of high
(a) (B), (C), (E), (D), (A) quality resources on foundational literacy and
(b) (D), (E), (A), (B), (C) numeracy. DIKSHA is a unique initiative which
(c) (C), (D), (E), (A), (B) leverages existing highly scalable and flexible digital
(d) (A), (B), (C), (E), (D) infrastructures while keeping teachers at the center. It is
Ans.(b): Types of communication distance on a built considering the whole teachers life cycle from the
continuum of ethnocentrism in sequence are:- time students teachers enroll in Teacher Education
D - Equality Institutes (TEIs) to after they retire as teachers.
E - Sensitivity 26. Price of a mobile is first increased by 20% and
A - Indifference later decreased by 25%. What is the net
B - Avoidance percentage change in final price of the mobile?
C - Disparagement (a) 10% (b) 18%
(c) 20% (d) 12%
23. What is the correct sequence of preparing
vermi-compost Ans. (a) : If, price of mobile = `100
(A) Introduction of culture of worms in to the 20
price after 20% increase in the price = 100+100×
pit 100
(B) Lining up with straw or dried grass and = 100+20 = `120
leaves Price after 25% reduction in the price-
(C) Water the pit once or twice a week 25
(D) Construction of pit of half square meter 120–120 ×
area and one meter deep 100
= 120–30 = `90
(E) Putting into pit the organic wastes as and
when generated Total reduction in price - = 100–90 = 10
Choose the correct answer from the options 100
Total percentage change in the price = 10× = 10%
given below: 100
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27. The procedure of assigning numbers to various Ans. (a) :
degrees of opinion, attitude and other concepts, List I List II
is called as
(A) Mist – Aerosols consisting of
(a) Regression (b) Scaling liquid droplets
(c) Variance (d) Concordance
(B) Smoke – Aerosols consisting of
Ans.(b): The procedure of assigning numbers to various solid particles
degrees of opinion, attitude and other concept is called
(C) Fume – Aerosols produced by
as scaling. This can be done in two ways:-
condensation of hot
1. Making a judgment about some characteristic of an vapours of metals
individual and then placing him directly on a scale
that has been defined in terms of that characteristic. (D) Smog – Photochemical products of
VOCs and NOx
2. Constructing questionnaires in such a way that the
score of individual's responses assigns him a place 30. If All college professors are entertaining
on a scale. lecturers' is True in a square of opposition
which of the following can be inferred correctly
28. Match List I with List II: from the given codes
List I List II (A) 'No college professors are entertaining
(Types of Skills) (Characteristics) lecturers' is false
(A) Public (I) To gain (B) 'Some college professors are not
speaking information entertaining lecturers' is true
(B) Leadership (II) Confidence (C) 'Some college professors are entertaining
(C) Self- (III) Problem-solving lecturers' is true
presentation (D) 'Some college professors are entertaining
(D) Interviewing (IV) Represents a lecturers' is false
credible person Choose the correct answer from the options
given below :
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) (A) and (B) only (b) (B) and (C) only
given below
(c) (C) and (D) only (d) (A) and (C) only
(a) (A)–(I), (B)–(II), (C)–(III), (D)–(IV)
(b) (A)–(III), (B)–(IV), (C)–(I), (D)–(II) Ans.(d): If 'All college professors are entertaining lecturers
is true in a square of opposition then the following can be
(c) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(III) inferred correctly from the given codes.
(d) (A)–(II), (B)–(III), (C)–(IV), (D)–(I) (A) 'No college professors are entertaining lecturers is false.
Ans. (d) : The correct match is as follows:- (C) Some college professors are entertaining lecturers is true.
List I (Types List II 31. The type of research in which the researcher
of skills) (Characteristics) gains familiarity with a phenomenon or to
achieve new insights into it, is known as
(A) Public – Confidence
(a) Diagnostic research study
speaking
(b) Exploratory research study
(B) Leadership – Problem solving (c) Descriptive research study
(C) Self – Represents a Credible (d) Hypothesis testing study
Presentation person
Ans. (b) : The type of research in which the researcher
(D) Interviewing – To gain information gains familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
29. Match List I with List II: insights into it is known as exploratory research study.
List I List II Exploratory research is defined as a research used to
investigate a problem which is not clearly defined. It is
(A) Mist (I) Aerosols consisting of solid conducted to have a better understanding of the existing
particles problem, but will not provide conclusive results.
(B) Smoke (II) Aerosols produced by 32. Given below are two statements
condensation of hot Statement I : A fraction can be reduced to its
vapours of metals lowest form by dividing the numerator and
(C) Fume (III) Photochemical products of denominator with a common factor.
VOCs and NOx Statement II : Two fractions can be compared
(D) Smog (IV) Aerosols consisting of by comparing their numerators if their
liquid droplets denominators are equal.
Choose the correct answer from the options In the light of the above statements, choose the
given below correct answer from the options given below :
(a) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(III) (a) Both statement I and statement II are true
(b) (A)–(III), (B)–(II), (C)–(IV), (D)–(I) (b) Both statement I and statement II are false
(c) (A)–(II), (B)–(IV), (C)–(III), (D)–(I) (c) Statement I is true but statement II is false
(d) (A)–(IV), (B)–(II), (C)–(I), (D)–(III) (d) Statement I is false but statement II is true
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Ans.(a): Statement I- A fraction can be reduced to its 35. Identify the correct order of the following major
lowest form by dividing the numerator and denominator technological changes in computers based on
with the common factor. fourth to first generation of computers
21 (A) Microprocessors
Suppose the fraction =
35 (B) Vacuum Tubes
3×7 3 (C) Integrated Circuits
Lowest form = = fraction obtained after dividing
5×7 5 (D) Transistors
by common factor Choose the correct answer from the options
Statement II- Two fraction can be compared by comparing given below:
their numerators if their denominators are equal. (a) (C), (A), (D), (B) (b) (A), (C), (B), (D)
3 5 (c) (A), (C), (D), (B) (d) (D), (B), (A), (C)
Suppose the fraction is and
7 7 Ans.(c): The correct order of the following major
If the denominator is same then the fraction with greater technological changes in computers based on fourth to first
numerator will be considered as the bigger fraction. generation of computers are given below:-
∵5>7 4th generation – Microprocessor
5 3 3rd generation – Integrated chip
∴ > IInd generation – Transistor
7 7
∴ Both statements are correct. Ist generation – Vacuum tubes
33. Organisational communication is ______ in 36. Which of the following file format contains
nature. exclusively the sound file format appropriate
(a) Obtrusive (b) Contradictory for web distribution
(c) Non-behavioural (d) Applied (A) WMV (B) WAV
Ans. (d): Organizational communication is imperative for (C) AVI (D) MOV
the functioning of any type of organization. When an (E) MP3
organized collection of individuals work interdependently Choose the correct answer from the options
with in a relatively structured organized and an open given below:
system to achieve the common goals, get involved into
communication and it is known as organizational (a) (B) and (C) only (b) (B) and (E) only
communication. Organizational communication is applied (c) (A) and (D) only (d) (A) and (E) only
in nature. Ans.(b): WAV and MP3 file format contains exclusively
34. Given below are two statements the sound file format appropriate for web distribution.
Statement I : Chronic toxicity caused due to WAV - Stands for waveform audio file format. It is an
hazardous wastes is not difficult to determine. audio file format standard, developed by IBM and
Statement II : Chronic effects may be seen Microsoft for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.
immediately after the exposure. MP3 - MP3 is a standard technology and compressed
In the light of the above statements, choose the audio file format which stands for "MPEG Audio Layer
most appropriate answer from the options 3",. It was developed by MPEG (Moving picture
given below
experts group.)
(a) Both statement I and statement II are correct
(b) Both statement I and statement II are 37. Identify the correct sequence for the technique
incorrect of developing measurement tools
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is (A) Specification of concept dimensions
incorrect (B) Selection of indicators
(d) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is (C) Concept development
correct
(D) Formation of index
Ans. (b) : Statement I- Chronic toxicity caused due to
hazardous wastes is not difficult to determines is Choose the corect answer from the options
incorrect as chronic toxicity is often caused by long given below :
term, low-level exposure to hazardous chemicals. (a) (A), (B), (C), (D) (b) (C), (A), (B), (D)
Chronic toxicity is difficult to determine because less is (c) (B), (C), (A), (D) (d) (D), (A), (C), (B)
known about the long term effects of chemicals than
Ans. (b) : The correct sequence for the technique of
about their acute toxicity.
developing measurement tools are as follows:-
Statement II : Chronic effects may be seen
immediately after the exposure, this statement is also C - Concept development
incorrect as chronic toxicity is often caused by long A - Specification of concept dimensions
term low level exposure to hazardous chemicals and its B - Selection of indicators
effect is seen in long term. D - Formation of index
Therefore both the statements are incorrect.
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38. According to National Eduation Policy (2020). 41. Under which initiative every student in the
National Higher Education Regulatory Council country will participate in a fun project/activity
will be the single point regulator for all on 'The Language of India', sometime in
disciplines except Grades 6-8
(a) Teacher Education (a) Make in India
(b) Medical and Legal education (b) Digital India
(c) Agricultural sciences (c) Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
(d) Management (d) EK Bharat Shrestha Bharat
Ans.(b): According to National Education Policy
(2020) National Higher Education Regulatory Council Ans.(d): Under the initiative "Ek Bharat Shrestha
will be the single point regulator for all disciplines Bharat" every student in the country will participate in a
except medical and legal education, Union cabinet fun project/activity on "The Languages of India"
paved the way for transformative reform in school and sometime in Grades 6-8. "Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat"
higher education system by launching the New National was announced by Prime Minister on 31st October,
Education Policy (NED) on 24th July, 2020. They also 2015 on the occasion of the 140th birth anniversary of
renamed MHRD as Ministry of Education. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel. Through this innovative
measure, the knowledge of the culture, traditions and
39. Kavita's age is eight years more than thrice the practices of different states and U.Ts. will lead to an
sum of the ages of her two grandsons who are
enhanced understanding and bonding between the
twins. Nine years later. Kavita's age will be one
states, thereby strengthening the unity and integrity of
year more than two times the sum of the ages of
India.
her two grandsons. What was the age of Kavita
when her grandsons were born 42. Given below are two statements
(a) 58 years (b) 68 years Statement I : It is not desirable to have all the
(c) 65 years (d) 28 years interest areas around the outside of the
Ans.(a): As per the question, classroom, leaving a large deadspace in the
Sum of Twin grandson's age = x years middle
Kavita's age = (3x+8) years Statement II : It is not desirable to put
After 9 years- bookshelves next to the reading area and games
(3x+8) + 9 = (x+18) ×2 + 1 equipments by the game table
3x + 17 = 2x + 36 + 1 In the light of the above statements, choose the
3x – 2x = 37 – 17 most appropriate answr from the options given
x = 20 below
Kavita's age at the time of twin grandson's birth (a) Both statement I and statement II are correct
= (3x + 8) years (b) Both statement I and statement II are
= 3×20 + 8 incorrect
= 68 years. (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is
40. Match List I with List II: incorrect
List I List II (d) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is
(A) National Education Policy (I) 1993 correct
(B) National Policy on (II) 2009 Ans.(c): Statement 1: states that it is not desirable to
Education have all the interest areas around the outside of the
(C) National Knowledge (III) 1986 classroom, leaving a large dead space in the middle; this
Commission very statement is correct where as the IInd statement
(D) Learning without burden (IV) 2020 says that it is not desirable to put book shelves next to
Report of the National the reading area and games equipment by the game
Advisory Committee table; which is incorrect as the book shelves should
Choose the correct answer from the options placed next to the reading area and games equipment
given below should by placed near the game table as it is convenient
(a) (A)–(IV), (B)–(II), (C)–(III), (D)–(I) for the one who needs it or uses it.
(b) (A)–(IV), (B)–(III), (C)–(I), (D)–(II)
(c) (A)–(IV), (B)–(III), (C)–(II), (D)–(I) 43. Identify the approaches to assessment that
require performance in context
(d) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(III)
(A) Priming
Ans. (c): The correct match is as follows:- (B) Portfolios
(A) National Education Policy – 2020 (C) Think-Pair-Share
(B) National Policy on – 1986 (D) Exhibitions
Education (E) Token reinforcement
(C) National Knowledge – 2009
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
Commission
options given below
(D) Learning without burden – 1993
report of the National (a) (B) and (D) only (b) (A) and (C) only
Advisory Committee (c) (C) and (D) only (d) (D) and (E) only

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Ans.(a): The approaches to assessment that require community gathers and the extent to which it
performance in context are Portfolios and exhibitions. can get its voice heard. The shirking and
44. Which of the following is not a fallacy of absenteeism of village teachers for example are
Ambiguity much more easily observed by the villagers
(a) Equivocation (b) Amphiboly themselves than by the government inspectors
(c) Accent (d) Accident and the search for redress can be more
Ans.(d): Some arguments are fallacious due to imprecise effectively achieved with local activism.
use of language. When a word, phrase or sentence used in Besides, schools, hospitals and other facilities
different senses in course of an argument, this type of can be made more sensitive to the pubilc needs
fallacies are said to be committed. Fallacy of accident is if there is a local pressure in that direction,
not a fallacy of ambiguity. Some fallacy of ambiguity are better than the directions from the above.
as follows:- 46. The effective quality of services depends upon
– Fallacy of Equivocation making:
– Fallacy of Amphiboly (a) Stricter rules for implementation
– Fallacy of Accent
(b) Local community involved
– Fallacy of composition
(c) Redressal of grievances
– Fallacy of Division
(d) Strong government vigilance
45. What comes next in the following sequence
Ans.(b): As per the above passage the effective quality of
0.25, 2.25, 6.25, 12.25 ?
services depends upon making local community involved.
(a) 18.25 (b) 19.25
(c) 16.25 (d) 20.25 47. What can bring the social opportunities within
the reach of the people?
Ans.(d): According to the sequence
(a) The government directives
(b) Economic literature
(c) Actions of the public
∴ ? = 20.25 (d) Success of social change
Read the passage carefully and answer the Ans. (c) : As per the above passage actions of the public
questions that follow (Q. 46-50) can bring the social opportunities within the reach of the
Public action, in a broad sense, can play a people.
central role in economic development and in 48. What does the passage advocate to make
bringing social opportunities within the reach services sensitive to public needs?
of people as a whole. Sometimes public action is (a) Pressure by beneficiaries
characterised in the economic literature as
(b) Information gathering
action by the government, not as action by the
(c) Government monitoring
public itself. This interpretation can be
seriously misleading as it draws attention away (d) Checking absenteeism among public employees
from the influence that the public can have in Ans.(a): The above passage advocates pressure by
determining the direction of governmental beneficiaries to make service sensitive to public needs.
action. Actions of the public can be of profound 49. Positive functions of the government can be
significance to the successes and failures of supported by
economic and social change in general and to (a) Public influence on policy-decisions
development efforts in particular. The role of (b) Focussing on education and social security
public activisim in influencing government (c) Centralised power structure
policy can be particularly important in (d) Top-down one way general instructions
promoting the positive functions of the
government. These positive functions include Ans.(a): According to the above passage positive
the provisions of public services such as health functions of the government can be supported by
care, child immunisation, primary education, focussing on education and social security.
social security, environmental protection and 50. Adequate monitoring of public services is
rural infrastructure. The vigilance and possible through
involvement of the public can be quite crucial (a) Expansion of essential services
not only in ensuring an adequate expansion of (b) Improvement in quality of services
these essential services but also in monitoring (c) Increasing social inclusivity
their functioning. Indeed the actual reach and (d) Effective public activism
effective quality of the services that are meant Ans.(d): According to the above passage adequate
to be, in principle available often depends a monitoring of public services is possible through
great deal on the information that the local effective public activism.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 12 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table presents the details about 4. What is the respective ratio of total number of
the number of students enrolled in three students studying in B.C.A. in the colleges C
different academic programmes namely. B.A., and E together to those studying in B.A. in the
B.C.A. and B.B.A. in five different colleges (A- colleges A and B together?
E) during the year 2020. Based on the data in (a) 24 : 23 (b) 25 : 27
the table, answer the questions 1-5 : (c) 29 : 23 (d) 29 : 27
College-wise enrollment of students Ans.(c): Total number of students studying in B.C.A. in
College Academic programme the college C and E together 300 + 425 = 725
Total number of students studying in B.A. in the college
B.A. B.C.A. B.B.A. A and B together = 275+300= 575
A 275 350 425 Required Ratio = 725 : 575 = 29:23
B 300 325 475 5. Number of students studying in B.B.A. in
C 325 300 325 college C forms approximately what percent of
the total number of students studying in B.B.A.
D 450 375 425 in all the five colleges together?
E 325 425 225 (a) 21% (b) 39%
1. Number of students studying in B.A. in college (c) 33% (d) 17%
B forms what percent of total number of Ans.(d): Total number of students studying in B.B.A. in
students studying in all the programmes all colleges = 425 + 475 + 325 +425 +225 = 1875
together in the same college? (rounded off to Total number of students studying in BBA in college C
two digits after decimal) = 325
(a) 26.86% (b) 27.27% 325
Required percentage = × 100 = 17.3%
(c) 29.84% (d) 32.51% 1875
Ans.(b): Number of students studying in B.A. in Therefore option d is correct.
college B = 300 6. Given below are two statements:
Total number of students studying in all programmes in Statement I: The ritualistic view of
college B = 300 + 325 + 475 = 1100 communication is that it is not
300 used for the promotion of self-
Required percent = × 100 = 27.27% interest.
1100 Statement II: In contrast, the transmission
2. What is the average number of students mode of communication
studying B.C.A. in all the five colleges considers it as an instrumental act.
together? In the light of the above statements. Choose the
(a) 365 (b) 395 most appropriate answer answer from the
(c) 330 (d) 355 options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Ans.(d): The average number of students studying in (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
350 + 325 + 300 + 375 + 425 1775 (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
BCA = = = 355
5 5 (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
3. What is the respective ratio of total number of Ans.(a): The ritualistic view of communication is a
students studying in B.C.A., B.A. and B.B.A. in communication theory proposed by James W. Carey,
all the colleges together? where in communication the construction of a symbolic
(a) 71 : 67 : 75 (b) 67 : 71 : 75 reality represents, maintains, adapts and shares the beliefs
(c) 71 : 68 : 75 (d) 75 : 71 : 68 of a society in time. Ritualistic communication examines
people create and express meaning through verbal and
Ans.(a): Total number of students studying in BCA non-verbal ritual. Ritualistic communication extends
350 + 325 + 300 + 375 + 425 = 1775 beyond collective religious expression.
Total number of students studying in B.A. Therefore both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
= 275 + 300 + 325 + 475 + 325 = 1675 7. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for children
Total number of students studying in B.BA contains P subtests across the various ages, but
= 425 + 475 + 325 + 425 + 225 = 1875 a maximum of Q subtest is administered to any
one child, where (P.Q) = __________.
Required Ratio = 1775 : 1675 : 1875 (a) (10, 5) (b) (12,8)
⇒ 71 : 67 : 75 (c) (16,13) (d) (20,15)
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Ans.(c): The Kaufman Assessment Battery for children 11. Error can creep into interview data due to
(KABC) is a clinical instrument for assessing cognitive following factors:
development. Its construction incorporates several 1. Failure to record answers accurately
recent developments in both psychological and 2. Influencing the response of the respondents
statistical methodology. The test was developed by Alan 3. Interviewees are intelligent
S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman in 1983 and 4. Interviewer is able to explain the question well
revised in 2004. The purpose of this test is to assess the 5. Failure to establish appropriate interview
cognitive development in children. The KBCII has 18 environment
subsets of two types : Core and supplementary. The Choose the correct answer from the options
sequencing of both subsets for children in (16, 13). given below:
8. Every hour the number of bacteria in a sample (a) 1, 2, 4 only (b) 1, 2, 5 only
doubles. If the original number of bacteria is (c) 2, 3, 4 only (d) 3, 4, 5 only
100, and 50 bacteria are removed every two
hours, after five hours, there are Ans.(b): Error can creep into interview data due to
(a) 2500 bacteria (b) 2700 bacteria following factors
(c) 1350 bacteria (d) 2800 bacteria (i) Sequencing bais
Ans. (b) : The number of bacteria's in original portion = (ii) Halo Effect
100 Then, after first hour = 200 (iii) acquiescence bais
after second hour = 200×2 = 400 (iv) Self selection bais
if 50 bacteria are removed after every two hours (v) Failure to record answers accurately
Therefore exact number of bacteria after two hours = (vi) Influencing the response of the respondents.
(400-50) = 350 (vii) Failure to establish appropriate interview environment.
after three hours = 350×2= 700 12. Given below are two statements:
after four hours = 700×2-50 = 1350 Statement I : The length of a tree increases at
after five hours = 1350 ×2 = 2700 the rate of 5% every year on its
Hence the total number of bacteria after five hours = 2700 previous year's length. If it is 2.0
9. A teacher to be an effective communicator, feet now, it will increase 0.31525
should resort to feet in three years.
1. Acquisition of elitist background Statement II : A vendor sells an item for `56
2. Natural flow of information making a profit of 40%. The cost
3. Voluntary support to learning price of the item is `40.
4. A system of immediate and regular feedback
5. Convoluted presentations In the light of the above statements, choose the
Choose the correct answer from the options correct answer from the options given below:
given below : (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(a) 1, 2, 3 only (b) 2, 3, 4 only (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) 3, 4, 5 only (d) 1, 4, 5 only (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Ans. (b) : A teacher to be an effective communicator (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
should resort Ans.(a): Statement -I : Now height of tree = 2 feet
(i) Natural flow of information After 1 year height = 2 feet + 2 feet of 5%
(ii) Voluntary support to learning 5
(iii) A system of Immediate and regular feedback. = 2 feet + 2 × feet
(iv) Praise good work and offer constructive feedback 100
when a student does poor work = 2 feet + 0.1 feet
(v) Understand students likes and dislikes = 2.10 feet
(vi) Be observant of how each student normally After 2 year height = 2.1 feet + 5% of 2.1 feet
behaves in the classroom and be alert if any 5 × 2.1
behaviours seem unusual. = 2.1 +
100
10. Which of the following file formats are suitable = 2.205 feet
for distributing video files across the internet?
1. .WMV 2. .WAV 2.205 × 5
After 3 year height = 2.205 feet +
3. .MIDI 4. .MP3 100
5. .MP4 = 2.205 + .11025
Choose the correct answer from the options = 2.31525
given below: = 2.31525 feet
(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1 and 5 only Increase in the height of tree in the three years
(c) 4 and 5 only (d) 2 and 3 only = (2.31525-2)
Ans.(b): File formats are suitable for distributing video = 0.31525
files across the internet:- Therefore Statement- I is correct.
(i) MP4 Statement II- S.P. = 56 `
(ii) MOV - Developed by Apple Profit % = 40%
(iii) WMV (Windows Media Video) 100
(iv) FLV C.P. = × S.P
(v) AVI 100 + 40
(vi) AVCHD 100
= × 56
(vii) Webm 140
(viii) MKV C.P. = 40
Therefore option (b) is a correct answer. Therefore Statement II is correct.

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13. Disaster management plan was launched by Ans.(b): Mahadev Govind Ranade, Gopal Ganesh
ministry of Home affair in Agarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale were known to insist
(a) 2005 (b) 2011 on the idea to provide equal educational opportunities to
(c) 2016W (d) 2020 both boys and girls, through co-educational institutions.
Ans.(c): Disaster management plan was launched by 17. The application of John Dewey's theory to
ministry of Home affair in 2016. It is the first ever communication issues in sequence is:
national plan prepared in the country for disaster 1. The criteria
management. This Authority (NDMA) headed by the 2. The analysis
3. The selection and execution
Prime Minister of India, is the apex body for Disaster
4. The problem
Management in India. This plan covers all phases of 5. The possible solutions
disaster management prevention, mitigation, response Choose the correct answer from the options
and recovery. given below:
14. Given below are two statements : One is (a) 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 only (b) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5 only
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is (c) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2 only (d) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3 only
labelled as Reason (R). Ans.(d): The application of John Dewey's theory to
Assertion (A) : Geothermal energy is not a communication issues in sequence is –
renewable source of energy. The problem
Reason (R) : The processes for extracting and ↓
using geothermal power are more akin to those The criteria
for centralized fossil-fuels than the dispersed ↓
renewable supplies of the natural environment. The possible solutions
In the light of the above statements, choose the ↓
correct answer from the options given below: The analysis
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the ↓
correct explanation of (A) The selection and execution
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A) Note: NTA has dropped this question.
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
18. What is the correct sequence of concentration
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
of various components of producer gas?
Ans.(d): Geothermal energy is a renewable source of 1. CH4 2. CO2
energy. Geothermal energy is the heat produced deep in 3. CO 4. N2
the Earth's core. Geothermal Energy is a clean, Choose the correct answer from the options
renewable resource that can be harnessed for use as heat given below :
and electricity. Geothermal energy is heat that is (a) 4 > 3 > 1 >2 (b) 4 > 3 > 2 >1
generated within the Earth. The process for extracting (c) 3 > 4 > 1 > 2 (d) 3 > 4 > 2 > 1
and using geothermal power are more like to those for Ans.(b): The correct sequence of concentration of
centralized fossil-fuels than the dispersed renewable various components of producer gas:
supplies of the natural environment. Therefore N2 > CO > CO2 > CH4
Assertion (A) is false but the Reason (R) is true. 19. Which among the following are used to
15. 'Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for General Aptitude Tests?
India's Developing economy' was initiated by 1. Test of Cognitive Skills (TCS)
(a) CSIR (b) DST 2. Otis- Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)
(c) ICSS (d) UGC 3. Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT)
Ans.(d): Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for India's 4. Boelim test of Basic Concepts-Revised
(Boelim-R)
Developing economy was initiated by UGC STRIDE aims
5. Thurstone test
to promote innovative culture for trans-disciplinary research Choose the correct answer from the options
especially in universities and colleges. given below:
16. Mahadev Govind Ranade, Gopal Ganesh- (a) 1, 2, 3 only (b) 1, 2, 4 only
Agarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale were known (c) 2, 3, 4 only (d) 3, 4 5 only
to insist on the idea Ans.(b): Test of Cognitive Skills (TCS), Otis - Lennon
(a) Keep women unenlightened in order to School Ability Test (OLSAT) and Boelim-R are used as
preserve the superiority of men General Apitude tests.
(b) Provide equal educational opportunities to 20. Identify the correct arrangement of the
both boys and girls, through co-educational followings storage capacities in the decreasing
institutions order
(c) All domestic work should be done by women 1. 10 Mega Bytes
alone 2. 10 Tera bytes
(d) If women study science they would lose faith 3. 10 Exa bytes
in religion 4. 10 Yotta bytes
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Choose the correct answer from the options Reason (R) : The global pandemic has
given below: far reaching consequences
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1 that may jeopardize hard
(c) 3, 2, 4, 1 (d) 2, 3, 4, 1 won gains made in
Ans.(a): The sequence of storage capacities in the improving school education.
decreasing order: In the light of the above statements, choose the
Yotta byte > Zetta byte > Exabyte > Peta byte > Tera most appropriate answer from the options
byte >Gigabyte > Megabyte > Kilobyte > byte > Bit > given below:
nibbles (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
YB >ZB> EB > PB > TB > GB > MB > KB > B > b> n correct explanation of (A).
Therefore option (a) is correct. (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT
21. Given below are two statements : One is the correct explanation of (A).
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is (c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
labelled as Reason (R). (d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Assertion (A) : In a valid categorical syllogism, Ans.(b): Education is often seen as a way out of
if a term is distributed in the poverty as it enables children from low income families
conclusion, then it must be to move upwards in both social and economic spheres.
distributed in the premises. If provided to every one equally, education can act as a
Reason (R): The conclusion of a valid great Demarcating force, cutting across the barriers of
argument cannot assert any caste and class. Over the Past decade major progress
more than is contained in the was made towards increased access to education and
premises. enrolment at all levels particularly for girls but the
In the light of the above statements, Choose the global pandemic has major impact of all level of
correct answer from the options given below: learning in India as well as all over world. Therefore the
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true and the
correct explanation of (A) Reason (R) is correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
24. Match List I with List II
correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false List I List II
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true Communication (Description)
variety)
Ans.(a): The Assertion (A) is correct because In a valid
1. Paralanguage I Objects and
categorical syllogism, if a term is distributed in the
images with
conclusion then it must redistributed in the premises. If
the minor term is distributed in the conclusion but is not cultural context
distributed in one of the premises, then the syllogism 2. Proxemics II Hesitation noise
commits the fallacy of illicit minor. Whereas the given 3. Colour III Personal space
Reason (R) is also true because, The conclusion of a 4. Artifact IV Different moods
valid argument cannot assert any more than is contained Choose the correct answer from the options
in the premises. given below:
22. With respect to Computers, BIOS is an (a) 1-II, 2-III, 3-IV, 4-I
acronym for: (b) 1-III, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-II
(a) Binary Input Output Source (c) 1-IV, 2-I, 3-II, 4-III
(b) Basic Input Output Support (d) 1-I, 2-II, 3-IV, 4-III
(c) Binary Input Output System Ans. (a) :
(d) Basic Input Output System List I List II
Ans.(d): BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output Communication (Description
system. It is firmware used to provide runtime services variety
for operating systems and programs and to perform 1. Paralanguage I Objects and images with
hardware initialization during the booting process. cultural context
23. Given below are two statements : One is 2. Proxemics II Hesitation noise
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is 3. Colour III Personal space
labelled as Reason (R). 4. Artifact IV Different moods
Assertion (A) : Education enables upward 25. Given below are two statements:
social economic mobility Statement I : The Nyaya system does not
and is a key for escaping accept Arthapatti as an
poverty. Over the past
independent source of valid
decade major progress was
knowledge.
made towards increased
access to education and Statement II : The Nyaya system reduces
enrolment at all levels Arthapatti to an inference
particularly for girls. of anvayi type.
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In the light of the above statements choose the 28. Match List I with List II
correct answer from the options given below: List I List II
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true Referencing Style Format of Citation
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false 1 APA Style I Author, date.......
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (Sharma, Kailesh
Ans.(c): St I:-The Nyaya system doesn't accept suggested
photochromatic
Arthapatti as an independent source of valid knowledge. effect (2006))
St II:- The Nyaya system does not reduces Arthapatti
to an inference of anvayi type. 2 MLA Style II (Author Surname,
Therefore only statement I is correct. Year) ..... (Sharma,
2006)
26. For classroom testing, the length of the test will
vary depending upon 3 Chicago Style III Number in square
1. Purpose of test brackets....... This
2. Kinds of items used theory was first put
3. Knowledge of subject teacher forward in 2006
[10]
4. Age and ability of the pupils tested
5. Instructional objective testes 4 IEEE Style IV Authorname in
Choose the most appropriate answer from the text. Allows
options given below: footnotes.....Sharm
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 only (b) 1, 3, 4, 5 only a develops this
argument (67-69)
(c) 1, 2, 4, 5 only (d) 2, 3, 4, 5 only
Ans.(c): For classroom testing the length of the test will Choose the correct answer from the options
vary depending upon:- given below:
(A) Purpose of test (a) 1- III, 2-II, 3-IV, 4-I
(B) Kinds of items used (b) 1- I, 2-III, 3-II, 4-IV
(C) Age and ability of the pupils tested (c) 1- II, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-III
(D) Instructional objective tested (d) 1- IV, 2-I, 3-III, 4-II
(E) IQ level of the pupils tested
(F) Knowledge of subject pupils Ans.(c) :
27. Consider the following statements: List I List II
1. A train travelling 180 km/hr took 5.4 Referencing style Format of Citation
seconds to cross a stationary man. Length A. APA Style II (Author Surname, year)
of the train is 250m. ..... (Sharma, 2006)
2. If a bus covers 172 km in 4 hours, the
speed of the bus is 154.8 m/s. B. MLA Style IV Author name in text
3. If 25 X+25 Y = 110, the average of X and Y Allows footnotes ......
Sharma develops this
is 2.2. argument (67-69)
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only C. Chicago Style I Author date .......
(c) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 (Sharma), Kailash
Suggested
Ans.(c):St I:-Speed(s) of the train -180 km/h Photochromatic effect
5 (2006)
= 180 × = 50m / sec
18 D. IEEE Style III Number in square
T = 5.4 sec brackets ......... This
D = S × T = 50 × 54 = 270.0 meter. theory was first put
Hence length of train is 270 meter. forward in 2006 (10)
Therefore statement I is incorrect. 29. Given below are two statements :
St II:- T = 4 hour
D = 172 km Statement I : Dewey equated schools to
communities and education to a
172 5 social process.
S of the bus = = 43km / h = 43 × = 11.94 m / sec
4 18 Statement II : Chomsky expressed that ultimate
Therefore statement II is incorrect. aim of education is production of
St III:- if 25x + 25y = 110 individuals which are different
110 from each other in terms of
x+y= quality.
25 In the light of the above statements. Choose the
x + y = 4.4 correct answer from the options given below:
x+y
Average of x + y = = 4.4 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
2 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
= x + y = 2.2 (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Therefore statement III is correct.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true is
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Ans.(c): St I:- Dewey equated Schools to Communities 34. If a researcher has to compare the means across
and education to a social process. three groups quantitatively, which among the
St II:- Also Dewey expressed that ultimate aim of following will be the most appropriate statistical
education is production of individuals which are technique for this purpose
different from each other in term of quality. (a) Correlation analysis
Therefore St I is only correct.
(b) Regression analysis
30. Which of the following characteristics pertains
to Non-conventional learning? (c) Chi-square test
(a) On campus education with fixed time (d) Analysis of variance
(b) Teacher centered learning Ans.(d): If a researcher has to compare the means
(c) Requirement of regular attendance across three groups quantitatively the following will be
(d) No fixed curriculum the most appropriate statistical technique for this
Ans.(d): The educational system in which teaching purpose in Analysis of variance formula (Summary of
learning activities is offered other than the on-campus is ANOVA).
know as to be with fixed classroom. Non-conventional Source Sum of Degree (Mean F
learning characteristics of non-conventional learning is:–
(i) This type of education has fixed classroom. (ii) It does Squares of Square) ratio
not have any fixed curriculum. (iii) It is cost effective. freedom
31. National knowledge commission was established Between SSB Dfb MSB MSB
in the year: group (Sum of = (K–1) SSB MS
(a) 1988 (b) 2000 square = W

(c) 2005 (d) 2007 K −1

between
Ans.(c): National knowledge commission was established group)
in the year 2005. It is an Indian think tank charged with Within SSwg MSW
considering possible policies that might sharpen India's group (Sum of
comparative advantages in knowledge intensive service SSW
square =
sectors. Sam Pitroda was the chairman of NKC 2005. The N−K
major recommendations given by NKC 2005 are: within
1. To build excellence in the educational system to group)
meet the knowledge challenges of the coming era. Total SST = Dft= n–1
2. Promote creation and knowledge in science and SSB+SSW
Technology laboratories. F = Anova coeficient
3. Promote knowledge application in agriculture and n = Total number of sample in population
industry.
K = Number of Independent group
32. Ramesh goes to North, then turns right, then
turns right again and then goes to the left. In MSB = Mean Sum of square between the group
which direction is Ramesh facing now? MSW = Mean sum of square within the group
(a) North (b) South SSt = Total sum of Square
(c) East (d) West 35. Given below are two statements:
Ans.(c): Statement (I) : If there are few extreme
scores in the distribution,
mode will be the most
appropriate measure of
central tendency.
Statement (II) : Mean deviation is the most
sophisticated measure of
dispersion of distribution.
Ramesh is facing in East direction now. In the light of the above statements, choose the
33. Which of the following are true about Joint correct answer from the options given below:
Forest Management (JFM)? (a) Both Statment (I) and Statment (II) are true
1. Its concept was introduced through the (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
2. It involves both state forest department (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
and local community
3. Women also participate in this Ans.(b): St I:- If there are few extreme scores in the
4. It varies from state to state and is known distribution mode will be the most appreciate
by different names in different languages measure of central tendency.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the St II:- Mean deviation is the most sophisticated
options given below: measures of dispersion of distribution.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only Therefore both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans.(b): Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a partnership in 36. Environmental problems associated with soils
forest management among state forest departments and local are
Communities in India. The JFM guidelines of 1990 1. Nutrient leaching
proposed by the government of India. This concept was 2. Metal contamination
introduced through the Environment (Protection) Act 1986. 3. Salinity and Alkalinity
It involves women participation. It varies from state to state 4. Ozone depletion
and is known by different names in different languages. 5. Fine aerosols in ambient air
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Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(a):
given below: List-I List-II
(a) 1, 2, 3, 5 only (b) 2, 3, 5 only Name of Applicable to age group
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 only Intelligence test
Ans.(d): Envirnomental problems associated with soils are:- A. WAIS-R (iii) for ages 16 to 74
(i) Nutirent leaching B. WISC-R (ii) for ages 6 to 16
(ii) Metal Contamination C. WPPSI-R (i) 1
(iii) Salinity and Alkalinity for ages 3 to 7
(iv) Decline in soil fertility 2
(v) Soil erosion D. Kaufman- (iv) 1 1
ABC for ages 2 to12
37. Identify the formal fallacy committed in the 2 2
argument: 40. Match List I with List II
All criminals are human beings. List I List II
All saints are human beings. (Computer Terms) (Description)
Therefore all saints are criminals. 1 OMR I Used by banks to read
(a) Fallacy of Illicit process of Major Term codes on a cheque
(b) Fallacy of Illicit process of Minor Team 2 MICR II prevents unauthorized
(c) Fallacy of undistributed Middle Term access to a computer
(d) Fallacy of Four Terms network
Ans.(c): In the given argument the fallacy of undistributed 3 RAM III Marks multiple
middle term is committed. It is a formal fallacy that is choice questions
committed when the middle term in a categorical 4 Firewall IV Stores programs and
syllogism is not distributed in either the minor premise or data temporarily
the major premise. Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
(a) 1-III, 2-I, 3-II, 4-IV (b) 1-III, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-II
(c) 1-III, 2-I, 3-IV, 4-II (d) 1-I, 2-III, 3-IV, 4-II
38. Based on taxonomy of educational objectives, Ans. (c) :
the ability to understand the meaning of List-I List-II
material is known as ________. Computer Terms Description
(a) Knowledge (b) Responding A. OMR (iii) Marks multiple choice
(c) Comprehension (d) Application Question
Ans.(c): Based on taxonomy of educational objectives B. MICR (i) used by banks to read
the ability to understand the meaning of material is codes on a cheques
known as comprehension. C. RAM (iv) stores programs and
Cognitive Affective Psychomotor data temporarily.
Evaluation Characterization Formation Habit D. Firewell (ii) Prevents unauthorized
by value Act access to a computer
Synthesis Organization Naturalisation network.
41. Given below are two statements with regard to
Analysis Valuing Co-ordination social media.
Application Responding Control Statement I : 'Twitter' is the most well-known
microblogging site.
Comprehension Receiving Manipulation Statement II: 'Youtube' is the largest video
Impulsion sharing site.
Knowledge In the light of the above statements, choose the
39. Match List I with List II. correct answer from the options given below:
List I List II (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(Name of (Applicable to age (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Intelligence Test) group) (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
1 WAIS-R I 1 (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
for ages 3 to 7 Ans.(a): St I:-Twitter is the most well-known micro-
2
2 WISC-R II for ages 6 to 16 blogging site.
St II:- Youtube is the largest video sharing site.
3 WPPSI-R III for ages 16 to 74
Therefore Both statement I and statement II are true.
4 Kaufman- IV 1
ABC for ages 2 to 42. When the receiver assigns a meaning to a
2 language symbol in communication, it is called
1 (a) Response
12 (b) Perception
2
Choose the correct answer from the options (c) Reverse labeling
given below: (d) Meaning mapping
(a) 1-III, 2-II, 3-I, 4-IV (b) 1-II, 2-I, 3-IV, 4-III Ans.(c): The receiver assigns a meaning to a language
(c) 1-I, 2-IV, 3-III, 4-II (d) 1-IV, 2-III, 3-II, 4-I symbols in communication it is called Reverse labeling.

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43. What comes next in the following sequence? Th opposite of the type is the novelistic character,
ET, JR, MP, PN, ? defined by a multiplicity of traits that are only
(a) SM (b) RM gradually revealed to us through the course of the
(c) SL (d) RL narrative, a narrative which is hinged on the
Ans.(c): growth or development of the character and is
thus centered upon the latter in her or his unique
individuality, rather than pointing outwards to
world. In any society, it is the novelistic character
Therefore option (c) is correct. that is privileged over the type, for the obvious
44. Given below are two statements : One is reason that the society's privileges at any rate, at
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is the level of social rhetoric the individual over the
labelled as Reason (R). collective or the mass. For this reason, the
Assertion (A) : In Samanyatodrsta inference majority of fictions that address themselves to
the universal relation between the major and general social issues tend nevertheless to end up
middle term depends on causal uniformity. telling the story of a particular individual, hence
Reason (R) : The middle term of the inference returning social issues to purely personal and
is related to the major term neither as a cause psychological ones. Once we address ourselves to
nor as an effect. the representation and definition of social
In the light of the above statements, choose the categories, for example, alcoholics, we have to
correct answer from the options given below: consider what is at stake in one mode of
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the characterization than another.
correct explanation of (A) 46. Most novelists, while addressing social issues,
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the prefer fictionalisation of
correct explanation of (A) (a) The masses
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false (b) Social sub-categories
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true (c) Social privileges
Ans.(d): Samanyatodrsta Inference is based on the (d) Personal issues
relationship of co existence rather than knowledge of a Ans.(d): Most novelists while addressing social issues
causal relationship. Therefore Assertion (A) is incorrect but prefer fictionalisation of personal issues.
the middle term of the inference is related to the major term 47. Representations that appear in the media
neither as a cause nor as an effect is correct reason (R). fictions are
45. Identify the fallacy committed in the following (a) Aesthetic constructs
argument: (b) Reflection of real world
"An elephant is an animal: therefore, a small (c) Defining characters
elephant is a small animal". (d) Materialistic characterisation
(a) Argument from Ignorance
(b) Fallacy of Irrelevant conclusion Ans.(a): Representations that appear in the media
(c) Fallacy of False Cause fictions are Aesthetic.
(d) Fallacy of Equivocation 48. Stereotypes are characterized by
Ans.(d): In the above question fallacy of equivocation is (a) Immediate recognition of people
committed. This fallacy occurs when a key term or (b) Fictional narration
phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with (c) Absence of social constructs
one meaning in one portion of the argument and then (d) Broadness of function
another meaning is another portion of the Argument. Ans.(b): Stereotypes are characterized by fictional
Read th following Passage and Answer questions narration.
(46-50) : 49. Why the novelistic character is privileged over
Walter Lippman refers to stereotypes as a the type?
projection on to the 'world;. Although he is not (a) Due to the demand of the narrative
concerned primarily to distinguish stereotypes (b) Because of single definable trait
from modes of representation whose principal (c) As it is part of a sub-category called
concern is not the world, it is important for us to stereotype
do so, especially as our focus is representation in (d) Because of preference of social rhetoric to the
media fictions, which are aesthetic as well as individual.
social constructs. In this ,perspective, stereotypes Ans.(d): The novelistic character is privileged over the
are a particular sub-category of a broader type because of preference of social rhetoric to the
category of fictional characters, the type. individual.
Whereas stereotypes are essentially defined by 50. Any character in the type will reflect
their aesthetic function, namely a mode of (a) The illusory world
characterisation in fiction. The type is any (b) The changeable traits of individuals
character constructed through the use of a few (c) The unchangeable traits of individuals
immediately recognisable and defining traits, (d) The sub-categories of representation
which do not change or 'develop' through the Ans.(c): Any character in the type will reflect the
course of the narrative and which point to unchangeable traits of individuals.
general, recurrent features of the human world.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 11 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Consider the following table which shows the full seat = 2500
total number of seats in each college in bracket 500 × 100
and the number of students admitted to ∴ remaining seat =
3000
different streams in a particular year. Based on = 16.67
the data in the table answer question 1-5.
4. What is the average number of Arts students
Collage College College College College
admitted to each college?
w x y z
Stream (500) (500) (1000) (1000) (a) ~ 214 (b) ~ 212
Science 100 150 350 300
(c) ~ 215 (d) ~ 217
Art 100 100 300 350 Ans.(b): Average of Art students = 100+100+300+350
= 850
Engineering 50 50 150 150
Medical 150 50 50 100
850
= = 212.5
1. In which stream the number of admitted 4
students is highest? ~ 212
(a) Medical (b) Science 5. What is percentage of students admitted to
(c) Arts (d) Engineering Medical stream among the total number of
admissions of the college?
Ans.(b): Science- 100+150+350+300 = 900
(a) 13 (b) 15
Art- 100+100+300+350 = 850 (c) 14 (d) 16
Engineering- 50+50+150+150 = 400 Ans.(c): Total admission-
Medical- 150+50+50+100 = 350 (w) college = 50+50+150+150 = 400
Hence, (science stream = 900) stream the number of (x) college = 150+50+50+100 = 350
admitted students is highest. (y) college = 100+100+300+350 = 850
2. What is the ratio of students admitted to (z) college = 100+150+350+300 = 900
science stream and engineering stream? = 2500
(a) 9 : 4 (b) 7 : 4 n
(c) 11 : 5 (d) 9 : 5 = 2500 × = 350
100
Ans.(a): Science = 100+150+350+300 = 900 = 2500n = 350×100
Engineering = 50+50+150+150 = 400 = 2500n = 35000
= 900 : 400 35000
=9:4 n=
2500
3. What is the percentage of vacant seats n = 14%
(a) 17.66 (b) 15.66
6. Which among the following is not related to the
(c) 14.22 (d) 16.67
ranking of World Universities?
Ans. (d) : (a) Times higher ranking (b) QS ranking
Vacant sets in w college = 100+100+50+150 = 400 (c) Madrid ranking (d) Shanghai ranking
= 500–400 = 100 remaining
Ans.(c): World University Rankings provides an
Vacant sets in x college = 150+100+50+50 = 350 annually updated list of the world top universities,
= 500–350 = 150 remaining compiled using data from reliable sources. Several
Vacant sets in y college = 350+300+150+50 = 850 different university rankings are available in the world,
= 1000–850 = 150 remaining the most well-known and most and widely used include
Vacant sets in z college = 300+350+150+100 = 900 the QS world university ranking, times higher ranking
= 1000–900 = 100 remaining and Shanghai ranking. So thus the Madrid ranking is not
Total = 3000 remaining seat = 500 included in the ranking of universities in the world.

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7. Which of the following were important aspects of 9. Match List I with List II
Ninth Five Year plans (1997-2002) pertaining to List I List II
higher education in India
(A) Improvement in quality and systemic A. Mind Maps I. Allow student to explore
efficiency the lesson before the
(B) Conferring autonomous status by UGC on teacher describes
selected colleges B. Gamifications II. Virtual Reality
(C) Encouraging research in higher education
(D) Vocationalisation of higher education C. Flipped III. Use of self-learning
(E) Improvement of quality and relevance of Classrooms tools
technical education D. ICT based IV. Learning through
Choose the correct answer from the option teaching method using quizzes
given below Choose the correct answer from the option
(a) (B), (C),( D), and (E) only given below:
(b) (A), (B), (D), and (E) only (a) A- I, B –II, C- III, D- IV
(c) (A) and (E) only
(b) A- IV, B- I, C- III, D- II
(d) (C) and (D) only
(c) A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II
Ans.(b): After India became independent, the economic (d) A- II, B- III, C- IV, D- I
planning committee was formed under the chairmanship
of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru the planning commission Ans.(c):
was formed on 15 March 1950 on the recommendation List- I List- II
of Economic planning committee the first five year plan
in India started from April 01, 1951. (A) Mind maps (iii) Use of self-learning
tools
The main objective of the Ninth Five year plan (1997-
2002) was to implement government institutions. The (B) Gamifications (iv) Learning through using
plan also had other objectives which are as follows- quizzes
• The main objective at the plan was development and (C) Flipped (i) Allow student to
distribution of justice with equality. classrooms explore the lesson
• Improve the quality and efficiency of the system. before the teacher
• This scheme was launched under the leadership of describes
Atal Bihari Vajpayee. (D) ICT based (ii) Virtual Reality
• In this, the degree of autonomy was given to the teaching
selected colleges by the UGC. method
• In the plan special emphasis was laid on regional 10. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
balance. as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
• Higher education was commercialized in this. Reasons R
• Under this scheme the quality of education was Assertion A : Quantitative research is guided
improved and technical education was given relevance. by positivistic epistemology.
8. Given below are two statements Reason R: The aim of quantitative research is
Statement I : SWAYAM is study Web of Active only to test hypothesis.
Learning for Young Aspiring Mind.. In light of the above statement, choose the
Statement II : SWAYAM is Source With Active correct answer from the option given below
Young Aspirational Mindfullness . (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
In light of the above statements, choose the explanation of A
most appropriate answer from the options (b) Both A and R are true But R is NOT the
given below correct explanation of A
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (c) A is correct but R is not correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are (d) A is in correct but R is correct
incorrect
Ans.(d): The objective of quantitative research is test
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
hypothesis only. Quantitative research is based on data
incorrect
and its conclusion is also determined by the data its
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is relatively focuses on the relationship between the event
correct
and its consequence of effect. Action and reaction are
Ans.(c): SWAYAM is study web of active learning for linked to the event and its results or purpose and effect.
young aspiring mind (SWAYAM) any student can Qualitative research not guided by positivist
study all India, all courses from 9th class to post epistemology.
graduation are available free of cost on SWAYAM
portal for students. This platform of SWAYAM is 11. If 7461 is coded as 135, then what will be the
approved by the Ministry of Human Resources code for 6893?
Development (MHRD) and All India Council for (a) 151 (b) 161
Technical Education (AICTE). (c) 179 (d) 152

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Ans.(b): If 7461 is coded 135 • It is determined by the inductive process of
= 7461 reasoning which similar to Mill's reciprocal system
= 7+4+6+1 18 and reciprocal system it happens.
= 18 = 1+8 = 9 • It is based on the association of negatives that
= 9 = 1+3+5 or 135 wherever a material cause does not exit the product
Then 6893 there of does not exist.
= 6+8+9+3 = 26 • This Nyaya argument is a supporter of polytheism.
= 26 = 6+6 • It is based on the association of existents, that
= 2+6 = 1+6+1 or 161 wherever the effect of effect exists, its material
12. Which among the following are example of cause also exists.
personal documents, for the purpose of sources 14. Match List I with List II
of data? List I List II
(A) Diaries Values Meaning
(B) Mass media outputs
A. Integrity I. Having a good attitude
(C) Letters
(D) Autobiographies B. Team work II. Dedication and
hardwork
(E) Company documents
Choose the most appropriate answer from the C. Discipline III. Do the right thing
options given below D. Positivity IV. Helping and
(a) (A), (B), (C) only cooperating with each other
(b) (A), (C), (E) only Choose the correct answer from the option
(c) (A), (C), (D) only given below:
(d) (B), (C), (D) only (a) A- III, B – IV, C- II, D- I
Ans.(c): Personal forms for the purpose of dental sources (b) A- III, B- II, C- IV, D- I
include (A) diaries (C) forms (D) biographies. In a narrower (c) A- IV, B- I, C- III, D- II
sense, personal documents are a spontaneous first-person (d) A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II
account of one's own actions, experiences and beliefs by an Ans.(a):
individual the wide range of personal from materials
includes autobiographies diary letters and other artistic and List-I List-II
projective documents that reflect the subject's experience A. Integrity (III) Do the right thing
and beliefs. B. Team (IV) Helping and cooperating with
13. Which of the following is true regarding Nyaya work each other
view of invariable concomitance? C. Disciplin (II) Dedication and hard work
(A) It is determined by inductive process of e
reasoning which corresponds to Mill's method D. Positivity (I) Having a good attitude
of agreement and method of difference
(B) It is based on concomitance of affirmatives 15. Given below are two statements:
that wherever a product exists the material Statement I : If you know the length of any one
cause thereof exists side of a right angled triangle, the area of the
(C) It is based on the concomitance of negatives triangle can be found.
that wherever a material cause does not exist Statement II : If you know the length of two
the product thereof does not exist sides of right angled triangle, the length of the
(D) Nyaya view of inductive process does not third side can be found.
correspond to Mill's method of agreement and In the light of the above statements, choose the
method of difference most appropriate answer from the options
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
given below: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(a) (A), (C) and (D) only (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(b) (B), (C) and (D) only incorrect
(c) (B) and (C) only (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
(d) (A), (B) and (C) only incorrect
Ans.(d): Nyaya philosophy was promoted by Akshpad (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
Gautam. The literal meaning of justice is logic or correct
judgment, which is an indicator that this philosophy is Ans. (d) : The figure bounded by three straight lines is
mainly intellectual, analytical and logical. It is also called a triangle is represented by ∆ABC whose three
know by the name of Tarkashastra, Pramanasastra, sides are AB, BC, CA and three angles respectively.
Vadavidya, Vetuvidya Anvikshiki etc. In Nyaya ∠ABC, ∠ACB and ∠BAC are three vertices A, B, C
philosophy-

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Ans.(c): Nyaya Darshana is one of the six philosophies
of ancient India. Darshan means to see so to understand
the whole creation accurately. Darshan aims at it
philosophy is called the appendages of the vedas. The
process of establishing truth through logic is described
in Nyaya philosophy. Its principles are used by other
five philosophies which is called English in logic,
dedicative and Inductive Reasoning, it is called
syllogistic reasoning. Nyaya philosophy divides
discussions into 4 types. Reasoning- In this, truth is
ascertained on the basis of evidence and principles.
Right angled triangle - A triangle whose one angle is a There are very few rules in this many points of view can
right angle i.e. 90º. As shown in the figure it is a right be presented here and their truth is considered.
triangle in which ∠B = 90º, AB = perpendicular, BC = 19. "The secretaries have asked us to provide
base Ac = hypotenuse. In a right angled triangle, if the lounge areas where they can spend their coffee
lengths of two sides are known then the length of the
breaks. This request will have to be refused. If
third side can be found. But if the length of a side is
we give them lounge areas next they will ask
known, then its area cannot be calculated.
for spas and swimming pools. Then it will be
16. What is the full form of 'MLA' as a referencing yoga centers and fitness gyms. Expenditures
style? for these facilities will drive us into
(a) Machine Language Adaptation bankruptcy." Which fallacy is committed in
(b) Modern Language Association the above argument?
(c) Management Language Authority (a) Strawman
(d) Mainstream Language Association (b) Hasty generalization
Ans.(b): Full name of MLA as reference style Modern (c) Red herring
Language Association. The Modern Language (d) Slippery slope
Association of America often referred to simply as the
Modern Association (MLA) is widely regarded as the Ans. (d) : Simply slope argument is being flawed in the
premier professional association for language and above example. It is creating an illusion that are
literature scholars in the United States. relationship of such demands of secretaries are fulfilled,
then they will have to face financial crisis in future in
17. Which one among the following is not a unit of formal logic, the slippery slope to eyebrows is a fallacy
measurement of surface ozone?
in which an action is objected to on the grounds that
(a) Microgram per meter cube once it is takes additional action will occur unless some
(b) Nanogram per meter cube known undesirable result occurs. This is known as the
(c) Dobson unit slippery angle slope argument and the domino fallacy.
(d) Parts per million
20. In which of the learner-centered methods
Ans.(c): The surface layer of ozone is not measured in students are first presented with challenges?
Dobson units this unit is the unit of measurement in of (a) Self learning
the ozone layer parts per billion of ozone measured at
(b) Active learning
surface level (PPB), measured in micrograms per cubic
meter (mg/m3) (c) Inductive teaching and learning
(d) Cooperative learning
18. Given below are two statements
Statements I : According to Nyaya philosophy an Ans.(c): Teaching and learning in learner centred
argument does not proceed on the issue that are methods presents inductive teaching and learning
well established challenges to the students as it involves the learner in
Statement II : According to Nyaya philosophy an such method/teaching techniques. In which inquiry
argument can proceed only on those issues that are problem based, discovery etc. In which students have to
completely and absolutely unknown. face a little problem initially.
In the light of the above statements, choose the 21. What is the full form of the acronym CAD and
most appropriate answer from the options CAM?
given below: (a) Control Aided Data and Computer Aided
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Man
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are (b) Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided
incorrect Manufacturing
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement Ii is (c) Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided
incorrect Maintenance
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement Ii is (d) Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided
correct Man
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Ans.(b): CAD stands for Computer Aided Design : Ans.(b): area diameter = circle diameter
CAD is the use of computerbased software to aid in (4) (4)
design processes. CAD software is frequently used by πr2 = 4
different types of engineers and designer. CAD software
4
can be used to create two dimensional (2D) drawings or r2 =
three dimensional (3D) models. π
CAM stands for ‘Computer Aided Manufacturing’. It is 2
the use of software and computer controlled machinery r= r Square two time
π
to automate a manufacturing process. Based on that
definition, you need three components for a CAM 4 π
2r = ×
system to function: software that tells a machine how to π π
make a product by generating toolpaths.
22. A clock is set right at 5 A.M. The clock loses 16 4× π
=
minutes in 24 hours. What will be the true time 22
when the clock indicates 10 P.M. on 4th day? 7
(a) 11 A.M. (b) 11 P.M. 4×1.772× 7
(c) 9 P.M. (d) 10 P.M. =
22
Ans.(b): Clock is set 5 A.M. = 2.257m.
24 hours - 16 minute loss 25. Which of the following are barriers to
then (fourth days) 72 hours 48 minute loss acceptance of communicated messages?
(A) Body language with positive vibes
(B) Attitude of the listener
∵ 24 hours 16 minute loss (C) Values of the decoder
12 hours 8 minute loss (D) Status clash
(E) Knowledge stimuli
6 – 4 minute loss (a) (A), (B), (C) only
3 – 2 minute loss (b) (B), (C), (D) only
48 (m) +12 (m) (c) (C), (D), (E) only
60 (m) = 1 (hours) (d) (A), (D), (E) only
when the clock indicates 10 P.M. then Wright time is 11 Ans.(b): Communication is the act of giving receiving
P.M. and sharing information in other words it is speaking or
23. Given below the two statements: writing and listening or reading. Good communicators
listen carefully speak or write clearly and respect
Statement I : Western concepts focus on different opinions. Barriers can be many types-
wholeness and unity of communication. Linguistic barrier, psychological barrier, emotional
Statement II : Non-Western communication barriers, physical barriers and cultural barriers and also
concepts have the strong central idea of attitude of the listener, values of decoder status clash
individualism. etc.
In the light of the above statements choose the
correct answer from the options given below: 26. As Per the New London Group, the five modes
(a) Both Statements I and Statement II are true of communication in sequence are:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (A) Linguistic
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (B) Visual
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (C) Aural
(D) Gestural
Ans. (b) : The general meaning of communication is to (E) Spatial
convey any information or message from one person to
another. This communication word is synonymous with Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
the English word or language communication which is
derived from the Latin word ‘communis’ there are many (a) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
concepts in this. The postulate of post communication (b) (B), (C), (D), (E), (A)
does not focus on completeness and unity. According to (c) (C), (D), (E), (A), (B)
Western communication the primary goal of (d) (D), (E), (A), (B), (C)
communication is to influence through persuasion in the Ans.(*): The New London Group described the five
western communication tradition, emphasis is placed on types of communication term. Different people have
the cognitive abilities of the students. Non-Western given its sequence differently. Some people have given
communication concepts do not have a strong central visual, linguistic, spatial, audio and symbolic in
sense of individualism. question not matching with all four options and some
people have given linguistic, visual, auditory, symbolic,
24. What will be the diameter of a circle having
spatial on the basis of multi model which locates in
area equal to that of a square of side 2.0 m? option (a).
(a) ~ 1.256 m (b) ~ 2.257 m Note- UGC drop/delete this question.
(c) ~ 0.88 m (d) ~ 2.718 m
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27. Match List I with List II 29. Given below are two statements:
List I List II Statement I : Piracy refers to attempts to gain
Hazardous Explanation information form otherwise undisclosed areas.
A.F-list I. Hazardous wastes from Statements II : Hacking refers to the
specific industrial processes unauthorized duplication of computer
B. K-list II. Discarded chemical software.
exceeding 25 kilograms per In the light of the above statements, choose the
month correct answer from the options given below:
C. P-list III. Hazardous wastes from (a) Both Statements I and Statement II are true
non-specific sources (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
D. U-list IV. Discarded chemicals (c) Statement I is but Statement II is false
exceeding 1 kilogram per
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
month
Choose the correct answer from the option Ans.(b): Piracy refers to the unauthorized duplication of
given below: copyrighted material which is then sold in the gray
(a) A- III, B –I, C- IV, D- II market of substantially reduced prices. Hacking refers
(b) A- II, B- III, C- I, D- IV to the attempt to option information from secret areas
(c) A- IV, B- II, C- III, D- I hacking means compromising computer system
(d) A- I, B- IV, C- II, D- III personal accounts, computer network or digital devices.
Ans.(a): 30. Modern Universities were established in India
List I List II in 1857 at
Hazardous Explanation (a) Calcutta, Madras and Hyderabad
A.F-list (III) Hazardous wastes from non- (b) Calcutta, Madras and Bombay
specific sources (c) Calcutta, Bombay and Hydrabad
B. K-list (I) Hazardous wastes from specific (d) Calcutta, Banaras and Hydrabad
industrial processes Ans.(b): Sir Charles Woods dispatch of 1854, known as
C. P-list (IV) Discarded chemicals exceeding the Magna Carta of English education in India,
1 kilogram per month recommended a comprehensive scheme of education
D. U-list (II) Discarded chemical exceeding from primary school to university. Subsequently the
25 kilograms per month universities of Calcutta, Bombay (now Mumbai) were
28. Match List I with List II established in July 1857, and the university of Madras
List I List II (now Chennai) in September 1857.
Elements of Representational 31. Given below are two statements :
Human Description Statement I : The intentional meaning consists
Communication of the qualities or attributes that the term
A. People I. Semanticism denotes.
B. Ideas II. Lead to modification of Statement II : The extensional meaning consists
Physical environment of the members of the class that the term
C. Noise III. Information processors denotes.
D. Language IV. Expression of creativity In the light of the above statements, choose the
Choose the correct answer from the option most appropriate answer form the options
given below: given below:
(a) A- II, B – III, C- IV, D- I (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(b) A- I, B- II, C- IV, D- III (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(c) A- IV, B- I, C- III, D- II incorrect
(d) A- III, B- IV, C- II, D- I (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
Ans.(d): incorrect
List I List II (d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
Elements of Human Representational Description incorrect
Communication
Ans.(d): In the broadcast sense the term consists of
A. People (III) Information processors members of the class specified. Broad sense terms give
B. Ideas (IV) Expression of creativity meaning to a word by pointing to the members of the
C. Noise (II) Lead to modification of class that the word represents. The compound meaning
Physical environment does not have the qualities or characteristics specified
D. Language (I) Semanticism by the term.
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32. Which of the following is/are the feature/s of Ans.(b): Most of the online platforms for teaching and
Reflective level of teaching? learning are asynchronous in terms of communication.
(A) Students learn by understanding the facts and Asynchronous learning is referred to as a learner-
information
centered approach that employs digital tools to facilitate
(B) Teaching is nothing but learning the subject
by rote learner development outside of the classroom.
(C) Development of problem-solving ability 35. Given below are two statement:
(D) The student's original thinking and creative Statements I : In present time, researchers
abilities prefer to write research papers over writing a
(E) The pupils are kept in strict disciplines and monograph.
cramming is insisted. Statement II : Monographs and books are not
Choose the correct answer from the options included in the data base of research.
given below:
In the light of the above statements, choose the
(a) (B) and (C) only/kesâJeue (B) Deewj (C)
most appropriate answer from the options
(b) (D) and (E) only/kesâJeue (D) Deewj (E) given below:
(c) (A) and (B) only/kesâJeue (A) Deewj (B) (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(d) (C) and (D) only/kesâJeue (C) Deewj (D) (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
Ans.(d): In the discussion level of teaching (thinking incorrect
level) there is the highest level of thought fullness (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
towards the teacher as well as the learner this does the
incorrect
level basically involves the use of the scientific. In this-
(i) Cognitive field theory reflective of teaching and (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
learning provides level support. correct
(ii) Develops the ability to solve problems. Ans.(a): Scientific research, according to Kerlinger
(iii) It develops the students original thinking and (1964), is the systematic, controlled, empirical and
creative abilities. critical investigation of hypothesis formulated to
33. Which two of the following tasks are carried discover presumed relationships among natural
out by all operating systems? phenomena. In present time, researcher prefer to write
(A) Repairing mouse research papers over writing a monograph. Monographs
(B) Data logging and books are not included in the data base of research.
(C) Managing system resources including Both statement I, II are truth.
memory
36. Which of the following has the highest value?
(D) Transferring data to printer
(E) Drawing image (a) 152 (b) 64
Choose the correct answer from the option (c) 27 (d) 35
given below: Ans.(b): Solved-
(a) (A) and (D) only 152 = 15×15 = 225
(b) (B) and (C) only 64 = 6×6×6×6 = 1296
(c) (C) and (D) only 27 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2 = 128
(d) (C) and (E) only
35 = 3×3×3×3×3 = 243
Ans.(c): Operating system is a type of software, which Thus the maximum value of the given numbers-
acts as an interface between the computer hardware
components and the user operating system has many 64 = 1296
functions- 37. Which among the following are related to the
• Processing any data and showing its output. quality of research articles?
• The operating system limits system resources, (A) Number of research articles
including memory.
(B) Impact factor
• There are many types of devices inside the
computer which are managed by the operating (C) Citation Index
system. (D) Frequency of their publication
• It is the job at the OS to transfer the data to the (E) h-index
printer. Choose the correct answer from the options
34. In terms of communication, most online given below
platforms of teaching and learning are: (a) (A), (B), (C) only
(a) Synchronous
(b) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
(b) Asynchronous
(c) One-to-none (c) (B), (C), (E) only
(d) Tied to specific timeframe (d) (A), (B), (C), (E) only

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Ans.(c): Research articles are published in reputed 40. Put the following in correct sequence in the
scientific journals that are related to the works in the light of process of Evaluation systems.
area to which the paper relates. The quality of research (A) Development and use of measurement
articles is related to the following things- instruments.
(1) Impact factors are commonly used to evaluate the (B) Interpretation of Data
relative importance of a journal within its field and to (C) Setting objectives and criterion
measure that frequency. (D) Formulation of judgments and taking of
(2) Citation Index-A citation index is a type of appropriate action
bibliographic index, an index of citations between
publications, allowing the user to easily locate them Choose the correct answer form the option
which Litigation documents refer to earlier documents. given below:
(3) h-Index- The h-index is a metric for evaluating an (a) (A), (B), (C), (D) (b) (B), (C), (A), (D)
author's scholarly output and demonstrated cumulative (c) (C), (A), (B), (D) (d) (A), (C), (B), (D)
impact. Ans.(c): Evaluation is the process on the basis of which we
38. 'If Sneha tampered with the examination used to assess the knowledge of a student. The correct
script, then she guilty of a crime. Sneha did not sequence of the process of evaluation arrangements is as
tamper with the examination script. Therefore follows:
Sneha is not guilty of crime.' Which fallacy is (1) Establishes objectives and criteria
committed in the above argument? (2) Development and use of measuring instruments
(a) Fallacy of affirming the antecedent (3) Dutts explanation
(b) Fallacy of composition (4) Formulation of judgments and taking of appropriate
(c) Fallacy of denying the antecedent action.
(d) Fallacy of affirming the consequent 41. The functional components of a digital computer
Ans.(c): Fallacy is a common fallacy in reasoning a are:
mistake people often make when justifying a claim or (A) Input Device
position. The Fallacy usually appears to be true of first
glance, but upon closer examination is actually an (B) Printer
unreasonable argument. In general, an argument has (C) Central Processing Unit
premises and a conclusion. The conclusion is that what (D) Memory
the person making the argument is ultimately trying to (E) Output Device
prove, the goal their argument is to show that the Choose the correct answer from the options
conclusion is true in the above example fallacy of
given below:
denying the antecedent.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D) only
39. Given below are two statement: One is labelled
as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as (b) (A), (D), (E) only
Reason (R): (c) (A), (C), (D), (E) only
Assertion (A) Geothermal fluids are rich in (d) (C), (D), (E) only
salts and other contaminates such as hydrogen Ans.(c): A computer is a combination of hardware and
sulphide (H2S) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) software resources integrated together and intended to
Reasons (R) : They are re-injected into ground provide a variety of functionalities to the user. A digital
rather than being dumped to river or ponds. computer can be defined as a programmable machine
In the light of the above statements, choose the that reads binary data passed as instructions.
most appropriate answer from the options
given below: Its functional components are-
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the (1) Input Device
correct explanation of (A) (2) Central Processing Unit
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT (3) Memory
the correct explanation of (A) (4) Output Device
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct 42. Given below are two statements:
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Statement I : Field notes are important for
Ans.(b): Geothermal fluids are rich in salts and prompting the ethnographer's memory and
hydrogen sulphide, oxygen (H2S) and oxides of nitrogen form much of the data for subsequent analysis.
(NO2). Geothermal provides some special energy but it
is also harmful to nature. The origin is mainly due to the Statement II : Research methods such as
radiation of potassium isotopes from Uranium, thorium qualitative interviewing are flexible, and are
in the Earth and the presence of material magma on the less disruptive of the work and personal lives of
liquid surface of the earth core liquid is re-introduced to both researchers and research participants.
the land by not flowing into rivers and ponds as it In the light of the above statements, choose the
would be if it was drained into rivers or ponds. If left most appropriate answer from the options
unchecked another source of pollution (water pollution) given below:
will start to arise. Hence both statement are true but (R) (a) Bothe Statement I and Statements II are correct
not explanation is (A).
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is Ans.(d):
incorrect List I List II
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct Energy Source Environmental Impacts
Ans.(a): Field notes allow the researcher to approach A. Wind Energy (III) Hazardous for birds
the subject during or after observing the specific and bats
organism and phenomenon they are studying and record B. Thermal Energy (I) Emission of Green
what they what do you see in a humble way? These House Gases
notes are important for eliciting the memory of the C. Hydroelectric Energy (II) Loss of riparian
ethnographer and provide much the data for subsequent vegetation
analysis. Qualitative interviewing is a research approach
used in qualitative studies where more personal D. Photovoltaic energy (IV) Production of toxic
interaction is required and detailed data is collected wastes
from the participant. Research methods such as 45 Match List I with List II
qualitative interviews are inflexible and disruptive to List I List II
the work and personal lives of both researchers and A. Formative I. The purpose is to
research participants. Evaluation check the aptitude of
43. Match List I with List II a candidate for the
List I List II course or subject.
Water Pollutant Example Entrance exam can
Type be conducted for the
A. Toxic I. Chlorine same.
Pollutant B. Placement II. It provides the
B. Nontoxic II. Protozoa Evaluation student with feedback
Pollutant regarding his/her
success or failure in
C. Macroscopic III. Benzene attaining the
Pollutant instructional
D. Pathogenic IV. Food cans objectives.
Pollutant C. Summative III. This evaluation
Choose the correct answer from the option Evaluation provides an
given below explanation for the
(a) A- III, B –I, C- II, D- IV possible causes for
(b) A- III, B- I, C- IV, D- II problems in learning
(c) A- II, B- I, C- IV, D- III D. Diagnostic IV. It is a method of
(d) A- I, B- II, C- III, D- IV Evaluation judging the worth of
Ans. (b) : a programme at the
List I List II end of programme
Water Pollutant Type Example activities
A. Toxic Pollutant (III) Benzene Choose the correct answer from the option
given below
B. Nontoxic Pollutant (I) Chlorine (a) A- I, B – II, C- III, D- IV
C. Macroscopic Pollutant (IV) Food cans (b) A- III, B- I, C- II, D- IV
D. Pathogenic Pollutant (II) Protozoa (c) A- II, B- I, C- IV, D- III
44. Match List I with List II (d) A- IV, B- II, C- I, D- III
List I List II Ans.(c):
Energy Source Environmental Impacts List I List II
A. Wind Energy I. Emission of Green House A. Formative (II) It provides the student with
Gases Evaluation feedback regarding his/her success or
B. Thermal II. Loss of riparian failure in attaining the instructional
Energy vegetation objectives.
C. Hydroelectric III. Hazardous for birds B. Placement (I) The purpose is to check the
Energy and bats Evaluation aptitude of a candidate for the course
D. Photovoltaic IV. Production of toxic or subject. Entrance exam can be
energy wastes conducted for the same.
Choose the correct answer from the option C. (IV) It is a method of judging the
given below: Summative worth of a programme at the end of
(a) A- IV, B – III, C- II, D- I Evaluation programme activities
(b) A- IV, B- II, C- I, D- III D. Diagnostic (III) This evaluation provides an
(c) A- III, B- I, C- IV, D- II Evaluation explanation for the possible causes
(d) A- III, B- I, C- II, D- IV for problems in learning
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Read the passage and answer questions from section in the society but with the passage of time what
46 to 50. is the demand public discussion or public discussion of
Reflected evaluation demands reasoning regarding gender-based inequalities in India. Over the years it has
relative importance, not just counting. This is an helped to awaken some such freedoms who did not get
exercise in which we are constantly engaged. To adequate approval earlier.
that general understanding has to be added the 47. The public discussion on gender inequalities
possible importance of public reasoning as a way makes us support:
of extending the reach and reliability to valuations (a) Time honoured family roles
and making them more robust. The necessity of
(b) Restrictive social roles
scrutiny and critical assessment is not just a
demand for self-centred evaluation by secluded (c) Deprivation of men in society
individuals, but a pointer to the fruitfulness of (d) Reforms in the present social value system
public discussion and of interactive public Ans.(d): Public discussion on gender inequalities can
reasoning : social evaluations may be starved of improve the present social value system public
useful information and good arguments if they are discussion and brainstorming can lead to a better
entirely based on separated and sequestered understanding of the role, reach and importance of
cogitation. Public discussion and deliberation cab particular activities and their combinations.
lead to better understanding of the role, reach and 48. The major take-away from the passage is :
significance of particular functionings and their
(a) Promotion of a capability system
combinations. To illustrate, public discussion of
gender-based inequalities in India has helped to (b) Separate social assessment of men and
bring out, in recent years, the importance of women
certain freedoms that did not receive adequate (c) Recognition of the traditional value system
acknowledgement earlier. Examples include the (d) Absurdity of a capability approach with a
freedom to depart from fixed and time honoured fixed list of weights
family roes that limit the social and economic Ans.(d): The main conclusion of this passage is the
opportunities of women, and women's. These futility of the capability approach with a fixed list of
traditional antecedents of gender inequality in weights. This is also mentioned here. That in social
will-established, male-dominated societies assessment it is necessary to emphasize the relationship
demand not only individual concern but also between the selection and filling of public reasoning
informative public discussion and often enough, and abilities.
agitation. the connection between public reasoning
and the choice and weighting of capabilities in 49. A robust and critical evaluation will result in:
social assessment is important to emphasize. If (a) Interactive public discussions
also points to the absurdity of the argument that is (b) Self-centered assessment
sometimes presented, which claims that the (c) Availability of useful information
weights on the distinct functionings in some fixed (d) Sequestered cogitation
list of relevant capabilities.
Ans.(a): Interactive public discussion is a vigorous and
46. Gender inequality in traditional societies
critical inequalities are evaluated. The need for such an
demands:
assessment is not only a self-centered assessment by
(A) Individual discourses only individuals living in solitude, but it is also an indicator
(B) Public discussions of the usefulness of public discussion and mutual public
(C) Limitation on opportunities argument.
(D) Agitation based on public resoning 50. Reflective evaluation takes into account:
Choose the correct option: (a) Subjective perception of public issues
(a) (A) and (B) only (b) Mere counting of societal developments
(b) (B) and (C) only (c) General understanding and public reasoning
(c) (B) and (D) only (d) Extensive arguments on inequalities
(d) (C) and (D) only Ans.(c): According to the present passage thoughtful
Ans.(c): On the basis of the appropriate passage more assessment takes care of gender understanding and
gender inequality in traditional societies and they public logic in common India. This is one such task
demand public discussion and public logic in the such in which a person is constantly busy. If calls for
movement based on public logic. In the passage, women not only calculation but also reasoning about substantial
were traditionally seen as a scrutinized and weaker relative importance.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 11 Nov., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table shows the number of student 3. The number of students leaving is approximately
admitted (A) and left (L) from the five different _______% of the number of students taking
colleges (P-T) during the years 2016-2021. Years of admission in College Q from the year 2016 to
foundation of all the five colleges is 2016. Based on 2021
the data in the table, answer the questions (1-5) : (a) 37 (b) 43
Year-wise Distribution of Students (c) 39 (d) 41
College P Q R S T Ans.(c):
Year↓ A L A L A L A L A L
Year Admitted Left
2016 2250 - 2100 - 2400 - 3200 - 3100 2016 2100 -
2017 660 440 900 500 840 460 880 500 700 450 2017 900 500
2018 580 420 650 430 800 500 800 520 760 460 2018 650 430
2019 690 400 570 420 720 450 790 440 820 440 2019 570 420
2020 760 500 600 380 680 480 840 450 880 420 2020 600 380
2021 700 460 680 440 820 560 920 480 850 430 2021 680 440
1. The number of students studying in Collage Q Total 5500 2170
till 2020 is 2170
(a) 3110 (b) 2890 %= ×100 = 39.45 ≃
5500
(c) 3090 (d) 3290
4. The average number of student studying in all
Ans.(c): No. of students studying in 2016 in college Q the five colleges (P-T) in the year 2018 is
= 2100 (a) 3168 (b) 3188
No. of students studying in 2017 in college Q (c) 3148 (d) 3388
= 900 - 500 = 400 Ans.(b):
No. of students studying in 2018 in college Q Years P Q R S T
= 650 - 430 = 220 2016 2250 2100 2400 3200 3100
No. of students studying in 2019 in college Q 2017 220 400 380 380 250
= 570 - 420 = 150 2018 160 220 300 280 300
No. of students studying in 2020 in college Q Total 2630 2720 3080 3860 3650
= 600 - 380 = 220 2630 + 2720 + 3080 + 3860 + 3650
Average =
∴ Total no of students studying in college Q till 2020 is 5
⇒ 2100 + 400 + 220 + 150 + 220 15940
= = 3188 Ans.
⇒ 3090 Ans. 5
2. If M and N represents the number of students 5. The percentage increase in the number of
in collage S and Q from 2017 to 2021 students studying in 2021 to that in 2016 is
respectively, then M-N = maximum for the college
(a) 830 (b) 790 (a) S (b) P
(c) 870 (d) 770 (c) T (d) R
Ans.(a): M = No. of students admitted in college S Ans.(d):
N = No. of students admitted in college Q College Total no. Students Increase
∴ M = 880 + 800 + 790 + 840 + 920 student studying till
= 4230 in 2016 2021
N = 900 + 650 + 570 + 600 + 680 P 2250 3320 1070
= 3400 R 2400 3810 1410
As per the question (M-N) S 3200 5440 1840
⇒ 4230 – 3400 T 3100 4910 1810
⇒ 830 Ans. Q 2100 3330 1230

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1070 8. Over the past 100 years, the estimated rise of
% increase in P = ×100 = 47.55% global sea level is by 10-25 cm or more. Which
2250
one of the following has maximum contribution
1840
% increase in S = ×100 = 57.5% in it?
3200
(a) Thermal expansion of ocean waters
1410
% increase in R = ×100 = 58.75% (b) Glacier and ice-cap melting
2400
(c) Greenland ice sheet thinning
1810
% increase in T = ×100 = 58.38% (d) Terrestrial water storage changes due to
3100 human activities
1230
% increase in Q = ×100 = 58.57% Ans.(a): Over the past 100 years, the estimated rise of
2100 global sea level is by 10-25 cm more. Thermal
∴ It is clear from the above data that the increase in expansion of ocean waters has contributed maximum in
college R is the Maximum. it. The warming of Earth is primarily due to
6. If a teacher needs to prepare a small animated accumulation of heat trapping greenhouse gases and
video related to his/her topic of teaching which more than 90 percent of this trapped heat is absorbed by
software will be appropriate?
the oceans. As this heat is absorbed, ocean temperatures
A. Mind mapping tools
rise and water expands. This thermal expansion
B. Animaker
contributes to an increase in global sea level.
C. Google Document
D. Pawtoon 9. Which of the following statements are sub-
E. Polleverywhere contraries?
Choose the correct answer from the options A. All nurses are caring human beings
given below: B. No nurses are caring human beings
(a) A and D only (b) A, C and D only C. Some nurses are caring human beings
(c) B, D and E only (d) B and D only
D. Some nurses are not caring human beings
Ans.(d): If a teacher needs to prepare a small animated
Choose the correct answer from the options
video related his/her topic of teaching, Animaker and
Pawtoon where software would be most appropriate. given below:
Animaker is a platform for beginners, professionals, (a) A and B only (b) A and D only
non designers to create animated and live action videos, (c) B and C only (d) C and D only
best suited for entrepreneurs, classroom story tellers,
Ans.(d):
content marketers poll everywhere is a dynamic online
platform which is an adaptable tool that is well suited to A - All nurses are caring human beings.
engaging audiences in active learning, gathering B - No nurses are caring human beings.
formative feedback and much more. C - Some nurses are caring human beings.
7. Which of the following ancient universities D - Some nurses are not caring human beings. In the
developed connection with viharas? above statement, statement C and D are sub contraries.
A. Nalanda
B. Valabhi 10. The National Knowledge Commission
C. Takshashila recommended the establishment of
D. Navadeep (a) 50 National Universities
E. Odantapuri (b) 50 technical universities
Choose the correct answer from the options (c) 50 universities of science education
given below: (d) 50 universities of yoga and naturopathy
(a) A and C only (b) A, C and D only
(c) A, B, C and E only (d) A, B and C only Ans.(a): The National knowledge Commission (NKC)
was a high level advisory body to the Prime Minister of
Ans.(c): Among the most reputed and renewed
university that has ever existed in ancient period was India, with the objective of transforming India into a
located at Takshashila, Nalanda, Valabhi, and knowledge society. The NKC recommendations on
odantapuri. These universities developed in connection higher education were submitted to the Prime Minister
with the viharas. Benaras Navdeep and Kanchi on 29th November 2006. The NKC recommended the
developed in connection with temples. In ancient period establishment of 50 National Universities along with the
the viharas were considered as the centres of higher reform of the education sector, research labs and
learning. intellectual property legislation.
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11. Give below are two statements Choose the correct answer from the options
Statement I: In communication, codes have given below:
never been neutral in their reception. (a) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Statement II: Codes always represent meanings,
reflecting partiality. (b) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
In light of the above statements, choose the (c) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
correct answer from the option given below. (d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Ans.(c): The correct match is as follows:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false List-I (Organizations) List-II (Domains)
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true A. NITTTR IV. Teacher Training
Ans.(a): Statement I - In communication codes have Programmes
never been neutral in their reception. This statement is
true as in the process of communication codes carry B. CEC III. Non-Technological
some meaning or they are contextual. They are not Undergraduate
neutral. Degree Programmes
Statement II - Codes always represent meanings, C. NPTEL II. Engineering UG and
reflecting partiality. This statement is also correct as
codes always carry some meanings which has to be PG Degree Programmes
conveyed to the listener. Therefore both the statements D. NIOS I. Out of School Children
are correct. Educational Programmes
12. The sequence of common elements into field of
14. If A's income is 40% less than B's income, then
experience as related to communication and
identified by Wilbur Schramm is: how much percent is B's income more than A's
A. Values income?
B. Language (a) 65.66 (b) 64.66
C. Attitudes (c) 66.66 (d) 55.66
D. Beliefs
Ans.(c): A's income B's income
E. Culture
Choose the correct answer from the options 60 100
given below ⇒ Incensement = 100 – 60
(a) A, B, C, D, E (b) B, E, C, D, A 40
(c) B, A, D, E, C (d) C, D, E, A, B ∴ Required % increase = ×100 = 66.66%
60
Ans.(b): The sequence of common elements in the field
of experience as related to communication and 15. What is the correct order of Risk assessment
identified by Wilbur Schramm is as follows- due to exposure of some chemicals to the
B - Language humans
E - Culture A. Dose Response Assessment
C - Attitudes
B. Exposure Assessment
D - Beliefs
A - Values. C. Risk Characterization
13. Match List-I with List-II D. Hazard Identification
List-I (Organizations) List-II (Domains) Choose the correct answer from the option
A. NITTTR I. Out of School given below.
Children (a) A, B, C, D
Educational (b) D, B, C, A
Programmes
(c) C, D, A, B
B. CEC II. Engineering UG
and PG Degree (d) D, A, B, C
Programmes Ans.(d): The correct order of Risk assessment due to
C. NPTEL III.Non- exposure of some chemicals to the humans are as
Technological follows:
Undergraduate D. Hazard Identification
Degree
Programmes A. Dose Response Assessment
D. NIOS IV. Teacher Training B. Exposure Assessment
Programmes C. Risk Characterization
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16. The average weight of 15 men is decreased by 2 19. In which mode of learning, learners participate
kg when one of the them whose weight is 70 kg in active discussion and get immediate
is replaced by a new man. What is the weight of feedback from the teachers?
the new man? (a) Synchronous mode of learning
(a) 35 (b) 45 (b) Asynchronous mode of learning
(c) 38 (d) 40 (c) Spatial mode of learning
Ans.(d): Let the new man's weight be K kg. (d) Relative mode of learning
As per the question- Ans.(a): In synchronous mode of learning , learners
15x + K − 70 participate in active discussion and get immediate
= x−2 feedback from the teachers. Synchronous classes run in
15
real time, with students and instructors attending
15x + K - 70 = 15x - 30
together from different locations. Whereas
K = 70 - 30 Asynchronous classes run on a more relaxed schedule,
K = 40 kg with students accessing class materials during different
17. Which of the following storage media from the hours and from different locations.
list A-E given below are optical storage media 20. Aeration process is effecienty used to remove
only? (a) Persistent Organic Pollutants
A. DVD RAM (b) Volatile Organic Compounds
B. Pen drive
(c) Metals
C. Magnetic tape
(d) Inorganic ions
D. SSD
Ans.(b): Aeration brings water and air in close contact
E. Blue-ray disc
in order to remove dissolved gases and to oxidize
Choose the correct answer from the options
dissolved metals, including, iron, hydrogen, sulfide and
given below:
volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Aeration is after the
(a) B, C and D only (b) A and B only
first major process at the treatment plant.
(c) D and E only (d) A and E only
21. Given below are two statements
Ans.(d): DVD RAM and Blue-ray disc is the optical
storage media among the given list A-E. Optical storage Statement I: Indian Logic makes a distinction
media is storage type in which data is written and read between deduction and induction.
with a laser. Data is written to optical media such as Statement II: Indian Logic studies thought as
compact discs (CDs) and (DVDs) digital versatile discs. such and not the forms of thought alone.
Blue ray discs are currently the fastest optical media in In light of the above statements, choose the
the market and provide much more capacity than CDs correct answer from the options given below
and DVDs. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
18. Which of the following are examples of (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
fraudulent use of the Internet? (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
A. Blogging (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
B. Booking a cinema ticket Ans.(d): Statement I- Indian logic makes a distinction
C. Pharming between deduction and induction. This statement is
D. Phishing false as deductive reasoning uses available facts,
Choose the correct answer from the options information or knowledge to deduce a valid conclusion.
given below: Whereas inductive reasoning involves making a
(a) A and B only (b) C and D only generalization from specific facts and observations.
(c) B and C only (d) A and D only Statement II- Indian Logic studies thought as such and
Ans.(b): Pharming and Phishing are examples of not the forms of thought alone. This statement is
fraudulent use of the internet. correct.
Pharming: is an online fraud that involves the use of 22. Find the next term in the series given below-
malicious code to direct victims to spoofed websites in 6, 13, 27, 55, 111?
an attempt to steal their credentials and data. (a) 333 (b) 166
Phishing: is a cyber crime in which a target is contacted (c) 223 (d) 222
by email, telephone or text message by someone posing
Ans.(c): The given number series is the following.
as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into
providing sensitive data such as personally identifiable
information, banking and credit card details and
passwords. ∴ ? = 223
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23. Which of the Ancient places of higher learning In light of the above statements, choose the
developed in connection with temples and correct answer from the options given below.
became centres of community life in the places (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
where they were situated? (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
A. Benaras (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
B. Navadeep (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
C. Odantapuri Ans.(c): Skill based education is focused on the idea
D. Kanchi that it may be learned letter if it is practiced in real life
E. Jagaddala is a true statement.
Choose the correct answer from the options Non-conventional higher education is totally based on
given below: the teaching learning activities that are offered on
(a) C and D only (b) A, B and D only campus with fixed time classes, it is a false statement.
(c) A and D only (d) A, B, C and E only 26. Simple interest on a certain sum of money at
Ans.(b): The Ancient places of higher learning the rate of 5% per annum for 4 years is Rs.
developed in connection with temples and became 800. What will be the compounds interest on
centres of community life in the places where they were the same sum for the same period and at same
situated. The Jataka tales accounts given by Xuan Zang rate of interest?
and I-Qing (Chinese scholar) as well as other sources (a) 850 (b) 840
tell us that kings and society took active interest in (c) 855 (d) 862
promoting education. As a result many famous
educational centres came into existence. Among the P×T×R
Ans.(d): S.I. =
most notable universities that evolved during this period 100
were situated at Takshashila, Nalanda, Valabhi, P ×5× 4
Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala. These ⇒ 800 = ⇒ P = 4000
100
universities developed in connection with the viharas. T
Those at Benaras, Navdeep and Kanchi developed in  R 
Amount = P 1 + 
connection with temples and became centres of  100 
community life in the places where they were situated. 4

24. Given below are the statements ∴ Amount = 4000 1 + 5  21 21 21 21

 = 4000 × × × ×
Statement I : Research questions are used more  100  20 20 20 20
in studies that do not focus on the statistical 4×194481
= = 4862.025 ≃ 4862
significance of results. 160
Statement II : Research questions normally C.I. = Amount - Principal
dominate the exploratory studies. = 4862 - 4000 = 862 Ans.
In light of the above statements, choose the
27. A teacher has created a spreadsheet of test
correct answer from the options given below.
marks of five students. She has written a
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
formula = HLOOKUP (B4, $D$1:$K$2, 2) in
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
cell C4 and copies this formula from cell C4 to
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false the range C5:C8. What values will be returned
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true by the formulae in the range C4:C8?
Ans.(a): Statement 1- Research question are used more A B C D E F G H I J K
in studies that do not focus on the statistical significance 1 0 9 1 1 2 3 4 4
of results. The statement is true. 4 9 7 3 0 7
2 U G F E D C B A
Statement II- Research question normally dominate the
3 Name Marks
exploratory studies. This statement is methodology
4 Anil 43 =HLOO
approach that investigates research questions that have KUP(B4,
not previously been studied in depth. Therefore $D$1:$K
statement I and II both are correct. $2, 2)
5 Amit 85
25. Given below are the statements 6 Varun 35
Statement I : Skill based education is focused on 7 Anita 20
the idea that it may be learned better if it is 8 Harish 10
practiced in real life. (a) A, C, E, G, and F respectively
Statement II : Non-conventional higher (b) B, C, E, G, and U respectively
education is totally based on the teaching-learning
(c) A, C, E, F, and U respectively
activities that are offered on campus with fixed-
time classes. (d) B, A, C, E, and G respectively

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Ans.(d): A teacher has created a spreadsheet of test Ans.(c): Assertion (A): States that the effects of history
marks of five students. She has written a formula = in a social research study can be fatal. This assertion is
HLOOKUP (B4, $D$1:$K$2, 2) in cell C4 and copies correct where as the Reason (R) states that various
this formula from cell C4 to the range C5:C8. The events that occur during a study may not affect the
values of B, A, C, E and 4 will be returned by the opinions and attitudes of respondents, is incorrect, as
formula in the range C4:C8 various events that occur during a study has a great
28. Communicative power is meaningful only in effect or impact on the opinions and attitudes of
the network of respondents.
(a) Social relations 31. National Disaster Management Authority
(b) Ethical resistance (NDMA) works under the aegis of
(a) Ministry of Earth Science (MoES)
(c) Restrictive freedom
(b) Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
(d) Political one up manship
(c) Ministry of Environment forest and Climate
Ans.(a): Communicative power is meaningful only in Change (MoEFCC)
the network of social relations. Social communication
(d) Department of Space-Indian Space Research
networks. In a social communication network, social
Organisation (ISRO)
actors are mostly person and the relationship between
Ans.(b): The National Disaster management authority
them is established for the purpose of communication.
(NDMA) is the apex statutory body for disaster
29. Which of the following are the means of control management in India. It was formally constitute on 27th
in experimental research? September 2006 in accordance with the Disaster
A. Controlling Physical Settings Management Act 2005 with Prime Minister as its
B. Choice of participants chairperson and nine other members. NDMA works
C. Statistical analysis under the aegis of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
D. Focusing on Short-term effects 32. Consider the number a, b, c and d with values
E. Sidetracking the causal factors 54, 71, 75 and 99 respectively. Find a number
Choose the correct answer from the options which may be subtracted from each of them
given below: a c
such that = .
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only b d
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, D and E only (a) 5 (b) 2
Ans.(a): Experimental research is considered as the (c) 3 (d) 4
'gold standard' in research designs which is also one of Ans.(c): Given that;
the most rigorous of all research designs. In this a = 54, b = 71, c = 75, d = 99
research one or more independent variables are As per the question:
manipulated by the researchers controlling physical Let x be subtracted from each
settings, choice of participants and statistical analysis
a -x c-x 54 - x 75 - x
are the means of control in experimental research. = ⇒ =
b-x d-x 71- x 99 - x
30. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
⇒ 54 × 99 - 54x - 99x + x2 =71 × 75 – 71x - 75x + x2
as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason
⇒ 54 × 99 - 153x = 71 ×75 - 146x
R.
Assertion A : The effect of history in social ⇒ 153x – 146x = 54 × 99 - 71 × 75
research study can be fatal., ⇒ 7x = 5346 - 5325
Reason R : Various events that occur during a 7x = 21
study may not effect the opinions and attitudes of 21
x= = 3 Ans.
respondents. 7
In light of the above statements, choose the 33. Which of the following statements are logically
most appropriate answer from the options equivalent?
given below. A. No S is P
(a) Both A and R is correct explanation of A B. No P is S
(b) Both A and R is the correct explanation of A C. All S are non-P
(c) A is correct but R is not correct D. All P are non-S
(d) A is not correct but R is correct E. No S is non-P
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Choose the correct answer from the options 36. In Microsoft Office Powerpoint, 'Smart Art'
given below: provides predefined sets of diagrams for users
(a) A, C and D only (b) A, B and C only to use. Which of the following are types of
(c) B, C and D only (d) A, B, C and D only diagrams provided by the Microsoft
Powerpoint Smart feature?
Ans.(b):
A. Layer
A - No S is P
B. Process
B - No P is S
C. Hierarchy
C - All S are non P
D - All non-P are non-S D. Cycle
E - No S is non-P E. Relationship
Among the above statement, statement A, B, C are Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
logically equivalent.
(a) A, B, C and D only (b) B, C, D and E only
34. Which of the following steps of inference
(c) C and D only (d) A, B and D only
state(s) the reason for the establishment of the
proposition according to the Classical Indian Ans.(b): In Microsoft office PowerPoint 'Smart Art'
School of Logic? provides predefined sets of diagrams for users to use.
A. The hill has fire The following are the types of diagrams provided by the
Microsoft PowerPoint smart art feature are as:
B. Because it has smoke
- Process
C. Whatever has smoke has fire e.g. oven.
- Hierarchy
D. This hill has smoke which is invariable
associated with fire. - Cycle
E. Therefore this hill has fire. - Relationship
Choose the correct answer from the options 37. According to UGC, which of the following are
given below: objectives of community colleges?
(a) C only (b) D and E only A. To provide skill based education to the
(c) B only (d) C and D only students of higher education.
Ans.(c): Option (b) because it has smoke, is the step of B. To make higher education relevant to the
learner and communities.
inference state(s) the reason for the establishment of the
proposition according to the classical Indian School of C. To provide vertical mobility for pursuers of
logic. higher education.
D. To open vista of employment.
35. The key features of the interaction model of
communication are: E. To train youngsters in traditional skill
sectors.
A. It is a two-way process.
Choose the correct answer from the options
B. The physical context of communication is
given below:
unimportant.
(a) A, B, C only (b) B, C, D only
C. The psychological context of communication
(c) C, D, E only (d) A, D, E only
is always taken into account.
D. Feedback is not a response to the message Ans.(a): According to UGC, the following are
received. objectives of community colleges-
E. It is less message-focused. A. To provide skill based education to the students of
higher education.
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: B. To make higher education relevant to the learner and
communities.
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
(c) A, C and E only (d) C, D and E only C. To provide vertical mobility for pursuers of higher
education
Ans.(c): The key features of the interaction model of
communication are- 38. A child has learnt many things in his or her
way with younger sibling by using physical
• It is a two way process
intimidation. If he/she uses the same tactics on
• The psychological context of communication is peer, this indicates
always taken into account. (a) Social learning (b) Assimilation
• It is less message focused. (c) Equilibrium (d) Accommodation
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Ans.(b): A child has learnt many things in his or her 42. The notion of categorical imperatives is a
way with younger sibling by using physical (a) Fragmented form (b) Social distinction
intimidation. If he/she uses the same tactics on peer, this (c) Moral law (d) Situational ethic
indicates Assimilation. Assimilation is the cognitive Ans.(c): The notion of categorical imperatives is a
process of making new information it in with your moral law. Kant defines categorical imperatives as
existing understanding of the world it is by this, we take commands or moral laws all persons must follows
in new information or experiences and incorporate them regardless of their desire or extenuating circumstances.
into our existing ideas. As morals, these imperatives are binding on everyone.
39. An empirical counterpart of a concept is called 43. Which of the following statements are correct
(a) Construct (b) Definition in this context of energy crops?
(c) Hypothesis (d) Variable A. They are fast growing plants
Ans.(d): An empirical counterpart of a concept is called B. They require specific season to grow
variable. In research, variable are any characteristics C. They necessary required fertile lands to
that can take on different, values, such as height, age grow
temperature or test scores. A variable is either a result D. They can be converted into gaseous and
of some force or is itself the force that causes a change liquid fuel
in another variable. In experiments, these are called E. They generally have high calorific value
dependent and independent variable respectively. Choose the correct answer from the options
40. Given below are the statements given below:
Statement I: Drupal is a paid software that (a) A, D and E only (b) A, B, C and D only
enables users to upload content to server. (c) B, C, D and E only (d) C, D and E only
Statement II: Joomla is a free an open-source Ans.(a): An energy crop is a plant grown as a low cost
content management system. and low -maintenance harvest used to make biofuels,
In light of the above statements, choose the most such as bioethanol or combusted for its energy context
appropriate answer from the options given below. to generate electricity or heat. Following statement are
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct correct in this context of energy crops:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are A. They are fast growing plants
incorrect D. They can be converted into gaseous and
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is liquid fuel
incorrect E. They generally have high calorific value
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is 44. Referential framing connect communication
correct media with
Ans.(d): Drupal is a free open source content (a) Fantasy world (b) Reality
management system (CMS) with a large, supportive (c) Self-regulation (d) Morality disruptions
community. Therefore statement 1 is incorrect. Ans.(b): Referential framing connects communication
Statement II says that Joomla is a free, open source media with reality. Framing is visible in many media
content management (CMS) which is correct as Joomla applications. Framing is referential only when it has
is a free open source website development and content reality such as in mass media communication, a frame
management system platform. defines the packaging of an element of rhetoric in such
a way as to encourage certain interpretations and to
41. Identify the formal fallacy committed in the
discourage others.
following argument:
"All communists are revolutionists. All 45. Match List-I with List-II
anarchist are revolutionists. Therefore all List-I (Input List-II (Use)
anarchists are revolutionists." Device)
(a) The fallacy of the undistributed middle A. Graphics Tablet I. To input data at an
(b) The existentialist fallacy information kiosk
(c) Illicit major B. Touch Screen II. To input data from
(d) Illicit minor a product in a
Ans.(*): "All communists are revolutionists. All supermarket (at a
anarchists are revolutionists. Therefore, all anarchists POS)
are revolutionists." The fallacy of the undistributed C. Bar Code Reader III. To input a PIN
middle is committed in the above argument. D. Numeric Keypad IV. To input freehand
Note: This question has been dropped by NTA. drawing

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Chooser the correct answer form the options Ans.(c): According to the passage unrefined empiricism
given below: made the malthusian views on population look
(a) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III inevitable.
(b) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV 47. Models relating to different variable of
(c) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II demography formed the basis of
(d) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III (a) Population distribution
Ans.(d): The correct match is as follows (b) Attempts to create new population concept
List-I (Input Device) List-II (Use) (c) Effect on poverty elimination
A. Graphics Tablet IV. To input freehand (d) Development policy formulation
drawing Ans.(d): As per the passage models relating to different
B. Touch Screen I. To input data at an variables of demography formed the basis of
information kiosk development policy formulation.
C. Bar Code Reader II. To input data from 48. The passage, in the final analysis suggests
a product in a (a) A new scientific management of population
supermarket (at a control
POS) (b) The study of demographic dividends in the
D. Numeric Keypad III. To input a PIN west
Read the passage and answer the given question (c) The rejection of all previous studies on
from 46 to 50. population control
The war on poverty earlier was intertwined with the (d) The linkage of racism, poverty and population
population problem. Statements and positions regarding with academic solutions
population began to proliferate. In many instances, a Ans.(a): The passage in the final analysis suggests a
crude form of empiricism was followed. It made new scientific management of population control.
Malthusian views and prescriptions inevitable. This is 49. The new tone of academic discussion was
despite the experts making serious attempts to related to
conceptualise the effect of demographic factors on
A. Economic growth and population control.
development models and theories were formulated
seeking to relate various variables and to provide a basis B. Resource mobilisation and output.
for policy and programe formulation. As the experience C. Racial factors and demography.
of the West suggested, it was hoped that population D. The pre-occupation of the west with
growth rates would begin to fall as the countries population control.
developed. But as many warned, countries could not wait Choose the correct answer from the options
for this process to occur. They should speed up the given below:
reduction of population has existed for several decades, (a) A and B
especially in relation to Asia. It was a central topic in
(b) B and C
discussion on race and racism. But the scale and form
(c) C and D
that the discussion took were new. The discussions held
in academic circle or in the ambit of the nascent (d) A and C
international organisations also had a new tone. They Ans.(d): According to the passage the new tone of
focused on topics such as relationship between economic academic discussion was related to:
growth and population control. They also discussed A. Economic growth and population control.
topics such as demographic experience of rich countries B. Racial factors and demography.
and its possible impact on poor nations. Now the need is
50. The western experience was that development
a new view of population, with new scientific and
would bring in
technological instruments to manage it.
(a) Racial equality
46. What made the Malthusian views on
population look inevitable? (b) Decrease in population
(a) War on poverty (c) The end of discussion on racism
(b) Proliferation of statements on population (d) International focus on Asia
(c) Unrefined empiricism Ans.(b): The western experience was that development
(d) Justification on unrelated grounds would bring in decrease in population.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 10 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: The following table shows the percentage (%) 3. The number of females working in university F
break-up of the employees working in six different is_____________% more than the number of
universities A, B, C, D, E AND F. The total number of transgenders working in the University A
employees in these six Universities is also given in the table. 4
Based on the data in the table, answer the questions: (a) 20 (b) 44
9
University-wise Distribution of Employees 1
Univers Total Number Percentage (c) 81 (d) 80
ity of Employees Males Females Transgender 3
A 2400 50% 37.5% 12.5% Ans.(c): Working women in university (F) =
B 4375 40% 36% 24% 40
C 2625 24% 56% 20% 1360 × = 544
D 6000 35% 25% 40% 100
E 4250 38% 30% 32%
working transgender in University (A)
F 1360 45% 40% 15% 12.5
= 2400 ×
1. The ratio of the number of males working in 100
university D to the number of females working 1
in university C is = 2400 ×
(a) 7 : 10 (b) 10 : 7 8
(c) 5 : 7 (d) 7 : 5 = 300
Ans.(b): Working person in University (D) – difference= 544 – 300
= 244
35
6000 × 244
100 difference = × 100
= 2100 300
working women in University (C) – 1
= 81
56 3
= 2625 × 4. The total number of transgenders working in
100 all the six universities is approximately –––––%
56 of the total numbers of females working in all
= 105 × the six universities
4
= 105 × 14 (a) 80 (b) 82
= 1470 (c) 78 (d) 83
D : C = 2100 : 1470 Ans.(a): Total working transgender in University -
= 30 : 21 1 24 1 40
= 10 : 7 = 2400 × +4375 × + 2625 × + 6000 ×
8 100 5 100
2. If M and N represent the numbers of females
working in Universities B and E together, and 32 15
+4250 × +1360 ×
the number of males working in universities C 100 100
and F together, respectively, then M–N = 3
(a) 1608 (b) 1512 ⇒ 300+175×6+525+2400+170×8+136 ×
(c) 1414 (d) 1710 2
⇒ 300+1050+525+2400+1360+204=5839
Ans.(a): Working women in University B and E Total working women in University =
36 30 3 36 56
= 4375 × + 4250 × ⇒ 2400 × +4375 × +2625 × +6000
100 100 8 100 100
= 175 × 9 + 1275 25 30 40
= 2850 × +4250 × + 1360 ×
working men in University 'C' and 'F' = 100 100 100
⇒ 900+1575+1470+1500+1275+544
24 45 = 7264
2625 × +1360 ×
100 100 5839
24 ⇒ %= ×100
= 105 × + 68 × 9 7264
4 583900
= 630 + 612 = 1242 ⇒
M – N = 2850 – 1242 7264
= 1608 = 80.38

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5. The numbers of transgenders is more than 500 in Choose the correct answer from the options
(a) All the six universities given below:
(b) Only tree universities A B C D
(c) Only two universities (a) (III) (I) (IV) (II)
(d) Only four universities (b) (IV) (I) (II) (III)
Ans.(d): Numbers of transgender in all University - (c) (IV) (III) (I) (II)
(D) (I) (IV) (I) (II)
1
A=2400 × = = 30 Ans.(c): Correct match of List I with List II
8 List I List II
24 (Factors of memory (Meaning)
B=4375 × = 1050
100 (a) Remembering (IV) The factor
1 responsible for
C=2625 × =525 modification of
5 behaviour
40 through training
D=6000 × =2400 and learning
100
(b) Retention (III) The factor
32 responsible for
E=4250 × =1360
100 preserving the
15 material learnt
F=1360 × =204 (c) Rcall (I) The mental
100 revival of the
only four Universities (B, C, D and E) the number of experiences
transgender more than 500 in each which have been
6. Find out the wrong number in the series given learnt
below (d) Recognition (II) The
6, 18, 90, 630, 6930, 83160 manifestation of
(a) 83160 (b) 6930 our general
(c) 90 (d) 630 retaining power
Ans.(a): The given number is as follows: 8. What are the limitations of employing online
focus groups?
(A) Easy access to conference sites can be set up.
(B) E-mail interviews with people in difference
time zones will be extremely participatory.
The next number is obtained by multiplying the first (C) Drop out may affect the date quality
number by an odd number.
(D) The approach is confined to the people who
So it is clear that the final number (83/60) is wrong. are willing to participate.
7. Match List I with List II: (E) External influences on participants can be
List I List II found
(Factors of (Meaning) Choose the correct answer from the options
memory) given below:
(a) Remembering (I) The mental (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
revival of the (c) (A), (B), (D) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
experiences Ans.(d): An online focus group is a method at data
which have been collection that enables the researcher to host a
learnt discussion between a number at respondents through an
(b) Retention (II) The online platform also Drop outs may affect the data
manifestation of quality. The approach is confined to the people who are
our general willing to participate and External influences on
retaining power participants can be found.
(c) Rcall (III) The factor 9. Which of the following are true of communication?
responsible for (A) Communication is inevitable.
preserving the (B) Communication is non-social.
material learnt (C) Communication in irreversible.
(d) Recognition (IV) The factor (D) Communication is cultural
responsible for (E) Communication is completely commercial.
modification of Choose the most appropriate answer from the
behaviour options given below :
through training (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (A), (C), (D) only
and learning (c) (A), (D), (E) only (d) (B), (C), (E) only

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Ans.(b): The true relation for communication concept is In the light of the above statements, choose the
communication is inevitable, communication in correct answer from the options given below :
irreversible, communication is cultural. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
10. Which of the following steps of inference as per (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
classical Indian school of logic involve (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
application of the universal concomitance to (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
the particular present case
(A) Socrates in mortal Ans.(a): A rigid application of ethical principles is not
possible in ethnographic research. In the principle at
(B) Because he is a man
informed consent is theoretical as pre-Information is
(C) Whoever is a man is a mortal e.g. Pythagoras
likely to affect the research finding, Both statement I
(D) Socrates is a man who is invariably a mortal and II are true.
(E) Therefore Socrates is mortal
14. A man walks 15 metres in the front and then 15
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below : metres to his right. Then every time turning to
his left, the man walks 5 metres, 20 metres and
(a) (A), (B), (E) only (b) (C) and (D) only
20 metres respectively. How far is the man
(c) (B) and (D) only (d) (D) only
from the starting point?
Ans. (d) : The steps of inference as par classical Indian (a) 15 metres (b) 5 metres
school logic involve application at the universal
concomitance to the particular presant case. Socrates is (c) 20 metres (d) 10 metres
a man who is invariable a mortal. In the philosophical Ans.(b): A – Initial point
thought man invariably a mortal. L – Final point
11. Which of the following are excluded in
scientific research?
(A) Empiricism
(B) Removal of errors
(C) Subjectivity
(D) Unethical practices distance between A to F
(E) Non-predictive inferences = BE – BC
Choose the correct answer from the options = 20 – 15
given below : =5m
(a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
15. Which of the following are the ancient treatises
(c) (C), (D), (E) only (d) (A), (C), (E) only
on the science of medicine?
Ans.(c): Scientific researches are studies that should be
(A) Carak Samhita
systematically planned before forming them
subjectivity, Unethical practices. Non-predictive (B) Sulva Sutras
inferences are not included in scientific research. (C) Susruta Samhita
Empiricism and Removal of errors are must be included (D) Yoga Sutras
in scientific research. Choose the most appropriate answer from the
12. HDMI ports allow output (both audio and options given below:
visual) from a computer to an HDMI-enabled (a) (B) and (D) only
device. HDMI is an acronym for (b) (B), (C) and (D) only
(a) Highly-Digital multimedia Interface
(c) (A) and (C) only
(b) High-Definition Multimedia interface
(d) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
(c) Highly-Digitized multimedia interface
(d) Highly-Digital multimedia instruction Ans.(c): Charak Samhita and Susruta Samhita are the
ancient treatises on the Science of medicine. Yoga
Ans.(b): HDMI-High-Definition Multimedia interface
sutras are yoga philosphy and sulva sutras are related to
13. Given below are two statements : Sanskrit treatises.
Statement I : A rigid application of ethical
16. Five years ago, the average age of A and B was
principles is not possible in
ethnographic research. 23 years. If today, average age of A, B and C is
27 years, what will be the age of C after 5
Statement II : The principle of informed
years?
consent is theoretical, as pre-
information is likely to affect the (a) 30 (b) 28
research findings. (c) 29 (d) 32
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Ans.(a): Lets current age at = A is A It the light of the above statements, choose the
= B is B correct answer from the options given below :
= C is C (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(A − 5) + (B − 5) (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Five year ago, = 23 (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is falsew
2
A–5+B–5=23×2 (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
A+B=46+10 Ans.(a): If a deductive argument is valid and its
A+B=56 premises are true and if an inductive argument is strong
and its premises are true then we can say that the
A+ B+C argument is sound and that it cogent. In the lights at
Second condition, =27
3 statements both statement are true.
A+B+C=27×3 20. Give below are two statements:
56+C=81 Statement I : An increase in CO2 is expected to
C=81-56 enhance global plant growth.
C=25 Statement II: Deforestation can increase the
After 5 years age of C = 25+5 biosphere's capacity.
=30 It the light of the above statements, choose the
17. Human beings are animals because as homo correct answer from the options given below :
sapiens we all evolved thousands of years ago". (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Which informal fallacy in committed in the (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
above argument? (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(a) Fallacy of composition and division (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(b) Fallacy of accident Ans.(c): Carbon dioxide is a chameical compound made
(c) False cause up of carbon and oyxgen atoms that each have one
(d) Red herring carbon atom coralently double bonded to two oxygen
Ans. (a) : "Human beings are animals because as homo atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature.
sapiens we all evolved thousands of years ago" in the Statement I. An increase in CO2 is expected to global
above argument are fallacy at composition and division. plant grouth are truth. Statement II Deforestation can
increase the bioshperes capacity are false.
18. Which of the following are micro-blogging
platforms? 21. Which of the following are common in both
(A) Pinterest Millinium Development Goals (MDGs) and
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
(B) eBay
(A) Zero hunger (B) Fife below water
(C) Tumblr
(C) No poverty (D) Life on earth
(D) Instagram
(E) Gender equality
(E) Twitter
Choose the correct answer from the options
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
given below:
(a) (A), (B) and (C) only
(a) (D) and (E) only
(b) (B), (C) and (D) only
(b) (C), (D) and (E) only
(c) (A), (D) and (E) only
(c) (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
(d) (A), (C) and (E) only
(d) (A), (B) and (C) only
Ans.(d): Zero hunger, No poverty and Gender equality
Ans.(c): Microblogging is an online broadcast medium
are equality that included in Millinium Development
that exists as a specific form at blogging. Pinterest,
Goals (MDGs) and sustainable Development Goals
tumblr, Instagram and twitter are micro-blogging
(SDGs).
platforms.
22. A child who feels it difficult to do a task alone,
19. Give below are two statements :
is able to do it better with the help of more
Statement I : If a deductive argument is valid skilled peers and adults. It is termed as :
and its premises are true, we say
(a) Accommodation
that the argument is sound.
(b) Zone of proximal development
Statement II: If an inductive argument is strong
and its premises are true, we say (c) Assimilation
that it is cogent (d) Equilibrium
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Ans.(b): A child who feels to do a task alone, is able to Ans.(a): Group Comparison is the domain at
do it better with the help at more skilled peers and application in thematic analysis.
adults that calls zone at proximal development. 27. Classroom communication is often referred to
23. Given below are two statements: as–––––––––––communication
Statement I: Communicative language is used (a) Indirect (b) Non-contiguous
by people to get sympathy, ignore (c) Contiguous (d) Amorphous
fellow travellers, placate or Ans.(c): Classroom communication is often referred to
embarras enemies and comfort as contiguous communication. Communication is a
friends. process that involves sending and receiving messages
Statement II: As a tool of communication through the verbal and non-verbal methods.
language suffers from emotional 28. Sectoral Skill Councils will be incubated by
loadings, polar words and fictitious (a) NITI Aayog
concepts.
(b) Indian Standards Council
In the light of the above statements, choose the (c) Union Department of Education
correct answer from the options given below:
(d) National Skill Development Corporation
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Ans.(d): Sectoral skill councils will be incubated by
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
National skill development corporation. NSDC is a non-
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false profit public limited company incorporated on July 31,
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is trueQ 2008. Under section 25 of the companies Act 1956.
Ans.(a): Communicative language is used by people to 25. Given below are two statements:
get sympathy. Ignore fellow, travelers, placate or Statement I : The Radhakrishnan Commission
embarras enemies and comfort friends. Emotional recommended to standardise
loading, polar words and fictitious concepts are also university teaching in India.
included in communication language so both statement Statement II: The Radhakrishnan Commission
I and II are true. also suggested the establishment
24. When a communicated message is based on of an All India University
reference to another, it is called Examination Board.
(a) Meta message In the light of the above statements, choose the
(b) Sourced message correct answer from the options given below :
(c) Referential message (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(d) Ancillary message (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Ans.(a): When a communicated message is based on
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
reference to another that called Meta massage.
Ans.(c): Radha Krishnan commission (1947) was a
25. Given below are two statements: commission set up to look in to the condition at Indian
Statement I : A DVD or CD using the letter university Education and suggest improvements and
'R' indicates that it is Read only. extensions that may help in improving university
Statement II: Web browsers are used to allow education. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
a user to gain access to the Radha Krishnan Commission does not suggested the
internet. establishement of an all India university examination
In the light of the above statements, choose the board.
correct answer from the options given below : 30. Which of the following propositions are
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true logically equivalent to 'No women are dishonest
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false human beings':
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (A) No dishonest human beings are women
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (B) All women are non-dishonest human beings
Ans.(b): A DVD or CD using the letter 'R' indicates (C) No women are non-dishonest human beings
Recordable. A web browser takes you anywhere on the (D) All non-women are non-dishonest
internet. It retrieves information from other parts at the Choose the correct answer from the options
web and display it on your desktop or mobile device. given below:
Hence both statement I and II are false. (a) (A) and (B) only (b) (C) and (D) only
26. The domain of application in thematic analysis (c) (A) and (C) only (d) (A),(B) and (C) only
is Ans.(a): No dishonest human beings are women, all
(a) Group comparison (b) Discourse revision women are non-dishonest human being are logically
(c) Text integration (d) Visual aesthetic equivalent to 'No women are dishonest human beings.

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31. In online mode of teaching a teacher added the Ans.(b): The National portal for trainers and assessors,
reading material (Word-DOC, PPTs, E-content and initiative by National skill development corporation
etc) on e-platform. Which option the students is called Takshashila.
would choose? 36. Match List I with List II:
(a) Mind mapping tools
(b) Inventory control system List I List-II
(c) Learning management system (Question) (Value)
(d) Assessment tools
(A) What hexadecimal (I) 8
Ans.(c): In the online mode of teaching a teacher added value is obtained
the reading material (word-DOC, PPTs, E-content etc.) when the two
on e-platform students selected learning management hexadecimal digits
system. C and D are added
together?
32. If A is 20% of C and B is 25% of C, then what
percent is A of B' (B) What is the denary (II) 19
(a) 60% (b) 80% (base-10) value of
(c) 70% (d) 50% the binary number
: 00100100
20
Ans.(b): If C = 100 (Then) A = ×C (C) Number of seconds (III) 30
100
to transfer a 2
20 megabyte file over
= × 100 = 20
100 a 2 megabits per
25 second internet
B= ×C connection
100
(D) If 1 gigabyte = 2p, (IV) 36
25
= × 100 = 25 then what is the
100 value of P?
(when) B = 25, A = 20
Choose the correct answer from the option
Then according to the question, requird given below :
20
percantage = ×100 (a) (A)- (III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
25
= 80% (b) (A)- (II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
33. Which of the following is an ancient treatise on (c) (A)- (IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
mathematics? (d) (A)- (II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(a) Nyaya Sutras
(b) Samkhya Karika Ans. (b)
(c) Samkhya pravacana sutas List I List
(d) Sulva sutras (Question) II
Ans.(d): Sulve Sutras is an ancient treatise on (Valu
mathematics. e)
34. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3:5:7 and the
(A) What hexadecimal value is – 19
sum of these numbers is 975, find the three obtained when the two
numbers hexadecimal digits C and D are
(a) 195, 315, 465 (b) 185, 885, 455 added together?
(c) 175, 345, 455 (d) 195, 325, 455
(B) What is the denary (base-10) – 36
Ans.(d): Given Ratio = 3 : 5 : 7 and its sum = 3 + 5 + 7 = 15 value of the binary number :
3 5 7 00100100
∵ Number% = × 975 , × 975 , × 975
15 15 15 (C) Number of seconds to transfer a – 8
= 195, 325, 455 2 megabyte file over a 2
35. The national portal for trainers and assessors, megabits per second internet
and initiative by national skill development connection
corporation is called. (D) If 1 gigabyte = 2p, then what is – 30
(a) Nalanda (b) Takshashila the value of P?
(c) Vikrama (d) Patanjali
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37. Match List I with List II: In the light of the above statements, choose the
List-I List-II most appropriate answer from the options
(Pollutants) (Health given below:
Effects) (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(A) Carbon (I) Allergenic (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
monoxide (CO)
incorrect
(B) Nitrogen (II) Carcinogenic (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
dioxide (NO2) incorrect
(C) Volatile (III) Asphyxiant (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
Organic correct
Compounds
(VOCs) Ans.(a): In MOOC's the word Massive means that there
(D) Ozone (O3) (IV) Blue baby- can be huge number at learners who can enroll for the
syndrome course and MOOC involves the use of ICT to make
education accessible to students located in remote areas.
Choose the correct answer from the option
given below : are who are unable to reach conventional classrooms.
(a) (A)- (III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I) Both statements I and II are truth.
(b) (A)- (III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) 41. Which of the following are examples of
(c) (A)- (I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV) secondary air pollutants?
(d) (A)- (I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) (A) Sulphate
Ans. (a) (B) Nitric Oxide (NO)
List I List II (C) Photochemical smog
(Pollutants) (Health Effects) (D) Peroxy Acetyl Nitrate (PAN)
(A) Carbon monoxide (CO) – Asphyxiant (E) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
(B) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) – Blue baby- Choose the most appropriate answer from the
syndrome options given below :
(C) Volatile Organic – Carcinogenic (a) (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
Compounds (VOCs) (b) (C), (D) and (E) only
(D) Ozone (O3) – Allergenic (c) (B), (C), (D) only
38. Which one of the following developmental (d) (A), (C) and (D) only
areas of individual differences will be affected, Ans. (d) : Sulphate, Photochemical smog and peroxy
if a child does not want to play with other
children as he/she feels shy? Acetyl Nitrate (PAN) are secondary air pollutants.
(a) Physical development 42. Non-verbal communication is mostly
(b) Emotional development (A) Descriptive
(c) Social development (B) Aggressive
(d) Language development (C) Involuntary
Ans.(c): If a child does not want to play with other (D) Contextual
children as he/she feels shy. He affected his/her social
development. (E) Symbolic
39. Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis Choose the most appropriate answer from the
powered by option given below:
(a) Energy from thermal power plan (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
(b) Renewable sources of energy (c) (A), (D), (E) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
(c) Nuclear energy
Ans. (d) : Non-verbal communication is mostly
(d) Lead battary
involuntary, contextual and symbolic.
Ans.(b): Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis
powered by Renewable sources of energy. 43. An email message has been sent from A to B, C,
40. Given below are two statements: D, E and F with the fields as shown below :
Statement I : In 'MOOCs' the word 'Massive' From : A
means that there can be huge To : B
number of learners who can Cc : C, D
enroll for the course., Bcc : E, F
Statement II : MOOC involves the use of ICT
Which one of the following statements is
to make education accessible to
TRUE?
students located in remote areas
(a) F does not know that C was sent the message
or who are unable to reach
conventional classrooms. (b) C does not know that D was sent the message.
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(c) E done not know that F was sent the message. degrees ad measure how likely we think something to
(d) D does not know that B was sent the message. be true. The evidence we gather should influence
Ans. (c) : these degrees of belief. The character of evidence
From : A makes us confident. We can use a branch of
probability theory to map out a precise relationship
To : B
between what we observe and what we ought to
Cc : C, D
believe. A formula, known as Bayes' rule allows you
Bcc : E, F to calculate your degree of belief or credence. This is
In Number series E does not know that F was sent the after learning of some evidence that takes into
message. account what you believed before you saw the
44. Given below are two statements: evidence. Bayes' rule is a unique and rational way to
Statement I : Verbal form is an integral part update your beliefs.
of the inference according to 46. Bayes' rule can be used to calculate the
clasical Indian schools of logic. relationship between
Statement II : Classical Indian school of logic (a) Past and present theories
distinguishes between induction (b) Observation and belief
and deduction as separate
(c) Rationality and uniqueness
inferential processes.
(d) Credence and disbelief
In the light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options Ans.(b): Bayes rule can be used to calculate the
given below : relationship between observation and belief.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct 47. The relationship between degrees of belief and
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are truth is made possible by
incorrect (a) Actions initiated
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is (b) Confidence acquired
incorrect (c) Imagination of individuals
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is (d) Evidence available
correct
Ans.(d): The Relationship between degrees of belief
Ans. (b) : Statement I: Verbal form is an integral part of
and truth is made possible by Evidence available.
the inference according to classical Indian school of
logic are not truth. Classical Indian school of logic 48. The main theme of the passage is
distinguishes between induction and deduction as (a) Changing nature of beliefs
separate inferential processes are also false. So both (b) Importance of the theory of Newton
statement I, II are incorrect. (c) Mapping of probability theory
45. In participant observation, the researcher has (d) Centrality of human confidence in updating
to act as a truth
(a) Profesional organiser Ans. (a) : The main theme of the passage is changing
(b) Professional stranger nature of beliefs.
(c) Professional publicist
49. The gravitational theory of Newton helped
(d) Cultural agent
(a) Man to go to the moon
Ans. (b) : In participant observation the researcher has
(b) To locate the stares and planets
to act as a professional stranger.
(c) To know the solar model
Read the passage and answer questions:
(d) To understand the satellite designs
On reflection scientists have rejected many past
theories. It is also true that those theories were highly Ans. (a) : The gravitational theory of Newton helped to
effective within the contexts that they had been Man to go to the moon.
developed and tested. The old earth-centred model of 50. What is true in case of past theories rejected by
the solar system was supremely accurate to predict today's scientists?
locations of stars and planets. Even now Newton's law (a) Past theories were untenable
of gravity is used to calculate satellite trajectories and (b) They were untested.
go to the moon. Beliefs are made on the basis of (c) They were true in the context of testing them
evidence on hand. Philosophers and statisticians have (d) They were rejected because of their
over a period time, developed thinking ways about inaccuracy.
the relationship between belief, action and evidence Ans.(c): Past theories rejected by todays Scientists.
that captures this preagmatism. Beliefs come in Because they were true in the context at testing them.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 10 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

1. The following table shows the percentage (%) 3. Adult population of City B and City C together
distribution of the total population of six cities A- as a percentage of the population of all six cities
F and percentage (%) of adult population among together is approximately
them. The population of city A is 257400. (a) 18% (b) 21%
(c) 25% (d) 27%
City-Wise Distribution of population
Ans.(b): Total population of all the (A-F) six cities
City (%) Distribution of (%) Adult = 1100000
Population Population of city B and city C ⇒
A 23.4% 77% 1100000 × 216
B= = 237600
B 21.6% 68% 1000
C 8.4% 73% 1100000 × 84
C= = 92400
D 18.9% 75% 1000
E 17.5% 69% Adult population of city B and city C→
237600 × 68
F 10.2% 72% B= = 161568
100
Non-adult population of City F is 92400 × 73
(a) 33448 (b) 32040 C= = 67452
100
(c) 30102 (d) 31416 total adult population of cities B and C = 161568 +
Ans. (d) : The population of city A = 257400 67452 = 229020
257400 × 1000 Adult population of cities B and C as a percentage of
The total population of city (A-F) = the population of all six cities together →
234
229020 × 100
= 1100000 = = 20.82%
1100000
1100000 × 102 or = 21%
The population of city F =
1000 Hence, (b), 21% is correct option.
= 11220 4. Adult population of City C is
112200 × (100 − 72 ) (a) 67452 (b) 68264
Non-adult population of city F = (c) 66266 (d) 63268
100 Ans. (a) : Total population of all the six cities (A-F)
112200 × 28 = 1100000
=
100 1100000 × 84
Population of city C = = 92400
= 1122 × 28 1000
= 31416 92400 × 73
Adult population of city C = = 67452
2. Population of City A as a percentage of 100
population of city D is, approximately; 5. Population of City D is approximately ____
(a) 118% (b) 124% more than the population of City E.
(c) 125% (d) 127% (a) 8% (b) 10%
(c) 14% (d) 16%
Ans. (b) : The population of city A = 257400 Ans. (a) : Total population of cities (A-F) = 1100000
1100000 ×189 1100000 ×189
The population of city D = Population of city D = = 207900
1000 1000
=1100 × 189 1100000 × 175
= 207900 Population of city E = = 192500
1000
The population of city A as a percentage of city D Difference in population D and E = 207900–192500
257400 × 100 = 15400
= = 123.8095% 15400 × 100
207900 So = = 8%
= or = 124% 192500
Population of D is 8% more than the population of city E.
Hence, 124% is correct option
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6. Which logical informal fallacy is committed in 8. Match List I with List II
the following argument? List-I List-II
"The maths teacher said that there was to be
no talking during the test. So it is fair that Discipline Focus of Communication
Chandni had points deducted for asking to go Process
the washroom because she felt sick". A. Anthropology I. Motivation
(a) Appeal to force B. Sociology II. System
(b) Appeal to emotion C. Psychology III. Culture
(c) Appeal to authority
D. Management IV. Society
(d) Fallacy of accident
Choose the correct answer from the option
Ans. (d) : A logical fallacy is the error to make our given below :
argument less effective. This is of two types- formal (a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
logical fallacy and informal logical fallacy. (b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
In an argument under an appeal to force fallacy one (c) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
imposes some of reprisal on the listener if she or he (d) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
disagrees. Manipulation comes under an appeal to
emotion fallacy. A false authority as evidence is Ans. (b) :
appealed or claimed to be true in an appeal to authority. List- I List II
Fallacy of an accident is when a general rule is applied A- Anthropology (iii) Culture
to a case where rules are inapplicable. In Chandni's case B- Sociology (iv) Society
rule was not to be applicable so it is termed under C- Psychology (i) Motivation
fallacy of accident. D- Management (ii) System
7. A certain sum of money on a certain annual 9. Given below are two statements
rate of interest becomes `1008 in 2 years and Statement I : The contents of most forms of
1 RAM are volatile, thus making them unsuitable
`1164 in 3 years, Find the sum and the
2 for long term data storage.
annual rate of interest. Statement II : Hard disk has faster access of
(a) 800, `12% (b) 875, `12.5% data in comparison to RAM as well as
processor registers.
(c) 850, `12% (d) 800, `13% In light of the above statements, choose the
Ans. (d) : Let the sum of money = P correct answer from the options given below.
And annual rate of interest = r (a) Both Statements I and Statements II are true
P×r×2 (b) Both Statements I and Statements II are false
In 2 years ⇒ P + = 1008 (c) Statements I is true but Statements II is false
100
(d) Statements I is false but Statements II is true
⇒ 100 p + 2pr = 100800 ..........(i)
Ans.(c): RAM is volatile so it's unsuitable for long term
1 7 P×r×7 data storage.
In 3 or year ⇒ P + = 1164
2 2 200 RAM as well as processor registers have faster data
⇒ 200 P + 7pr = 232800 ........... (ii) access as compared to hard disk and ROM. Statement I
is correct but statement II is incorrect.
Now by subtracting - 100 P + 2pr = 100800 (i)
10. Population census can be an example of
- 200p + 7pr = 232800 (ii)
(a) Historical study (b) Case Study
(c) Longitudinal Study (d) Experimental Study
Ans.(c): The population census stands under the
longitudinal study. Under the longitudinal study a
240000 research is conducted over an extended period of time.
P= = 800 It is used in surveys to collect data that is quantitative or
300 qualitative.
So, sum of money is `800 11. Which of the following are the key features of
800 × r × 2 linear model of communication?
and rate is = (1008 − 800 ) (A) One-way communication
100
16r = 208 (B) Manipulated feedback
(C) Absence of noise
208
r= = 13% (D) Used for mass communication
16
(E) Sender-centric communication
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Choose the correct answer from the options In light of the above statements, choose the
given below: most appropriate answer from the options
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only given below
(c) A, D and E only (d) A, D and E only (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Ans.(d): Liner model of communication is the way in (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
which one person sends a message and another person (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
receives the message. It is one directional movement of incorrect
communication and that do not considers any feedback. (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
This is also known as one-way communication. All the correct
mass communication come under it if is a sender -
centric communication hence option (d) correct. Ans.(c): Though the Pesticides such as DDT (Dichloro
Diphenyl Trichloroethane) are applied to increase crop
12. Which of the following pollutants is considered productivity. But due to access of time the extensive use
as surrogate for eye irritation? of these pesticides get accumulated in plant parts, water,
(a) Nitrogen dioxide soil and air and finally enter food chain, thereby they
(b) Sulphur dioxide become threat to the human beings. They are soluble, in
(c) Carbon monoxide water. The pesticides consisting organochlorine are
(d) Ozone considered persistent because they are stable in the
environment and resist being broken down.
Ans.(d): Ozone (O3) is the layer in stratosphere.It is the
protective shield from the harmful rays (UV) of the sun. Hence statement (A) is true and (R) is wrong.
But Ozone (O3) in Tropsphere is harmful to human 15. In communication, the test of parsimony will
being. It causes chest pain, coughing, eye/throat have the element of
irritation and congestion. Nitrogen dioxide causes lung (a) Logical simplicity
disease.
(b) Complex validity
13. If 'BEAUTIFUL' is coded as 'ADZTSHETK' in (c) Susceptible generalisability
some coding scheme, then how will
'HANDSOME' be coded in the same scheme? (d) Abstraction
(a) GBMETOLD (b) GZMCRNLD Ans.(a): In communication, the test of primary should
(c) IZMCRPNF (d) IBMCTPNF have the element of logical simplicity. Parsimony is the
method of communication that suggests that all the
Ans. (b) : things being equal, that one should prefer the simplest
possible explanation for a phenomenon or the simplest
possible solution to a problem.
16. A teacher can have a satisfying teaching profession
when she/he
(a) is more qualified than his/her colleagues
(b) is close to higher authorities
(c) has good control over the students
(d) commands respect from the students
Ans.(d): A teacher can have a satisfying teaching
profession when she/he gets respect from the students
through the best methods of her/his teaching.
17. Which of the following are broad functions of
an Operation System in computers?
(A) Handling of files and folders
(B) Converting from high-level language to low-
level language
(C) Interfacing between user and hardware
Hence, option (b) is correct.
(D) Helping to run application software
14. Given below two statments
Choose the correct answer from the options
Statement I: Pesticides such as DDT are
given below
particularly disruptive to food chains.
(a) A, C and D only (b) B, C and D only
Statement II: Pesticides are very persistent and
soluble in water. (c) A and C only (d) A, B, C and D

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Ans.(a): The primary function of an operating system 21. Which of the following scales of measurement
(OS) is to manage files and folders. It acts as a is synonymous to ranking or ordering?
communication bridge or interfaces between the user an (a) Nominal scale (b) Ordinal scale
computer hardware. It provides coordination among the (c) Interval Scale (d) Ratio Scale
hardware's. It also helps to run the application
software's. Compiler or interpreter is used to convert Ans.(b): An ordinal scale is a measurement scale that is
high-level language to low level-language. used for ordering and ranking of the data without
actually establishing the degree of variation between
18. Match List I with List II them. Numbers in Nominal scale work as labels to
List I List II identify a object. Interval scale is used to measure the
data between two points of equal distance. Ratio scale is
OBVERTEND OBVERSE quantitative in nature.
A. All S is P I. Some S is non-P 22. Which of the following is a graphical tool for
organising and representing knowledge?
B. No S is P II. No S is non-P
(a) Concept maps (b) Lesson plan
C. Some S is P III. All S is non-P (c) Summary (d) Diagram
D. Some S is not P IV. Some S is not non-P Ans.(a): Concept maps are used for the visual
Choose the correct answer from the options representation to enrich student's understanding of new
given below: concept. It helps the students to organize new
information.
(a) A-I, B-III, C- IV, D-II
23. Match List I with List II
(b) A-II, B-III, C- I, D-IV
(c) A-II, B-III, C- IV, D-I List I List II
(d) A-III, B-II, C- IV, D-I Ethical issue in Description
Ans.(c): Information
Technology
List- I List-II
OBVERTEND OBVERSE A. Privacy I. Resposibility data
collector to ensure
A. All S is P (ii) No S is non-P accuracy
B. No S is P (iii) All S is non-P
B. Accuracy II. Responsibility of data
C. Some S is P (iv) Some S is not non-P collector to control access
D. Some S is not P (i) Some S is non-P
C. Property III. Collection and use of
19. If the statement, 'All human beings are mortal' data about individuals
is given as true, which of the following can be
inferred from it to be true? D. Accesibility IV. Data ownership and
Software Usage Rights
(a) Some human beings are mortal
(b) No mortals are non-human beings Choose the correct answer from the option
(c) Some non-mortals are human beings given below.
(d) Some non-human beings are not mortal (a) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Ans. (a) : If the statement, All human beings are mortal (b) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
is given as true then some human beings are mortal can (c) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
be inferred from it to be true. (d) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
20. The average of prime numbers between 1 and Ans.(a):
20 is :
List-I List-II
(a) 9.525 (b) 8.625
(c) 9.625 (d) 8.525 Ethical issue in Description
Information
Ans.(c): Prime number is the number that can be Technology
divided by itself and 1 (example- 2, 3, 5, 7...) 1 is not
prime because it is divided by itself only. A. Privacy III. Collection and use of
data about individuals
prime numbers between 1 and 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19 B. Accuracy I. Responsibility of data
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 collector to ensure accuracy.
average =
8 C. Property IV. Data ownership and
software usage right
77
= = 9.625 D. Accessibility II. Responsibility of data
8
collector to control access.
Hence option (c) is correct.

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24. Given below are two statements Statement II : Energy density of biodiesel is
Statement I : Exploratory reasearch is much less than that of ethanol.
conducted for data indications. In light of the above statements, choose the
Statement II : The goal of exploratory correct answer from the options given below.
reasearch is to gather or find data to find out (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
casuality (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
In light of the above statements choose the incorrect
correct answer from the options given below (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
incorrect Ans.(c): Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable fuel
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is manufactured domestically from vegetable oils, animal
incorrect feeds, or recycled restaurant grease. The encouragement
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is of use of biodiesel will reduce the use of or petroleum
correct that emits gasoline, which is the main product of
sulphur. Energy density of Biodiesel (38 Mega joule/kg)
Ans.(c): Exploratory research is a research to is higher than that of Ethanol (26.8. Mega joule/kg).
investigate a problem, understand it well and find data
to solve it. Through the exploratory research only the 28. Which of the following statements are true
regarding Nyaya logic
data are collected but not the final data.
(A) Inference is from the universal to the
25. Which of the following statements is/are particular only
correct?
(B) Inference is from the particular to the
A. Digital governance has been legalized by IT universal only
Act (2000) in India.
(C) Inference is from the particular to the
B. IT Act is a watershed in conceptualizing particular only
administrative reforms in India.
(D) Inference is from the particular through the
C. Digital governance is a boon in curbing universal
bureaucratic red-tapism Choose the correct answer from the options
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
given below: (a) D only (b) A only
(a) B and C only (b) only (c) A and B only (d) B and D only
(c) A and C only (d) A, B and C
Ans.(a): Nyaya logic is one of the six astika schools of
Ans.(d): It was the IT Act, 2000 through which it was India philosophy. Sant Akshapad Gautam is the
to promote efficient delivery of Government services by originator logic which is one of the most important and
means of reliable electronic records. This Act plays an ancient philosophy. Inference is from the particular to
prominent role in administrative reform and it is the the particular through the universal. This statement is
way to control bureaucratic red-tapism. This Act 2000 true regarding Nyaya logic.
was enacted in june 2000. 29. Which of the following are included in a
26. Find the next term in the series given below reasearch article?
4, 16, 8, 64, 12, 256, 16, 1024, 20, ? (A) Introduction
(a) 4096 (b) 24 (B) Data
(c) 320 (d) 4100 (C) Data analysis and results
Ans. (a) : (D) Foreward
(E) Letter of recommendation
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
So, 1024 × 4 = 4096 (c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only
Hence (a) is correct option. Ans.(a): A research article includes mainly eight parts
27. Given below are two statements as title, introduction, Literature review, research
methodology, Data analysis, Result, conclusion and
Statement I : Biodiesel can reduce Sulphur Reference page.
emissions significantly in comparison to
gasoline Hence (a) is the correct option.

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30. The substance that slows down the neutrons to Ans.(c): Inference about the Nyaya thought Inferring
have controlled chain reaction during nuclear future rain from the dark clouds and inferring past rain
energy production is called as from the swift muddy water in the river is based on
(a) Controller (b) Inhibitor causation according to Nyaya.
(c) Moderator (d) Reducer 34. An analysis of the subject's life for meaning has
Ans.(c): The moderator is used in chain reaction during the focus of
nuclear energy production for slowing down the (a) Structuralism (b) Pragmatism
neutrons to control the reaction. Mainly heavy water, (c) Sociology (d) Phenomenology
light water and graphite are used as moderators.
Ans. (d) : An analysis of the subjects life for meaning
31. If the selling price of 10 articles is equal to the has the focus of phenomenology.
cost price of 15 articles, what is the profit
percentage? 35. Given below are two statements
(a) 50 (b) 40 Statement I : Global warming could lead to
(c) 45 (d) 33.33 increased release of the greenhouse gas,
Methane.
Ans.(a): SP of 10 articles = `10
Statement II : There is a large amount of
So, SP of 1 article = `1 Methane currently frozen in the permafrost in
cp of 15 article = `10 the far northern regions of the world
10 In light of the above statements, choose the
So, cp of 1 article = most appropriate answer from the options
15
given below
10 5 1
gain = 1− = = (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
15 15 3
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
1 15 incorrect
gain% = × ×100
3 10 (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
100 incorrect
= = 50%
2 (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
Hence, (a) is the correct option. correct
32. In the Four-Quadrant format of MOOCs, Ans.(a): Greenhouse gases such as Methane cause
which of the following facilitates interactions global warming. These gases are generated by activities
amongst learners and course coordinators? such as livestock production, agricultuere, sewage
(a) Videos (b) Assessments treatment, natural gas and oil distribution. Further the
global warming can cause more Methane gas to be
(c) Reading material (d) Discussion forum
generated, Permafrost is ground which remains at
Ans.(d): In the four-Quadrant format of MOOCs temperature below 0°C for at least two consecutive
discussion forum facilitates interactions amongst years. A research has revealed that there is a deep
learners and course coordiantors. geologic methane generating from warming permafrost
33. Which of the following inferences are based on and reducing glaciers in northen region of the world.
causation according to Nyaya view of 36. The expenditure on the research and
inference? innovation in India, at present is only_____%
(A) Inferring future rain from the dark clouds of GDP.
(B) Inferring past rain from the swift muddy (a) 0.20% (b) 0.69%
water in the river (c) 1.31% (d) 2.14%
(C) Inferring cloven hoofs of an animal by its
horns Ans.(b): India spends almost 0.7 of GDP on research
and innovation as according to the index 2021.
(D) When we infer somebody's existence outside
of his house since the person is not So, option (b) is correct.
concurrently present in his house 37. Which of the following are the characteristics
Choose the correct answer from the options of case study research?
given below: (a) It is simulated in a laboratory
(a) A and C only (b) It is particularistic
(b) C and D only (c) It is descriptive
(c) A and B only (d) It is inductive
(d) B and C only (e) It is disruptive

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Choose the correct answer from the options 40. Who among the following was the Chairperson
given below: of the Committee setup by the National Council
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only for Women Education in 1962 to examine the
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only differentiation of curriculum for boys and girls
at all stages of education?
Ans.(b): Characteristics of case study research are
(a) Bhaktavatsalam
particularistic, descriptive and inductive.
(b) Hansa Mehta
38. Match List I with List II
(c) Durgabai Deshmukh
List I List II (d) Margaret Cousins
Educational Agencies Educational Domains Ans.(b): Hansa Mehta was the chairperson of the
(Acronyms) committee set up by the National council for women
Education in 1962. The main work of this committee
A. NIOS I. Teacher Education was to examine the differentiation of curriculum for
B. NCTE II. Technical Education boys and girls at all stage of education.
C. AICTE III. Vocational Eduation 41. The phenomenological interpretation in
communication involves
D. NCVET IV. Distance Education (a) Collective experience
Choose the correct answer from the options (b) Secondary experience
given below: (c) Personal experience
(a) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III (d) Indirect experience
(b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
Ans.(c): The phenomenological interpretation in
(c) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I communication involves personal experience. Personal
(d) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II experience is the direct experience of an individual.
Ans.(a): 42. Which of the following is a learner-centered
method?
(List -I) (List -II)
(a) Inquiry approach
Educationla Agencies Educational Domains
(b) Lecture method
(Acronyms)
(c) Demonstration method
A. NIOS Distance Education
(d) Team teaching
B. NCTE Teacher Education Ans.(a): Inquiry approach is a leaner- Centered
C. AICTE Technical Education method. Teaching and learning based on the inquiry
method is an approach that helps students build their
D. NCVET Vocational Education knowledge and understanding through research and
39. Given below are two statements exploration activities based on existing knowledge.
Statement I : Non-verbal signals are used to 43. Computers have evolved from the early
emphasize and support the verbal mainframes to the relatively small smart
communication. devices with high computing power used today.
Statement II : Non-verbal signals are not a Which of the following inventions contributed
substitute for verbal communication. to reduce the physical size of computers?
In light of the above statements, choose the (a) Vaccum tube
correct answer from the options given below (b) Integrated circuits
In light of the above statements, choose the (c) Registers
correct answer from the options given below (d) Solid state memory
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Ans.(b): Invention of Integrated circuits in reducing the
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are physical size of computers. An integrated circuit is set
incorrect of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is semiconductor materials usually made of silicon.
incorrect
44. The National Education Policy, 2020 envisages
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is that all higher education institutions will
correct incentivized, supported and mentored and shall
Ans.(c): Non-verbal signals are used to emphasize and aim to become autonomous and have an
support the verbal communication, is true, Non-verbal empowered Board of Governors by the year
signals are a substitute for verbal communcation. In this (a) 2025 (b) 2030
way statement-I is true but statement-II is false. (c) 2035 (d) 2040
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Ans.(c): The National Education policy 2020 envisages It is in this process of homogenisation and
that all higher education institutions will be incentivized systematisation of the oppression of women in
supported and mentored and shall aim to become the Third World, that power is excercised in
autonomons and have an empowered Board of much of the western feminist discourse. This
Governors by the year 2035. power needs to be redefined, because of its
subjective nature of interpretation.
45. Given below are two statements
46. The western feminist literature looks at Third
Statement I : To address inter-state variations World women with
at all levels of Education, it was brought on to
(a) In-depth knowledge of their issues
the Concurrent list in the Constitution in 1976.
(b) An urge to liberate them
Statement II : The institutions approved under
State Legislative Act are not empowered to (c) The need to enforce universal values
award degrees. (d) Western standards as real benchmarks
In light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(d): The western feminist literature looks at third
correct answer from the options given below world women with western standards as real bench
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct marks.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are 47. The Third World women have an image
incorrect constructed through the parameters of
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is (a) Compassionate representation
incorrect (b) Quantification and categorisation
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is (c) Geographical proximation
correct (d) Familial issues
Ans.(c): To address inter-state variations of all levels of Ans.(b): The third world women have an image
Education it was brought on to the concurrent list in the constructed through the parameters of quantification
constitution in 1976. The institutions approved under and categorisation.
state legislative Act are empowered to award degrees. 48. The western feminist literature depicts Third
In this way statement I is true and II is false. World women as having
Scholars refer to the western perception of (a) Fewer choices and no freedom
Third World societies. They discuss the same (b) Greater support from external influences
when raising the questions of who produces (c) Benefits of modernisation
knowledge about Third World women.
(d) Become amenable to western influence
An Indian scholar has discovered that women in
the Third World are represented in most feminist Ans.(a): The western feminist literature depicts third
literature on development as having 'needs' and world momen as having fewer choices and no freedom.
'problems' but few choices and no freedom to act. 49. The passage is critical of
What emerges from such modes of analysis is the (a) The submissive Third World women
image of an average Third World woman (b) Modernised western women
constructed through the use of statistics and
(c) Hegemonic ideas of western superiority
certain categories. It is said that an average Third
World woman leads an, essentially truncated life (d) Homogenisation of feminist discourse
based on her feminine gender and her being third Ans.(c): The passage is critical of hegemonic ideas of
world-ignorant, poor uneducated, tradition western superiority. Western through and ideas are
bound. domestic, family oriented and victimised. appreciated in this superiority passage.
This is in contrast to the self-representation of 50. The western women consider themselves as
western women as educated, modern with (a) Saviours of oppressed women
freedom to make their own decisions. These
(b) Agents of homogenisation
representations assume western standards as the
benchmark against which to measure the (c) Modern and free
situation of Third World women. (d) Equally exploited like Third World women
The result is paternalistic attitude on the part Ans.(c): The western women consider themselves as
of western women toward their Third World Modern and free. They think we are not like as third
counterparts. It is perpetuation of the world women, third world women suffer saviours and
hegemonic idea of west's superiority. unequally.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 08 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table shows the percentage (%) Number of students in the institution C
distribution of total number of students and  60000 × 23 
=  = 13800
total number of girls studying in six colleges A-  100 
F. Total number of students and girls studying Number of girls in the institution C
24000 × 18 
in all the colleges together are 60000 and 24000 =   = 4320
respectively. Based on the data in the table,  100 
answer the questions 1-5: Number of Boys in the institution C = (13800-4320)
College-wise Distribution of Students = 9480
College Distribution (%) 2400 + 2520 + 9480
Required Average = = 4800
3
Student Girls
(out of 60000) (out of 24000) 2. The number of girl students studying in College
C as a percentage of the number of boys studying
A 10% 15%
in College E is
B 9% 12% (a) 70% (b) 75%
C 23% 18% (c) 80% (d) 90%
D 18% 14% Ans.(d): Number of students in the institution E
E 16% 20%  60000 × 16 
=  = 9600
F 24% 21%  100 
1. The average of the number of boys studying in Number of girls in the institution E
Colleges A. B and C is:  24000 × 20 
=   = 4800
(a) 4900 (b) 4700  100 
(c) 4400 (d) 4800 Number of Boys in the institution E
Ans.(d): Total number of students in the all institution = (9600-4800) = 4800
= 60000 Number of girls in the institution C
Number of girls in the all institution = 24000  24000 × 18 
=   = 4320
Number of students in the institution A  100 
 60000*10  4320 ×100
  = 6000 Required Percentage = = 90%
 100  4800
Number of girls in the institution A 3. The difference between the number of boys and
 24000*15  number of girls studying in College D is
  = 3600
 100  (a) 4040 (b) 4080
Number of Boys in the institution A (c) 7440 (d) 3360
= (6000-3600) = 2400 Ans.(b): Number of students in the institution D
Number of students in the institution B  60000 × 18 
=   = 10800
60000 × 9 
=   = 5400
 100 
 100  Number of girls in the institution D
Number of girls in the institution B  24000 × 14 
×
=   = 3360
 24000 12   100 
=  = 2880
 100  Number of Boys in the institution D = (10800-3360)
Number of boys in the institution B = (5400 – 2880) = 7440
= 2520 Required Difference = 7440-3360 = 4080
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4. The ratio of the number of boys in College F Example: Kiwi is a fruit, so a kiwi soft drink is
with the number of boys in College D is: considered a serving of fruit.
(a) 31:39 (b) 39:31 Therefore, the above argument committed fallacy of
(c) 39:37 (d) 37:29 equivocation.
Ans.(b): Number of girls in the institution F 7. Which of the following levels of Bloom's
taxonomy is achieved by rote learning?
 24000 × 21 
=   = 5040 (a) Remembering (b) Applying
 100 
(c) Analysing (d) Understanding
Number of Boys in the institution F = (14400-5040)
Ans.(a): The meaning of rote in ‘rote learning is
= 9360 Remembering’ itself means learning by repetition. The
Number of students in the institution D process of repeating something over and over engages
 60000 × 18  the short-term memory and allows us to quickly
=   = 10800
 100  remember basic things like facts, dates, names,
Number of girls in the institution D multiplication tables, etc. It differs from other forms of
learning in that it doesn’t require the learner to carefully
 24000 × 14 
=   = 3360 think about something, and is rather dependent on the
 100  act of repetition itself.
Number of Boys in the institution D = (10800-3360)
= 7440
Required Ratio = 9360:7440 = 39:31
5. The number of girls in College F is……% more
than the number of girls in College A.
(a) 25 (b) 30
(c) 40 (d) 50
Ans.(c): Number of girls in the institution F
24000 × 21 
=   = 5040
8. Human communication involves
 100  (A) Message transmission
Number of girls in the institution A (B) Message reception
24000 × 15  (C) Verbal and non-verbal messages
=   = 3600 (D) Power-packed messages only
 100 
(E) Messages for non-consumption
Required increasing Percentage
Choose the correct answer from the option
 5040 − 3600  given below:
=  × 100  = 40%
 3600  (a) A. B, C Only (b) B. C, D Only
6. Which of the logical informal fallacy is committed (c) B. D, E Only (d) A. C, E Only
in the following argument "Mr. X use abusive Ans.(a): Human communication is the exchange of
language toward the child who threw a stone at information between two or more human beings,
his car. Since child abuse is a crime, he should be whether verbal or non verbal.
reported to the authorities"? It involves.
(a) Appeal to Emotion (a) Message transmission.
(b) hasty generalisation (b) Message reception
(c) Verbal and nonverbal messages.
(c) Equivocation
(d) Appeal to force 9. Which Educational Institution was the first to
start college classes for women?
Ans.(c): Equivocation- Equivocation is a fallacy by
(a) Central Hindu Girls School
which a specific word or phrase in an argument is used
(b) Vesanta College
with more than one meaning. It's also known as
(c) Miranda House
semantic equivocation.
(d) Bethune School for Girls
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Ans.(d): Bethune College, established in 1879 and it is 12. Which of the following statements are correct
the first women’s college located on Bidhan Sarani in regarding CERT-IN?
Kolkata, India. (A) CERT-IN is the national nodal agency
10. Given below are two statements: for responding to computer security
Statement I : To from the contrapositive of a incidents as and when they occur
given proposition, we replace its subject term (B) CERT-IN is operational since January
with the complement of its predicate term. and 2014
we replace its predicate term with the (C) Forecast and alert of cyber security
complement of its subject term.
incidents is one of the functions of
Statement II : All contra positions are valid.
CERT-IN.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
Choose the correct answer from the options
correct answer from the options given below:
given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (a) A. B and C (b) A and B only
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (c) A and C only (d) B and C only
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans.(c): CERT-IN is an acronym for 'Indian Computer
Ans.(c): A Proposition or Theorem formed by Emergency Response Team'. CERT-IN is the National
contradicting both the subject and predicate or both the Incident Response Centre for major computer security
hypothesis and conclusion of a given proposition or incidents in its constituency that is CERT-IN was
theorem are interchanging them "if not-B then not-A " is established in 2004 as a functional organization of the
the contrapositive of "if A then B ". Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
A statement and its contrapositive are logically Therefore, statement I & III are correct.
equivalent:- if the statement is true, then its contrapositive
13. Two Shopkeepers 'A' and 'B' sell certain kind
is true, and vice versa. In mathematics, proof by
of machines at the same list price. However.
contraposition is a rule of inference used in proofs. All
shopkeeper 'A' allows two successive discounts
contra Positive statement is not valid nor invalid.
of 20% and 15% and shopkeeper 'B' allows
11. The National Education Policy (2020) has
two successive discounts of 10% and 25%
recommended the replacement of the UGC by
Which of the following statements is correct?
an umbrella organization. the Higher
Education Commission of India (HECI) with (a) 'A' offers more discount
its four Verticals, namely- (b) 'B' offers more discount
(A) National Higher Educational Regulatory (c) Both 'A' and 'B' offers same discount
Council (d) 'A' offers 35% discount and 'B' offers 30%
(B) General Educational Council discount
(C) Medical Council of India Ans.(b): Let the price of machine = 100
(D) National Accreditation Council Price of the machine after first discount given by
(E) Higher Education Grants Council 100 × 20
Choose the most appropriate answer from the shopkeeper A = 100 – = 80
100
options given below:
Price of the machine after second discount given by
(a) A, B, C, D Only (b) B, C, D, E Only
(c) A, C, D, E Only (d) A, B, D, E Only 80 ×15
shopkeeper A =80− = 68 − ......eq − 1
Ans.(d): The commission will have four independent 100
verticals — National Higher Education Regulatory Price of the machine after first discount given by
Council, National Accreditation Council, Higher 100 × 10
shopkeeper B = 100− = 90
Education Grants Council and General Education 100
Council, which will be headed by one president each. Price of the machine after second discount given by
the HECI will be entrusted with developing an 90 × 25
integrated roadmap for the future of higher education shopkeeper B =90− = 67.5 ......eq − 2
100
in India and transforming existing higher education
institutions into large multidisciplinary units and Therefore, comparing equation (1) and (2) we see that
research universities. second series of discount is more profitable.

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14. Match List I with List II: 16. Given below are two statements:
List I List II Statement I : Natural erosion of the soil is
(Protocol/Summit) (Theme) gradual removal of the top soil by natural
(A) Paris Agreement (I) Emissions trading process.
(B) Kyoto Protocol (II) Ozone depletion Statements II : Accelerated erosion of the soil
is caused due to man made activities. The rate
(C) Rio declaration (III) INDCs
of accelerated erosion is equal to the rate of
(D) Montreal Protocol (IV) Environment and
soil formation.
development
In the light of the above statements, choose the
Choose the correct answer from the options
correct answer from the option given below:
given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(b) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
Ans.(c): Soil Erosion- “natural soil erosion is the
Ans.(c): process in which the topsoil of a field is carried away by
List I List II physical sources such as wind and water.”
(Protocol/Summit) (Theme) Accelerated erosion is largely the consequence of
(A) Paris Agreement (III) INDCs human activity but the rate of accelerated erosion is not
equal to the rate of soil formation.
(B) Kyoto Protocol (I) Emissions trading Accelerated erosion depletes soil fertility in agricultural
land. Therefore, Statement I is correct only.
(C) Rio declaration (IV) Environment and 17. Given below are two statements:
development Statements I : In symbolic communication.
(D) Montreal Protocol (II) Ozone depletion power operators through images.
15. The grapevine communication is often driven Statements II : Such an advantage of
by exercising power not exist in other types of
(a) External professional agencies communication
(b) Competing organizations In the light of the above statements, choose the
(c) Top management of an organisation correct answer from the options given below
(d) Social networks of employees (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
true
Ans.(d): Grapevine communication can be understood
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
as an informal network of networks that the
false
workforce (Social network) utilizes for passing on
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is
the information to each other. This type of
false
information communication goes up, sideways, down,
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is
and diagonally in an organization, and it spreads the
true
information by using separate means from the formal
channels of communication. Ans.(c): Symbolic communication involves the verbal
and non-verbal symbolism to convey meaning. It
involves body language, facial expressions, as well as
vocal means and physical objects etc. In this type of
power sharing advantages are using in all types of
communication. Therefore, statement I is correct and
statement II is false.

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18. Find the average of the squares of the consecutive (c) A, C and D Only
odd numbers from 1 to 21 (d) A, B, C and D
(a) 102 (b) 159 Ans.(c): The actions of an ethnographic researcher-
(c) 161 (d) 160 1. He gets immersed in the social setting.
Ans.(c): Sum of squares of consecutive odd natural 2. He observer the behaviour of group members.
numbers-
2
3. He listens to their conversation.
12 + 22 + 32 + 5 + .... +212
21. Match List I with List II:
Total numbers 11,
Now, using formula, List I List II
(Learning Definitions) (Proponent)
11(4 × 112 − 1)
Sum = (A) Learning is an organization of (I) Guilford
3
behaviour
11(4 × 112 − 1)
Now, average = (B) Learning is the change in (II) Skinner
3 × 11
behaviour resulting from behaviour
384 − 1
= (C) Learning is selecting the (III) Garret
3
appropriate response and
383 1771
= = 161 or = 161 connecting with the stimulus
3 11
(D) Learning is a process of (IV) Thorndike
19. Geothermal field requires combination of
progressive behaviour adaption.
following three conditions
(A) A natural underground source of water Choose the correct answer from the options
(B) A mountain in the vicinity given below:
(C) An impermeable layer (a) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II) (D)-(IV)
(D) A coal mine in the vicinity (b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II) (D)-(I)
(E) A large mass of hot rock in the vicinity (c) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I) (D)-(II)
Choose the most appropriate answer from the (d) (A)-(III), (B)-( I), (C)-(IV) (D)-(II)
options given below: Ans.(d):
(a) A. C. E Only (b) A. C. D Only
List I List II
(c) B. C. D Only (d) B. D. E Only
(Learning Definitions) (Proponent)
Ans.(a): Geothermal field requires combination of
(A) Learning is an (III) Garret
following three conditions are-
organization of behaviour
(A) A natural underground source of water
(E) A large mass of hot rock in the vicinity (B) Learning is the change in (I) Guilfor
(C) An impermeable layer behaviour resulting from
20. Which of the following are the actions of an behaviour
ethnographic researcher? (C) Learning is selecting the (IV) Thorndi
(A) He gets immersed in the Social Setting. appropriate response and ke
(B) He avoids collecting documents about the connecting with the
group members he is researching upon. stimulus
(C) He observes the behaviour of group (D) Learning is a process of (II) Skinner
members. progressive behaviour
(D) He listens to their conversations. adaption.
(E) He does not interview the participants
22. Given below are two statements:
when they are not amenable to
Statement I : Aristotelian syllogism regards
observation.
deduction and induction as inseparably related.
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: Statement II : The Nyaya school of classical
(a) A, D and E Only Indian philosophy regards deduction and
(b) C and D Only indication as two aspects of the same process.

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In the light of the above statements, choose the 26. Chlorine in drinking water is used for
most appropriate answer from the options (A) Disinfection
given below: (B) Removal of hardness
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (C) Odor treatment
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (D) Turbidity control
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (E) Removal of iron and manganese
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans.(d): Aristotelian syllogism regards deduction and given below:
induction as spatially related. The nayaya school of (a) A, C, E Only (b) A, B, C Only
classical Indian philosophy regards deduction and (c) A. D. E Only (d) C, D, E Only
induction as two aspects of the same process. Therefore, Ans.(a): The most common use of chlorine in water
statement II is correct only and Statement-I is false. treatment is to disinfect water, odor treatment and
23. Which of the following three numbers (A-C) in removal of iron and Magness.
decimal, octal and hexadecimal notations 27. Given below are two statements:
respectively, is/are equivalent to (11011001)2 in Statement I : Volatile Organic chemicals
binary notation? (VOCs) are among the most commonly found
(a) (217)10 (b) (661)8 contaminates in ground water
(c) (D9)16 Statement II : The concentration of VOCs in
Choose the correct answer from the options ground water is much less compared to that is
given below: surface waters.
(a) A Only (b) B Only In the light of the above statements, choose the
(c) A and B Only (d) A and C Only correct answer from the options given below:
Ans.(d): (11011001)2 = (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(1* 20+0*21+0*22+1*23+1*24+0*25+1*26 +1*27)10 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
= (217)10 (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(11011001)2 = (1101)2 (1001)2 = (D9)16 (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Therefore, option D is correct answer. Ans.(c): Volatile organic compounds are chemicals that
evaporate easily and leading to groundwater pollution.
24. At what percent of compound interest per
These are commonly found in groundwater in high
annum, a sum of money will double in 14 years?
concentration.
(a) 4% (b) 5%
(c) 6% (d) 6.5% 28. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Cache memory is volatile
Ans.(b):
memory and is much slower than Random
69\r + 0.35 = 14
Access Memory (RAM)
69\r = 14-0.35= 13.65
Statement II : CDs DVDs and Magnetic Tapes
R=69\13.65=5% (Approx) are all optical media devices.
25. Which Indian Act makes it illegal to knowingly In the light of the above statements, choose the
spread a computer virus? correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Data protection and Security Act, 1997 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Information Security Act, 1998 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Information Technology Act, 2000 (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Computer Misuse and Cyber Act, 2009 (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans.(c): The bill was passed in the budget session of Ans.(b): Cache memory is used to reduce the average
2000 and signed by President K. R. Narayanan on 9 time to access data from the Main memory. The cache
May 2000.The Act provides a legal framework for is a smaller and faster memory which stores copies of
electronic governance by giving recognition to the data from frequently used main memory locations.
electronic records and digital signatures. It also defines thus Statement-I is not correct. Optical media refers to
cybercrimes and prescribes penalties for them. The any data storage device or equipment that uses optical
original Act contained 94 sections, divided into 13 data storage and retrieval techniques to read and write
chapters and 4 schedules. The laws apply to the whole data. It stores data digitally on a media device and uses
of India. If a crime involves a computer or network a laser to read data from it. Magnetic tape is not optical
located in India. media device. Therefore, statement II is not correct.
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29. If the statement 'All women are honest' is given Ans.(b): Discussion forums are one of the Four
as true, which of the following propositions can Quadrants for MOOC whereas Discussion forums are in
be inferred from it? built Feature of learning management system (LMS) but
(A) 'No women is honest' is false Discussion forums of the MOOCs program having
(B) 'Some women are honest' is true different roles in the learning. That’s why Assertion (A)
and Reason (R) both are correct but the Reason (R) is
(C) 'No women is honest' is undetermined
not correct explanation of the given Assertion (A).
(D) 'Some women are not honest' is false
32. Two numbers are in the ratio of 7:8 If the
Choose the correct answer from the options
difference between the number is 30, then find
given below:
the numbers.
(a) A. B. D Only (b) B and D Only (a) 215,245 (b) 205,235
(c) B. C and D Only (d) C and D Only (c) 220,250 (d) 210,240
Ans.(a): In the statement– Ans.(d): Let the numerator of the fraction is x and
‘All women are honest’ as true. denominator of the fraction is y
So, ‘Some women are honest’ is true. According to the Question,
‘Some women are not honest’ is false. x 7
= ...( i )
30. Consider the following worksheet: y 8
A B C D x – y = 30 ...(ii)
x = 30 + y
1 5 10 50
Put the value of x in the eq. 1
2 15 50
30 + y 7
3 20 50 =
y 8
4 240 + 8y = 7y
Which of the following formula should be y = 240
entered into the cell D1 so that when it is copied put the value of y in the Eq. (ii)
into the cells D2 and D3. It gives the correct x = 210
values as shown in the range D1:D3? So, the number are– 240, 210.
(a) B1 * $C#1 (b) $B$1 * C1 33. Given below are two statements:
(c) B1 * C1 (d) $B$1 * $C$1 Statement I : Non-probability samples use
available respondents and no specific Selection
Ans.(d): The correct formula of the given problem =
procedure is followed
$B$1*$C$1
Statement II: It is a fact that non-probability
31. Given below are two statements : One is samples accurately reflect the population
labelled as assertion A and the other is labelled characteristics.
as Reason R. In the light of the above statements, choose the
Assertion (A): Discussion forums are one of the correct answer from the options given below:
four Quadrants for MOOC. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Reason (R): Discussion forums are in-built (b) Both Statement I and Statement II is false
feature of learning management systems (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(LMS). (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
In the light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(c): Non-probability sampling method mostly
most appropriate answer from the options involves judgment instead of randomization, participants
are selected because they are easy to access. For example;
given below:
your classmates and friends have a better chance to be part
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
of your sample. Non-probability sampling is a method in
correct explanation of (A)
which not all population members have an equal chance of
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT participating in the study, unlike probability sampling.
the correct explanation of (A) Therefore, non probability sample is not accurately
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct reflecting the population characteristics. Therefore
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is false.

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34. Which of the following is a Group-centered (C) Social and (III) Tangible environment
method of teaching-learning? Psychological
(a) Providing lecture notes (D) Temporal (IV) Value system
(b) Team-teaching Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) Demonstration method given below:
(d) Brainstorming (a) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
Ans.(d): Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by (b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific (c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously
contributed by its members. People are able to think more Ans.(b):
freely and they suggest as many spontaneous new ideas as List I List II
possible. All the ideas are noted down without criticism (Communication context) (Related factor)
and after the brainstorming session the ideas are evaluated. (A) Physical (III) Tangible
environment
35. In order to develop students holistically a
(B) Cultural (IV) Value system
teacher should emphasize on
(C) Social and (I) Group norms
(a) Subject knowledge only
Psychological
(b) Remedial classes for slow learners
(D) Temporal (II) Sequential
(c) Explain the concept well
positioning
(d) Outcome based education along with value
38. Communication apprehension is often
education described as
Ans.(d): In order to develop students holistically a (a) Social relativity
teacher should emphasis on outcome-based education (b) Psycho-social barrier
along with value education. Value Education is a (c) Social anxiety
process of increasing the overall character of a student, (d) Social ambiguity
it also includes character development, personality Ans.(c): Social anxiety disorder is a chronic mental
development and spiritual development, it develops a health condition (also called social phobia), where
sensible person with strong character and values. everybody interactions cause irrational anxiety, fear,
36. Which one of the following is a tool of grounded self consciousness and embarrassment. Due to social
theory? anxiety, communication skills may be weak.
(a) Constant comparison 39. Indira Gandhi National Open University was
(b) Auditing established in the year
(a) 1975 (b) 1980
(c) Deconstruction of narratives
(c) 1985 (d) 2000
(d) Use of uncritical language
Ans.(c): Indira Gandhi National Open University,
Ans.(a): Constant comparison is one the best tool of the known as IGNOU, is a Central University located New
ground theory. Grounded theory is a well-known Delhi, India. Named after former Prime Minister of
methodology employed in many research studies. India Indira Gandhi, the university was established in
Qualitative and quantitative data generation techniques 1985.
can be used in a grounded theory study. Grounded 40. Given below are two statements:
theory sets out to discover or construct theory from Statement I : The National Education Policy
data, systematically obtained and analysed using 2020 envisages that the extent 10+2 structure in
comparative analysis. School Education will be modified with a new
37. Match List I with List II: pedagogical and curricular restructuring of
List I List II 5+4+4+3 covering ages 3-18.
Statement II : The National Education policy
(Communication (Related factor)
2020 envisages, that prior to the age of 5every
context)
child will move to a "Preparatory class" or
(A) Physical (I) Group norms "Balvatika". Which has an ECCE-qualified
(B) Cultural (II) Sequential positioning teacher.
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In the light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(d): Historical research includes two sources of
most appropriate answer from the options data collection, such as primary and secondary sources.
given below: Primary Sources- Primary sources are the original first-
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct hand resources such as documents, oral or written
records, witnesses to a fact, etc.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Secondary Sources- Sometimes it’s impossible to
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
access primary sources, and researchers rely on
incorrect secondary sources to obtain information for their
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is research. It includes: Newspapers, Publications,
correct Periodicals, Encyclopaedia, books.
Ans.(d): The 2020 education reform preps a “5+3+3+4” Therefore Option (D) is a correct answer.
curriculum structure. NEP 2020 has allocated school 42. Responses to open-ended questions are
education into distinct phases based on age groups. The (a) Quantifiable (b) Realistic
policy emphasizes 3 years in preschool and 12 years in (c) Subjective (d) Imitative
school. For kids of 3 to 6 years, accessibility to free, Ans.(c): Open-ended responses are responses to questions
safe, high-quality ECCE (Early Childhood Care that can’t simply be given as Yes/No, with a fixed
multiple-choice response, or on a scale (e.g., On a scale of
Education) to be granted at Preschool/Anganwadi/ Bal
1 to 10 how happy were you with your visit today?). the
Vatika.
responses of open-ended Question are more subjective.
43. Which goal of the2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development adopted by India in 2015 seeks to
"ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
and promote lifelong learning opportunities for
all"?
(a) Goal 2 (b) Goal 4
(c) Goal 6 (d) Goal 15
Ans.(b): The major aim of Sustainable Development
Goal 4 (SDG 4) is to provide an inclusive and high-
quality education that will improve the learner's
standard of living and the community's future. Major
progress has been made in promoting access to
education, specifically at the primary school level, for
both boys and girls.
44.
In Nyaya Syllogism all the three terms stand
synthesized in which of the following steps of
the inferential process?
(a) Example (Udaharana)
41. Which of the following are sources of data in
(b) Conclusion (Nigamana)
historical research?
(c) Application (Upanaya)
(A) Personal observation (d) Reason (hetu)
(B) Focused group discussion Ans.(c): All three terms stand synthesized in Upanaya.
It is that member which produces consideration. For
(C) Oral testimony
instance, all that has smoke has fire, this hill too has
(D) Relics smoke. Upanaya vakya is the sentence that gives rise to
(E) Actuaries the knowledge that the subject of inference has the hetu
that is invariably related to the sadhya. The subsumptive
Choose the correct answer from the options
reflection which is the ultimate cause of inferential
given below:
cognition cannot come out of the earlier three members
(a) A, B, C Only (b) B, C, D Only of syllogism which makes this avayava (member) of
(c) A, C, D Only (d) C, D, E Only syllogism significant.

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45. Find the wrong term in the given series: 6, 11, In social relationships, in political and
18, 27, 34, 51, 66, 83 economic structures, Words, therefore, change
(a) 34 their meanings and acquire fresh applications;
(b) 51 specialized technical terms pass into general
(c) 83 usage. And new words are invented. The
(d) 11 process reminds us that language is not a
corpus of learning. but an instrument adapted
Ans.(a): 6,11,18,27,34,51,66,83
to human purposes.
(11-6), (18-11), (27-18), (34-27), (51-34), (66-51), (66-
46. Imperialism was responsible for
51), (83-66)
(a) Codification of law
5,7,9, 6, 17, 15,17
(b) Racial equity
34 Term is the wrong term in the given series.
(c) Primacy of local languages
Read the following passage and answer
(d) Exclusion of old languages
questions from question:
Ans.(d): Imperialism was responsible for Exclusion of
Certain languages came to acquire a special
old language.
status introduced by religious leaders, scholars,
47. The passage analyses languages as a
or conquerors, Sometimes they became the
(a) Corpus of learning
basis of power and privilege. A language
(b) Symbol of state power
spoken by a small minority, such as Latin in
(c) Tool to meet human purposes
medieval Europe could become the medium of
(d) Formal link between old and new generationsr
scholarship, of record-keeping and of religious
ceremony. A language introduced by Ans.(c): The passage analyses languages as a tool to
conquerors, who become a ruling and landed meet human purposes.
elite, would be used in commerce, 48. One of the characteristics of languages is
administration and law. During the era of (a) Constant change in meanings of words
imperialism. the languages of colonial powers (b) Subjection of different alien powers
become the languages of administration. (c) The ability to survive against heavy odds
Codified laws, higher education, science and (d) Their monopoly by the elites
technology in their own colonies. This held Ans.(a): One of the characteristics of language is constant
back the development of older languages change in meaning of words.
excluded from these spheres. To a varying 49. The language of the conquerors was used in
extent. Languages such as English and French (a) Ruling over landed elite
Still hold this position in some of the now (b) The administration of law
independent nations of Asia and Africa. This (c) Colonising the other countries
can create problems within these states. as well (d) Creating social inclusiveness
as between neighboring countries. notably in
Ans.(b): The language of the conquerors was used in
West Africa and the Caribbean. These have
the administration of law.
emerged from subjection to different alien
50. Historically, minority languages were the basis
powers. Words are symbols of human
of
experience. Perceptions underlying them have
(a) Medieval culture
undergone change over time and in response to
(b) Cultural independence
new situations. Moreover, all languages are in a
(c) Scholarship
state of change sometimes rapid.
(d) Religious harmony
They respond to new needs arising from
Ans.(c): Historically minority languages were the basis
developments in thought and knowledge. In
of Scholarship.
productive techniques.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022

TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 08 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: The following table shows the percentage 3. Number of literate males of City D is ______ %
(%) distribution of total population. Literate males more than the number of literate females of
and literate females in six cities A-F. In all six cities City D
together, total population, number of li males and (a) 160 (b) 60
number of literate females are 1.5 crore, 40 lakh (c) 61.538 (d) 120
and 25 lakh, respectively. Ratio of males to females Ans.(b): Number of literate females of city D = 25 × 16%
among the total population is 8:7. Based on the data 6
25× = 4 lakh
in the table, answer the questions 1-5: 100
Number of literate males of city D = 40 × 16%
16
40× = 6.4 lakh
100
6.4 − 4
∴ Required pecent = × 100
4
2.4
= × 100 = 60%
4
4. The difference between the illiterate population
and the literate population of City C is
(a) 8.5 lakh (b) 9.5 lakh
1. The illiterate population of City A is (c) 10.5 lakh (d) 20.5 lakh
(a) 10.8 lakh (b) 14.2 lakh
Ans.(b): Total population of city C = 1.5 × 21%
(c) 16.8 lakh (d) 18 lakh
= 31.5% lakh
Ans.(a): Total population of males and females in city Literate population of city C = 40 × 20% + 25 × 12%
16 20 12
A = 1.5 × = 0.24 crore or 24 lakh = 40× + 25×
100 100 100
18 =8+3
population of Literate males of city A = 40 × = 7.2
100 = 11 lakh
lakh ∴ Illiterate population of city C = 31.5 - 11
24 = 20.5 lakh
Number of literate females of city A = 25 × = 6 lakh Hence The Difference between illiterate and literate
100
population of city C = 20.5 - 11 = 9.5 lakh
Total no. of literates of city A = (7.2 + 6) lakh = 13.2 lakh
5. Number of literate males of City E as a
∴ No. of illiterate of city A = 24 lakh - 13.2 lakh percentage of number of literate females of city
= 10.8 lakh F is
2. Literate population of City E is ______% of the (a) 240% (b) 118%
population of E. (c) 304% (d) 82.89%
(a) 40 (b) 64 Ans.(c): Number of literate males of city E = 40 × 19%
(c) 26 (d) 42 19
40× = 7.6 lakh
20 100
Ans.(d): Total population of city E = 1.5 × = 0.3 crore
100 Number of literate females of city F = 25 × 10%
= 30 lakh 10
25× = 2.5lakh
Total literate population of city E = 40 × 19% + 25 × 20% 100
= 12.6 lakh 7.6
∴ Required percentage = × 100
12.6 126 2.5
∴ Required percent = ×100 = = 42%
30 3 = 76 × 4 = 304%

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6. Indian National Ambient Air Quality standards 9. Which of the following propostition is contrary
stipulate the maximum permissible limit of to the proposition 'All women are honest'?
annual mean concentration of PM25 to be: (a) Some women are not honest
(a) 60 µg/m3 (b) 45 µg/m3 (b) No women are honest
3
(c) 40 µg/m (d) 25 µg/m3 (c) Some women are not dishonest
Ans.(c): In order to cater for citizen, regarding the (d) No women are dishonest
quality of air and concerns, the central pollution control
Ans.(b):
board (CPCB) of the Nation Announces National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). CPCB Draus
this poer from the Air (prevention and control of
pollution) Act 1981. These were first issued in 1982 and
got amended later. As per now, CPCB lauches NAAQS ∵ from the venn diagram it is clear that all females are
for 12 pollutants. For PM2.5 the mean concetration is: honest, while its opposite arguments is no females are honest.
Annual → 40 µg/m3 10. Which of the following recognised for the first
24 hours → 60 µg/m3 time that the government should give 'frank
7. The proposition 'all things are non enternal, and cordial support' to female education and
because they are knowable' is fallacious take effective measures for its expansion?
because (a) Womens Indian Association
(a) The middle term is non-exclusive (b) All India Womens Conference
(b) The middle term is too narrow (c) The Woods Despatch
(c) The middle term is too wide (d) National Council of Women
(d) The middle term is non-exclusive
Ans.(c): The woods Despatch: Sent by Charles Wood to
Ans.(a): The given proposition is conclusion of Lord Dalhousies in 1854, it was a formal dispatch which
categrorical syllogism in field of logic which are: made a tremendous impact on the contemporary Indian
1. All things are non-eternal education system. It made several recommendations like
2. All the things are knowable
1. Education department in every province.
This syllogism creates a fallacy as it does not seem to
2. One governments school in every district.
be a correct reason of each othe and also middle term of
syllogism appears to be non-exclusive as it doesn't 3. Introduction of English medium higher studies.
explains why knowing a things will endorese it as non- 4. The government should support women education.
eternal. Thus a clear, cordial and effective support to female
8. Which of the following universities have been education was made out by wood's dispatch.
recognised as Institutes of Eminence? 11. Find the number that must be added to the
(A) Banaras Hindu University terms of the ratio 13:25 to make it equal to
(B) Amerita Vishwa Vidya Peetham 7:10.
(C) Calcutta University (a) 8 (b) 11
(D) Cental University of Hyderabad (c) 15 (d) 13
(E) Jawaharlal Nehru University Ans.(c): Let the required number be x
Choose the most appropritae answer from the According to question,
options given below:
13 + x 7
(a) A, B and E Only ∴ =
(b) A, B and D Only 25 + x 10
(c) C, D and E Only ⇒ 130 + 10x = 175 × 7x
(d) A, B, C and D Only 3x = 45
Ans.(b): In order to recognise and improve the poor x = 15
conditon of Indian univerties, University Grants
12. Given below are two statements: One is
commission (UGC) a body under Government of India
labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
launched Institutes of Eminence programme in 2017. As
as Reason R.
of now total 20 institutes including 10 public institutes
Assertion (A) : Large scale dams also cause the
and 10 private institutes have been recognised under
Green House Gas Emissions.
this. From the the options Banaras Hindu University,
Amrita University and Central University of of Reason (R) : When submerged vegetation
Hyderabad are a part of this initiative. Hence option (b) decays, it produces carbon dioxide which is a
will be the correct answer. green house gas.

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In the light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(d): The wood's Despatch of 1854 made seveal
most appropriate answer from the options recommendations and among them, one was the
given below: establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay and
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Madras on the modle of University of London. An
correct explanation of (A) hence, taking into consideration of Wood's Despatch,
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the East India company passed. The acts of incorporation in
correct explanation of (A) 1857 which provided for establishment of these
(c) (A) is not false but (R) is true universities on the model of university of London.
(d) (A) is not false but (R) is true 16. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Language and other symbolic
Ans.(*): This question has been dropped by NTA as the
means of communication are surely social
correct option is not provided (excluded from
products.
evaluation).
Statement I : Communication media always
13. In communication, channel richness is highest provide the feel good factor to their users
in the case of In the light of the above statements, choose the
(a) Television correct answer from the options given below:
(b) Newspapers (a) Both statement I and statement II are true
(c) Face-to-face conversation (b) Both statement I and statement II are false
(d) Formal reports (c) Statement I is true but statement II is false
Ans.(c): In any kind of communication channel riches (d) Statement I is false but statement II is true
(intensity) is directly proportional to immediacy of Ans.(c): As per statement I language and other
information & feedback and quality of message transferred symbolic means of communication are surely social
through non-verbal methods. In television newspaper and products may be considered true as because language
formal reports immediacy of information feedback islow and other mediums of communication have been
hence "face to face conservation and high channel richness evolved due to transmission of gesture and thoughts
in comparision to others. within society and hence are product of social
14. Given below are two statements: procedure. But in case of second statement, quality and
manner of communication decides whether it would
Statement I : Bioconcentration in humans can
provide feel good factors or feel bad factor, not always
occur due to consumption of fish.
it provides feel good factor. Hence 2nd statement may
Statement II : Bioconcentration is the tendency not be cosidered true.
of hazardous substances to accumulate in
human tissues 17. Which informal logical fallacy is committed in the
following argument – 'No one has shown that
In the light of the above statements, choose the aliens did not create the crop circles. So the crop
correct answer from the options given below: circles must have been made by the aliens?
(a) Both statement I and Statement II are true (a) Begging the question
(b) Both statement I and statement II are false (b) Appeal to Ignorance
(c) Statement I is true but statement II is false (c) Fallacy of accident
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is true (d) Appeal to authority
Ans.(d): Bioconcentration is the intake and retention of a Ans.(b): In the field of logics a wide used term is there
substance in an organism entirely by respiration from "appeal to ignorance". It is a kind of fallacy when some
water in acquatic ecosystems or from air in terrestrial one orgues that something is true because there is no
ones. Bio concentration in humans can occur due to fish evidience against it, or something wrong because there
consumption as they are solely a part of acquatic is no evidience for this to be true.
consumption. But in second statement is accumulation is Here in case of crop cirdes by aliens, so there is no any
being considerd in tissues, but in reality it occurs in body evidience occure and hence fallacy of accident occurs.
organs because tissue are the fundamental unit of body 18. Previous National Education Policy on
organs. Hence statement I is correct but statement II is Education-1986 was modified in the year.
not correct. (a) 1990 (b) 1992
15. The acts of incorporation passed in 1857 (c) 1987 (d) 1996
provided for the establishment of universities Ans.(b): Previous National Education Policy on
of Calcutta. Bombay and Madras on the model Education 1986 was modified in year 1992. In 2020
of: also the NEP was modified and announced and is based
(a) Cambridge University on 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 mode. A new edvation policy aims to
(b) University of Harvard faciliture an inclusive, participatory and holistic
(c) Oxford University approach which extensively facuses on lessons learned
(d) University of University from best practices.

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19. Which of the following is a semantic barrier? 22. Which of the following are unethical in the
(a) Blurred image on television context of research?
(b) Unclear printing in newspapers (A) Seeking informed consent of respondents
(c) Static broadcasting (B) Offering incentives to respondents
(d) Redundancy in writing (C) Coercing respondents for sensitive personal
Ans.(d): The semantic barriers refer to misadjustment information
coversation between sender and receiver occuring due (D) Hiding the research purpose from respondents
to different meaning of words, symbol etc. It usually (E) Maintaining confidentiality
occures due to words with multiple meanings of words Choose the correct answer from the options given
with similar pronounciation but different meaning. below:
Here redundancy in writting is an example of this as (a) A, B, C Only (b) B, C, D Only
complex words and others non-significant sumbols use (c) C, D, E Only (d) A, B, D Only
make it harder to produce clear meaning for receiver. Ans.(b): In the given statements, (B), (C) and (D), seems
20. In the context of curriculum, which of the to be unethical because offering incentive, forcing
following are correct? someone for sensitive information or hiding the research
(A) Curriculum should be modified regularly purpose may lead to degradation of quality of research as it
(B) Curriculum should have theoretical may due to respondents fallacy, non-emotional
concepts only participation. Which given in statement (A) and (E) are
(C) Curriculum should be derived from ethical pratice and are good for qulitative reseach.
constitutional imperatives of the country 23. When a research study is conducted to know
(D) Curriculum should be made as per needs about an unknown area and collect information,
of industry & society it is known as:
(E) Curriculum should be teacher-centric (a) Pilot Study
Choose the correct answer from the options (b) Feasibility study
given below: (c) Explanatory research
(a) A, D and E Only (b) C and D Only (d) Exploratory research
(c) A, C and D Only (d) A, B, C and D Ans.(d): Exploratory researcch is defined as a reseach
Ans.(c): In the content of curriculum following are used to ivestgate a problem which is not clearly defined. It
correct. is conducted to have a better understanding of existing
1. Curriculum should modified regularly. problem, but will not provide conclusive results. Hence in
2. Curriculum should be derived from constitutional order to know about an unkonwn area and collect
imperatives of the country. information on explorators research is madeout.
3. Curriculum should be made as per needs of industry 24. To receive email, you need an email provider, a
and society. connection to your provider and an email
21. Given below are two statements: application. If your Internet Service Provider
Statement I : The concept of cyber technology (ISP) has a POP sever, you have a wide choice
is described as a wide range of networked of email applications.
communication devices. What does the acronym POP stand for?
Statement II : Many sociologists are concerned (a) Page Overlay Protocol
with people becoming too dependent on (b) Post Office Protocol
technology. (c) Power Outage Protocol
In the light of the above statements, choose the (d) Postal off Protocol
correct answer from the options given below: Ans.(b): The full name of POP is Post Office Protocol.
(a) Both statement I and statement II are true It is actually a message transfer protocol or and Internet
(b) Both statement I and statement II are false standard protocol used by local email software clients to
(c) Statement I is true but statement II is false recieve e-mails from a remote mail server over a
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is true TCP/IP connection. It was first created in 1984, and in
Ans.(a): The cyber technology is based network now a days has become most used protocol among bit
communication devices which are being used to develop new techgiants for message transmission.
machines, devices and services in order to case human beings 25. Identity the correct sequence of the following
workload. Yet with many profit, sociologist concerns over it elements in the mass communication process.
are bad because too much dependance on cyber technology is (A) Selective exposure
making human civilizaiotn lazy and leading to lack of social (B) Selective attention
values like discipline, professionalism, unity etc. Also in (C) Cognitive dissonance
some cases cyber technology proves to be a cause of social (D) Congruent information
partisionship. Hence both the statements are correct. (E) Confirmation of bias
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Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(c): The given series is as follows -
given below:
(a) B, A, D, C, E (b) A, E, C, B, D
(c) C, D, E, B, A (d) E, C, A, B, D ∴
? = 44
Ans.(b): In the process of mass communication following
30. What does the symbol CC signify?
sequence must be followed:
(a) Copyrighted material
A. Selective exposure (b) Copyable material
E. Confirmation of bias (c) Creative commons1
C. Cognitive dissonance (d) Copying commons
B. Selective attention Ans.(c): Creative commons CC clicensas are public
D. Congruent information clinses. You can use them to indicate that other people
are allowed to do with your work. Each work is
Hence one the basis of this option (b) is correct.
26. A destructive computer program that automatically protected by copyright, which means that
others will need to as permissions from you as the
masquerades as a useful application is called
copyright owners. In open Access publishing and in
(a) Virus (b) Worm Open Educaiton Resources CC clicences are commonly
(c) Trojan (d) Firmware used.
31. The most important fallout of university
Ans.(c): A trojan is a kind of malware that appears to a
user as a common application or data but keeps reforms under whose leadership, was the rist
continue in background its real processngs which may official announcement of the future education
be harmful for a user. Usually a hacker uses trojans, to policy of the Government of India to reduce the
tension created among the educated Indians by
make control over someone other's computer, as it may the process of his university reforms?
be sued to crack a password or may be usd to delete (a) Charles Wood (b) Hunter
data on someone's others hard disc and many more (c) Curzon (d) Dalhousie
other funciotns harmful to a user may be performed via
Ans.(c): The most important university reforms were
trojans. taken during tenure of Lord Curzon. The government
27. The average weight of 30 persons is increased considered over deteoritiny education quality. And
by 2 kg, when one of them whose weight is 40hence in 1902 a commission was formulated in
kg, is replaced by a new person. What is thechairmanship of Thomas Raliegh, who
weight of the new person? recommendation finally lead to enacting of Idnian
University Act 1904. Further all these incident lead to
(a) 98 kg (b) 100 kg announcement of "education policy" by government of
(c) 102 kg (d) 95 kg India.
Ans.(b): Suppose the average weight of 30 men = x32. Wind energy
And the New person's weight = y (a) is an intermittent energy
∴ As per the question (b) is extremely useful at remote and isolated places
(c) does not depend upon weather
30x + y = (x + 2) × 30 + 40
(d) is a clean energy
30x + y = 30x + 60 + 40 (e) does not have any environmental impact at all
y = 100 kg Choose the most appropriate answer from the
28. In a certain coding scheme, 'UNIVERSITY' is options given below:
coded as 'EIINRSTUVY'. How INSTITUTION (a) A, B, C Only (b) A, B, D Only
shall be coded in the same coding scheme? (c) B, C, D Only (d) C, D, E Only
(a) IIINNOSTTTU (b) IININOSUTTT Ans.(b): Wind energy is considered intemittend
(c) INIINOSTUTT (d) IINNIOSTTTU because it is based on weather patterns and climatic
factors liek temperature, pressure etc. It is also usefull
Ans. (a) : Just as, at remote and isolated places as it will efficient at these
Alphabetical places to set up plant if air is well bowling, rather than
UNIVERSITY → order EIINRSTUVY
transferring energy to these places which invalves
Similarly, complex and costly produce. Wind energy is a clean
Alphabetical energy and also a renewable energy. But it affects the
INSTITUTION → order IIINNOSTTTU
environment also in ways like spreading of smog,
∴ The correct code is IIINNOSTTTU aerosol extension, blowing away of hygroscopic nuclei.
29. Find the next term in the series given below wind energy–
A. is an intermittent energy.
5, 9, 14, 20, 27, 35, ?
B. is extremely useful at remote and isolated places.
(a) 62 (b) 70 D. it is a clean energy
(c) 44 (d) 42
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33. Which of the following are common criteria of tests? 36. Consider the worksheet below:
(A) Administrative condition
(B) All questions of higher order thinking skills.
(C) Time limit
(D) Nature of questions
(E) Marks allocation
Choose the correct answer from the options If a user wants to do the following:
given below: (i) Print "Within Budget" in cell B3 if the value
(a) A, C, D Only (b) B, C, D Only in cell A2 is less than or equal to 100.
(c) B, C, D and E Only (d) A, C, D and E Only (ii) Print "Over Budget" in cell B3 if the value
in cell A2 is greater than 100; then what
Ans.(d): Providing administrative condition, setting a
formula would the user have to type in order to
perfect time limit, setting nature of question in order to
achieve the above stated goals?
maintain plurality and also providing a proper and
(a) =IF (A2<100, "Within Budget", "Over
systematic mark allocation will be a best method to
Budget")
conduct a common test. But including only questions of
High order Thinking skilful will lead to harm the (b) =IF (A2<=100, "Over Budget", "Within
diversity of question which will further result in Budget")
deteoriting the quality of test. (c) =IF (A2<100, "Within Budget","Over
Budget")
34. Which of the following is a teacher-centred
(d) =IF (A2<=100, "Within Budget", "Over
method?
Budget",)
(a) Problem solving
(b) Discussion method Ans.(d): Given
(c) Inquiry approach To achieve the above goals
(d) Demonstration method Formula · IF (A2 < = 100, "Within Budget", "Over
Budget",) has to be typed is an known.
Ans.(d): Problem solving: It involves conversation
between master & learner, hence is not teacher centric. 37. Which of the following are sustainable
Discussion method: It is solely conservational and Development Goals (SDGs)?
participator for teacher and learner, hence not teacher centred. (A) No poverty
Inquiry approach: It involves questionand response (B) Zero hunger
between the two and hence is not teacher centric. (C) Employment to everyone
Demonstration method: It only involves teachers (D) Quality education
explanation to perform a task and hence is teacher centric. (E) Gender equality
Choose the correct answer from the options
35. A sum of Rs. 16800 is divided into two parts.
given below:
One part is lent at a simple rate of interest of
(a) A, B, C Only
6% per annum and the other part at 8% per
annum. After 2 years the total sum received is (b) A, B, C, D Only
Rs. 19,000. Find the sum lent at the rate of 6% (c) A, B, D, E Only
and 8% respectively. (d) C, D, E Only
(a) 12200, 4600 (b) 11000, 5800 Ans.(c): The sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are
(c) 12000, 4800 (d) 4800, 12000 an urgent call for action by all countries. The 17 SDG's
were adopted at UN sustainable Development summit
Ans.(a): Let the Amount lent at 6% = ` x
in NewYork in September 2015.
And Amount lent at 8% = ` (16800 - x)
SDG 1 → No Poverty
As per the question,
SDG 2 → Zero Hunger
x × 6 × 2 (16800 − x) × 8 × 2
+ = 19000 − 16800 SDG 4 → Quality education
100 100 SDG 5 → Gender equality
12x + 16800 × 16 - 16x = 220000 * Employment to everyone is not a SDG.
4x = 268800 - 220000
38. Kinesics, when used, will communicate a person's:
4x = 48800
(A) Social status
x = ` 12200
(B) Level of involvement
∴ Amount lent at 6% = Rs. 12200 (C) Emotional quotient
And the Amount lent at 8% = 16800 - 12200 (D) Political mobility
= ` 4600 (E) Language ambiguity
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Choose the correct answer from the options (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is
given below: incorrect
(a) A, B, C Only (b) B, C, D Only (d) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is
(c) D, C, E Only (d) A, D, E Only correct
Ans.(a): Triangulation has been mainly used in
Ans.(a): Kinesics is a field of non-verbal communication,
qualitative research. It actually means using multiple
a systematic study of the relationship between non- datasets, methods, theories and/or investigators to addres
linguistic body motinos and communication. Kinesics, a research question. In the triangulation method same
when used will communicate a persons social status, level point is viewed with different angles/insights and that
of involvement, emotional quotient. It has nothing to do justifies statemet I & II both. And when something is
with political mobility and languae ambliguity just because viewed from many angles so quality of research is
it is non-verbal and involves communication via body improved alongwith credibility of data and order. Henc,
movements, gestures posture etc. both statements are correct.
39. A true zero point is the feature of 42. Given below are two statements: One is
(a) Nominal scale (b) Ratio scale labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
as Reason R.
(c) Interval scale (d) Ordinal scale Assertion (A) : One of the objectives of higher
Ans.(b): A ratio scale is a measurement scale in which education is to promote critical and creative
a certain distance along the scale means the same thing thinking abilities in students.
no matter where on the scale you are, and where "O". Reasons (R) : Critical and creative thinking
On the scale represents the absence of the thing being abilities are developed by rote learning.
measured. A true zero point is the feature of ratio scale. In the light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options
On a ratio scale, a zero means there is a total absence of
given below:
variable of interest. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
40. Which of the following are similarity elements correct explanation of (A)
in both qualitative research? (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT
(A) Answering research questions the correct explanation of (A)
(B) preference to macro data (c) (A) is correct but (R) is not incorrect
(C) Do not suffer from issues of error (d) (A) is not incorrect but (R) is correct
(D) Importance to transparency Ans.(c): The modern day practices ensure that higher
(E) Exploration of variation studies develop reationality in student so that they may
not be a mere slave of priciple, theories and page-
Choose the correct answer from the options information. Only learning syllabus may not enable to
given below: be innovative. The reason may be neglected because
(a) A, B, C Only (b) B, C, D Only rote learning will only let you know what you read-
(c) A, D, E Only (d) A, B, E Only listen but you will never be able to have 'xperience to
Ans.(c): When qualitative and quantative research is deal with something unsee.' Hence assertion is correct
concerned at a same palteform so the manner of absuring but reason is not correct.
question, importance of trasnparency and exploration of 43. Given below are two statements:
variation & data become pivotal as they ensure continuity. Statement I : Aristotelian syllogism has three
But in case of (B) and (C) so the preferenal must be to terms.
macro & micro alongwith extra data, and aslo issue Statement II : Nyaya syllogism has five terms.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
resolving must be done. If these two are not performed you most appropriate answer from the options
may not ensure the quality of research. Hence (B) and (C) given below:
are not appropriate and others are correct. (a) Both statement I and statement II are correct
41. Given below are two statements: (b) Both statement I and statement II are correct
Statement I : Triangulation is described as that (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is
of researchers taking different perspectives in correct
answering research questions. (d) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is
correct
Statements II : Triangulation is expected to
Ans.(b): Syllogisms are structures of sentences each of
produce knowledge from different insights to
which can meaningfully be called true or false. Aristotcle
promote quality research. syllogism consists of the successive assertions, the first
In the light of the above statements, choose the two are premises and third one is conclusion. Nyaya
most appropriate answer from the options syllogism has terms consectary, pledge, example, upanay
given below: & Hetu.
(a) Both statement I and statement II are correct Hence, statement I and statement II both are correct.
(b) Both statement I and statement II are Note–UGC has considered the answer option (c) this
incorrect question which is wrong.

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44. The Microsoft Office Powerpoint, there are two Ans.(c): The whose passage expresses about the
types of slide orientation that are supported. libertarian paternalism. The concept's libetarian
What are these orientation types? paternalism asserts that people should be free to choose.
(a) Portrait and Landscape Libertarian paternalist are cliferty preserves who strive
(b) Upright and Landscape to maintain or increase the freedom of choice and do not
(c) Portrait and Facedown want to burden the people who want to exrcise their
(d) Landscape and Facedown freedom. Hence th e focuse of passage is on "the
Ans.(a): In the Microsoft (MS) Office PowerPoint there freedom of choices for a better society."
are two types of slide orientation whose anmes are 47. The libertarian paternalists seek policies aimed to
landscap & portrait. While landscap is normal (a) Change the people's preferences
orientation while portrait is a full screen wide (b) Preserve the people's liverty of choice
orientation and a rotational orientation. Alongwith (c) Burden the people with choices
windows both have been used on an extensive basis in (d) Make the people's choices legitimate.
Mac, Android, Bass Linux etc. Ans.(b): The libertarian paternalist seek policies aimed to
45. Which of the following forms of categorical is valid? preserve the people's liberty of choice. Inthe previous
(A) Some S is not P (B) Some S is P solution also it has been mentioned. Here libertarian
(C) No S is P (D) All S is P paternalists also argue that yet sometimes choosers make
Choose the correct answer from the options wrong decisions but still they must have a freedom of
given below: choice an they should be free to do what they like.
(a) A, B and C Only (b) B, C and D Only 48. The libertarian strategy insists that people
(c) A, C and D Only (d) A, B, C, D should opt for
Ans.(*): NTA has excluded this question from evaluation. (a) Freedom of choice
Read the passage and answer questions from (b) Paternalistic support
questions 46 to 50: (c) Even undesirable arrangements
There is an new movement called libertarian (d) Modification of their freedom
paternalism which is not attractive. Both words are Ans.(a): If we take libertarian and paternalists alone so
characterised by stereotypes from popular culture and "libertarians" are somewhat more rigid the "libertarian
politics that make them unappealing to many. Even paternalists" when it comes to the freedom of choice.
worse, the concepts seem to be contradictory. If the The advocate for freedome of choice despite of
terms are properly understood, both concepts reflect individuals incorretness.
common sense. They are far more attractive together 49. The movement of libertarian paternalism is
than alone. According to the libertarian strategy, pepole unattractive as it is a combination of:
should be free to do what they like. It is also to opt out of (a) Common sense concepts
undesirable arrangements, f they want to do so. The
(b) Dogmatic concepts
libertarian paternalists urge that people should be free
(c) Contradictory concepts
to choose. Polices are designed to maintain or increase
(d) Popular culture and politics
freedom of choice. The paternalistic aspect lies in the
claim that it is legitimate for choice architects to try to Ans.(c): The movement of libertarian paternalism is
influence people's behaviour. It is to make people's lives unattractive as its a combination of two lone
longer, healthier and better. Institutions in private contradictory concepts "libertarian and paternalists".
sector and also the government should make conscious Here libertarians aspect asserts that people should be
efforts to steer people's choices to improve their lives. A free to choose but paternalist approach says that it is
policy is paternalistic, if it tries to influence choices that ligitimage to influence people's choices to make their
make choosers better off, as judged by people lives better. Hence together they seem to be attractive
themselves. It is a fact that individuals make often pretty but in lone way are a bit countraditory.
bad decisions. These would not have been made, had 50. The government and private institutions should
they paid full attention and possessed complete make efforts to
information, unlimited cognitive abilities and complete (a) Prevent people from taking bad decisions
self-control. Libertarian paternalism, however, is a (b) Allow people to go their own way
relatively weak, soft and non-intrusive type of (c) Make people judge themselves
paternalism, because it does not force people from (d) Steer people's choices for improving their lives
taking bad decisions.
Ans.(d): In the last the passage leans towards combined
46. The focus of the passge is on
concept of libertarian paternalism where individuals
(a) The opposition to libertarian paternalism
freedom of choice must be conserved but public and
(b) The unlimited cognitive abilities of individuals
private institutions may also have right to influence so
(c) The freedom of choices for a better society that any bad choice is not opted by any individual.
(d) The need to ignore the defects of libertarian Hence option (d) is correct.
paternalism

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 01 Oct., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction (1-5): The following table shows the 3. If P and Q are the difference between the number
percentage (%) distribution of students of boys and girls in class A and class C,
studying in six classes A-F of a school and respectively, then the percentage of P with
shows the ratio of boys to girls among them.
Number of students studying in all six classes reference to Q is
together is 600. (a) 80% (b) 120%
Class-wise distribution of students (c) 100% (d) 90%
Class (%) Students Ratio Ans.(c): Given that,
Boys:Girls
P → Difference in number of boys in A and C
A 20% 3:2
Q → Difference in number of girls in A and C
B 12% 3:1
Difference in number of boys in A and C
C 16% 5:3
3 5 
D 15% 8:7 = 600  × 20% − × 16% 
E 21% 4:3  5 8 
F 16% 1:1 P = 600(12% – 10%) = 12
1. In the given pair of classes, which two classes Difference in number of girls in A and C
have an equal number of boys in them? 2 3 
(a) A and C (b) C and F = 600  × 20% − × 16% 
(c) D and F (d) E and F 5 8 
Ans.(c): No. of students (boys) is as Q = 600(8% – 6%) = 12
3 12
Class A → 600 × × 20% = 72 ∴ P's percent in context to Q = × 100 = 100%
5 12
5 4. Number of boys in class B is ............% more
Class C → 600 × × 16% = 60
8 than the number of girls in class F.
8 (a) 8.5% (b) 12.5%
Class D → 600 × × 15% = 48
15 (c) 15% (d) 17.5%
4 1
Class E → 600 × × 21% = 72 Ans. (b) : No. of girls in class F = 600 × × 16% = 48
7 2
1 3
Class F → 600 × × 16% = 48 No. of boys in class B = 600 × × 12% = 54
2 4
∴ It is clear from the above data, that the no. of boys in
54 − 48
class D and F are same as (48) ∴ Percentage = ×100
2. The average of the number of girls studying in 48
all six classes, A-F, is 6 100 25
(a) 41 (b) 42 = × 100 = = = 12.5%
48 8 2
(c) 43 (d) 44
5. The difference between the number of boys and
Ans. (a) : The number of girls studying in all six classes
A-F is the number of girls in all the six classes A-F
together, is
2 1 3 7 3 1 
= 600  × 20% + ×12% + × 16% + × 15% + × 21% + × 16% (a) 102 (b) 114
5 4 8 15 7 2
(c) 106 (d) 108
 40 12 48 7 9 16 
= 600  + + + + +  Ans. (d) : No. of boys in all 6 classes
 500 400 800 100 100 200  3 3 5 8 4 1 
600 = 600  × 20% + × 12% + × 16% + × 15% + × 21% + × 16% 
= × (8 + 3 + 6 + 7 + 9 + 8) 5 4 8 15 7 2 
100 = 600 × (12% + 9% + 10% + 8% + 12% + 18%)
= 6 × 41 = 246 = 600 × 59% = 354
246
∴ Required average = = 41 No. of girls in all six classes = 600 – 354 = 246
6 ∴ Required difference = 354 – 246 = 108
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6. Mediated communication reflects Ans.(a): In the As is totelian syllogism, the major term
(a) The communicator's cultural background and the minor term stand apart in the premises though
(b) Social expectations of the under-privileged they are connected by the middle term with each other.
(c) Ethical desires of the society This statement is correct. In Nyaya syllogism, all the
(d) Majoritarian hegemony of language three terms stand synthesised in Upanaya. This
Ans.(a): Mediated communication reflects the cultural statement is also correct as Upanaya in Indian Nyaya
background of the communicator. Mediatd syllogism corresponds to the minor premise in
communication refers to the communication carried out Aristotelion syllogism. Therefore both the statement are
by the use of information communication technology correct.
can be contrasted to face to face communication. The 9. "Education is the manifestation of perfection
culture in which individuals are socialized influences already in man" was stated by:
the ways they communicate and the way individuals (a) Rabindranath Tagore
communicate can change the culture. (b) Swami Vivekanand
7. Miss Madhu clicks on a web link received in a (c) M.K. Gandhi
message on her phone which promises her a (d) Sri Aurobindo
complimentary trip to a destination of her Ans.(b): Swami Vivekanand describes religion as.
choice. She forwarded this message to her Education is the manifestation of the divinity already in
friend. Arun and asked him to do the same. But man. He also defines education as the manifestation of the
Arun refuses and tells Madhu that her personal perfection already in man. Here the word manifestation
and private information such as online account implies that something already exists and is waiting to be
names, login information and passwords can be expressed. According to him knowledge is inherent in man
stolen and she should be careful of such .......... not acquired from external sources.
attacks.
10. For which of the following forms of categorial
(a) Phishing (b) Spamming
propositions contraposition is valid?
(c) Scamming (d) Plagiarism
A. Some S is P
Ans.(a): Miss Madhu clicks on a web link received in a
B. Some S is not P
message on her phone which promises her a
complimentary trip to a destination of her choice. She C. No S is P
forwarded this message to her friend. Arun and asked D. All S is P
him to do the same. But Arun refuses and tells Madhu Choose the correct answer from the options
that her personal and private information such as online given below:
account names, login information and passwords can be (a) A, C and D only (b) A, B, C and D
stolen and she should be careful of such phishing (c) A, B and C only (d) B, C and D only
attacks. Phishing is a type of online fraud that involves
Ans.(d): Some S is not P
tricking people into providing sensitive information,
No S is P
such as passwords or credit card numbers, by
masquerading as a trustworthy source. All S is P
For all above forms of categorial propositions
8. Given below are two statements: contraposition is valid.
Statement I: In the Aristoelian syllogism, the
11. The average weight of 25 students of section A
major term and the minor term stand apart in the
premises though they are connected by the middle of a class is 60 kg. whereas the average weight
term with each other. of 35 students of section B of the same class is
Statement II: In Nyaya syllogism, all the three 62.5 kg. Find out the average weight of all the
terms stand synthesised in Upanaya. 60 students of the class.
In light of the above statements, choose the (a) 60.5 (b) 62.2
most appropriate answer from the options (c) 61.2 (d) 61.46
given below: Ans.(d): Weight of 25 students of class A section
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct = 25 × 60 = 1500 kg
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are Weight of 35 students of class B section
incorrect = 35 × 62.5 = 2187.5 kg
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is ∴ Average of all 60 students of the class
incorrect
1500 + 2187.5 3687.5
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is = = = 61.46
correct 60 60

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12. The development of MOOCS for undergraduate 16. Solar ponds
disciplines has been given to which of the A. produce potable water
following National Coordinators? B. are thermal energy collectors
(a) IIM Bangalore C. use salt gradient to inhibit heat loss
(b) All India Council of Technical Education D. are used for swimming in cold regions
(AICTE)
E. produce heated water
(c) Consortium of Educational Communication
Choose the correct answer from the options
(CEC)
given below
(d) Indira Gandhi National Open University
(a) A, B and C only
(IGNOU)
(b) B, C and E only
Ans.(c): The development of MOOCS for undergraduate
(c) A, B, C and D only
disciplines has been given to Consortium of Educational
Communication (CEC). The consortium for educational (d) B, C, D and E only
communication (CEC) is an autonomous Inter-University Ans.(b): Solar ponds are a natural or artificial body of
center of University Grants Commission (UGC) on water for collecting and absorbing solar radiation energy
Electronic Media. CEC has been established with the goal and storing it as heat. Thus a solar pond are thermal energy
of addressing the needs of higher education through the collectors, which uses salt gradient to inhibit heat loss as
powerful medium of television. because of salt contain they also produces heated water.
13. Both qualitative and quantitative research are The solar pond bottom water is more dense than the cooler
concerned with fresh water at the top. So we can say that solar ponds are
(a) Data reduction (b) Artificial settings thermal energy collectors, use salt gradient to inhibit heat
(c) Uniformity of data (d) Social fantasy loss and produce heated water.
Ans.(a): Both qualitative and quantitative research are 17. Given below are two statements:
concerned with data reduction. Both the research Statement I : Millennium Development Goals
approaches use analysis that helps us to explain, (MDGs) had a total of 31 targets to be achieved by
describe and compare things that we are interested in 2015.
while qualitative research does this through analysis of Statement II : There are 8 goals in MDGs and 17
words, text and explanations whereas quantitative is SDGs.
research does through reducing your data into numerical In light of the above statements, choose the
form or into graphs. correct answer from the options given below :
14. Which of the following is the name of the (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
founder of Classical Indian School of Logic? (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) Kumaril (b) Kautilya (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(c) Gautam (d) Isvarkrishna (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans.(c): Gautama was the founder of Classical Indian Ans.(d): Statement I: Millennium Development Goals
School of Logic. Gautama is believed to have written (MDGs) had a total of 31 targets to be achieved by 2015
the Nyaya-sutra in 550 BC which is considered the is a false statement because Millennium Development
earliest writing of the Indian system of logic. Anviksiki Goals (MDGs) had a total of 8 targets to be achieved by
is the science of critical study, reasoning and debate that the year 2015.
has developed since ancient times in the building of
Statement II: There are 8 goals in MDGs and 17 is
vedic knowledge.
SDGs is correct.
15. The snowball sampling method can be employed
18. Which informal logical fallacy is committed in
in:
the following statement?
(a) Historical research
'If you give him an inch, he will take a mile'.
(b) Ethnographic research
(a) Slippery slope
(c) Content analysis
(b) Appeal to force
(d) Narrative analysis
(c) Appeal to authority
Ans.(b): The snowball sampling method can be
(d) Hasty generalization
employed in Ethnographic research. Snow ball
sampling is a non-probability sampling method where Ans. (a) : 'If you give him an inch, he will take a mile'.
currently enrolled research participants help recruit Slippery slope of informal logical fallacy is committed
future subjects for a study. This technique is called in the above statement. The slippery slope fallacy is a
'snowball' because the sample group grows like a rolling logical fallacy that claims one event or action will lead
snowball. to another, more extreme event or action.

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19. Given below are two statements: 22. Two numbers are in the ratio of 6:7. If 12 is
Statement I : The binary equivalent of decimal added to each of the numbers, their ratio
number (19)10 is (10101)2. becomes 7:8. Find the two numbers.
Statement II: (1011)2. + (110)2 = (10101)2 (a) 72, 84 (b) 84, 96
In light of the above statements, choose the (c) 84, 98 (d) 96, 84
correct answer from the options given below: Ans.(a): Let both the number be 6x and 7x.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true As per the question,
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
6x + 12 7
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false =
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true 7x + 12 8
⇒ 48x + 96 = 49x + 84
Ans. (b) : The binary equivalent of decimal number
(19)10 is (10101)2. This statement is false. As:- Or 49x – 48x = 96 – 84
x = 12
2 19
Both numbers 6x and 7x
2 9 1 = 6 × 12 and 7 × 12
2 4 1 = 72 and 84
2 2 0 23. Given below are two statements:
1 0 Statement I: A research design is blueprint that
guides the use of a research method and analysis
(19)10 = (10011)2 ≠ (10101)2
of data.
Statement II: (1011)2. + (110)2 = (10101)2 is false as :–
Statement II: A research design is in no way
(1011)2 + (110)2 = (010001)2
connected with the expression of causal relations
∴ Both statements are false. between variables.
20. World Wide Web (WWW) was invented by In light of the above statements, choose the
whom? most appropriate answer from the options
(a) Alan Turing given below:
(b) Steve Jobs (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(c) Bill Gates (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(d) Tim Berners-Lee (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Ans. (d) : Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working Ans.(c): Statement I: A research design is a blueprint
at CERN. The web was originally conceived and that guides the use of a research method and analysis of
developed to meet the demand for automated data. This statement is correct as a research design is a
information - sharing between scientists in universities comprehensive plan for data collection in an empirical
and institutes around the world. The basic idea of the research project. It is a 'blueprint' for empirical research.
www was to merge the evolving technologies of Statement II: A research design is in no way connected
computers, data networks and hypertext into a powerful with the expression of causal relations between
variables. This statement is incorrect as a research
and easy to use global information system.
design in connected one or the other way with the
21. Miss Anita is excited to use a new software expression of causal relations between variables.
which is freely available to download but she
24. Individuals participating in online communities
cannot modify or change the source code. Anita can remain anonymous and create fictitious
is using: personas. The ethical concern of this
(a) Freeware anonymity is that it
(b) Open-source software (a) facilitates engagement in unethical behaviour
(c) Firmware (b) promotes free expression of ideas
(d) Liveware (c) enables the government of check the
Ans.(a): Miss Anita is excited to use a new software background of communities
which is freely available to download but she cannot (d) simplifies business market research
modify or change the source code. Anita is using Ans.(a): Individuals participating in online communities
freeware. Freeware is a type of proprietory software that can remain anonymous and create fictitious personas. The
is released without charge to the public. Freeware is ethical concern of this anonymity is that it facilitates
often created by independent developers and made engagement in unethical behaviour. The internet is an
available for download on their own websites or increasingly popular tool in family and child research that
through third party app stores. is argued to pose new ethical challenges.
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25. The University Grants Commission (UGC) 28. Simple interest accrued on a certain sum is
covers the following: 16/25 of the principal sum. If the numerical
A. Universities value of the rate of annual interest (%) and
B. University Teaching Departments time (years) are equal, what is annual rate of
C. Affiliated colleges interest?
D. Teacher Training Institutions (a) 10% (b) 7%
E. Nursing institutions (c) 6% (d) 8%
Choose the correct answer from the options P×R ×T
given below Ans.(d): ∵ Simple interest =
100
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, D and E only
where, P = Principal, T = Time, and R = Rate of interest
(c) A, B and D only (d) B, C and D only
As per the question,
Ans.(a): The University Grants Commission (UGC)
16 P×R ×R
came into existence on 28th December, 1953 and P= (∵ R = T)
became a statutory organization of the Government of 25 100
India by an act of Parliament in 1956 for the 16
coordination, determination and maintenance of ×100 = R 2
25
standards of teaching, examination and research in R2 = 64
university education. It covers the following–
R = 8%
• Universities
29. If the statement, 'Some officers are not honest'
• University Teaching Departments
is given as false, then which of the following
• Affiliated colleges.
statements can be inferred to be true?
26. Which of the following are of practical A. All honest beings are officers
significance in research?
B. Some officers are honest
A. Social pressure
C. No officers are honest
B. Research topic
D. All officers are honest
C. Research design
D. Research method Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
E. Comparison with fellow researchers
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) B only (b) D only
given below: (c) A and C only (d) B and D only
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, D and E only Ans.(d): If the statement, 'Some officers are not honest'
(c) C, D and E only (d) B, C and D only is given as false, then the following statements can be
Ans. (d) : Research is the careful consideration of study inferred to be true.
regarding a particular concern or problem using Statement B - Some officers are honest.
scientific methods or in other words we can say that Statement D - All officers are honest.
research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, 30. Find the missing term in the given series.
predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research
16, 20, 25, 30, 36, 42, 49, ?
topic, research design and research method are of
(a) 91 (b) 64
practical significance in research.
(c) 56 (d) 70
27. Which of the following tools can be used for
traditional offline teaching? Ans.(c):
(a) Projector (b) Powerpoint
(c) Physical models (d) LMS
Ans.(c): The usual traditional offline teaching aids are
blackboards, textbooks, charts, pictures, posters maps,
atlases, globes, flashcards, flip cards, worksheets, science ∴ ? = 56
lab apparatus and materials and physical models. A
physical model represents a physical construct whose 31. In a certain coding scheme 'MOTHER' is
characteristics resemble the physical characteristics of the coded as 'OQVJGT'. How will 'PARTNER' be
modeled system. Physical model can also be seen and coded in the same coding scheme?
touched and can be felt by our sense organs. So physical (a) RDUTOHU (b) REUTOHU
models tools can be used for traditional offline teaching. (c) RETUOGT (d) RCTVPGT

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Ans.(d): Ans.(a): Statement I: One of the critical elements in the
As, Same way conceptual definition of communication is the level of
observation. This statement is true.
Statement II: We should not forget the factor of
intentionality of communication to understand it. This
statement is also true. Therefore both statements are
true.
35. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is important for
(a) Drinking water (b) Rain water
(c) Underground water (d) River water
∴ PARTNER will be coded as RCTVPGT.
Ans.(d): Dissolved oxygen refers to the amount of
32. Which of the following are the products of
oxygen (O2) dissolved in water or a given solution.
grounded theory?
Oxygen is an essential element for all forms of life.
A. Experimental framework
Earth consists of around 71% of water and all forms of
B. Concepts
life rely on oxygen that is dissolved in water whether it
C. Hypotheses may be river, sea or an ocean. As every living aquatic
D. Attributes of a category plants and animals relies on oxygen to survive in water.
E. Theoretical dilution
36. While designing assessments, teacher must
Choose the correct answer from the options
focus on which of the following as per Outcome
given below:
Based Education (OBE)?
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
(a) Activities (b) Reading material
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only
(c) Pre-requisites (d) Learning outcomes
Ans.(b): Grounded theory is a qualitative method that
enables us to study a particular phenomenon or process Ans.(d): While designing assessments, teacher must
and discover now theories that are based on the focus on learning outcomes as per Outcome Based
collection and analysis of real world data. Grounded Education (OBE). Learning outcomes are statements
theory is an inductive approach where new theories are that describe the knowledge or skills students should
derived from data. Concepts, Hypothesis and attributes acquire by the end of a particular assignment, class,
of a category are the products of grounded theory. course or program. The term assessment refers to the
33. Meaning of transmitted message in wide variety of methods or tools that educators use to
communication is a evaluate, measure and document the academic
(a) Sender activity (b) Receiver activity readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition or
(c) Channel activity (d) Collaborative activity educational needs of students.
Ans.(d): Transmitted message in communication is a 37. Which of the following are the traits of non-
collaborative activity. In any work setting, collaboration verbal communication?
and communication are the backbones of progress and A. It has limited meaning
success. They represent two sides of the same coin - B. It does not have substitution.
they need each other to co-exist. But when we combine C. It can convey contextual meaning.
these two we get collaborative communication, a type D. It can influence receptors.
of communication that makes it easy to work in a team E. It can affect personal relationship.
and achieve a certain goal.
Choose the correct answer from the options
34. Given below are two statements : given below:
Statement I : One of the critical elements in the (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
conceptual definition of communication is the
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, D and E only
level of observation.
Statement II : We should not forget the factor of Ans.(c): Non-verbal, also called manual language, is the
intentionality of communication to understand it. process of sending and receiving messages without
In light of the above statements, choose the using words either spoken or written. The traits of non-
correct answer from the options given below: verbal communication are as follows–
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true • It can convey contextual meaning.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false • It can influence receptors.
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false • It can affect personal relationship.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true • It uses multiple channels.
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38. Which of the five essential characteristics of the 41. Which of the following is the correct full form
middle term (hetu) is violated when an inference of NIDI?
involves a non-inferentially contradicted middle? (a) National Institute of Distance Instruction
(a) Middle term must be absent in all negative (b) National Intellectual Data Initiative
instances in which the major term is absent
(c) National Inter Development Institute
(b) Middle term must be non-incompatible with
(d) National Initiative for Design Innovation
the minor term
(c) Middle term must be present in the minor Ans.(d): NIDI full form is National Initiative for
term Design Innovation. Government has launched this
(d) Middle term must be present in all positive scheme of ' National Initiative for Design Innovation' in
instances in which the major term is present March 2014. The objective of this scheme is to promote
Ans.(b): Middle term must be non-incompatible with a culture of innovation and create problem solving.
the minor term is one of the five characteristics of the Under this scheme more than 50 start ups have been
middle term (hetu) is violated when an inference initiated around 2000 innovative products delivered and
involves a non-inferentially contradicted middle. approximately 250 patents are filed.
39. Given below are two statements: 42. The only energy source which is not in anyway
Statement I: According to NEP 2020, all funding related to Sun is
agencies of Research in the country will merge (a) Hydro (b) Tidal
into a single entity - National Research
(c) Wind (d) Geothermal
Foundation (NRF).
Statement II: The main objective of NRF is to Ans.(d): The only energy source which is not in
catalyze quality research in our country. anyway related to Sun is Geothermal energy.
In light of the above statements, choose the Geothermal energy is heat that is generated within the
correct answer from the options given below: earth. It is a renewable resource that can be harvested
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true for human use. This energy is the heat produced in the
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false earth's core, which is clean, renewable resource that can
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false be harnessed for use as heat and electricity.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true 43. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
Ans. (d) : According to NEP 2020, all funding agencies as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
of Research in the country will merge into a single Reason R
entity - National Research Foundation (NRF). This Assertion A : As regards communication, a major
statement is false. Whereas the other statement i.e. The function is to build, manipulate and use symbols.
main objective of NRF is to catalyze quality research in
Reason R: One of the functions of
our country is correct. The goal of the NRF will be to
communication is to entertain the receivers.
enable a culture of research to permeate through our
universities. The primary activities of the NRF is to In light of the above statements, choose the
fund competitive, peer reviewed grant proposals of all correct answer from the options given below:
types and across all disciplines. (a) Both (A) are (R) are true and (R) is correct
40. Which of the following are Green House explanation of (A).
Gases? (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Nitrogen dioxide correct explanation of (A).
(C) Methane (D) Chloroflourocarbons (c) A is true but (R) is false.
(E) Benzene (d) A is false but (R) is true.
Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(b): As regards communication, a major function is
given below:
to build, manipulate and use symbols. This statement is
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, B, C and D only
true.
(c) A, C and D only (d) C, D and E only
One of the functions of communication is to entertain
Ans.(c): Those gases which trap heat in the earth's
the receivers. This statement is also correct but (R) is
atmosphere are known to be Green house gases. The
not the correct explanation of (A). As the main function
main green house gases whose concentrations are rising
are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluoro of communication is to inform, to persuade and to
carbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Ozone, motivate. To entertain is also a function of
Sulphur hexafluoride, Nitrogen trifluoride etc. communication but it is not the primary function.

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44. Which of the following are correct in the case Commodification mechanisms are simultaneously
of Learning Management System (LMS)? empowering and disempowering to users. The connector
A. LMS is a software platforms allow individual users to market their personal
B. LMS can be used for virtual teacher- assets or experiences online be it their apartments, ride,
student groups eyewitness report or video. They help commodity users
C. LMS is a hardware activity, enabling users to become entrepreneurs in their
D. LMS can be used for online quizzes own right. On the other hand, the same platform
E. LMS can be used for making institutional mechanisms of commodification involve the exploitation
websites of cultural labour, labour of users and on-demand service
Choose the correct answer from the options workers. Furthermore, these mechanisms lead to a
given below: concentration of economic power in the hands of a few
(a) A, B and E only (b) B, C and D only platform owners and operators who act as aggregators
(c) A, B and D only (d) A, B, D and E only and gatekeeping mediators.
Ans.(c): A Learning Management System (LMS) is a 46. When ideas and emotions are converted into
software application or web-based technology used to tradable commodities, it is a form of
plan, implement and assess a specific learning process. (a) Transformational trade
It is used fore learning practices. Following are correct (b) User preference
in the case of Learning Management System (LMS)–
(c) Commodification
A. LMS is a software
(d) Currency manipulation
B. LMS can be used for virtual teacher students groups.
C. LMS can be used for online quizzes. Ans.(c): When ideas and emotions are converted into
45. Which Committee/Commission stressing upon tradable commodities, it is a form of commodification.
women's education stated that, "women's and 47. When massive amounts of user data are
men's education should have many elements in processed by online platforms, it is known as
common, but should not be in general, identical (a) Personalized service
in all respects as is usually the case today." (b) Selection mechanism
(a) Kasturirangan Committee (c) Data ecosystem
(b) Radhakrishnan Commission (d) Datafication
(c) Anandkrishnan Committee
Ans.(d): When massive amounts of user data are
(d) Kothari Commission
processed by online platforms, it is known as
Ans.(b): Radhakrishnan Commission stressing upon
Datafication.
women's education stated that, "women's and men's
education should have many elements in common, but 48. The passage presents the different facets of
should not be in general, identical in all respects as is (a) Online empowerment
usually the case today." The Radhakrishnan (b) Online business models
Commission was estasblished to investigate the (c) Sectoral platforms
situation of Indian University education and make (d) Commodification of intangible assets
recommendations for improvements.
Ans.(d): The passage presents the different facets of
Direction (46-50) :
commodification of intangible assets.
The mechanism of commodification involves
platforms transforming online and offline objects, 49. Commodification mechanism has its place in
activities, emotions and ideas into tradable commodities. (a) Traditional business models
These commodities are valued through four different (b) Multisided markets
types of currency: attention data, users and money. (c) Online support systems
Commodification is intensified by mechanisms of (d) Single commodity markets
datafication as the massive amount of user data is
Ans.(b): Commodification mechanism has its place in
collected and processed by online platforms.
Multisided markets.
This provides insight into users interest, preferences
and need at particular moments in time. It also ties into 50. Commodification mechanisms are
mechanisms of selection as these users are connected (a) All powerful
with personalized services and advertisements. (b) Data producers
Commodification includes, but does not equal, business (c) Legacy institutions
models of singular platforms. Rather, the mechanism
(d) Paradoxical instruments to users
plays out in the multi-sided markets created through the
platform ecosystem, which connects the infrastructural Ans.(b&d): Commodification mechanisms are data
core with sectoral platforms. producers and paradoxical instruments to users.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 30 Sep., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

The following table presents data about the Required
number of men, women and children and Number of over weight men
percentage (%) of overweight men, overweight Percentage= ×100
Number of normal men
women and overweight children in a city 14,625
during the last six years from 2016 to 2021. = × 100
24,375
Year - wise Distribution of Population in a city.
Year Number Percentage (%) of
= 60%
Overweight 3. What was the difference between the number
Men Women Children Men Women Children of overweight women and overweight children
2016 27000 19000 7500 15% 36% 30% together in the year 2018 and the number of
2017 37500 32000 10500 7% 35% 28% overweight men in the same year?
2018 31500 30000 6000 30% 25% 35%
(a) 150 (b) 450
2019 33000 27000 8000 16% 30% 30%
(c) 345 (d) 865
2020 35000 34000 10000 12% 27% 32%
2021 39000 37500 22500 37.50% 22% 36% Ans.(a): Number of overweight women in 2018 = 25%
1. What was the ratio of the number of 25
= 30,000 × ⇒ 7500
overweight women in the year 2018 to the 100
number of overweight men in the year 2020 ? Number of overweight children in 2018 = 35%
(a) 6 : 7 (b) 21 : 65 35
= 6000 × ⇒ 2100
(c) 15 : 73 (d) 25 : 14 100
Ans.(d): Number of overweight Women in 2018 Number of overweight men in 2018 = 30%
= 25% (of the total number of females) 30
= 31,500 × ⇒ 9450
25 100
= 30,000 × So, the total number of overweight women and children
100
in 2018 and the difference between the overweight men
= 7500 in the same year (2018)
Number of overweight Men in 2020 = (7500+2100) – 9450
= 12% = 9600 – 9450
12 = 150
= 30,000 ×
100 4. What was the total number of children who
= 4200 were not overweight in the year 2016 and 2017
So, Required Ratio = 7500 : 4200 together?
= 75 : 42 (a) 4530 (b) 4350
= 25 : 14 (c) 12810 (d) 14820
Ans.(c): Children not suffering from overweight in 2016
2. The number of overweight men in the year
= (100 – 30)
2021 was what percent of the number of men
= 70%
who were not overweight in the same year?
(a) 55% (b) 60% 70
= 7500 ×
(c) 50.5% (d) 65.5% 100
= 5250
Ans.(b): Number of overweight Men in 2021 = 37.5%
Children not suffering from overweight in 2017
37.5 = (100 – 28)
= 39000 ×
100 = 72%
= 14,625 72
In 2021, the number of Men who does not suffer from = 10,500 ×
100
overweight problem = Total Number – 14, 625 = 7560
= 39,000 – 14,625 Total number of children who does not suffer from
= 24, 375 overweight problem = 5250 + 7560
So, = 12,810

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5. What was the average of the number of men, 7. Arrange the following water bodies in
women and children who were overweight in increasing order of the quantity of freshwater
the year 2019? they hold:
(a) 4812 (b) 5016 A. Ice and snow
(c) 5395 (d) 5260 B. Freshwater lakes and reservoirs
Ans.(d): Number of overweighting males in 2019 = 16% C. Groundwater
16 D. River and streams
= 33,000 ×
100 Choose the correct answer from the options
= 5280 given below
Number of overweighting females in 2019 = 30% (a) D,B,C,A (b) B,C,D,A,
30 (c) B,D,A,C (d) D,B,A,C
= 27,000 ×
100 Ans.(a): Water in Sea's and Oceans are known as Saline
= 8100 Water While other remaining water is termed as fresh water
Number of overweighting children in 2019 = 30% Reservoir Percentage of water
30 1. Oceans 97.25
= 8,000 ×
100 2. Ice caps & Glaciers 2.05
= 2400 3. Ground Water 0.68
So, The total number of overweighting peoples (male,
female, children) in 2019 = 5280 + 8100 + 2400 4. Lakes 0.01
= 15, 780 5. Soil Moisture 0.005
15,780 6. Atmosphere 0.001
And the average of all three are =
3 7. Streams & Rivers 0.0001
= 5260 8. Biosphere 0.00004
6. Some of the most notable universities that Thus, the increasing order of quantity of fresh water is:
evolved during ancient period in India were (d) Rivers and streams (0.0001%) < (b) Fresh water and
situated at: reservoirs< (c) Ground water < (a) Ice and snow.
(A) Takshashila (B) Vikramshila So, option (a) is correct
(C) Jagaddala (D) Odantapuri
(E) Nalanda 8. Which among the following hazards can occur
Choose the correct answer from the options due to anthropogenic causes ?
given below: A. Cyclones B. Nuclear Disaster
(a) A.B,C,D and E (b) A,B, and E only C. Floods D. Volcanoes
(c) A,B,C and E only (d) A,B,D,and E only E. Forest fires
Ans.(a): Takshashila (means city of cut stone or rock of Choose the correct answer from the options
Taksha) was known as Intellectual capital of India. given below:
Taskshashila University followed Hinduism irituality (a) A,B,and D only (b) B,C and D only
chanakya (writer of Arthsastra) Maharishi Charak (c) B,D and E only (d) B,C and E only
(writer of Charak Sahita) and Panini, etc. Scholars are
famous teachers and alumini of Takshashila University Ans.(d): Anthropogenic means changes in nature
(600 BC-500 AD). influenced by people directly or indirectly.
Nalanda was a acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist
monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. Nalanda
Mahavihara was founded by tha Gupta Emperor Kumar
Gupta in the early 5th Century. In 12th Century Bakhityar
Khilge demolished the monastery killed the Monks and
Burned the valuable library. Odantapuri Mahaviharas
University also located in Magadha. It was second oldest Earth Quakes, Tsunami, Flood and Droughts are natural
of India's mahaviharas after Nalanda University. disasters.
Jagaddala Mahaviharas was also belongs to Buddhist Due to various anthropogenic activities green house
philosophy founded by Kings of Pala. Vikramshila gases are add into the atmoshphere, which lead to an
University was built by King Dharamapala in 8th century,
inspired by Nalanda opend to only those who wished to increase in global temperature/warming.
become Buddhist monks. After completing their education, Thus, Nuclear Disaster, Flood and Forest fires are
these monks travelled to far-off lands spread Buddhism. hazards occur due to anthropogenic cause.
Some other notable university in ancient period of India 9. Which of the following is not an essential
are Valabhi University (600AD-1200AD), Kashmir component required for video-conferencing
smast, sharada peeth, Pushpagiri Vihara etc. system?
These institutions are attracted the students from the other (a) Video Camera (b) Display Device
asian countries students like Tibet, Nepal, Korea, China etc. (c) Telephone (d) Microphone
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Ans.(c): Video conferencing is live, visual connection (c) By 2030, double the global rate of
between two or more parties over the internet that improvement in energy efficiency.
stimulates a face to face meeting. (d) By 2030, reduce by one-fifth the premature
mortality from non-communicable diseases.
Video conferencing system are many types like Ans.(c): The 17 Goals were adopted by United Nation
Telepresence video conferencing system (for Business and Members in 2015, as part of the 2030 Agenda for
TV Interviews), Integrated video conferencing system (for sustainable development.
classroom and boardroom), Desktop video conferencing (1) No Poverty (2) Zero Hunger (3) Good Health and
system (for quick office meeting) and service-based video well being (4) Quality Education (5) Gender Equality
conferencing system (Network set-up and less (6) Clean water and Sanitation (7) Affordable and clean
responsibility). energy (8) Decent work and Economic growth (9)
Top video conferencing software are Go to Meeting, Skype, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (10) Reduced
Inequalities (11) Sustainable cities and communities
Cisco Webex Meetings, Google Hangouts Meet and Zoom. (12) Responsible consumption and production (13)
The essential required component of video conferencing Climate action (14) Life below water (15) Life on land
system are (16) Peace, Justice and strong Institutions (17)
(i) Stable internet connection (Wi-Fi or Li-Fi) Partnerships for the goals are sustainable goals and 169
(ii) A Video display device (Laptop, desktop) specific targets to be achieved by 2030.
As Index 14.5.1 protected Marine Areas, "By 2020,
(iii) Computer or conference phone conserve at least 10% of coastal and marine areas,
(iv) Other peripherals (Webcam, Microphone, headset, consistent with national and international law."
speaker etc.) Target 2.3 seeks to halve global food waste at retail and
(v) Video conferencing software consumes levels as to reduce food loss during
Thus, Telephone is not required for video-conferencing production and supply. Target 3.4 seeks to by 2030,
reduce one-third premature mortality from non-
system. communicable diseases through prevention, treatment
10. Which of the following is NOT correct and promote mental health and well being.
regarding Digilocker, a key initiative under 12. Find the missing number in the series :
'Digital India' Programme of Government of 2, 10, 30, 68, 130, 222, ?
India? (a) 350 (b) 352
(a) Indian citizens who sign up for a Digilocker (c) 194 (d) 104
account get a dedicated cloud storage space Ans.(a):
that is limited to their Aadhar number.
(b) It aims eliminate the use of physical
documents and provide access to their digital
documents anytime, anywhere and share it
online.
(c) Citizens can self - upload documents and
digitally sign them using the e-sign facility. 133+1 = 2
(d) The slogan of Digilocker is "My documents, 2 +2 = 10 Thus, 73+7=350, is missing number
Anytime, Anywhere." 333+3 = 30 in series
4 +4 = 68
Ans.(d): To transforming India into a digitally 533+5 = 130
empowered society and knowledge economy, 63+6 = 222
Government of India launched Digilocker. Digilocker is 7 +7 = 350
a platform for issuance and verification of documents 13. According to the revised bloom's taxonomy,
and certificates in a digital way, thus eliminating the use which of the following categories is considered
of physical documents. to be highest for the learner?
Indian Citizens who sign up for a Digilocker account (a) Understand (b) Apply
get a dedicated cloud storage space that is linked to their (c) Analyse (d) Create
Aadhar Number. Ans.(d): Bloom's taxonomy is explaination of the
nature of thinking itself. Bloom's taxanomy provides a
Organizations that are registered with Digilocker can push common language among educators, helps determine
electronic copies are also upload scanned copies of their the alignment of objectives learning activities and
legacy documents in their accounts. These legacy document stretches the educational possibilities to give greater
can be electronically signed using the e-sign facility. breadth and depth to courses and curricula.
Digilocker is completely secure to use Digilocker App
uses 256-bit SSL certificate and hosted under ISO 27001
standards to safeguard your personal information.
11. Which of the following is envisaged in the
Sustainable Development Goals?
(a) By 2020, conserve at least 50% of coastal and
marine areas.
(b) By 2030, reduce by one- third of the per
capita global food waste at the retail and
consumer levels.
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14. Given below are two statements Ans.(c): The vessel is completely filled with bacteria in
Statement : i The qualitative data are powerful = 30 minutes
because they are collected from As the number of bacteria doubles every minute.
very sensitive social, historical and Therefore, In 29th Minute the number of bacteria will be half.
temporal context. An in 28th minute the number of bacteria will be half of
Statement : ii context sensitivity cannot be that i.e. ¼ of the total. Because per minute the number
completely removed from the of bacteria will be double. So, in 28th minute the
qualitative data. number of bacteria is ¼ of the total.
In light of the above statements, choose the 17. certain number of birds are sitting on two trees A
correct answer from the options given below and B. Birds sitting on tree A, tell to the birds
Option sitting on tree B, that if 2 birds from tree B shift to
the tree A, then we are equal in number. However,
(a) Both Statement I and statement II are true the birds sitting on tree B, tell those sitting on A,
(b) Both Statement I and statement II are fals that if two birds from your side (tree A) shift to our
(c) Statement I is true but statement II is false side (tree B), then we become double than you (tree
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is true A). How many birds are sitting on the two trees A
Ans.(a): Qualitative research is the method for and B, respectively?
analysing the data related to the research and research is (a) 8,12 (b) 10,14
the tool which is done already and carry forward by (c) 14 , 10 (d) 5, 7
others on the basis of some factful data. Ans.(b): Let, total number of birds an tree A = a
Qualitative researchers typically gather multiple forms of And the total number of birds on tree B= b
data such as interviews, observations and documents, As, per question,
rather than rely on a single data source. They review all of a+2=b–2
the data and make sense of it organizing into categories or a – b = –4 ......(i)
themes that cut across all of the data sources. and 2 (a – 2) = b + 2
Qualitative data are so powerful because they are 2a – 4 = b + 2
sensitive to the social, historical and temporal context in 2a – b = 6 ......(ii)
which the data were collected. The particular In, equation (i) and equation (ii)
importance of context sensitivity is that data are not a – b = –4 ......(i)
generalized to other contexts. Thus context senstivity
cannot be completely removed from the qualitative data.
so both statement I and statement II are true. – a = – 10
15. Historical research has the limitation of a = 10
(a) Problem identification So, value of (a) placing in statement (i)
(b) Analytical synthesis 10 – b = –4
(c) Universal generalisation –b = –4 –10
(d) Probable conclusions –b = –14
Ans.(c): Historical research is the systematic collection b = 14
and objective evaluation of data related to past Hence,
occurences in order to test hypotheses concerning 10 Birds sit on tree (A) and 14 birds sit on tree (B)
causes, effects of those events, which may help to 18. Which of the following are the principal
explain present events and interpretes the future events. components of the CPU of a computer system ?
Essays written by elementary school children during A. ALU (Arithmetic-Logic Unit)
civil war, Evolution of Hard drive interface units and B. CU (Control Unit)
effects of decisions of the United States Supreme court C. Processor Registers
on American education are some examples of Historical D. SSD (Solid - State Drive)
research. The limitations of Historical Research:- E. VRAM (Video RAM)
(i) Time consuming Choose the correct answer from the options
(ii) Generalizability is limited given below:
(iii) Evaluated by different criteria than quantitative (a) A,B and D only (b) A,B and C only
research (c) C,D and E only (d) B,C and D only
(iv) Data are not observed by trained observers etc. Ans.(b): The main components of a Central Processing
Thus, option (c) is correct. Unit include the Arithmetic and logic operations,
processor registers that supply operands to the
16. Number of bacteria in a container doubles in arithmetic logic unit and store the results of ALU
every one minute. If the container gets operation's and Control Unit (CU) that orchestrates the
completely filled with bacteria in 30 minutes, fetching from memory, decoding and execution of
then in how many minutes 1/4 th of the instructions by directly the coordinated operations of
container shall be filled with bacteria? the ALU, registers and other components.
(a) 15 minutes (b) 16 minutes The Buses and clock, RAM, hyperthreading are also
(c) 28 minutes (d) 25 minutes principal component of CPU.

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19. Consider the following spreadsheet: Ethnography, is a primary method, used in the
A B C discipline of anthropology (study of human-kind), is a
systematic approach to understanding the beliefs,
1 4 3 rituals, patterns and institutions that define a culture.
2 5 2 Ethnomethodology are school of sociology which focus on
3 7 the mechanisms by which people use common-sense
4 8 9 knowledge in structuring their day-to-day encounters their
5 9 conversations and interactions. Accountability, reflexivity
and indexicality are core concept of Ethnomethodology.
6 Symbolic interaction is Perspective based on the notion
If the formula = $A$3 + B2 in cell C4 is copied that people makes sense of their social worlds through
to cell C5, then what is the value in cell C5? communication and social interaction. Researchers have
(a) 9 (b) 8 used symbolic interactionism to understand many
(c) 7 (d) 17 different contexts and relationships in which people
Ans.(c): In the formula = $A$3 + B2, the cell A3 is interact, including organizations, health care settings,
fixed by the doller ($) sign, so that the cell address will family life, race-ralations and shopping behaviour.
not change when the cell address is copied. Whereas in 22. Communication compatibility between individuals
the relative cell reference, the cell address changes. is rooted in
So cell C5 will have 7 value. (a) Stewardship (b) Interest in media
20. Following are the characteristics of Non- (c) Empathy (d) External influence
Conventional learning:
A. It is teacher oriented. Ans.(c): Communication compatibility between individuals
B. It is for improvement of quality. is rooted in empathy is a process by which information is
C. It is cost effective. exchanged between individuals through a common stems of
D. It is linked to employment. symbols, sign etc, people either speak entirely the same
E. It is on campus. language or compensate by being empathetic enough to put
Choose the correct answer from the options themselves into the other's position.
given below: 23. "We should value the Moon more than the Sun
(a) A,B and C only (b) B,C and D only Because the Moon shines when it is dark
(c) A,C and D only (d) C,D and E only whereas the Sun shines when there is light
Ans.(b): The education system in which teaching anyway." This statement commits the fallacy of
learning activities is offered other than on campus with
(a) Appeal to Emotion (b) Fallacy of False Cause
fixed time classrooms, is known as non-convential
learning. (c) False Dilemma (d) Equivocation
Example: Evening learning, Distance learning, vocational Ans.(b): The mayor made an appeal to the people of the
studies, skill-based courses, online learning etc. city to stay Clam and encourage the audience to ignore
Non-conventional learning education was started by facts that their apponent brought up, by trying to make
P.H. Coombs and Ahmed. It helps an individual to get the audience angry at their source are some examples of
employment by learning such cost-effective activities. appeal of emotion fallacy.
Non- conventional learning is for improvement of
quality. Everytime I wash my car, it rains. Our garage sale made
lots of money before Joan showed up, is example of
21. Match List I with List II fallacy of false cause.
List I List II The given statements is like it. So, given statement
Research Perspective Discipline
commits the fallacy of false cause.
A Phenomenology I Anthropology
If we don't order pizza for dinner, we'll have to eat the
B Ethnography II Sociology
weak-old spaghetti in the fridge, is example of false
C Ethnomethodology III Social
Dilemma.
psychology
D Symbolic IV Philosophy I have the right to watch "The Real World". Therefore
interactionism it's right for me to watch the show, is example of
Choose the correct answer from the options equivocation.
given below: 24. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
(b) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I Reason R
(c) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II Assertion A : MOOCs on the SWAYAM portal
(d) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III can be used for earning upto 50% credits per
Ans.(d): Phenomenology can be defined as an approach to semester by students.
research that seeks to describe the essence of a phenomenon
by exploring it from the perspective of those who have Reason R : All MOOCs on the SWAYAM
experienced it. Phenomenology is commonly understood in portal are credit - based MOOCs.
two ways : (i) as a disciplinary field in philosophy and (ii) as In Light of the above statements, choose the
a movement in the history of pholosophy. correct answer from the options given below
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(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Choose the correct answer from the options
explanation of A given below:
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the (a) A and C only (b) A and B only
correct explanation of A (c) B and D only (d) C and D only
(c) A is true but R is false Ans.(c): Malware is intrusive software that is designed
(d) A is false but R is true to damage and destroy computers and computer
systems.
Ans.(c): University Grants Commission (UGC) has
The most common famous malware are Ransom ware,
asked Universities to offer up to 40% of the courses in
computer virus keyloggers, Trojan, horses, spyware,
any programme online on SWAYAM, the central Adware, Rootkits, Bots, RAM Scropee, mobile malware
government's massive upon online course (MOOCs) and computer warm.
plate form. Routers is a networking device that forwards data
MOOCs is a free Web-based distance learning program packets between computer networks.
that is designed for large numbers of geographically A firewall is a network security device that monitors
dispersed students. and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic.
It is not possible that all MOOCs on the SWAYAM Therefore, worm and virus are given malware.
portal are credit-based MOOCs. 28. If the statement, 'Some plants are not
25. In face-to-face communication, the non-verbal carnivorous' is given as false, then which of the
cues provided by the receiver, can be following could be immediately inferred from it?
considered as A. 'Some plants are carnivorous' is true
(a) Feedback B. 'Some plants are carnivorous' is false
(b) Decoding C. 'No plants are carnivorous' is false
(c) Physical noise D. 'All plants are carnivorous' is true
(d) Symbolic representaion Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans. (a) : The Transmission of messages through a non- given below:
verbal platform like eye-contact, facial expressions, (a) B, C and D only (b) A and D only
posture and body language etc. Face-to-face (c) A and C only (d) A, C and D only
communication is vitally crucial in the workplace, Ans.(d): Carnivorous plants derive some or most of
despite the fact that electronic forms of communication their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or
are gaining over. protozoans.
The physical noise represents communication barriers Example: Venus fly Trap and waterwheel are carnivorous
that distort the clarity of the messages. plants. Marsh Mallow is not a carnivorous plant.
The sender who initiates a message by encoding a In given statement, some plants are not carnivorous is
thought. Feedback tells you if understanding has been inferred that some plants are carnivorous is true, No
achieved. plants are carnivorous is true.
29. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
26. Given below are two statements
as AssertionA and the other is labelled as
Statement I: The new system of communication Reason R
has facilitated the emergence of an interactive Assertion A: Most cyclones cause widespread
society. damage in coastal areas.
Statement II : The new system of Reason R : Energy of most cyclones increases
communication is digital and has integrated after landfall.
multiple modes of communication through In light of the above statements, choose the
networks. most appropriate answer form the options
In light of the above statements, choose the given below
correct answer from the options given below (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true explanation of A
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false correct explanation of A
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
Ans.(a): New system of communication are digital,
interactive, hyper textual networked, virtual and Ans.(c): The combination of wind-driven waves and the
simulated. It has facilitated the emergence of an low pressure of a tropical cyclone can produce a coastal
interactive society. storm surge. When cyclone makes landfall, surface
friction decreases wind speed but increases turbulence;
27. Many computer users are worried about this allows fast-moving air to be transported down to
malware. Which of the following are two the surface thereby increasing the strength of wind
example of malware? guests.
A. Firewall B. Worm Cyclones weaken after landfall because tropical
C. Router D. Virus cyclones derine their energy from the warm tropical
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oceans and do not form unless the sea-surface 33. The term' Hermeneutics' drawn from
temperature is above 26.5ºC. Also, sea temperature by (a) Sociology (b) Theology
and large remain constant and very very little, which (c) Anthropology (d) Economics
helps in the genesis and the further growth of a cyclone.
Ans.(b): The Greek word Hermeneutics means
30. The average age of students in a class was 15 interpretative archaeology draws off many of the
years. When 5 new boys whose average age was principles of critical theory. It relates the Greek God
12 years 6 months were admitted in the class, Hermes who served as a messenger interpreting
the average age was reduced by 6 months, How between the gods and mortals.
many student were there in the class Therefore, Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of
originally? interpretation especially the interpretation of biblical texts,
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 18 (d) 16 wisdom literature and philosophical text. Also, the study of
Ans.(b): Let, there be a 'x' student in the class. general principles of biblical interpretation is Hermeneutics.
Average Age of students in the class = 15 years. In sociology, Hermeneutics is the interpretation and
Total Age of Students in the class = 15x understanding of social events through analysis of their
And, Average Age of 5 new boys = 12.5 years. meaning for the human participants in the events.
Total age of 5 new boys = 12.5×5 = 62.5 Years 34. Which of the following statements are true
As per question, regarding Nyaya (Classical Indian School of
logic) view of hetrabhasa (fallacy)
15x + 62.5 A. It means that middle term appears to be a
New average =
x +5 reason but is not a valid reason.
15x + 62.5 B. All fallacies are material fallacies.
14.5 =
x +5 C. When an inference is based not on
14.5x + 72.5 = 15x + 62.5 causation but on uniformity of co-
0.5x = 10 existence, it leads to a fallcy.
D. Fallacies occur when any of the five
100
x= characteristics of a middle term are violated.
5 Choose the correct answer from the options
So, basically there were 20 student in the class. given below
31. Dynamic approach to teaching means (a) A, B and C only (b) A, B and D only
(a) Teaching should be lecture based. (c) B, C and D only (d) A, B, C and D
(b) Teachers should be energetic. Ans.(b): Nyaya refers a logical thinking technique. Nyaya
(c) Teachers should be student friendly. school is one of the 6 astika schools of Indian Philosophy.
(d) Students should learn through activities. Hetva bhasa is a Sanskrit word which means fallacy.
Ans.(d): Dynamic learning is active, engaging, student- A fallacy occurs when the middle term appears to be the
driven, and in which education occurs as a step-by-step reason but it is not a valid reason. Asiddha Hetva bhasa
multi-sensory, collaborative and learning experience. Savyabhicara Hetvabhasa, Satpratipaksha, Badhita and
Thus, it is often framed around open-ended tasks and Viruddha are all five fallacies are regarded as material
projects that have a practical, real-world application and are fallacies. Material fallacies occur when the reasoning is
unsound because of an error concerning the subject
relevant student's lives. So a dynamic approcach to learning
matter of the argument. Asiddha fallacy occurs when
implies that the student should learn through activities.
the middle term is not present in the minor term.
32. Suggestions for communication with people Savyabhicara fallacy is also called the fallacy of the
from different cultures can be : irregular middle term. Satpratipaksha occurs when the
A. Emphasise your interpretation middle term is contradicted by another middle term.
B. Forget your own cultural identify Badhita occurs when middle term is contradicted by some
C. Promote an eco - system of mutual respect other pramana, other than inference, like perception.
D. Know the cultural context of other people Viruddha occurs when we have contradicted middle term.
E. Always state facts 35. Given below are two statements
Choose the correct answer from the options Statements I : An ethical framework of
given below: sustainable development provides normative
(a) A,B and C only (b) C,D and E only guidance regarding our relationship with
(c) B, C and E only (d) A, D and E only environment.
Statement II : Anthropocentric model is
Ans. (b) : Cultural diversity is about accepting and misleading as evident from its environmental
respecting people's differences and understanding that consequences.
everyone is unique. When you communicate with In light of the above statements, choose the
people from different cultures, keep your language correct answer from the options given below
clear, concise and straight forward, understand (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
differences in body language. Practice reflective (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are fals
listening paraphrasing and be open and inclusive of
(c) Statement I is true but statement II is false
other cultures.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
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Ans.(a): The development that meets the needs of the 37. Which of the following are the advantages of
present without compromising the ability of future grapevine communication?
A. Smooth float of adverse comments
generations to meet their own needs, is known as B. knowing the morale in the organisation
sustainable development. Also, It is a normative outlook C. Spead of propagandist views
on the world, meaning that it recommends a set of goals D. To know the important issues faced by the
to which the world should aspire. employees
E. Assessment of employee anxities
Environmental ethics is concerned with the issues of Choose the correct answer from the options
responsible personal conduct with respect to natural given below:
landscapes, resources, species and non-human organisms. (a) A, B And C only (b) B, C and D only
Ethical framework of sustainable development (c) D, C and E only (d) B, D and E only
concerned with do's and dont's of the human beings to Ans.(d): Grapevine communication is nothing more than
informal method of communicating to others. It is friendly
the environment. inviting, more casual and spontaneous. Grapevine
Anthropocentrism is the belief that value is human- communication is used when communicating with friends
central and that all other beings are means to human or family either in writing or in conversation.
ends. It provides something that environmental Advantages of Grapevine communication-
(i) Grapevine channel communication spreads hastily.
philosophy needs-wide acceptance. (ii) It serves as an emotional supportive value.
The example of anthropocentric behavior is the way we (iii) Grapevine also accelerates the feedback process.
treat other animals. Disadvantages of Grapevine communication are-
(i) Carries particle information at times, based on
36. Given below are two statements, one is labelled mostly rumours.
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as (ii) Miscommunication.
Reason R (iii) Hindered productivity
Assertion A : According to classical Indian (iv) Ephemeral Messaging
Logician (Naiyayikas), all fallacies are material (v) Damaged company reputation.
38. SWAYAM tries to take the best teaching -
fallacies. learning resources to all students through
Reason R : According Nyaya, syllogism is (a) Seminars (b) Video lectures
deductive - inductive and formal - material. (c) Classroom teaching (d) Conferences
In light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(b): SWAYAM (Study webs of Active-learning for
correct answer from the options given below Young Aspiring Minds) is a programme initiated by
Government of India and designed to achieve the three
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct cardinal principles of education policy viz; access,
explanation of A equity and quality.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the The courses hosted of SWAYAM will be in 4 quadrants
correct explanation of A (1) Video Lecture (2) Specially prepared reading
material that can be downloaded/printed (3) self-
(c) A is true but R is false assessment test through tests and quizzes and (4) An
(d) A is false but R is true online discussion forum for clearing the doubts. In order
to ensure best quality content are produced and
Ans.(a): Both A and R are true and R is the correct delivered, 7 National Coordinators have been appointed.
explanation of A. They are NPTET for Engineering, UGC for post-
Nyaya is one of the 6 systems of Indian Philosophy, graduation education, CEC for undergraduate, NCERT
famous for its analysis of logic and epistemology. and NIOS for school education, IGNOU for out of the
school students and for management studiestechniques.
The Nyaya school holds that there are four valid means of SWAYAM tries to take the best techniques- learning
knowledge perceptions (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), resource to all students through video lectures. SWAYAM
comparison (upamana) and sound or testimony (shabda). is a programme initiated by Government of India and
All five fallacies are material fallacies. designed to acheive the three cardinal principles of
Nyaya syllogism is deductive-inductive and formal Education policy viz; access equity and quality.
material. The Nyaya syllogism recognizes the fact that 39. Match List I list II
List-I List-II
verbal form is not the essence of inference and is (Concepts) (Main proponent)
required only to convince others. A self-education I Sri Aurobindo
There are five members in the Nyaya Syllogism. The through
first is called Pratijna or proposition. It is the logical development of
individuality
statement which is to be proved. The second is Hetu or B Integral II Mahatma
reason which states the reason for the establishment of education Gandhi
the proposition. The third is called udaharana which C Education to III Maria
gives the universal concomitance together with an transform Montessori
example. The fourth is upenaya or the application of human mind
Universal concomitance to the present case and the fifth D Basic education IV J. Krishnamurti
(Wardha
is Nigamana or conclusion drawn from the preceding Education
propositions. System)
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Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(c):
given below: 1. The fallacy of begging the question occurs when
(a) A - I, B - III, C - IV, D - II argument's premises the truth of the conclusion,
(b) A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV instead of supporting it. Example: Chocolate is
healthful because it's good for you.
(c) A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II 2. False dilemma is a logical fallacy that present only
(d) A - I, B - IV, C - II, D - III two options or sides when there are many options or
Ans.(c): sides. Example: You are either with us or against us.
3. Appeal to emotion is an informal fallacy
Concepts Main proponent characterised by the manipulation of the recipient's
A self -education through III Maria emotions in order to win an argument, especially in
development of Montessori the absence of factual evidence. Example: A soft
individuality drink company does not promote their product's
tests or nutritional value.
B Integral education I Sri Aurobindo 4. Ignoratio elenche (Ignorance of the proof) fallacy, is
C Education to transform IV J. also known as fallacy of irrelevant conclusion, is the
human mind Krishnamurti informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may
D Basic education II Mahatma or may not be logically valid and sound, but fails to
address the issue in question.
(Wardha Education Gandhi Example: Hippos can't be dangerous to humans bacause
System) they are so calm and look so cute.
40. In pursure of the National Council of Teacher Thus, given statement is Ignoration Elenchi fallacy.
Education Act, 1993 NCTE was established in 43. In a certain code, '467' means 'leaves are
the years. green', '485' means 'green is good' and '539'
(a) 1995 (b) 1993 means 'they are playing'. Which digit stands
for ' leaves' in hat code
(c) 1994 (d) 1996 (a) 6 (b) 7
Ans.(a): To achieve planned and coordinated (c) 4 (d) 9
development of the teacher education system Ans.(b):
throughout the country, the regulation and proper 467 = Leaves are Green .............(i)
maintenance of norms and standards in the teacher 485 = Green is Good .............(ii)
education system and for matters connected there with, 639 = They are playing .............(iii)
NCTE was established in 1995. Thus,
Common Number and word in statement (i) and (ii) is 4
It is formally overlook standards, procedures and and green respectively i.e. 4 means Green.
processes in it the Indian education system. Similarly, In the first and third statement, the common
41. Which among the following pesticides would number is 6 and word is 'are'. Therefore, 6 means are.
have the least chance of bioaccumulation in So, there is only number '7' which refers to leaves.
food chains? Therefore, option (2), 7 is correct code.
(a) Chlordane (b) Aldrin 44. Which of the following have been considered as
threat to internal validity in research?
(c) Carbaryl (d) Endrin A. Randomisation
Ans. (c): The accumulation of a toxic chemical in the B. Generalisability
tissue of a particular organism, is known as C. Maturation
Bioaccumulation. The car emission chemicals, buildings D. History
up in birds and animals, mercury building up in fish, are E. Instrumentation
some example of Bioaccumulation. Choose the correct answer from the option
Carbaryl (Chemical name: 1-naphthye methyl given below:
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
carbonate) is a carbonate pesticide, is a widely used in (c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and E only
Agriculture and ornamental production. Carbaryl is sold
Ans.(c): Internal validity is defined as, the extent to
under many trade names like sevin. which the observed result represent the truth in the
Carbaryl has low toxicity in birds. It is only moderately population we are studying and thus are not to
toxic to aquatic organisms. methodological errors.
Carbaryl shows less bioaccumulation in alkaline External validity refers to the extent to which results
conditions. from a study can be applied to other situations, groups
42. A wise sage has said, "The hunger for or events.
knowledge is more difficult to remove than the Internal and external validity are concepts that reflect
whether the results of research study are trustworthy
hunger for food. Therefore, one should stick to and meaningful.
the food, "Which fallacy is committed in this There are 8 threats to internal validity in research are (i)
argument? history (ii) maturation (iii) instrumentation (iv) testing
(a) Begging the Question (v) selection bias (vi) regression to the mean (vii) social
(b) False Dilemma interaction and (viii) attrition.
(c) Ignoratio elenchi (irrelevant conclusion) Thus, option (3), C (maturation), D (history) and E
(d) Appeal to Emotion (Instrumentation) are correct option.
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45. Which of the following in NOT characteristic Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a
of a good question paper? fatal illness from her long term exposure to
(a) Objectivity (b) Subjectivity radium, she never became disillusioned about
(c) Reliability (d) Validation her work. Regardless of the consequences, she
Ans.(b): A good question paper should be prepared to had dedicated herself to science and o revealing
test them in all the areas of learning. the mysteries of the physical world.
The characterisics of good research paper are: (1) 46. What made Marie Curie study at Sorbonne
Reliability, (2) Validity, (3) Objectivity, (4) Usability, University?
(5) Practical, (6) Appropriate in difficulty clear, (7) (a) University in Warsaw did not allow her
Aunthentic, (8) Concise, (9) Purposeful, (10) Single admission.
dimension etc. (b) She wanted to work with Pierre Curie.
Thus, as given option, subjectivity is not characteristics (c) She wanted to work on Radium.
of a good question paper. (d) She did not enjoy learning at an early age in
Read the given passage and answer the Warsaw.
questions that follow Ans.(a): University in Warsaw did not allow her admission.
Marie curie was a Polish-born physicist and At that time, University in Warsaw closed to women.
chemist and one of the most famous scientists That's why she determined to receive a higher
of her time. Together with her husband, Pierre, education, she left Poland and entered the sorbonne
she discovered radium, an element widely used University in 1891.
for treating cancer and studied uranium and
other radioactive substances. Pierre and 47. The passage shows marie Curie to be a great
Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to scientist who
unlock the secrets of the atom. Together with (a) Was amiable in nature.
her husband Pierre, she was awarded the Noble (b) had indomitable spirit and dedication to
Prize for Physics in 1903. science.
Marie was born in Warsaw, Poland on 7 (c) was emotionally vulnerable.
November 1867, the daughter of a Physics (d) became disillusioned after her husband's
teacher. At an early age, she displayed a death.
brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her Ans.(b): had indomitable spirit and dedication to science:
great exuberance for learning prompted her to Marie Curie was a daughter of physics teacher. She
continue with her studies after high school. She married with physicist pierre curie in 1895 and spent
became disgruntled, however, when she many productive years working together in the physics
learned that the university in Warsaw was laboratory. Regardless of the consequence, she had
closed to women. Determined to receive a dedicated herself to science and to revealing the
higher education, she defiantly left Poland and mysteries of the physical world.
in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
University, where she earned her master's 48. After how many years of her marriage did
degree and doctorate in Physics. marie Curie lose her husband?
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the (a) 11 years (b) 39 years
Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of (c) 28 years (d) 6 years
her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie Ans.(a): Marie Curie and Pierre Curie were married in
and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent 1895. Piere Curie was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in
many productive years working together in the 1906. So, they lived together (1906-1895)= 11 Years.
physics laboratory. A short time after they 49. Which of the following elemens is widely used
discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a in treatment of Cancer?
horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was
stunned by the horrible misfortune and (a) Uranium (b) Radium
endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently, (c) Thorium (d) Plutonium
she recalled their close relationship and the joy Ans.(b): Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered
that they had shared in scientific research. The radium. Which is widely used for treating cancer. After
fact that that she had two young daughters to discovery of radium, Marie and Pierre Curie both
raise by herself greatly increased her distress. awarded Nobel Prize for physics in 1903.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to 50. At what age did Marie Curie receive her first
fade when she was asked to succeed her Nobel prize?
husband as a Physics professor at the (a) 36 years (b) 46 years
Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given (c) 56 years (d) 44 years
a professorship at the world-famous university.
She received her second Noble Prize in Chemist Ans.(a): Marie was born in Warsaw on 7 Nov, 1867.
for isolating radium, in 1911. Curie eldest She awarded first Nobel Prize in 1903.
daughter, Irene, was herself a scientist and So, she got her first Nobel Prize at age of 1903-1867=
winner of the Noble Prize for Chemistry. 36 Years.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date: 30 Sep., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: The following table presents the number of 626 – 380
Percentage increase = × 100 = 64.73%
employees recruited for five different positions/posts 380
of Administrators, Analysts, Programmers, Testers Number of Analyst working in the year 2016 = 600
and Peions (R) in an It company and those who left Number of Analyst working in the year 2021
(L) the company during the years 2016-2021. Based = (600+136+120+118+128+144)–(60+64+48+50+56)
on the data in the table, answer the questions: (Year = 1246 – 278 = 968
of foundation of the Company is 2016) 968 – 600
Percentage increased = × 100 = 61.33%
600
Number of programmer working in 2016 = 440
Number of programmer working in 2021
= (440+128+120+104+96+124) – (52+60+50+56+72)
= 1012–290 = 722
Number of Tester working in 2016 = 580
Number of Tester working in 2021 =
= (580+100+112+136+130) – (50+52+48+44+46)
1. During the period from 2016 to 2021 what is = 1182 – 240 = 940
the approximate percentage (%) of the total 942 – 580
Percent increase = × 100 = 62.41%
number of programmers who left the company 580
w.r.t the total number of programmers who The percentage increase in the number of employees
joined the Company? working in the company in 2021 to that in 2016 was
(a) 19 (b) 21 maximum for the position of Administrator.
(c) 27 (d) 29 3. The total number of peons working in the
Company at the end of year 2020, is
Ans.(d): During the period from 2016 to 2021, (a) 656 (b) 596
Total number of programmers who left the company (c) 544 (d) 484
= 52+60+50+56+72 = 290 Ans.(b): The total number of peons working in the
Total number of programmers who joined the Company company at the end of year 2020
= 440+128+120+104+96+124=1012 = (410+92+76+98+112) – (48+44+40+60)
= 788 – 192
290
Required Percentage = × 100 = 596
1012
4. The pooled sum of the total numberof
= 28.65 ≃ 29% employees working for all the five positions in
2. The percentage increase in the number of the company at the end of the year 2018 is
employees working in the company in 2021 to (a) 3126 (b) 2988
that in 2016 was maximum for the position of (c) 3028 (d) 2958
Ans.(b): Total number of employees working in all the
(a) Administrator (b) Analyst
five positions in the company at the end of the year 2018.
(c) Programmer (d) Tester = [(380 + 140 + 90) – (60 + 46)] + [(600 + 136 + 120) –
Ans.(a): Number of employees working in the company (60 + 64)] + [(440 + 128 + 120) – (52 + 60)] + [(580 + 100
in 2016 = 380 + 112) – (50 + 52)] + [(410 + 962 + 76) – (48 + 44)]
Number of employees working in 2021 = [610 – 106] + [856 – 124] + [688 – 112] + [792 –
102] + [478 – 92]
= (380+140+90+74+80+96) – (60+46+44+36+48)
= 504 + 732 + 576 + 690 + 486
= 860 – 234=626 = 2988
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5. If M and N represent the number of Analysts In the light of the above statements, choose the
and number of Testers recruited in the correct answer from the options given below:
company during the years 2017 to 2021, Then (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
M– N = (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) 64 (b) 56
(c) Statement I is true but statement II is false
(c) 48 (d) 44
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is true
Ans.(d): Total number of Analysts recruited in the
Ans.(?): Global warming is the long-term warming of
company during the years 2017 to 2021, (M) = 136 +
120 + 118 + 128 + 144 planet's overall temperature. Global warming occurs
when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants
M = 646
collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar
and total number of testers recruited in the company
radiation that have bounced off the earth's surface.
N = 100+112+124+136+130
Normally this radiation would escape into space, but
N = 602
these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in
∴ M – N = 646 – 602 = 44
the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get
6. What are the advantages of linear communication?
hotter. These heat trapping pollutants specifically
(A) It is best suited for persuasion
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor and
(B) It quickens the process of feedback
synthetic fluorinated gases are know green house gases.
(C) It facilitates a two-way exchange of information
The combined form of hydrogen and carbon is called
(D) It is extensively used in international
halocarbon. Ozone layer is found in the stratosphere. It
propaganda
is affected by CO2 N2O, Methane, CFC etc. Three
(E) It provides demarcated results
molecules of Oxygen together form the Ozone layer.
(a) (A), (B) and (C) only
The ozone layer is measured in Dobson units. Some
(b) (B), (C) and (D) only
halocarbons destroy the ozone layer. Hence the second
(c) (C), (D) and (E) only
statement is true.
(d) (A), (D) and (E) only
9. Which of the following approach does not come
Ans.(d): The advantage of liner communication is–
under cooperative learning?
1. It is best suited for persuasion
(a) Fishbowl
2. It is extensively used in international propaganda.
3. It provides demarcated results. (b) Jigsaw

7. If the population of a town decreases by 25% (c) Demonstration

and 40% in two successive years, what shall be (d) Team-pair-solo
the decrease in the percentage of population Ans.(c): Cooperative learning approach is a broad concept.
after 2 years? It is a learning process in which children of similar ability
(a) 61% (b) 55% try to achieve the same objective by forming groups. It is
(c) 65% (d) 62% clear that instruction (demonstration) does not come under
Ans.(b): Let the initial population of the town = 100 cooperative learning.

Population after decline = 100 × 

100 – 25   100 – 40  10. Given below are two statements: One is labeled
× 
 100   100  as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as
60 Reason (R).
= 45%
= 75×
100 Assertion (A): Oxygen-demanding wastes are
Hence decrease in the percentage of population substances that Oxydize in the receiving body
= 100 – 45 = 55% of water.
8. Given below are two statements: Reason 5 (R) : As bacteria decomposed these
Statement I : Halocarbons contribute wastes, they release Oxydize in the receiving
significantly to global warming. body of water.
Statement II : Halocarbons also catalytically Reason (R): As bacteria decomposes these
destroy stratospheric Ozone. wastes, they release Oxygen in the water.
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In the light of the above statements, choose the In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from theoptions given below: most appropriate answer from the options
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the given below:
correct explanation of (A) (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the (b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
correct explanation of (A)
incorrect
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
correct
Ans.(c): Oxygen-demanding wastes are substances that
oxydize in the receiving body of water. Oxidation is that (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
chemical process, as a result of which the proportion of correct
electronegative atoms or radicals in an element or Ans.(a): Understanding level of teaching and learning is
compound increases and the proportion of electropositive based on acquisition of factual information, to see
atoms in a compound decreases. As bacteria decomposes relationships, to comprehend, to seek generalization and
these wastes, they release Oxygen in the water. their application in life. This statement is true.
So (A) are correct and (R) is incorrect.
Reflective level of teaching and learning is based on the
11. What is the average of first 6 multiples of 11? development of critical thinking. Problem solving skills
(a) 27.5 (b) 40.5
and creative thinking.
(c) 38.5 (d) 51.5
Hence Both statement I and statement II are correct.
Ans.(c): The first 6 multiples of 11 = 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66
14. Find the missing term in the series given below:
Sum of terms
Its average, = 8, 10, 7, 12, 5, 16, 3, ?
Number of terms
(a) 18 (b) 20
11 + 22 + 33 + 44 + 55 + 66 (c) 24 (d) 19
=
6
Ans.(b): The given number series is as follows-
11(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)
=
6
11× 21
=
6 15. What is the full form of ‘NROER’?
77 (a) National Repository of Online Educational
= Resources
2
= 38.5 (b) National Repository of Open Educational
Resources
12. Exploratory research is primarily intended to
(a) Gather preliminary information (c) National Recruitment of Online Educational
(b) Find out the causality of relations Resouces
(c) Knonw the statistical significance of findings (d) National Recruitment of Open Educational
(d) Discover the specific contexts of reserarch Resouces
Ans.(a): Exploratory research is gather preliminary Ans.(b): The full form of NROER is 'National Repository
information used to investigate a problem which is not of Open Educational Resources. NROER provides various
clearly defined. It is conducted to have a better types of educational resources and important subjects for
understanding of the existing problem, but will not primary, secondary and senior secondary classes.
provide conclusive results.
16. Which of the developments A-E given below
For such a research, a researcher starts with a general
idea and uses this research as a medium to identify have arisen because of the Internet?
issues that can be the focus for future research. (A) Web logs (B) Databases
13. Given below are two statements: (C) Wikis (D) DTP
Statement I : Understanding level of teaching and (E) Social networking sites
learning is based on acquisition of factual Choose the correct answer form the options
information, to see relationships, to comprehend, given below:
to seek generalization and their application in life.
(a) (A), (B) and (C) only
Statement II: Reflective level of teaching and
learning is based on the development of critical (b) (B) and (D)
thinking. Problem solving skills and creative (c) (A), (C) and (E) only
thinking. (d) (C) and (E) only
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Ans.(c): A wike is a server program that allows users to Hence statement-I is false. Information and
collaborate in forming the content of a web site. The term communication technology is a major factor in the
comes from the word "Wiki wiki", which means "fast" in emergence and process of globalization. Technology
the Hawaiian language. A wiki website operates on a
has redefined the elements of time and distance in
principle of collaborative trust. The simplest wiki program
favour of communication managers. With the help of
allow users to create and edit content.
Information and Technology, the manager can
• A web log is essentially an online Journal whose
entries are added and viewed via the web. communicate and with more people in less time. Thus
• A social networking site is an online platform that statement II is true.
allows user to create a public profile and interact with 19. The focus areas of New Education Policy are:
other user. eg- TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, Linked in, (A) Establishment of community colleges
Whatsapp, Twitter, Snapchat etc. (B) Setting up of skill missions in rural India
17. Match List-I with List-II: (C) Institutional re-structring in the educational
List I List II Sector
(Fundamental factors) (Attributes of learning)
(D) Imparting of holistic education
(A) Drive (I) Reward
(E) Transforming the regulatory system of
(B) Cue (II) Motivation
(C) Response (III) Stimulus higher education
(D) Reinforcement (iv) Action Choose the correct answer form the options
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
given below: (a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) (c) (A), (D), (E) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) Ans.(d): The new NEP is based on four pillers which
(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
are Access, Equity, Quality and Accountability. In this
(d) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
new policy there will be a 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 structure which
Ans.(b):
comprises 12 years of school and 3 years of
List-I List-II Anganwadi/pre-school and 3 years of Anganwadi/pre-
(Fundamental factors of (Attributes of learning)
school replacing old 10 + 2 structure. After the old
learning)
national education policy which was launched way back
Drive Stimulus
in 1986, this is the first education policy of 21st century
Cue Reward that has replaced 34 years old education policy.
Response Action
(i) Institutional re-structring in the educational sector
Reinforcement Motivation
(ii) Imparting of holistic education
18. Given below are two statements:
(iii) Transforming the regulatory system of higher
Statement I : Communication technologyhas
education.
made revisiting of ideas impossible.
Statement II: Technology has redefined the (iv) They aimed that by the end of 2025 they have at
elements of time and distance in favour of least 50% of learners from school and higher
communication managers. education who have to get exposure of vocational
In the light of the above statements, choose the education.
correct answer from the options given below: (v) E-courses will be developed in regional languages.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
20. Given below are two statements: One is labeled
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Reason (R).
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Assertion (A): High concentration of Nitric
Ans.(d): Communication technology has made possible
the revisiting of ideas. ICT is the abbreviation of Oxide (NO) in soils makes it inhabitable to
Information and communication technology. It is used plants.
for those functions, which are used for the transmission, Reason (R): No combines with soil water and
storage, creation, display or exchange of information by forms nitrous and nitric acid which increases
electronic means. the soil acidity.
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In the light of the above statements. Choose the 23. Which of the following statements are correct?
correct answer from the option given below: (A) IP addresses are used to identify
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the computers on the Internet.
correct explanation of (A), (B) Internet and WWW are two separate but
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the related terms: Internet is a serive on the
correct explanation of (A) WWW while WWW is the network
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false infrastructure providing such service.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
(C) Large files such as videos which cannot
Ans.(a): Nitric Oxide (NO) or nitrogen oxide or be sent by e-mail as attachments, can be
nitrogen monoxide is a colorless gas. It plays a role in a
sent to antoher computer via FTP.
variety of biological processes. It is a bioproduct in all
Choose the correct answer from the options
types of Organisms including bacteria, plants, fungi and
animal cells. Nitric Oxide (NO) mixes with soil water given below:
and forms nitrous and nitric acid, which increases soil (a) (A) and (B) only (b) (A) and (C) only
acidity. If the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in the soil (c) (B) and (C) only1 (d) (A), (B), (C)
in high, then the soil will be acidic. The pH value of the Ans.(b): (i) IP address is an Internet Protocol address. It
soil should be between 6.0 to 7.5 for the growth of is also known as IP Number or Internet Address. IP
plants. Lime is used to reduce the acidity of the soil.
address is used to identify a device and connect it to the
Hence both assertion and reason are true and reason is
internet.
the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Large files such as videos which cannot be sent by
21. ‘No one has ever succeeded to provide
conclusive evidence for the claims of astrology. e-mail as attachments can be sent to another computer
Therefore we must conclude that astrology is via FTP. Data is shared via FTP. So all the two
non-sens’. Which fallacy is committed in the statements A, C are true.
above argument? 24. What are the benefits of asynchronous mode of
(a) Hasty Generalisation online learning?
(b) Appeal to Ignorance (A) Self pacing
(c) False cause (B) Immediate Feedback
(d) Slipery Slope
(C) Self-engagement
Ans.(b): Appeal to Ignorance, claiming that a (D) Flexibility
proposition is true because it has not yet been proven
(E) Presence of Teacher and student at the
false or that proposition is false because it has not yet
been proven false. same time
Choose the most appropriate anser from the
22. “When I closed my eyes the cat was sitting on
options given below:
the table when I opened my eyes, I found it
sitting on the chair therefore I can conclude (a) (A), and (D) only (b) (B), and (D) only
that the cat must have moved from the table to (c) (A), (C) and (D) only (d) (A), (C) and (E) only
the chair while my eyes were closed”. Ans.(c): Asynchronous learning allows you to learn on
According to classical India Philosphy which of your own schedule, within a certain timeframe. One can
the following means of knowledge is used in the access and complete lectures, readings, homework and
above argument?
other learning materials at any time during a one - or -
(a) Pratyakasa (Perception)
two - week period.
(b) Upamana
A big benefit to asynchronous classes is the flexibility,
(c) Unupalabdhi (Non-apprehension)
self pacing, self engagement etc.
(d) Arthapatti (Postulation)
Ans.(d): Arthapati is considered a proof in Mimamsa 25. Which of the following universities is ancient
philosophy. If a person is alive but not is the house, then India attained celebrityas the seat of both
it is known through Arthapati that he is outside. Brahmanical and Buddhist learning during the
According to Prabhakar, knwoledge from arthapati is time of Siddha Nagarjuna?
possible only when there is doubt regarding the person (a) Nalanda (b) Takshashila
absent in the house. (c) Dharmaganja (d) Sridhanya Katak

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Ans.(d): The Ancient- Indian Sridhanya Katak University (C) MICR (II) To input data from a
attained fame as a seat of learning for both Brahmanical bank cheque
and Buddhist during the time of Siddha Nagarjuna. (D) OCR (I) To input text from a
Nagarjuna was an eminent Buddhist teacher of printed document.
Shunyavda. Nalanda University was the most famous
28. Given below are two statements:
came in South Asia.
Statement I : Artifical Intelligence (AI) learns
26. In intra-personal communication, the medium
from changing circumstances, whereas virtual
that carries the messages is
reality is an artificially created environment
(a) The personal ego used to give a feeling of ‘being there’.
(b) The central nervous system Statement II :QR, a type of more sophisticated
(c) The physical surrounding barcode which uses a matrix of dark squares
(d) The symbol system on a light background, stands for Quick
Ans.(b): The central nervous system is the medium for Reation.
carrying messages in intra-personal communication. In the light of the above statements, choose
Interpersonal communication is the process by which a themost appropriate answer from the options
person communicates within himself and acts as both a given below:
sender and a receiver of a message. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
27. Match List I with List II (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
List-I (Input List-II incorrect
method) (Use) (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
(A) Bar Code (I) To input text from
correct
Reader a printed
document Ans.(c): Due Statement - I is true and Statement - II are
false.
(B) Chip Reader (II) To input data from
Artificial Intelligence (AI)learns from changing
a bank cheque
circumstances, whereas virtual reality is an artificially
(C) MICR (III) To input data from created environment used to give a feeling of 'being
a bank card true' John Mc Carthy is considered the father of
(D) OCR (IV) To input data artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the
about a prouct at a simulation of human intelligence processes by
POS machines, especially computer systems.
(Point of sale) A QR code is a type of matrix barcode (or two
Choose the correct answer from the options dimensional barcode) invented in 1994 by the Japanese
given below: company Denso wave.
(a) (A)- (I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV) QR, a type of more sophisticated barcode which uses a
matrix of dark squares and rectangle on a light
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
background, stands for quick Reaction.
(c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(d) (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) 29. Match List I with List II:
List-I List-II
Ans.(c): j
(Committee) (Chairman)
List- I List -II
(A) Committee on (I) Swaminathan
(Input (Use)
Corporate
method)
Participation
(A) Bar code (IV) To input data about a in Higher
reader product at a POS Education
(B) Chip reader (III) To input data from a (B) Calcutta (II) Michael
bank Card University Sadler
Commission
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(C) Committee on (III) N.R. In the light of the above statements, choose the
funding Narayanamur most appropriate answer from the options
Central thy given below:
Universities (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(D) Committee on (IV) Justice K. (b) Both statement I and Statement II are
technical Punnayya incorrect
Education (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
Choose the correct answer from the options incorrect
given below: (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct
(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) Ans.(c): Relation of invariable concomitance is the
relation between Hetu and Paksa which requires
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
qualifying tem or limitation (Upadhi) e.g. wherever there is
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
fire there is smoke are to but statement II are false.
Ans.(c):
32. In the context of vocational education,
List - I List -II competency level 8 as per NSQF. is equivalent to:
(Committee) (Chairman) (a) Doctrate Degree
(A) Committee an (III) N.R. (b) Undergraduate Degree
corporate Narayanamurthy (c) Diploma
participation in (d) Master Degree
Higher education Ans.(d): The National Skills Qualifications Framework
(B) Calcutta University (II) Michael Sadler (NSQF) is a competency - based framework that
(C) Committee on (IV) Justice K. Organizes all qualifications according to a series of
funding Central Punnayya levels of knowledge , skills and competencies.
Universities Competency level 8 as per NSQF is equivalent to
(D) Committee on (I) Swaminathan Master's degree.
technical education 33. In a mixture of two types of oils A and B, the
30. Which one of the following acronyms matches ratio of A: B is 3:2. If the cost of oil A is Rs. 60
incorrectly with their full form? per litre and that of oil B is Rs. 120 per litre,
then find the cost per litre of the resulting
(a) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
mixture.
(b) File Transfer Protocol
(a) 92 (b) 90
(c) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(c) 96 (d) 84
(d) Internet Service Protocol
3
Ans.(d): The full form of ISP is Internet Service Ans.(d): Total cost of oil A of mixture = 60 ×
Protocol. ISP is an Organization that provides services 5
for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. = 12×3
Apart from providing access, it also provides other = `36
services. Like - E-mail service, web hosting, domain, 2
and Total cost of oil B = 120 ×
website design etc. Through ISP, users can connect their 5
smartphones, laptops, computers etc to the Internet. = 24×2
31. Given below are two statements: = `48
Statement I : Relation of invariable Hence the cost per litre of the resulting mixture
concomitance is the relation between hetu and = 36 + 48
Sadhya which requires no qualifying tem or = `84
limitation (upadhi). e.g. wherever there is 34. Given below are two statement:
smoke there is fire.
Statement I : In a breeder reactor the amount
Statement II: Relation of invariable of fissile material consumed is more than the
concomitance is the relation between hetu and
amount of fissile material produced.
Paksa which requires qualifying tem or
Statement II: In India Kalpakkam (Chennai) Nuclear
limitation (upadhi). e.g. wherever there is fire
Power Plant is an example of a breeder reactor.
there is smoke.
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In the light of the above statements, choose the Choose the correct answer from the options
correct answer from the options given below: given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (a) (A), (B), (D), (E), (C)
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(b) (B), (D), (C), (A), (E)
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(c) (A), (D), (B), (C), (E)
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(d) (D), (A), (C), (B), (E)
Ans.(d): In the breeder reactor the amount of fissile
material consumed is less than the amount of fissile Ans.(c): Experimental research is research conducted with
material produced. This type of reactor is designed to a scientific approach using two sets of variables.
expand the nuclear fuel supply for electrical power Experimentation is the main pillar of the scientific method.
generation. Uranium -23 is used in a breeder reactor. The following are the steps of an experimental research-
The first experimental breeder reactor (EBR-1) was
(A) Selection of the setting
developed in 1951 in Idaho, USA.
(D) Selection of the experimental design.
In India Kalapakkam (Chennai) Nuclear Power Plant is
an example of a breeder reactor. (B) Operationalisation of Variables
So both Statement I and Statement II are true. (C) Administration of the experiment
35. Given below are two statements: (E) Analysis and interpretation of result.
Statement I: Qualitative research uses a static 38. A literature review will have to answer the
set of questions. questions of:
Statement II: In quantitative research,
(A) What area should not be investigated?
questions are standardised.
(B) What type of research has been doen in the area?
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below: (C) What research methods have been used?
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (D) What area has not been investigated?
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (E) What methods should not have been used in
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false earlier studies
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans.(d): Qualitative research is research which involves given below:
examining past events to draw conclusions and make (a) (A), (B), (C) only
predictions about the future, while quantitative research
(b) (B), (C), (D) only
has standardized question. A fixed set of question is not
used in qualitative research. (c) (D), (C), (E) only
36. Which of the following statement is converse of the (d) (D), (E), (A) only
statement - 'All academicians are visionaries"? Ans.(b): A literature review is a survey of Scholarly
(a) Some visionaries are academicians sources (such as books, journal articles and theses)
(b) Some visionaries are visionaries. related to a specific topic or research question. The
(c) Some academicians are not non-visionaries. literature review should answer the following questions-
(d) No visionaries are not non-academicians. (B) What type of research has been done in the area?
Ans.(a): It is not necessary that some visionaries will be (B) What research methods have been used?
academicians, hence the converse of "all academicians
(D) What area has not been investigated?
are visionaries"
39. If the statement 'All children are innocent' is
37. The sequence of stages in experimental research
given as true, then which of the following
is:
statement can be inferred to be true?
(A) Selection of the setting.
(B) Operationalisation of variables. (a) All those who are innocent are children
(C) Administration of the experiment. (b) Some children are innocent.
(D) Selection of the experimental design. (c) All those who are non-innocent are adults.
(E) Analysis and interpretation of results. (d) Some childrent are non-innocent.
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Ans.(b): According to the statement venn diagram is a 42. In how many years the compound interest on
follows- Rs. 10,000 at the rate of 10% will be Rs. 2100?
(a) 4 years (b) 2.5 years
(c) 2 years (d) 3 years
Ans.(c): P = 10000 + 2100
= 12100
n = ?, r = 10%
It is clear from the above venn diagram that only the n
 r 
conclusion of the option is true. ∵ P = A 1+ 
 100 
40. One of the factors that influences our feedback
n
to the communicated message most is  10 
12100 = 10000 1+ 
(a) Location of reception  100 
(b) Channel of mediation 1210  11 
n

(c) Receptor's involvement = 

100  10 
(d) Transmission economy n n
 11   11 
Ans.(c): Communication is simply the act of   = 
transferring information from one place, person or  10   10 
group to another. The receptor's involvement is one of n = 2 years.
the factor most affecting our feedback about the messae 43. The Likert scale is used to measure a set of
communicated. (a) Values (b) Norms
41. Given below are two statemets: (c) Attitudes (d) Formulae
Statement I: Most of the emerging Ans.(c): Likert-scale, rating system, used in
contaminants of water are Endocrine questionnaires, that is designed to measure people's
Disruption Chemicals (EDCs). attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. Likert scales are widely
Statement II: Flame retardant additive, found used in social and educational research. When using Likert
in environment throughout the globe, are scale, the research must consider issues such as categories
considered to be EDCs. of response (values in the scale), size of the scale, direction
In the light of the above statements, choose the of the scale, the ordinal nature of Likert-derived data and
correct answer from the options given below: appropriate statistical analysis of such data.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true So option (c) is correct.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are fals 44. Who among the following was the first thinker
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false in India to write on Spherical Trigonometry?
(d) Statement I is false but Statement Ii is true (a) Bhaskaracharya (b) Aryabhatta
(c) Akshapada (d) Kanada
Ans.(a): Endocrine- disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are
substances in the environment (air, soil or water supply) Ans.(a): Bhaskaracharya was the first thinker in India
food, source, person care products and manufactured to write on spherical trignometry. Aryabhatta became
products that interfere with the normal function of your famous us a mathematician and astronomer. The
body's endocrine system. Aryabhatta theory composed by Aryabhatta had a deep
influence in the development of Islamic Astronomy
Most of the emerging contaminants of water are
mainly in India's north-west.
Endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs)
Flame retardant additive, found in environment 45. Given below are two statement: One is labelled
throughout the globe, are considered to be EDCs. Flame as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
retardants comprise a diverse group of chemicals used Reason R.
in a number of applicants, including manufacturing in Assertion (A): The new system of digital
the electronic equipment, textile, plastics, polymers and communication has made the emergence of an
car industries. The toxins released by all these are interactive society possible.
therefore also known as secretary disruptive chemicals. Reasons (R): The new system is based on
Hence both the statement I and statement II are true 'digitised and networked integrationof multiple
communication modes'.
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In the light of the above statements, choose the 46. The middle class became powerful in India
most appropriate answer from the options because of:
given below:
(a) English-language education
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A) (b) Modernization of the country
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT (c) Profesionalisation of politics
the correct explanation of (A) (d) Popularity of power brokering
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
Ans.(a): The middle class in India had immense power
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
and opportunities were available to this class mainly in
Ans.(a): The new system of digital communication has
made the emergency of an interactive society possible. English language education and employment opportunities
Digital communication involves an organization online in both private and public sectors. That is why this class
communication of efforts. became powerful.
Through this system, the process of communication has 47. The passage describes:
became faster and individual and group communication
(a) The emergence of national space
can be done easily by the people. Most of the work has
been digitized through this system and all became based (b) The elitist imagination of combining nation
on integration through the network. Hence both (A) and state with market
(R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (c) The role of bureaucracy in modernising India
Direction: (46-50): Read the passage and answer (d) Social change as a limited process
below questions.
The formation of the Indian state runs in a Ans.(b): This passage describes the elitist imagination of
parallel narative with the formation of its elite. combining nation state with market. The state gradually
Indian independence marked the powerful role of development the market, creating employment opportunities
the elite in establishing an agenda of for the middle classes in India's mixed economy.
modernisation driven by an instrumentalist
notion of the state. The elite were constituted in 48. What phenomenon marked the Indian
the emerging national space of an independent independence?
India as the drivers of social change processes, (a) Notion of India
bringing Indian society into modernisation. The
(b) Concept of States
elite not only comprised of political power
brokers and private interasts, but also of a middle (c) Role of power elites
class educated in English and employed in the (d) Parallel narratives of modernisation
private, state, and civil society sectors. The Ans.(d): Indian independence marked the powerful role
emergent professional middel class as a subject of
of the elite in establishing an agenda of modernization
the modern state help considerable power. With
its axxess to primarily english-language education driven by an instrumentalist notion of the state.
and opportunities for employment in both the 49. The state ensured the middle class participation in:
private and public sectors. The state on on hand, (a) National Politics
developed an extended bureaucracy for running
the state apparatus and on the othe rhand, (b) Bureaucratisation of power
gradually cultivated the market, creating (c) India'smixed econom
employment opportunities for the middle calsses (d) Changing the state apparatus
and ensuring the participation of the middle
classes in India's mixed economy. Ans.(c): The state ensured the middle class participation
The participation of the middle classes int he in India's mixed economy.
Indian economy and in the cultivation of its 50. The elites were expected to
imagination is a salient feature that plays out in (a) Promote private interests
the discursive arena. The success of the Indian
state in this sense was intrinsically tied to the (b) Set private agenda
recrafting of an imagination of an independent (c) Manage the civil society
India that, on one hand, putforth a narrative of (d) Change the society
the nation state and on theothe hand, mobilised
the market as a site for particiaption. Ans.(d): The elites were expected to change the society.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date : 29 Sep., 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Based on the data in the table, answer the five Ans.(b): According to given table yearly selling of 7-
questions that follow: AH batteries is as following–
The following table gives the sale figures of the Year Selling of 7-AH batteries
five different types of batteries (in thousands) (in thousands)
sold by a company during the years 2015 to 2015 144
2021. 2016 126
Year-wise Sale of Batteries 2017 114
Year Types of Batteries Sold (in thousands) 2018 90
4AH 7AH 32AH 35AH 55AH 2019 75
2015 75 144 114 102 108 2020 60
2016 90 126 102 84 126 2021 85
2017 96 114 75 105 135 According to above table there is gradual fall in selling
of 7-AH batteries from 2015 to 2021 but smaller growth
2018 105 90 150 90 90
in 2021. In such way closer and correct answer is 7-AH
2019 90 75 135 75 90 battery.
2020 105 60 165 45 120 3. What is the difference in the number of 35AH
2021 115 85 160 100 145 batteries sold in 2016 and 2020?
1. The percentage of 4AH batteries sold in a given (a) 24000 (b) 28000
year to the total number of batteries sold in (c) 25000 (d) 39000
that same year was maximum in the year: Ans.(d): According to given table-
(a) 2017 (b) 2018 Total no. of sold 35-AH batteries in 2020 = 45 thousands
(c) 2019 (d) 2020 Total no. of sold 35AH batteries in 2016 = 84 thousands
Ans.(d): The number 4 of AH of batteries sold in 2020 Hence, difference between no of batteries sold in years
= 105 thousands 2016 and 2020 = 84 thousands – 45 thousands
The total number of batteries sold in 2020 = (105 + 60 + = 39 thousands
165 + 45 + 120) thousand 4. The total sales of all the seven years is
= 495 thousands maximum for which type of battery?
So, percentage of sold 4 AH batteries with respect to (a) 4AH (b) 7AH
total no. of batteries sold in 2020– (c) 32 AH (d) 35 AH
105thousands Ans.(c): Total No. of sold batteries of different types in
= ×100
495thousands all seven years.
= 21.21% Battery Total selling (In all 7 years)
Which is maximum among given options. 4-AH 676 thousands
2015 – 1308% 7AH 694 thousands
2016 – 17.04% 32-AH 901 thousands
2017 – 18.25% 35-AH 601 thousands
2018 – 20.58% 55 AH 814 thousands
2019 – 19.35% According to above total table the maximum number of
2020 – 21.21% battery 32-AH was sold in all seven years.
2021 – 19.00% 5. What is the approximate percentage increase in
2. In case of which type of battery there was a the sales of 55AH batteries in 2021 compared to
continuous decrease in sales from 2015 to 2020? that in 2015?
(a) 4AH (b) 7AH (a) 28% (b) 31%
(c) 32 AH (d) 35 AH (c) 33% (d) 34%

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Ans.(d): The selling number of 55 AH battery are 108 Choose the correct answer from the options
thousands and 145 thousands in respective year 2015 given below:
and 2021. (a) A, D and E only (b) C and D only
The difference between no of 5 AH batteries selling in
(c) B, C and E only (d) A, C and E only
year 2015 and 2021.
= (145 – 108)×1000 Ans.(d): A fallacy in which the conclusion is stated or
= 37000 assumed within one of the premises is know as follows.
Hence the percentage growth in selling of battery 55 1. Begging the question or Petitio Principle–It is
AH in 2021 with respect to 2015. type of fallacy of presumption, consisting clearly
growth in selling assuming the conclusion in the premises instead of
= ×100
sellingin2015 proving it. It ends where it begins. Sometimes
37000 powerful minds are shared by it.
= ×100
108000 Ex.
= 34.25
⇒ all men are mortal, Ram is man. Therefore Ram is
= 34
mortal.
6. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
as a Assertion A and the other is labelled as 2. Circular Argument–The type of fallacy when
Reason R definition of a term is changed during the course of
Assertion A : Hybrid Electric Vehicles' (HEVs) argument, to suit the conclusion we wish to reach.
fuel running cost is lesser than electric Vehicles From above explanation option (d) is correct.
(EVs)
Reason R : Hybrid Electric Vehicles have both 8. Which type of virus or destructive software
an internal combustion engine and an on board could appear to be useful, but will actually
electric power generation system cause damage once installed or run by a user?
In light of the above statements, choose the (a) Hoax (b) Worm
most appropriate answer from the options
(c) Trojan Horse (d) System Sector
given below
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct Ans.(c): ‘Trojan Horse’ is not a virus even it’s a
explanation of A destructive computer application which seems like
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the useful and real software. It does not replicate like
correct explanation of A viruses but becomes destructive.
(c) A is correct but R is not correct
9. Six persons went to a hotel for a dinner. Five of
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
them spent Rs. 150 each on their meals, while
Ans.(d): Electric Vehicles (EVs)–Those vehicles or
cars run by electric motor and have an electric on board, the sixth person spent Rs. 80 more than the
comes under EVs. Those type of vehicles donֹ’t have average expenditure of all the six persons.
internal combustion engine, have zero emission and What is the total money spent by all the six
pollution free. They have to charged for run them. persons?
These are little costlier than conventional and hybrid
(a) 996 (b) 999
electric vehicles (HEVs) but have lower maintenance
cost. (c) 1000 (d) 1001
th
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)–These type of Ans.(a): Let be that 6 person expenses = x Rs.
vehicles or cars have two power source, internal According to the question,
combustion engine and electric motor powered by
fossil fuels and electricity respectively. They are Average of total person’s expense + 80
th
more fuel efficient than conventional vehicles but = Rs. expensed by 6 person
are lesser fuel efficient than EVs and also have 750 + x 750 + 480 + x
greater maintenance cost than EVs. or + 80 = x or =x
6 6
7. A fallacy in which the conclusion is stated or
assumed within one of the premises is known 5x = 1230
severally as: x = 1230/5
(A) Petitio Principii = 246 Rs.
(B) Irrelevant Conclusion Hence total money expensed by all the six persons
(C) Begging the Question
= 750 + 246
(D) Fallacy of composition
(E) Circular argument = 996 Rs.

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10. The percentage increase in carbon dioxide 1. First Quadrant – Video Lecture
concentration in atmosphere from pre- 2. Second Quadrant – Specially prepared material
industrial times is approximately which can be download or print.
(a) 55% (b) 50% 3. Third Quadrant – Self analysis test and quiz
(c) 74% (d) 62% 4. Fourth Quadrant – Facility of online discussion by
Ans.(b): Every year carbondioxide (CO2) is released in which doubts could be dominated.
the atmosphere by human activities, is more than what From the above explanation option (a) is correct.
is removed from atmosphere by natural process. In 2021 13. Analogical Arguments are:
the global average carbon dioxide set a new record high (a) Deductive in nature
in value is 414.7 ppm. (b) Inductive in nature
At current level of CO2 in atmosphere has been (c) Valid arguments but fallacious
increased approximate 50% than pre-industrial period (d) Invalid arguments
which was 278 PPM. Ans.(b): It is a special type of inductive argument in
which one concludes that two things are alike in a
11. The modern communication revolution is certain respect because they are like in other respects.
propelled by Example–
(a) Cold war propaganda Set −1a,b,c,q: all have the attributes for PQR,
(b) International commerce analogical 
 Set 2 − a, b,c : all have theattribute for S
(c) Technological convergence argument 
 Conclusion − q probably has attribute for S
(d) Change in political systems q = Target entity a, b, c = compares group
Ans.(c): The inter connection of information and s = Target attribute P, Q, R = comparison attributes
communications technologies brought a wide scope of 14. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
communication revolution. The modern communication as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
revolution involves not only. Reason R
Assertion A : Static RAM is typically used for
Spread or exchange of information only but also
PC's main memory while Dynamic RAM is
transforms established industries, services and work used for CPU cache.
practices and enables entire new form of constants to Reason R: Static RAM is faster and more
emerge. expensive than Dynamic RAM
The technological dimension of coverage is the most In light of the above statements, choose the
readily understood, with the world wide web, smart correct answer from the options given below
phones, tablet computers, tele-communications and (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
other digital services, billions of people are now able to
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
access media content that was once tied to specific
correct explanation of a
communication media (print and broadcast) or (c) A is true but R is false
platforms (newspapers, magazines, radio, television and (d) A is false but R is true
cinema). Ans.(d): STATIC RAM – Static Random Access
From the above explanation option (c) is correct. Memory : Static-RAM–It is used for cash memory. In
12. Which of the following model is used for this data is stored in transistor and continuous flow of
development of e-content for MOOCs on electricity is required. There is no change or action in
data in SRAM. In comparison to other RAMs it works
SWAYAM? faster and utilize less electricity. Dynamic RAM - Its
(a) Four Quadrant (b) Two Quadrant full name is Dynamic Random Access memory , in
(c) Flipped Classroom (d) Bloom's Taxonomy which data is stored in a capacitor. it is mainly used for
Ans.(a): SWAYAM stands for ‘‘study webs of active memory. This necessitates frequent changes or
referencing to keep the action data intact.
learning for young aspiring minds’’, it is an
15. The highest nonzero dose at which no toxic
indigenously developed IT (Information Technology)
effect is observed in a study on animals is called
platform initiated by ‘Government of India’. Any (a) LD50 (b) NOAEL
person around the world can resister at this platform (c) LOAEL (d) NOEFF
where online courses are run of more than 100 subjects Ans.(b): The highest does (amount) on which no any
th
starting from class 9 upto post-graduate. poisonous or adverse effect is shown is called
Subjects run on SWAYAM are divided into following ‘NOAELֹ’. The NOAEL stands for ‘No observed
four quadrants. Adverse Effect level.’

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16. When the subjects of a research change or 19. The advantage of research based on field
improve their behaviour, not due to change in experiments are:
experimental stimulus, it is called (A) A strong external validity
(a) The Hawthorne Effect (B) Subjects behave normally and naturally
(b) The Glenn Effect (C) The experiment takes place in a natural
(c) The Fischer Effect setting
(d) The Kerlinger Effect (D) Generation of primary data
Ans.(a): The type of effect in which individuals modify (E) Non-requirement of elaborate logistics
an aspect of their behaviour 'not due to change in Choose the correct answer from the options
experimental stimulus' in response to their awareness of given below:
being observed, is called ‘‘Hawthorn Effect.’’ (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
17. Choose the set of numbers, similar to the set (c) C, D and E only (d) A, C and E only
(31, 19, 41) out of the following: Ans.(b): There are following advantages of field
(A) (27, 29, 47) experiments–
(B) (23, 34, 49) (i) In research based on field experiments its subjects
(C) (29, 16, 41) behave normally and naturally.
(D) 29, 17, 37) (ii) The experiment takes place in a natural setting.
(E) (23, 37, 49) (iii) Experiment is based on collection of primary data.
Choose the correct answer from the options (iv) Fewer demand characteristic if participants are un-
given below: aware.
(a) A, C and E only (b) A and B only 20. The selling price of 30 fans is equal to the
(c) B and D only (d) D only purchase price of 25 fans. What is the profit or
Ans.(d): On analysing sets given in question and loss in percentage?
matching them– 2
(a) A gain of 16 % (b) A loss of 15%
Q. Set (31 19 41) 3
(31 + (1 + 9) = 41) 2
According to option- (c) A loss of 16 % (d) No gain, no loss
3
Set D. (29, 17, 37)
Ans.(c): Let be cost price of 25 fans and selling price of
(29 + 8 = 37)
30 fans = x Rs.
(29 + (1+7)=37) Now, cost price of 25 fans = x Rs.
18. Which of the following are barriers to x
understand the communicated messages? Hence cost price of one fan = Rs.
25
(A) Emotional quotient
Now selling price of 30 fans = x Rs.
(B) Jargon
x
(C) Personal space Hence selling price of one fan = Rs.
30
(D) Pre-judgment
x x
(E) Culture background Here <
30 25
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: Because selling price of fan is less than cost price hence
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, D and E only there is loss.
x x
(c) C, D and E only (d) B, C and D only loss = −
25 30
Ans.(b): A communication barrier is anything that
prevents us from receiving and understanding the x
= per fan
message others use to convey their information ideas 150
and thoughts. They are followings. loss
%loss = ×100
1. Jargon–That land of words or terminology which cost price
are not easily understand by receiver or very  x 
difficult come under this category.  
2. Pre-judgment–Prejudgment is making decisions or =  150  ×100
 x 
early conclusions without all the necessary evidence to  25 
help in decision making process distracts a learner
x × 25
from recovering message from communicator. = ×100
x ×150
3. Cultural background–Different cultures have
different meanings form several basic values of 2
= 16.66 or 16 %
society reduces communication flow. 3

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21. What shall be the value when 0.07 is divided by Choose the correct answer from the options
350? given below:
(a) 0.0002 (b) 0.002 (A) (B) (C) (D)
(c) 0.02 (d) 0.00002 (a) i ii iii iv
–2 –3
Ans.(a): 0.07 can be written as 7 × 10 or 70 × 10 (b) ii iii iv i
2 1 (c) iii iv i ii
350 can be written as 3.5 × 10 or 35 × 10
Now dividing 0.07 by 350 (d) iv i ii iii
0.07 70 × 10−3 Ans.(c): After matching both columns.
= =
350 35 × 101 Set-I Set-II
= 2 × 10−4 = 0.0002 Concept of Presentation Characteristics
22. Which of the following universities is an 1. Text (i) Microdata
Institute of Eminence? 2. Discourse (ii) Macro exchange
(a) Central University of Gujrat, Gandhinagar 3. Connotation (iii) Order of significance
(b) University of Hyderabad 4. Myth (iv) Subjective Invention
(c) Tezpur University 25. The Social Science research which is data-
(d) Jamia Millia Islamia based, has been associated with
Ans.(b): The Institute of Eminence, aimed at creating (a) Authoritarian mode
20 world class higher education institutions was (b) Positivist philosophy
launched by the then ministry of Human Resource (c) Network theory
Development (now ministry of education) in (d) Phenomenology
September, 2017. All IOEs have the freedom to decide Ans.(b): The social science research which is based on
their own fee structure and courses, hire and admit data is related to ‘positivist philosophy’
foreign faculty and foreign students upto a certain limit
and have freedom to setap academic and research 26. Given below are two statements
collaborations with foreign institutions. From given Statement I : The recommendations of the
options ‘university of Hyderabad’ has honour to be an Radhakrishnan Commission in 1949 resemble
‘Institute of Eminence.’ those of Calcutta University Commission in 1917.
23. What is the correct chronological order of Statement II : The recommendations of the
sequence from older to newer of the following Mudaliar Commission in 1953 resemble those
agreement, summit and protocols? of John Sergent's post-war Educational
(A) Paris Agreement (B) Montreal Protocol Development Plan in 1944.
(C) Kyoto Protocol (D) Rio Summit In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below
given below:
(a) A, B, C, D (b) B, D, C, A (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(c) A, C, D, B (d) B, C, D, A (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Ans.(b): The correct chronological order of sequence
from older to newer of the following agreement, summit (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
and protocols is following. Ans.(a): The recommendation of the Radhakrishnan
Agreement, Summit, Protocol Year Commission in 1949 resemble those of Calcutta University
1. Montreal Protocol – 1987 Commission in 1917 this statement is a correct statement.
2. Rio-Summit – 1992 The recommendations of the Mudalior Commission in
3. Kyoto Protocol – 1997 1953 resemble those of John Sargent’s post-war
4. Paris Agreement – 2015 Educational Development Plan in 1944 is also correct.
24. Match List-I with List-II 27. In Classical Square of Opposition, if "Some S is
P' is given as true then which of the following
List-I List-II
could be immediately inferred from it?
Concept of presentation Characteristic A. 'Some S is not P' is false
A Text I Order of B. 'Some S is not P' is true
signification C. 'No S is P' is false
B. Discourse II Subjective D. 'All S is P' is undetermined
invention E. 'Some S is not P' is undetermined
C. Connotation III Micro data Choose the correct answer from the options
D. Myth IV Macro exchange given below:
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(a) A, C, and D only (b) C, D and E only (a) A, B, C and D only (b) A, B, C and E only
(c) B, C and D only (d) B and C only/ (c) B, C, D and E only (d) B and E only
Ans.(b): The classical square of opposition 'if some's is Ans.(b): Environment education casts light upon
P' is given as true then. conservation of natural resources, environmental
management, ecological conditions, environmental
mutual activities, ethics and sustainability including
social, abiotic biotic aspects. In which issues on
(C) No s is P is false. environmental destruction, resource consumption loss
(D) All S is P is undetermined. of biodiversity, dependency on resources, climate
(E) Some S is not P undetermined. change, and sustainable development are encompassed.
28. Given below are two statements 31. What is SCOPUS?
Statement : With Academic Bank of Credit (a) Software to prepare Ph.D thesis
facility in place, a student will be able to (b) Database containing abstracts and citations of
customize and design own degree, provided academic journals
50% of credit are from the higher education (c) Agency to fund research and development
institution awarding the degree. (d) Plagiarism checking software
Statement II : Credits once used or redeemed Ans.(b): Scopus is the largest abstract and citation
by a student cannot be used for any other database of peer reviewed literature scientific journals,
formal purpose or course wavers. books and conference proceedings. Delivering a
In light of the above statements, choose the comprehensive overview of the world’s research output
most appropriate answer from the options in the fields of science, technology, medicine, social
given below sciences and arts and humanities, Scopus features smart
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct tool to track, analyse and visualize research.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are 32. Effective classroom communication will enable
incorrect A. Efficient teaching
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is B. Interest in learning
incorrect C. Minimal assessment
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct D. Interaction between teachers and students
Ans.(a): ‘Academic Credit Bank’ is a virtual store house E. Teacher-centric behaviour
which store ‘academic credits’ of a student. It was Choose the correct answer from the options
introduced under ‘National Education Policy’ (NEP)-2020. given below:
‘University Grant Commission’ is responsible for (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C, D and E only
establishment of it. Under it students have alternative to (c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and D only
admit against a syllabus and complete it. Ans.(d): Effective classroom communication is the
Under the academic credit bank, students will be given process by which we can exchange ideas, thoughts,
alternative to leave the syllabus or degree and to get knowledge and information in such a way that if fulfills
related certificate and students can start their incomplete towards best fruit for an effective classroom
study at the same level again. According this facility communication following points should be applied.
students can complete their 50% syllabus from where Efficient teaching
they are enrolled or from any other institutional too. Interest teaching
29. In a State government university or Central Interaction between teachers and students
University, recommendation of the Selection Fearless atmosphere among students
Committee for the recruitment of the faculty is Question-answer session
approved by the Supportive teacher student relationships.
(a) Academic Council 33.
Which of the following peripheral devices are
(b) Executive Council considered as only input devices?
(c) Finance Committee A. Microphone
(d) Chancellor of University B. Projector
Ans.(b): In a statement government university or C. Joy Stick
central university, recommendation of the selection D. Scanner
committee for the recruitment of the faculty is approvedE. Track- ball
by the executive council. Hence option (b) is correct. Choose the correct answer from the options
30. Environmental education encompasses the given below:
issues of (a) A, C, D and E only (b) A, B, D and E only
(A) Resource Consumption (c) B, C, D and E only (d) A, B, C and D only
(B) Environmental Degradation Ans.(a): Input Device–That device through which data
(C) Biodiversity loss and information's are transferred to the computer or by
(D) Economic empowerment which operator commands to the computer is called
(E) Climate change and its impact input device. Mouse, Keyboard, Joy-stick, microphone,
Choose the correct answer from the options scanner, trackball etc. While projector is an output
given below: device.
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34. According to Noise Pollution (Regulation and Ans.(a): For an effective educational learning's a
Control) Rules in India, noise (Leq) in teacher should encourage on student to ask questions, so
educational institutions during night time (10pm- that hesitation and unwillingness among the students
6am) must not exceed could be diluted resulting towards more inclusive
(a) 35dB (b) 40 dB education.
(c) 45 dB (d) 50 dB Asking question’s in the class creates curiosity among
the students which encourages learning.
Ans.(b): According to Noise Pollution (Regulation and
38. With respect to the Computers, what is the
control) Rules in India, Noise (Leq) in educational purpose of compressing a data file?
institutions during night time (10 pm-6 am) must not (a) To encrypt the data
exceed 40 decibel (db). (b) To occupy less storage space
According different-different timings and regions noise (c) To increase transmission time over a network
standards is given below. (d) To allow the file to be ready by a variety of
Region/zone Noise standard (db) applications
Ans.(b): The multimedia data compression is the
technique which reduces or compress the data. So that
maximum data can be stored in minimum space or can
1. Industrial area 75 70 be transferred from one device (place) to other device
2. Commercial area 65 55 (place) easily. The data compression is only possible
3. Residential area 55 45 when original data contains some duplicate data.
4. Calm zone 50 40 39. A company's word-processed daily report
35. In order to develop to video for MOOC, how contains a graph from a spreadsheet. The
much portion of some copyrighted video is report needs to display the most recent
allowed to be used as per the fair use guidelines? information from the spreadsheet. What
(a) Upto 10% or 10 minutes, whichever is less feature should be used to insert the most up-to-
(b) Upto 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less date graph?
(c) Upto 20% or 10 minutes, whichever is less (a) Copy and paste
(d) Upto 30% or 3 minutes, whichever is less (b) Mail merge wizard
Ans.(b): In order to develop to video for MOOC, upto (c) Automated importing
(d) Linking and embedding
10% or 3 minutes whichever is less' Portion of some
copyrighted video is allowed to be used as per the fair Ans.(d): If a company's word-processed daily report
contains a graph from a spread sheet the report needs to
use guidelines display the most recent information from the spread
36. Which scheme of Ministry of Education sheet then Linking and embedding feature should be
Government of India, uses Artificial Intelligence used to insert the most up-to data graph.
to make learning more personalized and 40. Given below are two statements
customised, as per requirements of the learners? Statement I : Knowledge is a form of cultural
(a) NEAT (b) NEET capital purposes.
(c) SWAYAM (d) SWAYAM PRABHA Statement II : Communication media make
Ans.(a): NEAT stands for ‘National Educational cultural capital a form of illimitable property.
Alliance for Technology’ is a ‘Public-Private In light of the above statements, choose the
Partnership.’ Model between the Government (through most appropriate answer from the options
its implementing agency – AICTE) and Education given below
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Technology companies of India. One of the aims of it is (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
to provide technology solutions using artificial (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
intelligence for customized learning or e-content in (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
niche areas having highly employable skills are being Ans.(a): Knowledge is a form of cultural capital
identified for showcasing on the portal. purpose because communication media make cultural
37. Given below are two statements, one labelled as capital a form of illimitable property.
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R so both statement I and II are correct.
Assertion A: Teachers must encourage students 41. Upon completion of academic programmes
to ask questions. (Graduation), what outcomes should the
Reason R : Asking questions can create students have attained?
curiosity and develop passion for learning (a) Programme Education Objectives/Programme
In light of the above statements, choose the outcomes
most appropriate answer from the options (b) Lesson outcomes
given below
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct (c) Course outcomes
explanation of A (d) Unit/Chapter outcomes
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
correct explanation of a Ans.(a): Upon completion of academic programmes
(Graduation), Programme education objective
(c) A is correct but R is not correct /Programe outcomes should the student have attained.
(d) A is not correct but R is correct.
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42. Unscramble the strings below to create a 45. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
meaningful word and then find the odd one out: as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
A. EIWNTR Reason R
Assertion A: According to Classical Indian
B. UMRSME
School of Logic (Nyaya), it is desirable but not
C. PIGRSN necessary to offer an example in a syllogistic
D. LCUOD argument or inference.
Reason R : Example shows that there is at least
Choose the correct answer from the options one existent object or case in the world in
given below: which the middle and major terms co-exist.
(a) A only (b) B only In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options
(c) C only (d) D only
given below
Ans.(d): Formula Meaningful Word (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A
A. EIWNTR WINTER (A season)
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
B. UMRSME SUMMER (A season) correct explanation of A
C. PIGRSN SPRINGS (A season) (c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
D. ICOUD CLOUD (Not a season)
Ans.(d): According to classical Indian School of logic
In above all words, the word ‘CLOUD’ is different from (Nyaya). It is desirable but not necessary to offer an
all other three. example in a syllogistic argument or inference . This
Assertion A) is false. But Example shows that there is at
43. Hypothesis, that is alternative to null hypothesis, least one existante object or case in the world in which
is represented as the middle and major term Co-exist (R) is true.
(a) H0 (b) H1 Read the given passage and answer the
(c) Halt (d) H#0 questions that follow
Ans.(b): Alternative hypothesis defines statistically Human beings are not completely free to
important relationship between two variables. Whereas socially construct their own behaviour. They
null hypothesis states that there about no statistical have a shared biological nature. The nature is
relationship between two variables and denoted by Ho. remarkably uniform throughout the world,
The alternative hypothesis is statement used in given the fact that most contemporary humans
statistical inference experiment. It is contradictory to the outside of Africa descended from a single
null hypothesis and denoted by Ha or H1. Simply it may relatively small group of individuals some fifty
be called that is an alternative to null hypothesis. thousand years ago. This shared nature does
44. An American is told by his friend that Asian not determine political behaviour, but it frames
buffalo is like bison in such and such respects. and limits the nature of institutions that are
When the American visits Asia and comes possible. It also means that human politics is
across a buffalo, he comes to know that the
subject to certain recurring patterns to
animal seen by him is buffalo. Which of the
following means of knowledge (pramana) is behaviour across time and across cultures. This
used in this instance? shared nature can be described in certain
(a) Postulation (Arthapatti) propositions like that the human beings never
existed in a pre-social state.
(b) Comparison (Upamana)
The idea that human beings at one time existed
(c) Perception (Pratyaksa) as isolated individuals, who interacted either
(d) Verbal Testimony (Sabda) through anarchic violence (Hobbes) or in
Ans.(b): An American is told by his friend that Asian pacific ignorance of one another (Rousseau), is
buffalo is like bison in such and such respects. not correct. Human beings as well as their
primate ancestors always lived in kin-based
When the American visits Asia and comes across a
buffalo , he comes to know that the animal seen by him social groups of varying sizes. Indeed, they
is buffalo, in this instance the knowledge is (Pramana) lived in these social units for a sufficiently long
used is comparison (Upamana) period of time that the cognitive and emotional

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faculties needed to promote social cooperation 48. From the author's point of view, the main
evolved and became hardwired in their genetic characteristic of human society has been
endowments. This means that a rational-choice (a) Anarchic violence
model of collective action, in which individuals
(b) Pacific ignorance of one another
calculate that they will be better off by
cooperating with one another, vastly (c) Kinship based social groups
understates the degree of social cooperation (d) Calculated individual relations
that exists in human societies and
Ans.(c): From the autharis point of view the main
misunderstands the motives that underlie it. characteristic of human society has been kinship based
The next one is the idea of natural human Social groups. The concept of social co-operation is
sociability. This is built around two principles, dependent on two principles kin selection and reciprocal
kin selection and reciprocal altruism. The altruism. The principle of kin selection or inclusive
principle of kin selection or inclusive fitness fitness states that human beings will not altruistically
states that human beings will act altruistically toward genetic relatives (or individual believed to be
toward genetic relatives (or individuals genete relatives) in rough proportion to their shared
believed to be genetic relatives) in rough genes. The principle of reciprocal altruism to their
proportion to their shared genes. The principle shared genes. The principle of reciprocal altruism says
of reciprocal altruism says that human beings that human beings tend to develop relationships of
mutual benefit or mutual harm as they interact with
tend to develop relationships of mutual benefit
other individuals overtime.
or mutual harms as they interact with other
individuals over time. Reciprocal altruism, 49. The concept of social cooperation involves
unlike kin selection, does not depend on genetic A. Kin selection
relatedness: it does, however, depend upon
B. Cognitive faculty
repeated, direct personal interaction.
46. The shared biological nature of humans C. Emotional detachment
influences D. Reciprocal altruism
(a) The division of social constructs Choose the correct options
(b) The nature of institutions in society (a) A and B only
(c) The political behaviour of people (b) B and C only

(d) The formation of social groups (c) C and D only

(d) A and D only
Ans.(b): The shard biological nature of humans
influences the nature of institution in society. Ans.(d): The concept of social corporation involves.
(i) Kin selection
47. Human beings did not exist in a pre-social state
due to (ii) Reciprocal altruisms.

(a) Social kinsfolk 50. The passage recognizes the fact that human
sociability has
(b) Human politics across cultures
(a) Political determinants
(c) Institutional limitations
(b) Rational choice model
(d) Absence of individuals independence (c) Integrated collective action
Ans.(a): Human beings did not existing presocial state (d) Genetic linkage
due to social kinsfalk. The idea of natural human Ans.(d): As the passage asserts that human sociability
sociability is built around two principles, kin selection depends upon two factors kin selection and reciprocal
and reciprocal altruism. The principle of kin selection or altruism. The principle of kin selection or inclusive
inclusive fitness states that human beings will act fitness states that human beings will act altruistically
altruistically toward genetic relatives (or individuals toward genetic relatives or linkage (or individuals
believed to be genetic relatives) in rough proportion to believed to be genetic relatives) in rough proportion to
the shared genes. their shared genes.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 29 Sept, 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

1. The following table shows the percentage (%) 2. The ratio of the number of students qualifying
distribution of number of students qualifying from Schools B, C and D in 2020 to that of
an Entrance Exam from seven school A-G in Schools E, F and G in 2021 is
the years 2020 and 2021. The number of
students qualifying from School G in 2020 and (a) 2 : 3 (b) 51 : 75
2021 are 90 and 135 respectively. Based on the (c) 3 : 2 (d) 25 : 33
data in the table, answer the questions 1-5:
Ans.(d): The number of students qualifying in 2020 = 750
School-wise Distribution of Qualified Students
School Distribution (%) of Qualified (14 +16 +10) 40
750× = 750× = 300
students 100 100
2020 2021 the number of students qualifying from school B, C and
A 21% 23% D in 2020 = Total number of students in qualifying in
B 14% 8% 2021 = 900
C 16% 11%
The number of students qualifying from school E, F and
D 10% 14%
(16 +13 +15) 44
E 18% 16% G in 2021 = 900× = 900× = 396
100 100
F 9% 18%
G 12% 15% Required Ratio 300 : 396
Number of student qualifying from Schools E = 25 : 33
and G together in 2020 is ............% of the
3. The percent rise in the number of students
number of students qualifying from School B in
2021. qualifying from School D from 2020 to 2021 is
(a) 188.5 (b) 247.5 (a) 60% (b) 63%
(c) 342.5 (d) 312.5 (c) 68% (d) 72%
Ans.(d): Number of students qualifying from school G
Ans.(c): Total number of students qualifying in 2020 = 750
in 2020 = 90
12% = 90 The number of students qualifying from school D in
90 10
100% = × 100 2020 = 750× = 75
12 100
= 750 Total number of students qualifying in 2021= 900
Number of students qualifying in 2020 = 750
Number of student qualifying from school E and G Number of students qualifying from school D in 2021
(18 +12) 30 14
750× = 750× = 225 = 900×
100 100 100
Number of students qualifying from school G in 2021 = 126
= 900
Number of students qualifying from school B in 2021 126 − 75
= required percent rise = ×100
= 900 75
Number of students qualifying from school B in 2021 = 68%
8 4. The percentage of the number of students
required percentage = 900× = 72
100 qualifying from Schools A-G together in 2021
225 with reference to 2020 is:
then = ×100
72 (a) 140% (b) 120%
= 312.5
(c) 135% (d) 112%
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Ans.(b): Total number of students qualifying from In the light of the above statements, choose the
90 correct answer from the options given below:
school A – G in the year 2020 = ×100 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
12
= 750 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Total number of students qualifying from school A – G (c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
in 2021 (d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
135 Ans.(a): Both statement I and statement II are true.
= ×100
15 Qualitative study is a type of social science study that
collects and works with non-numerical data. Many terms
= 900
are used in practice for qualitative study, such as -
Total number of students qualifying from school A – G Ethnographic research, case study research,
in 2021. Phenomenological research and constructivism etc.
900 Inductive approach is used in Qualitative research. The
Hence required Percentage = ×100 = 120% researcher has an important role in this. The focal point in
750
this study is a specific situation, institution.
5. If P and Q are the average number of students Community or human group. Qualitative studies open
qualifying from Schools B, C and D in 2020 and provide a great deal of details of the environment being
from Schools E, F and G in 2021, respectively, investigated. In this, critics have pointed out that
the Q – P is qualitative research suffers from the problem of
(a) 32 (b) 35 repeatability.
(c) 38 (d) 41 8. Which of the following tools can be used for
Ans.(a): Total number of students qualifying in 2020 ICT enabled teaching?
= 750 (a) Paper charts (b) Physical models
The number of students qualifying from the school B, C (c) Projector (d) Black Board
and D in 2020. Ans.(c): ICT (If Information and Communicative
Total number of students qualifying in 2021 = 900 Technology) teaching is a teaching based on tools and
techniques. In ICT teaching, students learn in a lively
Total number of students qualifying from the school E,
way through visual, audio and animation, so this type of
F and G in the year 2021 =
education is very effective. The following devices can
Thus Average Q = be used for ICT supported teaching: TV, Mobile,
Hence, Q – P = 32 Projector, radio, digital board etc.
6. In a certain coding language, if 'CRICKET' is 9. According to current estimate, the gross
coded as 2632479, 'ROCKET' is coded as enrolment ratio in Higher Education in India is
612479 and 'KETTLE' is coded as 479907, then around 27% which is expected to be increased
who 'LOCKER' shall be coded in that to ............... by the end of 2035.
language? (a) 30% (b) 40%
(a) 102674 (b) 021647 (c) 50% (d) 60%
(c) 120764 (d) 012476 Ans.(c): According to current estimate, the gross
Ans.(d): Given CRICKET = 2632479 enrollment ratio in higher education is around 27%,
ROCKET = 612479 which the state government has set a target of
KETTLE = 479907 increasing the enrollment rate in higher education to
According to the other code language 50% by the year 2035 under the new education policy.
In the year 2019-20 the Gross Enrollment Rate (G.E.R.)
LOCKER = ?
of Uttar Pradesh Higher education was just 25.3% while
L=O K=4
the Country's was 27.1%. This G.E.R. has been
O=1 E=7
prepared on the basis of admission of youth in the age
C=2 R=6
group of 18 to 23 years in higher education institutions.
Hence Code language of the word = 012476. Due to the efforts of the state government, it is also
7. Given below are two statements: improving year-wise. Now to achieve the set target
Statement I: Often qualitative studies provide too emphasis is being laid on increasing additional seats in
many details of the setting that are investigated. higher educational institutions, removing gender
disparity in technical courses and establishing higher
Statement II: Critics point out that qualitative
education institutions in unserved areas.
research suffers from the issue of replication.
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10. Which of the following statements are correct Ans.(d): Teacher-A offline : Teacher-B online. In the
regarding VoLTE above question teacher 'A' is using offline class system
A. VoLTE stands for 'Voice over Long Term as he is using chalk and board and making students to
Evaluation' write notes by speaking. Offline lessons provide
students with a practical learning environment with in
B. It is a digital packet voice service delivery over
the confines of an actual classroom.
IP via an LTE access network Similarly teacher 'B' is using online class system as he
C. Provides more efficient use of spectrum than uses video conference and LMS to provide digital
traditional voice resources. Online education has evolved into a flexible
D. Eliminates the need to have voice on one instructional technology of learning in which students
network and data on another network. can easily access study material at the ease of their
Choose the correct answer from the options homes.
given below: 13. The simple interest accrued on a sum of certain
(a) A, B, C and D only principal is Rs. 1200 in 4 years at the rate of
8% per annum. What would be the simple
(b) B, C and D only
interest accrued on thrice of that principle at
(c) A, B and C only the rate of 6% per annum in 3 years?
(d) A, C and D only (a) 2150 (b) 2050
Ans.(b): VoLTE stands for Voice over Long term (c) 2025 (d) 2100
Evolution. It is a digital packet voice service delivered over Ans.(c): Given,
IP through LTE access network using IMS technology. It Simple interest = `1200
makes more efficient use of spectrum than traditional voice Rate = 8% Annually
Time = 4 year
and eliminates the need to have voice on one network and
Let Principle = `P
data on another. Principal × Rate × Time
11. Global warming can lead to/aggravate which of Simple interest =
100
the following natural disasters? P× B× 4
A. Draught 1200 =
100
B. Earthquake P = `3750
C. Flood According to question,
D. Storm Principal = 3750 × 3
Choose the correct answer from the options = `11250
given below: Rate = 6% Annually
(a) A, B, C only (b) A, C, D only Time = 3 years
11250 × 6 × 3
(c) B, C, D only (d) B, D only Hence, Simple Interest =
100
Ans.(b): Global warming is defined as a gradual
= `2025
increase in the Overall temperature of the earth's
14. On allowing two successive discounts of 20%
atmosphere. In this, the effects of Carbon dioxide, and 15% the selling price of an article becomes
Chlorofluorocarbons and methane gases are more. Rs. 3060. What is the marked price of the
Global warming has the following effects on global article?
climate. (a) 4000 (b) 4100
1. Draught (c) 4200 (d) 4500
2. Storm Ans.(d): Let the marked price of the article = `x
3. Flood According to question,
4. Increase in wind speed. x×
(100 − 15 ) × (100 − 20 ) = 3060
12. Teacher 'A' uses chalk and board and dictates 100 100
85 80
notes to students in classroom. Teacher 'B' uses x× × = 3060
Videoconferencing tool and LMS for providing 100 100
17 4
digital resources. Which modes of teaching are x × × = 3060
used by teacher A and teacher B? 20 5
(a) Both online 3060 × 25
x=
(b) Both offline 17
x = `4500
(c) Teacher – A: online: Teacher – B: offline
so the marked price of the article = `4500.
(d) Teacher – A: offline: Teacher – B: online
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15. In India, much of the Central Government Ans.(a): Let the three numbers are 3x, 5x, 7x
expenditure on general higher education is respectively.
routed through Since the sum of these numbers = 975
(a) National Council of Teacher Education ∴ 3x + 5x + 7x = 975
(b) All India Council for Technical Education 15x = 975
(c) University Grants Commission x = 65
(d) National Council for Educational Research therefore, the three numbers
and Training 3x = 3 × 65 = 195
5x = 5 × 65 = 325
Ans.(c): The Central Government's expenditure on
7x = 7 × 65 = 455
general higher education in India is done through the required numbers = 196, 325, 455
university Grants Commission. The University Grants 19. Given below are two statements: One is
Commission is an autonomous Organization established labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
by an Act of Parliament, which was established in the as Reason R.
year 1956. Apart from providing grants-in-Aid to Assertion (A): Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are
Universities and Colleges, it also advises the state potent greenhouse gases.
governments on the necessary measures for the Reason (R): CFCs have the ability to catalytically
development of higher education. destroy ozone in stratosphere.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
16. A major focus in quantitative research is on most appropriate answer from the options
(a) Historicity given below.
(b) Causality (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
(c) Social reflections correct explanation of (A)
(d) Creating an artificial environment (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
Ans.(b): In quantitative research, the main focus is on the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
causality. Quantitative research is the method
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
researchers use to test theories about people's attitudes
Ans.(b): Chlorfluorocarbons (CFCs) are made of chlorine,
and behavior based on numerical and statistical fluorine and carbon. its trade name is freon. This is a
evidence. Researchers sample large numbers of users potent greenhouse gas, as one molecule of it can absorb
through surveys) to obtain indirectly measurable, bias- 11000 times the heat of carbon dioxide. It is a potent ozone
free data about users in relevant situations. depleting chemical, capable of catalytically destroying
17. Miss Reena has been appointed by the Cyber ozone in the stratosphere.
Security Cell of Mumbai to break into the 20. In communication, a high order of inference
website of a terrorist organization to extract drawn from experience, direct or indirect is
responsible for
information. What among the following is a
(a) Generalisation
suitable description of Reena's profile? (b) Simplification
(a) Hactivist (c) Abstraction
(b) Ethical Hacker (d) Strong reaction
(c) Troller Ans.(c): In Communication, a higher order of inference
(d) Black hat hacker drawn from experience, direct or indirect is responsible
Ans.(b): In the context of the above question, Reena is for Abstraction. Abstraction is a process in which
an ethical hacker. An ethical hacker is also called a individuals are able to sort, out, select and see their
experiences through commonalities. It plays an
white hat hacker- Basically, ethical hackers use their
important role in communication.
knowledge to secure and improve the technology of
21. Given below are two statements:
important Organizations. Statement I : Communication and socialisation
18. There are three numbers in the ratio of 3:5:7 are two non-convergent dimensions of any
and the sum of these numbers is 975. Find the modern society.
three numbers. Statement II : Communication enables the
(a) 195, 325, 455 (b) 325, 195, 455 promotion of values that facilitate the process of
(c) 195, 310, 470 (d) 205, 315, 455 enculturisation of people in a society.

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In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
Ans.(d): Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Communication and socialization is a person's
awareness and ability to understand the intentions of Adding all = 29 + .625
others and to express their own intentions meaningfully = (29.625)10
Therefore statement II is true.
and appropriately by interacting with others in their
24. What is the concept of International Net
environment. Therefore, communication and
Neutrality?
socialization are not two non- convergent dimensions of (a) Imposed limitations for end-to-end Internet
any modern society. access
Hence the statement (I) is wrong communication is (b) Broadband service providers can show
needed because it is impossible to get information about preference to content
many events, knowledge, different subjects of the (c) Unimpeded end-to-end Internet access and
usage
world.
(d) All content that flows throughout the Internet
22. Which University in India was first to throw all should not be treated equally
University examinations open to girls? Ans.(c): Net neutrality is the concept of a uniform
(a) Punjab University internet for all irrespective of the application or
(b) Calcutta University platform used. Net neutrality is the principle that
Internet service providers (ISPs) must treat all internet
(c) Savitribhai Phule University communications equally, offering users and online
(d) Bombay University content providers consistent rates irrespective of
Ans.(d): It was in 1877 that Calcutta University first content, websites, platform, application, type of
equipment, source address, destination address, or
opened the doors for girls students and Bombay
method of communication. so it is unimpeded end to
University followed suit in 1883. Thus the gates of end Internet access and usage.
higher education were thrown open for women. In 1883, 25. Given below are two statements:
Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Basu of Calcutta Statement I: All potential pollutants are synthetic
University became the first women graduates in India. chemicals.
23. Given below are two statements: Statement II: Many of the emerging contaminants
13 have been observed to bioaccumulate in wildlife and
Statement I: 8 megabytes = 2 gigabytes
humans.
Statement II: The decimal equivalent of the In the light of the above statements, choose the
binary number (111101.101)2 is (29.625)10. correct answer from the options given below:
In the light of the above statements, choose the (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
correct answer from the options given below: (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Ans.(d): Statement I is false and statement II is true. All
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false potential pollutants are not synthetic chemicals. The
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true spread of these pollutants consists of man-made
13
Ans.(d): Statement I–Given 8 megabyte = 2 gigabyte artificial causes and natural forms. Therefore not all are
viewed as a potential synthetic chemical pollutant.
But we know that, Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or
–03
8 megabyte = 7.8 e some other undesirable elements that spoils, corrupts,
therefore statement-I is wrong. infects, makes unfit, or makes inferior a material, physical
Statement-II body natural environment etc. Currently many of the
emerging contaminants have been observed to
(11101.101)2 = (29.625)10 bioaccumulation in wildlife and humans.

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26. Given below are two statements: In the light of the above statements, choose the
Statement I : In India increasing access to higher correct answer from the options given below:
education has been constrained by low completion (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
rates at secondary education stage.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Statement II : By 2030, all multidisciplinary
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
higher education institutions will be closed down.
In the light of the above statements, choose the (d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
correct answer from the options given below: Ans.(a): Both statement I and II and true. Inference is
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true the second praman of Nyay Dashan. Inference occupies
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false a central place in the Hindu school of logic. It is
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
necessary to have three terms in the structure of an
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
estimate.
Ans.(c): In India increasing access to higher education
1. Paksha
has been constrained by low completion rates at
secondary education state. This statement is true. 2. Hetu
According to the draft guidelines released by the 3. Sadhya
University Grants Commission, India will establish a There should be at least three sentences for Inference.
large multidisciplinary higher education institution near In svartha Anuman use do not require a formal
every district by 2030. Hence statement I is true and statement of the different member of inference,
statement II is false.
according to Nyaya view of Inference. Svartha
27. When it comes to knowledge-sharing, the
Anumana is a psychological process.
important aspects of communication are:
A. The supply side 29. A systematic review of literature adopts
B. The demand side (a) Explicit procedures
C. The policy currents (b) Implicit procedures
D. The push and pull of policy makers (c) Personal-choice procedures
E. The choice of filters (d) Peer-suggested procedures
Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans.(a): A systematic review of the literature attempts to
given below:
(a) A, B, C only (b) B, C, D only identify, evaluate and summarize all empirical evidence.
(c) C, D, E only (d) A, D, E only Explicit procedures are adopted in this review.
Ans.(a): Communication is the act of giving, receiving 30. Which of the following are types of error in
and sharing information- In other words, talking or survey research?
writing and listening or reading. Only through A. Sample error
communication people can share their words and
B. Source error
through communication people can share their words
C. Observational error
and thoughts expressions with each other.
Communication is the backbone of education. D. Data collection error
According to E.G. Mayer, "Communication means E. Data processing error
making one person's ideas and powers known to other." Choose the correct answer from the options
when knowledge is shared through communication, given below:
there are three important aspects to communication- (a) A, B, C only (b) B, C, D only
1. Supply side
(c) B, D, E only (d) A, D, E only
2. Demand side
3. Policy currents Ans.(d): Survey error refers to mistakes made in the
28. Given below are two statements: construction and implementation of the survey
Statement I: In svartha Anumana (inference for instrument, as well as the interpretation of results.
oneself) we do not require a formal statement of Types of error in survey research are-
the different members of inference, according to A. Sample error
Nyaya view of inference. D. Data collection error
Statement II: Svartha Anumana is a psychological
E. Data processing error
process.

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31. For which of the following forms of categorical Choose the correct answer from the options
propositions conversion is valid? given below:
A. Some S is P B. Some S is not P (a) A, B, C only (b) A, C, D only
C. No S is P D. All S is P (c) B, C, D only (d) A, D, E only
Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(c): Such interviews are called structured
given below: interviews, In which the interviewer asks the subject
(a) A, B, C, D only (b) A, C and D only pre-determined questions in a certain sequence and the
(c) B, C and D only (d) A, B and D only answers given by the subject are recorded in a
Ans.(b): In logic, the categorical proposition is also standardized form. In this way by asking the same type
known as a categorical statement that asserts or denies of questions to all the interviewees in a certain
that all or some of the members of one category are sequence, the interviewer tries to reach a particular
included in another. conclusion. This type of interview is also known by
It is an important branch of deductive reasoning. other names like formal interview or patterned
The categorical proposition can be classified into four interview.
under two heads, based on their quality and quantity, This type of interview often-
and distribution of terms. 1. Introductory question should be related to the
research topic.
• Affirmative proposition (affirmo): A type and I type
2. Questions can be grouped, if the list of questions is
• Negative proposition (nego): E type and O type.
long
The following notes apply to standard form categorical
3. General questions should precede specific
syllogisms:
questions.
Major term (P) = Predicate of Conclusion
Minor term (S) = Subject of conclusion 33. If 'some men are vegetarians' is given as false,
Middle term (M) = Term that occurs in both premises. which of the following can be inferred to be
true from it
Categorical Statement Quantity Quality
A. All men are vegetarians
proposition
B. No men are vegetarians
A All A are Universal Affirmative
C. Some men are not vegetarians
B
D. All non-vegetarians are men
E No A are Universal Negative
Choose the correct answer from the options
B
given below:
I Some A Particular Affirmative
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
are B
(c) B and C only (d) C only
O Some A Particular Negative
Ans.(c): Inference is that process of intelligence, in
are not B
which knowledge of some other unseen object is
There should be three and Only three terms in any
obtained on the basis of knowledge of reason or gender,
valid absolute sentence and each term should be used
because we already have knowledge of the universal
in the same sense in the whole argument.
relation between that unseen object and reason. There
As given in option (A), (C) and (D). should be at least three sentence for inference. These
32. Which of the following are useful tips in three sentences occur when inference is made for
preparing questions for a structured interview? oneself. When inference are required in the inference.
A. Introductory questions should be related to If "some are vegetarians" is falsely stated, then its true
pleasantries inference can be inferred from (B) No men are
B. Introductory questions should be related to the vegetarians and (C) some men are not vegetarians.
research topic 34. Depending on the intention which of the
C. Questions can be grouped, if the list of following logical informal fallacies may be
questions is long involved in the following argument – 'I am
D. General questions should precede specific shocked to hear you preaching atheism. Does
questions your father know you believe that?'
E. Repeat the personal questions again and again A. Appeal to authority
B. Appeal to emotion
to test the truthfulness of the responses of the
C. Appeal to majority
interviewee
D. Appeal to force
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Choose the correct answer from the options 36. In which of the following methods of teaching,
given below: the student has to find out the answer to
(a) A and D only (b) A and B only his/her own problem by unaided efforts?
(c) B and D only (d) B and C only (a) Case study method
(b) Heuristic method
Ans.(a): Only A and D.
(c) Flipped classroom method
In philosophy, logic is such a series of statement, by
(d) Demonstration method
which a person or a community is persuaded about
Ans.(b): Heuristic method is a pure discovery method
something An informal fallacy occur because of an of learning science independent of teacher.
error in reasoning. Unlike formal fallacies which are • This method was advocated by Professor H.E.
identified through examining the structure of the Armstrong (1888-1928).
argument, informal fallacies are identified through • The word Heuristic is derived from the Greek word
analysis of the content of the premises. In the above 'Heurisca' which means 'to find out'. It is also
sense Appeal to authority and Appeal to force may be known as the 'Inquiry Method'.
involved as logical informal fallacies. • The main aim of teaching by this method is not to
Appeal to Authority is common type of fallacy, or an provide many facts about Science, Mathematics,
argument based on unsound logic. Grammar etc but to teach how knowledge of these
Appeal to force fallacy is argumentation using force or can be obtained.
the threal of force to convince others to accept an In this method, the student has to find out the answer to
argument's conclusion. his/her own problem by unaided efforts. Thus, the child
becomes a discover of knowledge by developing a spirit
35. Which of the following statements are correct? of inquiry.
Principal components of a CPU in a computer
37. Given below are two statements:
include: Statement I : Aristotelian syllogism is essentially
A. The Solid State Drive (SSD) that stores data verbalistic.
persistently, typically using flash memory. Statement II : Nyaya system recognizes the fact
B. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that that the verbal form is the essence of inference.
performs arithmetic and logic operations. In the light of the above statements, choose the
C. Processor registers that supply operands to the correct answer from the options given below:
ALU and stores the results of ALU operation. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
D. The Control Unit (CU) that orchestrates the (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
fetching (from memory), decoding and (c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
execution of instructions
Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(c): Nyaya is the most important part of Aristotle's
logic. It is a type of intermediate conclusion, in which
given below:
the result is obtained from two premises. Aristotelian
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
syllogism is essentially verbalistic but do not verbally
(c) B and C only (d) A and D only contain the essence of the inference. Hence in the above
Ans.(b): The central processing Unit (CPU) is the question, statement I is correct but statement II is
primary component of a computer that acts as its wrong.
"Control center". CPU is considered as the brain of the 38. Given below are two statements: One is
computer. CPU performs all types of data processing labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
operations. as Reason R
1. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)- It is a digital circuit Assertion (A): Communication has the power to
used to perform arithmetic and logic operations. persuade, inform and disinform.
2. Control Unit (CU)- A control unit, or CU is Reason (R): The process of propaganda makes
the line of distinction transparent between its
circuitry with in a computer's processor that directs
elements for being persuasive.
operations. It instructs the memory, logic unit and
In the light of the above statements, choose the
both output and input devices of the computer on
correct answer from the options given below:
how to responds to the program's instructions. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
3. Registers- Register are memory storage often correct explanation of (A)
named as immediate memory and they assist ALU (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
and CU in different operations. the correct explanation of (A)
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(c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct Choose the most appropriate answer from the
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct options given below:
Ans.(c): Communication is the act of giving, receiving (a) A, B, C, D only
and sharing information, In other words talking or (b) A, B, D, E only
(c) B, C, D, E only
writing and listening or reading. The English word
(d) A, C, D, E only
'Communication' is derived from the Latin Communis,
Ans.(a): The National Institutional Ranking Framework
which means common sense. The word Communication
(NIRF) was approved by the Ministry of Education in
means sharing the same ideas.
the year 2015. It is an effort of the Government of India
Communication has the power to persuade inform and to rank higher educational institution in the country. In
disinform. this, the best institutions are listed in a total of 11
There are different modes of communication available categories.
today. These include emails, chats, whatsapp, skype etc. The National Institutional Ranking Framework is based
The process of propaganda do not makes the line of on five parameters-
distinction transparent between its elements for being • (Teaching, Learning & Resources)
persuasive.
39. Given below are two statements:
• (Graduation Outcomes)

Statement I : Increasingly, photovoltaic panels • (outreach and Inclusivity)

are being used to supplement electrical energy • (Research & Professional Practice)
from the power grid.
Statement II : One issue with grid-connected • (Peer Perception)
photovoltaics is that PV cells produce Alternating 41. Typhoid fever, a water born disease is caused by
Current (AC) whereas powergrids use Direct (a) Virus (b) Bacteria
Current (DC) (c) Protozoan (d) Helminth
In the light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(b): Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused
by the bacterium Salmonella typhoid that is transmitted
correct answer from the options given below:
by food and water that has been contaminated with the
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
feces of chronic Carriers or acutely ill patients. Unlike
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
illness that is caused by other bacteria, the onset of TF
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
may be insidious, with fever, malaise, anorexia,
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true headache and myalgia.
Ans.(c): A power grid is a network for delivering 42. In the context of MOOCs in Higher Education
electricity to consumers, The power grid includes in India, which of the following are correct?
generator stations, transmission lines and towers, and A. They are learner : centric
individual consumer distribution lines. The use of B. They can be delivered only through SWAYAM
photovoltaic panels to supplement electrical energy portal/
from the power grid is increasing, as the use of C. They can benefit large number learners
photovoltaic energy is becoming more widespread. D. They can be accessed anytime, anywhere and
Grid- Connected photovoltaic devices generate direct any number of times
E. All MOOCs are for earning credit.
Current (DC) and power grids use alternating current
Choose the correct answer from the options
(AC).
given below:
Hence statement (I) is correct but statement II is wrong.
(a) A and D only (b) C and D only
40. Broad parameters adopted by National (c) A, B and E only (d) A, C and D only
Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) are Ans.(d): Massive open Online Courses (MOOCs) are
A. Teaching, learning and Resources web-based open distance education programs that ensure
B. Graduation outcomes participation of students from geographically remote
C. Outreach and inclusively areas in the field of education. The program is learner-
D. Peer perception centric and can be accessed any time, any place and any
E. Low Carbon footprint number of times.

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43. In which context, the true effects of mass media It is important to know the break that occurred
communication on mass audience can be in the conceptions and management of poverty
understood first with the emergence of capitalism in
(a) Economic (b) Social Europe, and later with the advent of
(c) Political (d) Spiritual
development in the Third world. The first
Ans.(b): The influence of mass media or 'The media
effect' affects many aspects of human life, which can break is described in terms of the advent in the
include voting a certain way, individual views and nineteenth century of systems for dealing with
beliefs, or skewing a person's knowledge of a specific the poor, based on assistance provided by
topic due to being provided false information. The impersonal institutions. Philanthropy occupied
overall influence of mass media has increased an important place in this transition. The
drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as transformation of the poor into the assisted had
the media itself develops. This is the Overall meaning a profound consequence. The modernisation of
of the social learning theory. poverty invariably affected vernacular
Bryant and Zillimann defined media effects as "The relations.
social, cultural and psychological impact of
communicating via the mass media. The Vernacular societies encountered economic
44. Find the next term in the following series: poverty with
1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 18, 10, 54, ? (a) Science and technology
(a) 162 (b) 13 (b) External aid
(c) 64 (d) 72
Ans.(b): The given series is as follows. (c) Modern ideas
(d) Use of resources sparingly
Ans.(d): The Vernacular societies encountered
economic poverty with use of resources sparingly.
47. Capitalistic development introduced the idea of
(a) Modernized poverty
(b) Impersonal institutions
Hence, ? = 13 (c) Third world
45. Which of the following is considered as the (d) Vernacular relations
highest scale in measurement?
(a) Nominal (b) Ordinal Ans.(a): Capitalistic development introduced the idea
(c) Interval (d) Ratio of Modernized poverty. The modernization of poverty
Ans.(d): The ratio level is the "highest level of invariably affected vernacular relations.
measurement. It has all the characteristics of the interval 48. The passage focuses on:
level but in addition, the O point and the ratio between
two numbers are both meaningful. Data recorded at the (a) The merits of market economy
ratio level of measurement are based on a scale with a (b) The need for philanthropy to reduce poverty
known unit of measurement and a meaningful (c) The ill-effects of capitalism/
interpretation of zero on the scale. (d) The issue of redefining poverty in the Third World
46. Read the following passage and answer Ans.(c): The focus point of this passage was the ill-
questions from questions 46 to 50: effects of capitalism.
The conceptions and treatment of poverty were 49. Before 1940, colonisers believed that poor
quite different before 1940. In colonial times
the concern with poverty was conditioned by countries
the belief that even if the natives could be (a) Can be changed
somewhat enlightened by the presence of the (b) Can be totally enlightened
coloniser, not much could be done about their (c) Cannot be changed
poverty. It was because their economic (d) Do not need their presence
development was pointless. The natives Ans.(c): Before 1940, colonisers believed that poor
capacity for science and technology, the basis countries can not be changed. In colonial times the
for economic progress was seen as nil. concern with poverty was conditioned by the belief that
However, within Asian, African and Latin or
Native American societies, vernacular societies even if the natives could be somewhat enlightened by
had developed ways of defining and treating the presence of the coloniser, not much could be done
poverty that accommodated visions of about their poverty.
community, frugality and sufficiency. It is true 50. The market economy was responsible for
that massive poverty in the modern sense (a) Increased access to resources
appeared only when the spread of market (b) Massive poverty
economy broke down the communities. As a (c) Enlightened development
result, it deprived millions of people from
access to land, water and other resources. With (d) Idealisation of tradition
the consolidation of market economy, Ans.(b): The market economy was responsible for
systematic issues became inevitable. massive poverty.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-II [Exam Date : 20 Sept, 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction (1-5): The following table shows the 2020 80 15 75 5 100 10
population (in lakhs) of the cities P, Q and R over ×100 ×100 ×100
65 70 90
the seven years from 2014 to 2020. Based on the data = 7.14
= 23.07 = 11.1%
in the table, answer the five questions that follow:
Year-wise Population of Cities Therefore in City Q for the year 2016-17 rise was highest
in the population as compoart to the previous year.
Year Population of City (in Lakhs)
2. What is the difference in the total population of
P Q R
City-R and the total population of City-Q for
2014 40 20 50 all seven years?
2015 45 30 40 (a) 130 Lakh (b) 80 Lakhs
2016 60 50 60 (c) 110 Lakhs (d) 85 Lakhs
2017 50 55 70 Ans.(a): Total population of city R
2018 70 60 80 = (50 +40 + 60 + 70 +80 +90 + 100) = 490 lakh
Total Population of city Q
2019 65 70 90
= (20 + 30 + 50 + 55+ 60 + 70 + 75) = 360 lakh
2020 80 75 100 Required difference = (490 – 360) = 130 lakh
1. For which city and in which year, the percent 3. What is the ratio of the total population of
rise in population from the previous year was City-P for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016
the highest? together to the total population of City-R for
(a) City-Q and year - 2016 the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 together?
(b) City-P and year - 2018 (a) 31 : 54 (b) 29 : 53
(c) City-R and year - 2016 (c) 27 : 53 (d) 29 : 54
(d) City-P and year - 2020 Ans.(d): Total population of city P for the year 2014,
Ans.(a): 2015 and 2016 together = (40 + 45 +60) = 145 lakh
Year Population of city (In Lakh) Total population of city R for the year for 2018, 2019
P Rise % Q Rise % R Rise % and 2020 together = (80 + 90 + 100) = 270 lakh
Required ratio = 145 : 270
2014 40 - 20 - 50 - = 29 : 54
2015 45 5 30 10 40 –10 4. What is the approximate average population of
×100= ×100 ×1
40 20 50 City-P for all the given years?
12.5 = 50 00 = – (a) 65 Lakhs (b) 59 Lakhs
20 (c) 52 Lakhs (d) 54 Lakhs
2016 60 15 50 20 60 20 Ans.(b): Approximate average population of city P in
×100 ×100 ×100
45 30 40 all year =
( 40 + 45 + 60 + 50 + 70 + 65 + 80 ) = 410
= 33.3 = 66.6 = 50 7 7
2017 50 –10 55 5 70 10 = 58.57142 ≅ 59 lakh
×100 ×100 ×100 5. What is the percentage rise in population of
60 50 70
= –16.66 City-R from the year 2016 to 2017?
= 10 = 16.66
(a) 8.34% (b) 10.00%
2018 70 20 60 5 80 10 (c) 16.67 % (d) 21.45%
×100 ×100 ×100
50 55 70 Ans.(c): Percentage rise in population of city R from
= 40 = 9.09 = 1.28 the year 2016 to 2017
2019 65 –5 70 10 90 10
=
70 – 60 10
×100 = ×100 = 16.666%
×100 ×100 ×100
70 60 80 60 60
= –7.14 = 16.66 = 12.5 The nearest answer of this question is 16.67%.

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6. Match List I with List II (c) A is correct but R is not correct
List-I List-II (d) A is not correct but R is correct
Ethical concepts in Characteristics Ans.(a): OER, or Open Educational Resources, are
research defined as "teaching, learning and research that reside in
A. Deontological I. What makes the public domain or have been released under and
people good intellectual property license that permits their free use
and repurposing by others". The basic philosophy
B. Teleological II. Application of behind OERs is to provide freely accessible openly
moral norms of licensed text and media to all that are useful for
society teaching and learning. Therefore assertion (A) and
C. Relativist Theory III. Balancing social Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct
norms explanation of Assertion (A).
D. Theory of Virtue IV. Rule based 9. Stable atmospheric conditions help in
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) Accumulation of the air pollutants
given below: (b) Dispersion of the air pollutants
(a) A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV (c) Dispersion of the water pollutants
(b) A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I (d) Neutralisation of air pollutants
(c) A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II Ans.(a): Atmospheric stability determines whether or
(d) A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I not air will rise and cause storms, sink and cause clear
Ans.(d): skies, or essentially do nothing. Stability is dependent
List I List II upon the dry and saturated adiabatic Lapse rates and the
Environmental Lapse Rate. Atmospheric stability helps
Ethical concepts in Characteristics
in Accumulation of air pollutants.
research
A. Deontological IV. Rule Based 10. According to Roland Barthes, the sequence of
B. Teleological III. Balancing social norms narrative codes is:
C. Relativist theory II. Application of moral A. Action
norms of society B. Symbolic
D. Theory of virtue I. What makes people C. Semantic
good D. Enigma
E. Referential
7. What is the average of all the prime numbers
Choose the correct answer from the options
between 30 and 50?
given below:
(a) 38.8 (b) 37.8
(c) 39.8 (d) 39.5 (a) B, C, D, E, A (b) C, D, A, E, B
(c) D, E, B, A, C (d) A, C, D, E, B
Ans.(c): Average of all prime numbers between 30 and 50
Ans.(d): According to Roland Barthes, the sequence of
31+ 37 + 41+ 43 + 47
= narrative codes is Action - Semantic - Enigma -
5 Referentially – Symbolic.
199
= 39.8 11. A software company requires '1 GB RAM
5 minimum and 2 GB RAM recommended' for
8. Given below are two statements, one is labelled its new Operating System (OS) software. The
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as likely outcome of attempting to install this OS
Reason R on a computer with 1 GB RAM would be that
Assertion A: Open Educational Resources (a) files will fail to save
(OERs) are available for free. (b) peripheral devices will fail to work
Reason R: The basic philosophy behind OERs (c) the OS will fail to install and therefore the
is to provide freely accessible, openly licensed computer will not run
text and media to all, that are useful for (d) the computer will not run at its optimum
teaching and learning. performance
In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options Ans.(d): A software company requires 1 GB RAM
given below minimum and 2 GB RAM recommended for its new
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct Operating System (OS) software. The likely outcomes
explanation of A of attempting to install this OS on a computer with 1
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the GB RAM would be that the computer will not run at its
correct explanation of A optimum performance.
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12. Which of the following is a type of Fallacy of 16. The acronym 'NHEQF' is for
Relevance? (a) National Higher Education Quality
(a) The Appeal to Force Framework
(b) National Higher Education Qualification
(b) The Argument from Ignorance
Framework
(c) Complex Question (c) National Higher Education Quantitative
(d) Fallacy of Composition Framework
Ans.(a): An Appeal to force is a fallacy, or faulty (d) National Higher Education Quality Forum
argument that is based on the threat of harm and is not Ans.(b): The acronym 'NHEQF' is for National Higher
relevant to the argument itself. The threat does not Education Qualification Framework. 'NHEQF' aims to
disprove or prove the truth of the statement. enhance the employability prospects of students after
completing their education. As per AICTE's official
13. When a research problem is related to declaration, the 'NHEQF' enables a student's lateral and
heterogeneous population, the most suitable vertical mobility within the pre assisting education system.
sampling method is: 17. Which of the following pairs of countries
(a) Cluster Sampling conceived the idea of the International Solar
(b) Stratified Sampling Alliance?
(c) Convenient Sampling (a) India and USA
(b) India and Australia
(d) Lottery Method
(c) India and France
Ans.(b): Stratified sampling is a method of sampling in (d) India and China
which the population can be sub divided in to further Ans.(c): India and France pairs are the of countries
subgroups or stratus. which conceived the idea of the International Solar
Alliance. It is an alliance of 121 signatories countries
most being sunshine countries, which lie either
completely or partly between the tropic of Cancer and
the tropic of Capricorn.
18. A television manufacturer earns 20% profit by
selling each T.V. set for Rs 14,400. If the
production cost is increased by 15%, what
should be the new selling price of a T.V. set so
as to gain a profit of 15%?
Stratified sampling is related to Heterogeneous population. (a) 15870 (b) 13800
(c) 12000 (d) 15000
14. The white paper on Indian Education was
Ans.(a): Profit % = 20%
announced a few days before the passing of the
SP = 14400
Indian Universities Act in:
100
(a) 1904 (b) 1914 CP = ×14400
(c) 1924 (d) 1944 100 + 20
100
Ans.(d): The white paper on Indian Education was = ×14400
announced a few days before the passing of the Indian 120
= 12000
Universities Act in 1944. It is also known as Sergeant
Now, CP = 115% of 12000
report of Indian Education. 115
15. Who among the following is accredited with the = ×12000
100
view that 'knowledge without character' is a = 13800
sin? Now SP = 115% of 13800
(a) Plato 115
= ×13800
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru 100
(c) Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan = 15870
(d) Mahatma Gandhi 19. Which of the following is/are true regarding
the relation between the middle and major
Ans.(d): Mahatma Gandhi is accredited with the view
terms according to Nyāya philosophy?
that knowledge without character is Sin Mahatma A. It has to be a necessary relation.
Gandhi considered knowledge without character as B. It can be either necessary or contingent
dangerous a little knowledge is, even more dangerous is relation.
much knowledge without a strong principled character. C. It can be causal relation.
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D. It can be species-genus relation. Anumana : Anumana means inference, which accepts
E. It can be member-class relation. the truth based on the observation and previous truths.
Choose the correct answer from the options Sabda : Gaining authentic knowledge from spoken and
given below:
written words.
(a) B, D and E only (b) B, C, D and E only
(c) A, C, D and E only (d) A, C and D only Upamāna : Learning by observing similarities.
Ans.(c): The true statement regarding the relation Arthapatti : By arthapatti Pramana, we understand the
between the middle and major terms according to knowledge which we get through the relation and its
Nyāya philosophy areas follows - implications. It includes supposition, beliefs and
A. It has to be a necessary relation. presumption. Through this pramana we discover a fact
C. It can be causal relation. as a result of a contradiction between tow facts already
D. It can be species genus relations.
known to be well established.
E. It can be member-class relation.
20. Which of the following phrases best describes Anupalabdhi : Anupalabdhi means non apprehension.
blended learning? Anupalabdhi is the immediate knowledge of the non
(a) It involves two teachers teaching the class existence of an object. Knowledge of non existence of a
(b) It involves online interactions only through thing can be based on direct or indirect knowledge.
LMS
23. In Classical Square of Opposition, if ' All S is
(c) It combines elements of face-to-face and
online P' is given as false, then which of the following
(d) It involves older students teaching younger could be immediately inferred from it?
students through a mentoring approach A. 'No S is P' is true
Ans.(c): The term blended learning is generally applied B. 'Some S is not P' is false
to the practice of using both online and in person C. 'Some S is not P' is true
learning experiences when teaching students. Blended
D. 'No S is P' is undetermined
learning carbines elements of face to face and online
and ICT tools for teaching learning. Blended learning is E. 'Some S is P' is undetermined
also called as hybrid learning or mixed mode learning. Choose the correct answer from the options
21. Find the wrong number in the series given given below:
below: (a) A, C and E only (b) C, D and E only
3, 8, 15, 24, 34, 48, 63,... (c) B, D and E only (d) A, B and E only
(a) 34 (b) 48
(c) 24 (d) 63 Ans.(b): In the classical square of opposition.
Ans.(a): Series 3, 8, 15, 24, 34, 48, 63 If all S is P is given as false.
3 = 22 – 1 Then, some S is not P is true.
8 =32 – 1 No S is P is undetermined.
15 = 42 – 1
24 = 52 – 1 Some S is P is undetermined.
34 ≠ 62 – 1 = 35 24. Eighteen years ago, a man was three times as
48 = 72 – 1 old as his son. Now, the man is twice as old as
63 = 82 – 1 his son. The sum of the present ages of the man
Therefore the number 34 is different in the above series. and his son is
22. The argument 'Anamika must be elsewhere, (a) 72 (b) 100
since she is known to be alive and not to be seen
at her house', is based on which of the following (c) 105 (d) 108
means of knowledge (Pramāṇa)? Ans.(d): Let the age of Son = x
(a) Postulation (Arthāpatti) Age of father = 3x
(b) Non-Cognition (Unupalabdhi) According to the question,
(c) Comparison (Upamāna)
(3x + 18) = 2(x + 18)
(d) Verbal Testimony (Śabda)
3x + 18 = 2x + 36
Ans.(a): Pramanas are proofs or means of knowledge. It
is theory of knowledge and encompasses valid and x = 18
reliable means of knowledge. The six Pramanas are - sum of their present ages
Pratyaksa : Pratyaksa means the perception of both = (3x + 18 + x + 18)
internal and external. It is acquired though sensory = (4x + 36)
organs and the mind.
= 108 years
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25. Given below are two statements, one is labelled Choose the correct answer from the options
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as given below:
Reason R
(a) A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II
Assertion A: MOOCs are learner-centric
courses. (b) A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III
Reason R: MOOCs can only be accessed by a (c) A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I
learner in the presence of his/her teacher. (d) A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV
In light of the above statements, choose the Ans.(b):
most appropriate answer from the options
List I List II
given below
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct Types of Communication Communication
explanation of A Analysis Factor
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the A. Control IV. . 'Who' aspect
correct explanation of A
B. Content I. 'What' aspect
(c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct C. Media II. 'Channel' aspect
Ans.(c): Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are D. Audience III. Reach aspect
free online course available for anyone to enroll 28. The contribution of energy efficiency
MOOCs provide an affordable and flexible way to learn enhancement measures could be significant in
new skill, advance your career and deliver quality the realisation of the following Sustainable
educational experiences at scale. Development Goals (SDGs):
With the emergence of MOOCs the educational world is
(a) SDGs 7, 11, 12, 13
becoming flat and classrooms can now be borderless.
As MOOCs is an open online course, so it is not (b) SDGs 7, 11, 12, 14, 15
necessary that it can be only accessed by a learner in the (c) SDGs 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
presence of his/her teacher. Moreover there is no need (d) SDGs 5, 12, 14, 17
of teacher. Therefore assertion (a) is correct and Reason Ans.(a): The contribution of energy efficiency
(R) is wrong. enhancement measures could be significant in the
26. Successful communication with students will realization of SDGs 7, 11, 12, 13.
promote which of the following factors?
A. Micro view of the world 29. One of the barriers to reception in communication
B. Social class struggle is:
C. Cognitive appreciation (a) Environmental stimulus
D. Personality development (b) Open mindedness
E. Cultural and aesthetic values (c) Message brevity
Choose the correct answer from the options (d) Language orderliness
given below
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only Ans.(a): One of the barriers to reception in communication
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, C and E only is Environmental stimulus. Some of the barriers to
Ans.(c): Successful communication with students will effective communication are semantic barriers,
promote cognitive appreciation, personality development psychological barriers, organisation barriers. actuarial
and cultural and aesthetic values. The way you behave barriers, physical barriers, physiological barriers and
with others reflects yours personality. Effective environmental barriers. Major environmental/physical
communication skill plays a crucial role in having one's barriers are time, place, space, climate and noise.
personality. Communication helps individuals to express 30. By which of the following means can a teacher
themselves in the most convincing way. establish a good rapport with his/her students?
27. Match List I with List II (a) Showing authority in class
List-I List-II (b) Impressing students by his/her knowledge and
Types of Communication skill
Communication Factor (c) Playing the role of a guide/facilitator with a
Analysis desire to
A. Control I. 'What' aspect (d) Becoming a friend to the students
B. Content I. 'Channel' aspect Ans.(c): Playing the role of a guide/facilitator with a
C. Media III. 'Reach' aspect desire to help them can a teacher establish a good
D. Audience IV. 'Who' aspect rapport with his/her students.

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31. For effective integration of ICT in teaching- 34. Which of the following should be taken into
learning, the following should be used for account while preparing a questionnaire
providing online content, assessments, and for A. The purpose of research
seamless virtual interaction of teachers with B. Brevity of questions
C. Avoidance of leading questions
learners. D. Questions that seek detailed information
(a) WhatsApp E. Preference for double-barrelled questions
(b) Content Management System Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) Learning Management System given below:
(d) Facebook (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, D and E only
Ans.(c): For effective integration of ICT in teaching- Ans.(a): Following points should be taken into account
learning, Learning Management System should be used while preparing a questionnaire -
for providing online content, assessments, and for A. The purpose of research.
seamless virtual interaction of teachers with learners. B. Brevity of questions.
The various types of LMS are as follows- C. Avoidance of leading questions.
1. SaaS LMS (Cloud - based) D. Define the target respondent.
2. Installed LMS (On - promise) E. Writing clear Questions.
F. Question Evaluation.
3. Open sources LMS
35. Which one of the following is not used for
4. Custom built LMS checking plagiarism?
5. Web based LMS (a) Turnitin (b) Latex
6. Integration Capable LMS (c) Ithenticate (d) Urkund
32. Given below are two statements, one is labelled Ans.(b): Turnitin, if Thenticate, Urkund are used for
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as checking plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of taking
someone else's work or ideas, claiming them as your
Reason R own and presenting them as if you had thought them up
Assertion A : Organisational communication yourself.
flows downwards, upwards and horizontally 36. Lifecycle assessment of a product is done
within its network of inter-dependent relations. keeping in mind mainly
Reason R : Organisational communication is (a) Manufacturing (b) Packaging
not necessary to achieve the organisation's (c) Disposal (d) Distribution
objectives. Ans.(c): Lifecycle assessment of a product is done
In light of the above statements, choose the keeping in mind mainly Disposal. Life cycle
assessment is defined as the systematic analysis of the
correct answer from the options given below potential environment impacts of product during their
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct entire life cycles.
explanation of A 37. Two boys A and B start at the same time to
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the ride from Delhi to Meerut, 60 km away. A
correct explanation of A travels 4 km an hour slower than B. When B
(c) A is true but R is false reaches Meerut, he immediately turns back,
(d) A is false but R is true meeting A, 12 km from Meerut. What is the
speed of A in km/hr?
Ans.(c): Organisational communication is a broad field (a) 12 (b) 8
that encompasses all forms of communication that (c) 6 (d) 10
allows organizations such as companies, government Ans.(b): Let the speed of B = x km/h
agencies and non profits to function, grow, connect with Speed of A = (x – 4) km/h
stakeholders and contribute to society downward, Distance travelled by B = 60 – 12 = 48 km
upward and horizontal within its network of inter Distance travelled by B = 60 + 12 = 72 km
dependent relations. It is very necessary for Time will be same in both causes
organisational communication to achieve the 48
T1 =
organisations objectives. Therefore Assertion (A) is x–4
correct and Reason (R) is wrong. 72
T2 =
33. The quantitative research is based on x
(a) Reductionism (b) Grounded theory 48 72
So, T1 = T2 ⇒ =
(c) Field notes (d) Expansionism x–4 x
Ans.(a): A quantitative research is based on 48x = 72x – 288
reductionism a reductionist thinking is the idea that a – 24x = – 288
certain field of study or even something more specific x = 12
can be broken down in to smaller parts that can thus be So, speed of A = x – 4
used to describe the idea as a whole again. A = 12 – 4 = 8 km/h
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38. Ancient literary work such as Banabhatta's Choose the correct answer from the options
Kadambari described good education as given below:
knowledge of how many arts (Kalaas)? (a) B, C and D only (b) B, C and E only
(a) 16 (b) 25 (c) A, B and C only (d) C, D and E only
(c) 32 (d) 64 Ans.(a): Optical Mark Reader (OMR), Graphic Tablet
Ans.(d): In Banabhatta's Kadambari, a good education and Light Pen are the Peripheral devices which are
has been described as having knowledge of 64 Kala or considered as only Input devices.
arts. Among these 64 kala, the following subjects are 42. You wish to save the changed version of a
included Arts, Vocational, Courses, Engineering, document that was originally located on a
Medicine, Asthmatic, Science and other subjects. standard CD-ROM. What is the best method to
39. Given below are two statements accomplish this?
Statement I: 'Spam' is an attempt to acquire (a) Read the document from the CD-ROM,
modify the document, then save it to the hard
sensitive information for malicious reasons, by
disk
masquerading as a trustworthy entity.
(b) Read the document from the CD-ROM,
Statement II: 'Phishing' is a type of unsolicited
modify the document, then save it back to the
bulk email of identical messages sent to CD-ROM
numerous recipients.
(c) Rename the document from the CD-ROM,
In light of the above statements, choose the read and modify the document, then save it to
correct answer from the options given below the hard drive
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (d) Copy the document from the CD-ROM to the
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false hard drive, read the document, modify it, and
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false save it back to the CDROM
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans.(a): You wish to save the changed version of a
Ans.(b): Statement I: 'Spam' is an attempt to acquire document that was originally located on a standard CD-
sensitive information for malicious reasons, by ROM. The best method to accomplish this is First of all,
masquerading as a trustworthy entity. This statement is false. Read the document from the CD-ROM, modify the
Statement II: Phishing is a type of social engineering document, then save it to the hard disk.
where an attacker sends a fraudulent message designed 43. Solar Water Still is a device used to
to trick a person into revealing sensitive information to (a) Desalinate ocean water
the attacker or to deploy malicious software on the (b) Heat the water
victim's infrastructure like ransomware. (c) Remove microbes from water
Therefore both statement I and statement II are false. (d) Streamline the flowing water
40. Identify the institution of National Importance Ans.(a): Solar Water Still is a device used to desalinate
among the following: Ocean Water. A solar still distills water with substances
(a) Banaras Hindu University dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate
(b) Aligarh Muslim University water so that it may be called and cooled thereby
purifying it.
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru University
(d) Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar 44. Regarding wearable technology, which of the
following tasks is/are accomplished by
Ans.(d): The Institution of National importance is a wearable devices
status that may be conferred on a premier public higher A. Providing more security compared to other
education institution in India by an act of Parliament of computing devices
India. It is an institution which serves as a pivotal player B. Sharing of a wearable device's Internet
in developing highly skilled personnel within the connection with other connected computers
specified region of the country/state. The Rasthrya
C. Assisting hearing impaired persons
Raksha University, Gandhinagar is a institution of
Choose the correct answer from the options
National Importance.
given below:
41. Which of the following peripheral devices are (a) A and B only (b) B only
considered as only input devices (c) B and C only (d) C only
A. Headphone Ans.(d): Wearable technology is any technology that is
B. Optical Mark Reader (OMR) designed to be used while worn. Common types of
C. Graphic Tablet wearable technology include smart watches and smart
D. Light Pen glasses this technology is helpful in assisting hearing
E. Projector impaired persons.

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45. a, b, c, d all have the attributes P and Q. conference previously that the objectives were
Therefore d probably has the attribute R. "seriously off track" even before the pandemic,
Which of the following is true regarding the according to a news site that covers the United
above argument. Nations. UN veterans say multilateralism-
A. It is a deductive argument. solving the problems together, a tenet of the
B. It is an inductive argument. organisation's charterincreasingly collides with
C. It is an analogical argument. principles in the same charter emphasising
D. It is a valid argument. national sovereignty and nonintervention in the
E. It is an invalid argument. country's internal affairs.
Choose the correct answer from the options 46. The response for the UN appeal for
given below: contribution to fight the corona pandemic
(a) B and C only (b) A and D only reflects its
(c) B and D only (d) B and E only (a) Positive image (b) Global reach
(c) Waning influence (d) Neutrality
Ans.(a): In the above question the right option is -
B. It is an inductive argument. Ans.(c): The response for the UN appeal for
C. It is an analogical argument. contribution to fight the corona pandemic reflects its
waning influence.
Read the following passage and answer the five
questions that follow. 47. What obstructs the United Nations from
The UN (United Nations) has lost its sheen in becoming a real global body?
recent times. One example is of its Secretary (a) The power of Security Council to deploy
General Guterres' entreaty for a global military force
ceasefire to help combat the Coronavirus has (b) Its limited power to impose economic sanctions
gone largely unheeded. His plea for (c) Considerable expansion as a huge organisation
contributions to a $10 billion emergency (d) The veto power of the permanent members of
coronavirus response plan to help the neediest the Security Council
had been met with commitments totaling just a Ans.(a): The Power of Security Council to deploy
quarter of the goal. That response barely military force obstructs the United Nations from
justifies the description 'tepid', said Mark becoming a real global body.
Lowcock, the top UN relief official. The United
48. The outcome of power conflicts inside the UN is
Nations, which has grown from 50 members 75
(a) Slow termination of wars
years ago to 193 members and a global staff of
44,000 was intended at its inception to provide (b) Tepid response to SDGs
a forum in which countries large and small (c) No positive contribution for human welfare
believed they had a meaningful voice. But its (d) Delayed aid to pandemic affected countries
basic structure gives little real power to the Ans.(b): The outcomes of Power Conflicts inside the
main body, the General Assembly, and the UN in Tepid response to SDGs.
most to the World War II victors- Britain, 49. The Security Council deadlocks are due to
China, France, Russia and the United States - (a) Lack of reforms in the UN power structure
with each wielding a veto on the 15-seat
(b) Internal differences among member nations
Security Council as permanent members. The
council is empowered to impose economic (c) The US stance against all others
sanctions and is the only entity permitted to (d) Global conflicts involving US, Russia and
deploy military force. No permanent member China
seems willing to alter the power structure. The Ans.(a): The security council deadlocks are due to lack
outcome is chronic Security Council deadlocks of reforms in the UN power structure.
on many issues, often pitting the United States 50. The UN's ambiguous stance on many global
against not only China and Russia but also issues is because of
against US allies. It is not only on questions of (a) Financial constraints
war and ceasefire where the United Nations is
(b) Rigid tenets in the UN charter
struggling for results. The Sustainable
(c) Multilateralism vs National Sovereignty
Development Goals, 17 UN objectives aimed at
eliminating inequities that include poverty, (d) Its seamless expansion
gender bias and illiteracy by 2030 are Ans.(c): The UN's ambiguous stance on many global
imperiled. An expert belonging to the Global issues is because of multilateralism V/s National
Policy Forum, a UN monitoring group, told a Sovereignty.

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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date: 12 July, 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: Based on the data in table, answer  32 
the five questions that follow:  Because total cars in state 'C' are – 1400 × 100 = 448
Consider the following table that shows the
3
percentage distribution of cars and ratio Number of diesel cars in state 'A' = × 196
between diesel and petrol engine cars in four 7
different States (A-D) = 84
Total number of cars in all the four States is  14 
1400.  Because total carsin state ' A 'are :1400 × 100 = 196
State-wise Distribution of Cars So, number of petrol engine cars in state 'C' is more
State Percentage Ratio than than number of diesel engine cars in state 'A'
Distribution Diesel Engine 168 − 84
of Cars Cars : Petrol = × 100
84
Engine Cars 84
A 14% 3:4 = × 100
84
B 28% 5:9 = 100%
C 32% 5:3
3. If 25% of diesel engine cars in State 'C' are
D 26% 1:1
Air-conditioned (AC), then what is the
What is the difference between the number of number of diesel engine cars which are non-
diesel engine cars in State 'B' and the number
AC in State 'C'?
of petrol engine cars in State 'D'?
(a) 150 (b) 90
(a) 24 (b) 42
(c) 190 (d) 210
(c) 56 (d) 68
Ans.(d): Total number of cars in state C.
Ans.(b): Total number of cars run by Diesel in state
5 32
'B' are = 392 × =140 1400× = 448
14 100
 28  Number of diesel engine cars in state 'C' are
 Because total number of cars in state ' B 'are : 1400 × 100 = 392  5
  = × 448 = 280
Total number of petrol engine cars in state 'D' are 8
1 Number of diesel engine cars which are AC in state 'C'
= 364 × = 182 25
2 are = 280× = 70
 26  100
Because total number of cars instate'D'are :1400× 100 = 364 Number of diesel engine cars which are non-AC in
state 'C' are
So, difference between the number of diesel engine
= (280-70)
cars in state 'B' and the number of petrol engine cars in
state are 'D' = 182 –140 = 42 = 210

2. Number of petrol engine cars in State 'C' is 4. What is the difference between the total
what percent more than the number of diesel number of cars in State 'C' and the number of
engine cars in State 'A'? petrol engine cars in State 'B'?
(a) 100% (b) 125% (a) 212 (b) 224
(c) 200% (d) 120% (c) 204 (d) 196
Ans.(a): Number of petrol engine cars in state 'C' Ans.(d): Total number of cars in state 'C' are
3 32
= × 448 = 1400 × = 448
8 100
= 168 Total number of cars in state 'B' are

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28 7. Match List-I with List-II
= 1400 × = 392 List-I List-II
100
Concept Main propoent
So, total number of petrol engine cars in state 'B' are A. Integral education I. John Dewey
9 B. Focus on spititual II. Sri Aurobindo
= × 392 = 252
14 aspects of Indian
Hence the difference between the total number of cars philosophy
in state 'C' and the number of petrol engine cars in C. Learning to take place III. Dr. Sarvepalli
state 'B' = 448 – 252 in nature and from
= 196 nature
5. What is the sum of petrol engine cars in all D. Experiential learning IV. Rabindranath
the states together? Tagore
(a) 710 (b) 712 Choose the correct answer from the options
(c) 714 (d) 716 given below:
A B C D
Ans.(c): Total number of cars in state 'A' are
(a) II IV III I
14 (b) I II III IV
= 1400 × = 196
100 (c) III II I IV
So, number of petrol engine cars in state 'A' (d) II III IV I
4 Ans.(d): Integral education is proposed by Sri
are = 196 × = 112
7 Aurobindo.
Total number of cars in state 'B' are ⇒ Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishanan is focused on
28 spiritual aspects of Indian philosophy.
= 1400 × = 392 ⇒ Rabindranath Tagore proposed the concept learning
100
So, number of petrol engine cars in state 'B' to take place in nature and from nature.
9 ⇒ John Dewey proposed concept of experimental
are = 392 × = 252 learning.
14 8. In order to identify individual differences of
Total number of cars in state 'C' are
learners in a class, which of the following can
32 be used by a teacher?
= 1400 × = 448
100 (a) Summative Assessments
So, number of petrol engine cars in state 'C' (b) Formative Assessments
3 (c) Diagnostic Assessments
are = 448 × = 168 (d) Peer Assessments
8
Total number of cars in state 'D' are Ans.(b): Formative assessment is used to identitfy
26 individual differences of students in a class for used by
= 1400 × = 364 the teacher. The success at learning depends on the
100 teahing-learning process in which evaluation. It is also
So, number of petrol engine cars in state 'D'
known as form due assessment. Study teaching is
1 included in this evaluation.
are = 364 × = 182
2 9. The e-content generated under e-PG
Hence sum of petrol engine cars in all the states Pathshala project for Non-Technical Post-
together are = (112+252+168+182)
Graduate courses is hosted on web by
= 714 (a) NPTEL (b) INFLIBNET
6. Which of the following types of learners learn (c) SWAYAM (d) IGNOU
with the help of flow charts or diagrams? Ans.(b): The e-content generated under e-PG
(a) Tactile (b) Visual Pathshala project for Non-technical post-Graduate
(c) Auditory (d) Rote courses in hosted on web by INFLIBNET.
Ans.(b): Visual learners prefer to take information ⇒ NPTEL is the national programme for technology
using charts, maps, graphs, diagrams, and more. Using enhanced learning is a joint imitative from ITTS and
images to explain concepts and ideas is the best way to IISC to offer online courses and certification in
reach a visual learner. various topics.
⇒ Auditory learning is a learning style in which a ⇒ Swayam is a programme initiated by government of
person learns through listening. India and designed to achieve the three cardinal
⇒ Tactile learning is a learning style in which learning principles of education policy viz:, access, equity and
takes place by the students carrying out physical quality.
activities, rather than listening to a lecture or watching ⇒The Indira Gandhi National Open University
demonstrations. (IGNOU), established by an act of parliament in 1985,
⇒ Rote learning is a memorization technique based on has continuously striven to build an inclusive
repetition knowledge society through inclusive education.

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10. Which of the following is NOT an affective Ans.(c): Following are disadvantages of qualitative
domain? research–
(a) Receiving (b) Analysing (ii) It is too subjective.
(c) Valuing (d) Organising (iii) It is difficult to generalise.
Ans.(b): Following are the levels of affective Doman (iv) It is issue of replication.
in Brief. 14. Which of the following factors influence the
⇒ Receiving– When a learner shows sensitivity to sample size for a project?
certain stimuli A. Type of project
B. Purpose of project
⇒ Responding – It is defined as the tendency to
C. Previous research in the area
respond to an object or stimuli
D. Researcher's peronality
⇒ Valuing – it refers to the acceptance of behaviour E. His/her standing as a researcher
and commitment to it One values certain Choose the correct answer from the options
behaviours not by desires but by commitment. given below:
⇒ Organizing – It refers to organizing the value (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
system which is attained when one develops one's (c) C, D and E only (d) A, C and E only
code of conduct or standard of public life. Ans.(a): Following factors influence the size for a
⇒ Characterizing– It deals with behavior as per project–
values or altitudes a child has imbided; children (i) Type of project
show team work. (ii) Purpose of project
Hence Analysing is not related to the affective domain (iii) Previous research in the area
of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. 15. Match List-I with List-II
11. When a variable leads to a spurious List-I List-II
interpretation of research results, it is called Research method Characteristic
(a) Control variable (b) External variable A. Content analysis I. Summarisation
(c) Conflicting variable (d) Confouding variable B. Social network analysis II. Use of bipolar
Ans.(d): When a variable leads to a spurious adjective
interpretation of research results it is called C. Semantic differential III. Focus on dyadic
confounding variable. relations
D. Meta analysis IV. Context Unit
⇒ Confounding variable are those that affect other
Choose the correct answer from the options
variables in a way that produces spurious or distorted
given below :
associations between two variables. A B C D
• Control variable : A control variable is any variable (a) II III IV I
that's held constant in a research study. (b) IV III II I
• External variables are factors that are not manipulated as (c) I II III IV
part of an experiment, but they may exert some influence (d) III IV I II
on the dependent variable under study. Ans. (b):
• Conflicting variables are factors that are to disagree List-I List-II
with or be different from somebody or something. Research method Characteristic
12. The 'Age' of a repondent is an example of A. Content analysis (iv) Context unit
(a) Parallel variable (b) Monadic variable B. Social network analysis (iii) Focus on dyadic
(c) Dyadic variable (d) Simple variable relations
Ans.(b): The age at respondent is an example of C. Semantic differential (ii) Use of bipolar
Monadic variable. It said to be a Monadic or one-place adjectives
predicate (variable). D. Meta analysis (i) Summarisation
13. Which of the following are diadvanates of 16. In a classroom, an effective listener
qualitative research? (a) Resists distractions
A. Too senstive to the context (b) Seeks diversations
B. Oepn to debate (c) Prefers message filtering
C. Too subjective (d) Judge the message delivery style
D. Difficult to generalise Ans.(a): In a classroom, an effective listener resists
E. Issue of replication distractions. Effective listening is actively absorbing
information given to you by a speaker, showing that
Choose the correct answer from the options
you are engaged and interested, and providing
given below: feedback to the speaker so they know the message was
(a) A, D and E only (b) B, C and D only received. Effective listeners show speakers that they
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, B and C only have been beard and understand.
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17. The two-way, face-to-face communication is (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
technically referred to as (c) A, B and E only (d) C, D and E only
(a) Level one (b) Level two Ans.(c): Following are the functions of media as
(c) Level three (d) Level four related to their audiences–
Ans.(b): The two-way, face-to-face (i) Compensation through identification.
Communication is technically referred to as Level two. (ii) Vicarious wish fulfillment.
Face-to-face communication is when two or more (iii) Sources of suggestion for appropriate role.
people interact and communicate while visible to one 21. Find the missing term in the series given as:
another. This might be a physical, in-person 4, 6, 12, 14, 28, 30 ?
consersation, or it could be in a virtual setting. Face- (a) 32 (b) 36
to-face communication is often more effective than
(c) 52 (d) 60
written or audio-only conversations.
Ans.(d): Given question can be solved as below
18. From the communiation perspective, which of
the following variable distinguish one culture
from another?
A. Learning skills
So, in place of ? '60' will come therefore, 60 is the
B. Time sense
correct answer.
C. Level of gratitude
D. Level of honesty 22. In a certain code, O is written as E, A as C, M
as I, S as O, N as P, E as M, I as A, P as N and
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: C as S, then how will COMPANION be
(a) A and B only (b) B and C only written in that code?
(c) C and D only (d) A and D only (a) SEINCPAEP (b) SENCIAPEP
(c) SENCPIAPE (d) SNEIPCAPE
Ans.(b): From the communication perspective, the
following variables distinguish one culture from Ans.(a): Given that–
another– 'O' is written as 'E'
(a) Time sense 'A' is written as 'C'
(b) Level of gratitude 'M' is written as 'I'
19. Given below are two statments: 'S' is written as 'O'
Statement-I: Small group communication 'N' is written as 'P'
fulfills the relationship needs. 'E' is written as 'M'
Statement-II: However, small group 'I' is written as 'A'
communication does not serve 'P' is written as 'N'
task-related needs. 'C' is written as 'S'
In light of the above statements, choose the Then COMPANION is surely written as SEINCPAEP.
correct answer from the opitons given below. 23. In a class of 43 students, Aashman's rank is
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true th
16 from the bottom. What is his rank from
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false the top?
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (a) 28 (b) 27
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (c) 26 (d) 29
Ans.(c): Communication is small groups consists of Ans.(a): With the help of following formula one can
three or more people who share a common goal and easily calculated rank of a person in row from upper.
communicate collectively to achieve it. Small group
Rank of a person from upper (top) or left end = (Total
communication fulfills the relationship needs and task
number of persons in row)
related needs. Therefore statement I is true and
– (Rank of that person from lower +1)
statement I is false.
So, Aashman's rank from the top
20. Which of the following are the functions of
= 43–16+1
media as related to their audiences?
= 44–16 = 28
A. Creation of passive longing for media
products 24. A pipe can fill a water tank three times as fast
B. Omnivorous devouring of media content as another pipe. If both are used together,
C. Compensation through identification these can fill the tank in 36 minutes. How
D. Vicarious wish fulfillment much time will be taken by the slower pipe
E. Sources of suggestion for appropriate role alone to fill the tank?
Choose the correct answer from the options (a) 192 minutes (b) 108 minutes
given below: (c) 144 minutes (d) 160 minutes
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Ans.(c): Consider the faster pipe A can fill the tank in Ans.(a): 'XYZ' Home finance offers best financial
X minutes then, slower pipe B will fill it in 3x product in the country because like a family member
minutes. and a good friend XYZ Home finance fulfills your
According to the question needs to have your own sweet home. here 'Ad
1 1 1 Populum' fallacies is committed in this argument.
= + =
x 3x 36 28. Given below are two statements:
4 1 Statement I: 'Some S is P' is contrary to 'Some
∴ = ⇒ X = 48 S is not P'.
3x 36
Statement II: Some S is not P' is contradictory
Hence slower pipe will take 3×48 = 144 minutes.
to 'All S is P'.
25. A retailer buys 40 pens at the marked price of
In light of the above statements, choose the
36 pens from a wholesaler. If he sells these correct answer from the options given below:
pens giving a discount of 1%, what is the
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
profit percentage?
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) 12 (b) 15
(c) Statement I is true of but Statement II is
(c) 20 (d) 10
false
Ans.(d): Let marked and sale price be Rs. 100. (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Then sale amount = 40×1000= 4000
Ans.(d): Some 'S' is 'P' is contrary to some 'S' is not 'P'
1
Discount allowed 4000× = 40 This statements false. While some 'S' is not 'P' is
100 contradictory to all 'S' is 'P'. This statement is true.
Sale amount after discount = 4000– 40 = 3960 29. Given below are two statements :-
Cost price at 40 pens which is equivalent at 36 pens Statement I: For the Indian thinkers, inference
= 3600 (anumana) means only a syllogistic inference
Profit = net sale amount – cost price = 3960 – 3600 based on the relation of invariable concomitance
= 360 between middle term and major term.
360 Statement II: There should be absence of the
Profit % = × 100 = 10%
3600 middle term wherever there is an absence of the
26. If the statement 'NO birds are mammals' is major term.
given as true, what could be immediately In light of the above statements, choose the
inferred from it? correct answer from the options given below:-
A. 'All birds as mammals' is false (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
B. 'Some birds are mammals' is false (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
C. 'Some birds are not mammals' is false (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
D. 'Some birds are not mammals' is true (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Choose the correct answer from the options Ans.(a): For the Indian thinkers inference (anumana)
given below: means only a syllogistic inference based on the
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, B and D only relation of invariable concomitance between middle
(c) A and D only (d) A and C only term and major term this statement is correct. In the
Ans.(b): If the statement 'No birds are mammals' is second statement there should be absence of the
given as true following statements could be middle term wherever there is an absence of the major
immediately inferred from it– term this statement is also correct.
A. 'All birds as mammals' is false 30. Given below are two statements:
B. Some birds are not mammals is false Statement I : According to Classical Indian
D. 'Some birds are not mammals' is true Logicians (Naiyayikas) the inference from the
Therefore option (b) is correct. effect of the cause is called Purvavat.
27. "XYZ Home Finance offers best financial Statement II: According to Naiyayikas the
product in the country because like a family inference of cause from the effect is not possible.
member and a good friend XYZ Home In light of the above statements, choose the
Finance fulfills your need to have your own correct answer from the options given below:
sweet home". Which of the following fallacies (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
is committed in this argument? (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(a) Ad Populum (b) Ad Hominem (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(c) Hasty Generalisation (d) Red Herring (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
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Ans. (c) : According to classical Indian Logicians Ans. (d) : Follow following steps when you are
(Naiyayikas) the inference from the effect of the cause is willing to install additional RAM into a computer–
called purvavat this statement is true. According to (i) Firstly isolate computer from the power supply
statement-II according to Naiyayikas the inference of cause (ii) Secondly connect anti-static strap to wrist
from the effect is not possible this statement is false. (iii) Lastly install RAM.
31. Given below are two statements, one is labeled 34. Given below are two statements:
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Statement I: SWAYAM initiative is a
Reason R.
significant step towards providing financial and
Assertion A: In computer networking, a
technical assistance to young start-up
MODEM is considered as both input and output
entrepreneurs.
device.
Reason R: MODEM sends data (upload/output) and Statement II: The tagline of Digilocker logo
receives data (download/input) at the same time. says "My Documents, Anytime, Anywhere".
In light of the above statements, choose the In light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below: correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
explanation of A (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are fals
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
correct explanation of A (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(c) A is true but R is false Ans.(b): Digital locker commonly known as
(d) A is false but R is true Digilocker is a digital document wallet that stores an
Ans.(a): Both Assertion (A) & Reason (R) are correct individual's documents and keep them safe. The
and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'. In computer tagline of Digilocker logo says Your documents,
networking, a MODEM is considered as both input Anytime, Anywhere, Swayam conducts on-line
and output device, because MODEM seconds data certification courses on a variety of subjects for which
(Upload/Output) and receives data (download/input) at exams are held every semester which exams are held
the same time. every semester in the computer based mode or in
32. Programs that come into a computer system hybrid mode, i.e., CBT mode and paper pen mode.
disguised as something else, are called. Hence both statement I and II are incorrect.
(a) Trojan horses (b) Viruses
35. Match List I with List II
(c) Web bugs (d) Zombies
List I List II
Ans.(a): A Trojan horse virus is a type of malware
that downloads onto a computer disguised as a Computer Definition
legitimate program. Term
• Viruses are the most commonly known form of A. Spyware I. Wireless technology used
malware and potentially the most destructive. for transmitting data over
• A web bug, also known as a web because, is a file short distances
object that is placed on a web page or in an e-mail B. Firewall II. Software that allows the
message to monitor user behaviour. user to gain information
• A Zombie is a mythological undead corporeal about another person's
revenant created through the reanimation of a computer activity
corpse. Zombies are most commonly found in C. Bluetooth III. An attack on a network
horror and fantasy. which involves flooding the
33. You have been instructed to install additional network with useless traffic
RAM into a computer by your teacher. D. Denial of IV. Hardware or software
Identify the correct order of the following service designed to protect a
steps A-C that you should follow to install the network by controlling what
RAM safely. data can and cannot enter
A. Install RAM
Choose the correct answer from the options
B. Isolate computer from the power supply
given below:
C. Connect anti-static strap to wrist
(a) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: (b) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(a) A, B, C (b) C, A, B (c) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(c) B, A, C (d) B, C, A (d) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
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Ans. (d) : (B) Human activities have sharply increased species
List I List II extinctions.
Computer Term Definition (D) About 70% of all known species are
A. Spyware II. Software that allows invertebrates.
the user to gain 39. Identify the major sources of methane
information about emissions:
another person's A. Landfills B. Mountain rivers
computer activity C. Paddy fields D. Wetlands
B. Firewall IV. Hardware or Choose the correct answer from the options
software designed to given below
protect a network by (a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only
controlling what data (c) A, B and D only (d) A, C and D only
can and cannot enter
Ans. (d) : Following are the major sources of methane
C. Bluetooth I. Wireless technology emissions:
used for transmitting
(i) Landfills (ii) Paddy fields (iii) Wetlands
data over short
distances ⇒ Mountain rivers are not source of methane
emissions.
D. Denial of service III. An attack on a
network which involves 40. Match List I with List II
flooding the network List I List II
with useless traffic Objectives/Provisions International
36. Which of the following air pollutants is known treaties/Agreements
to be a human carcinogen? A. Emissions Trading I. Paris Agreement
(a) Carbon monoxide (b) Asbestos fiber B. Sustainable II. Kyoto Protocol
(c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Sulphur dioxide Management of
Ans. (b) : Asbestos fibre is a air pollutants which is Resources
known to be a human carcinogen. C. Clean affordable III. International
Asbestos fibres are naturally occurring silicates that energy Solar Alliance
are commonly used in construction materials such as D. Intended Nationally IV. Rio Summit
cement and insulation and in many textiles. Determined
37. Which region of India experiences the Contributions
maximum number of cyclones? Choose the correct answer from the options
(a) East Coast (b) West Coast given below:
(c) Central India (d) Northern India (a) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Ans. (a) : Four states (Tamil nadu, Andhra Pradesh, (b) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on (c) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast (d) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
are more vulnerable to cyclone hazards. Ans. (b) :
38. Which of the following statements about List I List II
biodiversity are correct? Objectives/Provisions International
A. Biodiversity can support ecosystem stability. treaties/Agreements
B. Human activities have sharply increased A. Emissions Trading II. Kyoto Protocol
species extinctions.
B. Sustainable Management IV. Rio Summit
C. Habitat fragmentation has no adverse impact
of Resources
on biodiversity.
C. Clean affordable III. International
D. About 70% of all known species are
energy Solar Alliance
invertebrates.
D. Intended Nationally I. Paris
Choose the correct answer from the options
Determined Agreement
given below:
Contributions
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, B and D only
(c) B, C and D only (d) A, C and D only 41. Who is fully credited with the introduction of
English education system in India, officially
Ans. (b) : Following statements about biodiversity are through the necessary order issued by
correct. Bentinck, the Governor-General of India on
(A) Biodiversity can support ecosystem stability. 7th March 1835?
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(a) Zachary Macaulay (a) A, B, C and D only
(b) Thomas Babington Macaulay (b) B, C, D and E only
(c) Alexander Duff (c) A, B, C and E only
(d) Charles Trevelyan (d) A, B, D and E only
Ans. (b) : The English education act 1835 was the Ans.(c): As per NEP 2020, National educational
council of India's Statutory Act, which gave effect to a Technology forum (NETF) will have following
decision by Lord William Bentinck, then Governor– functions–
General of the British East India Company, in 1835, to (i) Provide independent evidence-based advice to
reallocate funds that the British Parliament needed to central and state government agencies in
spend on education and literature in India. technology- based interventions.
The English Education Act, although, was brought to (ii) Articulate new directions for research and
effect by Lord William Bentinck, was based upon the innovation.
advice and ideas of Thomas Babington Macaulay and (iii) Envision strategic thrust area in the educational
hence these two should not be confused with each other. technology domain.
42. Which University did Xuang Zang and I (iv) Build intellectual and institutional capacities in
Quing visit in India? educational technology.
(a) Nalanda University (v) To lay down standards of content, technology, and
(b) Takshashila University pedagogy for online/digital teaching-learning.
(c) Banaras Hindu University These standards will help to formulate guide lines
(d) Vikramshila University for e- learning by states, Boards, schools, HEI s, etc,
Ans. (a) : Xuang Zang and I Quing studied at Nalanda 45. The following are the main objectives of
University. These two Chinese scholars I-Quing and curriculum revision:
Xuang Zang visited Nalanda in the 7th century CE. A. To align it better with vision and mission of
Xuang Zang and I Quing studied Yogashastra in India. the institution
Apart from this they studied the vedas and were also B. To make it learning outcome based
trained in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, politics C. To make it more effective in improving
and the art of warfare: attainment levels against programme
43. NSSF, as envisaged by the National outcomes
Knowledge Commission, stands for D. To develop capacities of students for
(a) National Science and Social Science competitive examination
Foundation E. To meet the expectations of all stakeholders
(b) National Scientific and Social Science Choose the correct answer from the options
Foundation given below:
(c) National Scientists and Social Scientists (a) A, B, C and D only (b) A, B, C and E only
Foundation
(c) A, C, D and E only (d) B, C, D and E only
(d) National Space Science and Society Forum
Ans.(b): The following are the main objectives of
Ans. (a) : NSSF, as envisaged by the national curriculum revision–
knowledge commission stands for National Science
(i) To align it better with vision and mission of the
and Social Science Foundation.
institution
44. As per NEP 2020, National Educational (ii) To make it learning outcome based
Technology Forum (NETF) will have (iii) To make it more effective in improving attainment
following functions:
levels against programme outcomes
A. Provide independent evidence-based advice
(iv) To meet the expectations of all stakeholders.
to central and state government agencies in
technology-based interventions Note (Q. 46-50): Read the given passage carefully
B. Articulate new directions for research and and answer the five questions that follow:
innovation Many great inventions are initially greeted with
C. Envision strategic trust area in the ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the
educational technology domain airplane was no exception. Although many
D. Develop curriculum for technical courses people who heard about the first powered flight
E. Build intellectual and institutional capacities on December 17, 1903, were excited and
in educational technology impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter.
Choose the correct answer from the options The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to
given below: some people. Such people called Wilbur and
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Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying Ans.(c): The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to
machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville
however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine,
their desire to succeed, they continued their impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not
experiments in aviation. stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire (compelling
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a desire of the inventors) to succeed, they continued
compelling interest in aeronautics and their experiments in aviation.
mechanics. As young boys, they earned money
by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. 47. The major interest of Wright brothers was in
Later, they designed a newspaper-folding (a) Making kites
machine, built a printing press, and operated a (b) Producing mechanical toys
bicycle repair shop. In 1896, when they read (c) Designing newspaper-folding machines
about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brothers' (d) Methods to control airborne vehicles
interest in flight grew into a compulsion. Ans. (d) : Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang gliding, had
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had
controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the
controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the
desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright
desired direction. this idea was repellent to the
Wright brothers, however, and they searched for brothers, however, and they searched for more
more efficient methods to control the balance of efficient methods to control the balance of airborne
airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights vehicles.
tested numerous gliders and developed control 48. The Wright Brothers succeeded in
techniques. The brother's inability to obtain (a) Testing numerous gliders
enough lift power for the gliders almost led them (b) Proving previous air pressure tables wrong
to abandon their efforts.
(c) Setting up a wind tunnel
After further study, the Wright brothers
concluded that the published tables of air (d) Finding desired direction for gliders
pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. Ans.(b): Wright Brothers (Orville Wright and Wilbur
They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of Rout) there were two American brothers. Who is
experiments with model wings. Because of their considered the inventor of Hawaii Jahan. Those
efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and brothers had succeeded in proving wrong the previous
replaced by the first reliable figures for air air pressure tables by their test. He made the worlds
pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, most successful manned air Flight on 17 December,
made it possible for the brothers to design a 1903 in which an air filled aircraft was operated in a
machine that would fly. In 1903, the Wrights
controlled manner for a specified time.
built their first airplane, which cost less than
$1,000. They even designed and built their own 49. The Wright brothers were ultimately
source of propulsion-a lightweight gasoline successful in flying their plane when they built
engine. When they started the engine on their own
December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before (a) Air pressure system (b) Model wings
taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for (c) Gasoline engine (d) Curved surfaces
12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet.
Ans. (c) : In 1903, the Wrights brothers built their first
By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first
airplane, which cost less than $1,000. They even
airplane that could turn, circle, and remain
airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had designed and built their own source of propulsion - a
flown in balloons and hang gliders, but the light weight gasoline engine.
Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size 50. The passage points out that
machine that could fly under its own power. As (a) Determination to succeed pays dividends
the contributors of one of the most outstanding (b) People are always skeptical of inventors
engineering achievement in history, the Wright (c) The due credit to gliders has not been given
brothers are accurately called the fathers of
(d) Small efforts in different sectors lead to a
aviation.
major invention in one sector
46. Which of the following was responsible for the
invention of the first flying machine? Ans. (a) : This passage points out that determination
(a) People's support to succeed pays dividents in terms of famous
(b) Negative reactions of the people philosopher "we all have dreams. But in order to make
(c) Compelling desire of the inventors dreams come into reality, it takes an awful
(d) Previous experiments in aviation determination, dedication, self-discipline, and effort.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper : Shift-I [Exam Date: 12 July, 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Based on the data in the table, answer the five
Ans.(b):
questions that follow.
The following table presents the percentage (%) Candidates Enrolled Enrolled Passed Passed Required
distribution of candidates who were enrolled for → (%) Number (%) Number %
Ph.D. entrance exam and the candidates who Institute ↓ (out of (out of
passed the exam from seven different Institutes 17100) 11400)
(A-G). Total number of candidates enrolled were A 16% 16 ×17100 12% 12×11400 1368
17100 and candidates who passed the exam were ×100
100 100 2736
11400. = 2736 = 1368 = 50%
Institute-wise Percentage (%) Distribution of B 22% 22×17100 18% 18 × 11400 2052
Candidates. 100 100 ×100
3762
Candidates Enrolled (%) Passed (%) = 3762 = 2052 = 54.5%
Institute (out of 17100) (Out of 11400) C 15% 15×17100 17% 17 × 11400 1938
×100
100 100 2565
A 16% 12%
= 2565 = 1938 = 75.5%
B 22% 18% 13 × 11400
D 10% 10 ×17100 13% 1482
C 15% 17% 100 ×100
100 1710
= 1482
D 10% 13% = 1710 = 86.67%
E 17% 16% E 17% 17 ×17100 16% 16 × 11400 1824
100 100 ×100
F 8% 9% 2907
= 2907 = 1824 = 62.7%
G 12% 15%
F 8% 8×17100 9% 9 × 11400 1026
1. What percentage of candidates passed the ×100
100 100 1368
exam from Institute F, out of the total number = 1368 = 1026 = 75%
of candidates enrolled in F?
G 12% 12 ×17100 15% 15 × 11400 1710
(a) 50% (b) 62.5% 100 100
×100
2052
(c) 75% (d) 80% = 2052 = 1710 = 83.3%
Ans.(c): Therefore, Institute D has the highest % of candidates
Candidates Enrolled Number of Passed Number who passed the exam in comparison to the candidates
→ (%) Enrolled (%) of enrolled. The % of Institute D is 86.67%.
Institute ↓ (out of candidates (Out of Passed
3. The number of candidates who passed the
17100) 11400) candida
tes exam from E and B together exceeds the
number of candidates enrolled from F and D
F 8% 8 9% 11400× 9
17100 × together by.
100 100 (a) 456 (b) 558
= 1368 = 1026 (c) 798 (d) 814
Number of passed candidates Ans.(c): Number of candidates who passed the exam
∴ Required % = ×100
Number of enrolled candidates 16 ×11400 18×11400
from E and B together = +
1026 100 100
= ×100 = 75%
1368 = 1824 + 2052 = 3876
Therefore, 75% candidate passed the exam from Institute F, Number of candidates enrolled from F and D together
out of the total number of candidates enrolled in F. 8×17100 10 ×17100
= +
2. Which Institute has the highest percentage of 100 100
candidates who passed the exam in comparison = 1368 + 1710 = 3078
to the candidates enrolled? Required Difference = 3876 – 3078
(a) C (b) D = 798
(c) G (d) F Therefore, the required difference is 798.
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4. What is the percentage of candidates who have (c) Creating institutional websites
passed the exam from C and D together in (d) Creating virtual student-teacher groups
comparison to the total number of candidates
enrolled in the same two Institutes? Ans.(d): A Learning Management System (LMS) is an
(a) 68% (b) 80% online integrated software used for creating, delivering,
(c) 74% (d) 65% tracking and reporting and reporting educational courses
Ans.(b): Number of candidates who have passed the and outcomes. Some popular LMSes used by
17 ×11400 13×11400 educational institutions include Moodle, Blackboard
exam from C and D together = +
100 100 Learn and Schoology. There are used by K-12 schools,
= 1938 + 1482 higher educational institutions, school districts etc. LMS
= 3420 software benefits administrators, teachers and students
Number of candidates who have enrolled in the exam teachers can access and upload course material such as
from C and D together
calendars syllabi, assignments, and grades. They are
15 ×17100 10 ×17100
= + also creating virtual student-teacher groups.
100 100
= 2565 + 1710 8. Given below are two statements one is labelled
= 4275 as Assertion A and the other is laballed as
Reason R.
3420
Required percentage = ×100 = 4275 Reason R: Intelligence Quotient indicates the
4275 rate of mental growth of a child.
= 80%
5. What is the ratio of candidates who passed In light of the above statements choose the
from Institute B to the candidates enrolled in correct answer from the options given below.
the same Institute? (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(a) 9 : 11 (b) 14 : 11 explanation of A
(c) 6 : 11 (d) 9 : 17 (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
Ans. (c) : The number of candidates who passed from correct explanation of A
Institute B
(C) A is true but R is false
18×11400
= = 2052 (D) A is false but R is true
100
The number of candidates who enrolled from Institute B Ans.(d): Emotional Intelligence is the capacity to blend
22 ×17100 thinking and feeling to make optimal decisions. It’s
= = 3762 being smarter with feelings. Emotional Intelligence is
100
Hence the required ratio = 2052 : 3762 key to having a successful relationship with yourself
= 6 : 11 and others. EQ has been found to be twice as predictive
6. Given below are two statements, one is labelled of performance as IQ. EQ and IQ both work together.
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Therefore Assertion (A) is false whereas the Reason (R)
Reason R. is correct.
st
Assertion A : The purpose of 21 century
Higher Education is to promote critical and 9. Which of the following is an offline method of
creative thinking abilities among students. teaching?
Reason R: Critical and creative thinking help (a) SWAYAM
students in placements. (b) MOOCS
In light of the above statements choose the
correct answer from the options given below. (c) Reflective
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (d) SWAYAMPRABHA
explanation of A. Ans.(c): SWAYAM : It is a programme initiated by
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the Government of India and designed to achieve the three
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false. cardinal principles of education policy viz., access,
(d) A is false but R is true. equity and quality. It is an acronym that stands for study
Ans. (b) : Creativity has been regarded as one of the webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring minds. It
st is an online teaching learning programe.
crucial skills in the toolkit of the 21 century learner
and indeed key to effective learning in higher education MOOCS– Massive Open Online Courses are free
and beyond. Livingston (2010) reported that creativity Online Courses available for anyone to enroll.
is an essential skill for students to harvest in higher
education. Critical and creative thinking help students, SWAYAMPRABHA: It is a group of 22 DTH channels
skills, cultural opportunity and careeer placements. devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational
Therefore the Assertion and Reason are true but Reason programmes on 24×7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite.
is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Reflective: The interceptive level of teaching is also
7. Leaning Management Systems (LMS) is a known as the reflective level. This is the most advanced
software application used for. level of the offline teaching-learning method.
(a) Marketing of offline courses
(b) Admission of students Therefore reflective is an offline method of teaching.

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10. Which of the following methods of teaching- 14. Given below are two statements.
learning is Teacher Centric? Statement I : The research questions should be
(a) Chalk and Talk linked to each other.
(b) Case-studies discussion Statement II : The research questions should be
(c) Activity based either broad or narrow.
(d) Field work In light of the above statements choose the
Ans.(a): Chalk and Talk-Teacher Centric correct answer from the options given below.
Case-studies discussion-child centered/reflective level (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
of teaching/group work. (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Activity Based – Student Centered/Self Reflection. (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Field Based – Experienced based learning child centric (d) Statement is false but Statement II is true
method. Ans.(c): Research question: ‘‘A question that a research
11. Subliminal priming as a research concept was project sets out to answer.’’ This question often
first used in the discpline of. addresses an issue or a problem, which, through
(a) Sociology (b) Political Science analysis and interpretation of data is answered in the
study’s conclusion. The research question are that it be
(c) Economics (d) Social Psychology feasible, intresting novel, ethical and relevent.
Ans.(d): Subliminal priming occurs when an individual (Mnemonic-FINER). Therefore only statement I is true.
is exposed to stimuli below the threshold of perception.
15. Match List-I with List-II
This process occurs outside the realm of consciousness
and is different from memory which relies on direct List-I List-II
retrieval of information, subliminal priming is Type of analysis Description
established based on a primed stimuli that is below the A. Path analysis I.Looks at argumentation
threshold of conscious detection. This research concept systematically
was first used in the discipline of social psychology. B. Content analysis II. Simultaneous analysis
12. Retrospective studies are related to. of two sets of variables
(a) Social issues C. Canonical correlational III. Represented by
(b) Language development analysis structured linear
(c) Political events regression equations
(d) Biographical research D. Discourse analysis IV. Uses the method of
Ans. (d) : Retrospective studies are related to biological unitisation
research. It is also called historic cohort study. It is a Choose the correct answer from the options
longitudinal cohart study used in medical and given below.
psychological research. A cohart of individual that (a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
shares a common exposure factor is compared with (b) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to (c) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
that factor, to determine the factor’s influence on the (d) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
incidence of condition such as disease or death.
Ans.(c):
13. Which of the following statements are true?
List-I List-II
A. An ideal sample is always possible
B. Time and budget constraints do not hinder Type of analysis Description
the selection of an ideal sample A. Path analysis III. Represented by sttuctured
C. Sampling inadequacies can be managed linear regression equations
D. A large sample can meet the inadequacies B. Content analysis IV. Uses the method of
E. A representative sample is beneficial unitisation
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below. C. Canonical II. Simultaneously analysis of
(a) A, B and C only (b) B, C and D only correlational two sets of variables
(c) C, D and E only (d) A, D and E only analysis
Ans. (c) : A sample refers to a smaller, manageable D. Discourse analysis I.Looks at argumentation
version of a larger group. It is a subset containing the systematically
characteristics of a larger population. Sampling
inadequencies can be managed. A large sample can
meet the inadequencies. A representative sample is 16. In any modern society, communication has.
beneficial. The primary goal of sampling is to create a (a) Power value
representative sample one in which the smaller group (b) Transient value
accurately represents the characteristics of the larger (c) Uncommon value
group. (d) Non-critical value
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Ans.(a): In any modern society, communication has
power value. Effective communication is the process of
exchanging ideas, thoughts, opinions knowledge and
data so that the message is received and understood
with clarity and purpose. When we communicate
effectively both the sender and receiver feel satisfied. Therefore communication can facilitate truth and also
17. A personal dimension of communication is. be used to obscure truth.
(a) Source of noise 20. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
(b) Field of experience Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
(c) Institutional affiliation Assertion A : The sign systems of communication
(d) Location of reception have fixed rules and production procedures.
Ans.(b): A personal dimension of communication is Reason R : The sign systems are invented for
field of experience. It is significant in communication
cross-cultural communication.
because it encompasses all of the information that a
sender and receiver are taking into account when trying In light of the above statements, choose the
to understand one another. This includes every thing correct answer from the options given below.
from the words used to the body language and facial (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
expressions that are being displayed. explanation of A
18. Human communication involves the skills of. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
A. Not being visible correct explanation of A
B. Self-presentation (c) A is true but R is false
C. Group interaction (d) A is false but R is true
D. Forging relations Ans.(d): A sign system is a key concept in semiotics
E. Using high brow language and is used to refer to any system of signs and relations
Choose the correct answer from the options between sign. The term language is frequently used as a
given below. synonym for a sign-system. However, the term sign-
(a) A, B and C only (b) A, C and E only system is considered preferable to the term language for
(c) B, C and D only (d) C, D and E only a number of reasons. An example of sign is a thumbs up
Ans. (c) : Human communication involves the skills of for good job. An example of sign is a advertisement for
self-presentation, group interaction, forging relations. a sale. It is invented for cross-cultural communication.
Human Communication or anthroposemiotics is a field In the sign systems of communication have flexible
of study dedicated to understanding how human rules and production procedures. Therefore Statement II
communicate. Humans ability to communicate with one
is correct.
another would not be possible without an understanding
of what we are referencing or thinking about. 21. Find the missing number in the below given
19. Given below are two statements. sequence.
Statement I : Communication can facilitate 4, 9, 20, 43, 90,?
truth. (a) 180 (b) 185
Statement II : Communication can also be used (c) 133 (d) 190
to obscure truth. Ans.(b): Method-I
In light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans.(a): Communication is fundamental to the
existence and survival of humans as well as to an Method-II
organisation. It is a process of creating and sharing
4×2+1=9
ideas, information, views facts, feelings from one place,
person or group to another. Communication is the key 9 × 2 + 2 = 20
to the directing function of management. 20 × 2 + 3 = 43
Eight essential components of communication. 43 × 2 + 4 = 90
(i) Source, (ii) Message, (iii) Channel, (iv) Receiver, (v) 90 × 2 + 5 = 185
Feedback, (vi) Environment, (vii) Context. Therefore option (b) is correct answer.
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22. A person is given 10 rupees for shooting at a Ans.(d): 3 Inter related Numbers (6, 10, 16)
target and if he misses, then he has to give 10
rupees. If he gets 300 rupees for 100 chances,
then how many chances did he miss?
(a) 35 (b) 45
From options–
(c) 55 (d) 25
(a)
Ans.(a): Number of times the man hits the target = x
Number of times he missed the traget = 100 – x
According to the question
[{10 × x + (100 – x) × (–10)}] = 300 (b)
20x – 1000 = 300
1000 + 300
x=
20 (c)
x = 65
Therefore A person misses 100 – 65 = 35 chances.
(d)
23. There are a total of 15 tricycles and bicycles to be
manufactured. If the total number of wheels
available is 40, how many tricycles and bicycles
can be manufactured, respectively? Therefore option (d) is correct
(a) 5, 10 (b) 8, 7 26. If the statement, ‘Some animals are not
(c) 7, 8 (d) 10,5 ferocious’ is given as true, then which of the
Ans. (d) : Let us Assume following could be immediately inferred from
No. of Tricycles = x it.
No. of bicycle = 15 – x A. ‘All animals are ferocious’ is undetermined
No. of wheels = 40 B. ‘Some animals are ferocious’ is false
Tricycles have three wheels and bicycle has two wheels. C. ‘No animals are ferocious’ is undetermined
∴ According to the question, D. ‘All animals are ferocious’ is false
[ 3 × x + 2 (15 – x)] = 40 Choose the correct answer from the options
3x + 30 – 2x = 40 given below.
x = 10 (a) C and D only (b) B and D only
Therefore number of tricycle and bicycle which can be (c) B, C and D only (d) A, B and C only
manufactured is 10 and 5 (15 – 10) respectively. Ans.(a): If the statement, ‘‘some animals are not
24. In a certain coding language, ‘GIVE’ is written ferocious is given as true.’’ Then, the undetermined
as ‘VIEG’ and ‘OVER’ is written as ‘EVRO’. probable inferred statements are, ‘‘No, animals are
How will ‘DISK’ be written in the same code? ferocious’’ is ‘‘All animals are ferocious’’ is false hence
(a) SIDK (b) KDSI option (a) is correct.
(c) SIKD (d) KISD 27. ‘‘Miss World says that the socially correct for a
Ans.(c): As type, vegetarian guest to do at a dinner party thing is
to look perfectly happy eating salads.
Therefore, to act likewise is the socially correct
thing to do’’. Which fallacy is committed in the
And above argument?
(a) Red Herring
(b) Ad Populem
Similarly (c) Appeal to Inappropriate Authority
(d) Ad Hominem
Ans.(c): A red herring is a logical fallacy in which
irrelevant information is presented alongside relevent
Therefore option (c) is correct. information, distracting attention from that relevant
25. A group of 3 inter-related numbers as (6, 10, information. The may be done intentionally or
16) is given. By tracing the relationship, among unintentionally. Ad populem (Appeal to the people) is a
the numbers in this group, choose another fallacious argument which is based on claiming a truth
group with similar relationship from the given or affirming some thing is good because the majority
alternatives. thinks so. Eg-these days everyone (except you) has a car
(a) (9, 13, 18) (b) (6, 11, 15) and knows how to drive; so you too should have a car
(c) (5, 10, 18) (d) (7, 11, 17) and know how to drive.
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Appeal to inappropriate authority is a fallacy that Choose the correct answer from the options
assumes that because someone is an authority, we given below.
should listen to that person. The above given sentence is (a) C and D only (b) A, B, C and D
a great example of appeal to inappropriate authority. (c) A, B and D only (d) B, C and D only
Ad Hominem fallacy occurs when, instead of
Ans.(b): True statements regarding Nyaya view of
addressing someone’s argument or position, you
irrelevantly attack the person or some aspect of the inference as a valid source of knowledge are-
person who is making the argument. It is cognition which presupposes some other cognition.
Eg-Marx’s ideas are irrelevant today because the It is mediate or indirect. It arises through a mark. That
technology we used and rely on would have been mark is invariably connected with the object of
inconceivable to him. inference. This is a process of reasoning in which we
28. Given below are two statements. pass from the apprehension of some mark (linga) to that
Statement I : ‘Some S is P’ is contrary to ‘No S of something else by virtue of an invariable relation
is P’. (Vyapti) that exists between them.
Statement II : ‘Some S is P’ is subcontrary to 31. Bing is a web search engine owned and
‘Some S is not P’. operated by_____.
In light of the above statements, choose the (a) Microsoft (b) Yahoo
correct answer from the options given below. (c) Alphabet Incorporation (d) Amazon
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Ans.(a): Bing is a web search engine owned and
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
operated by Microsoft. The founder of Microsoft is bill
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
gates, Paul Allen.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Yahoo is an American web service provider. The
Ans.(d): Statement-I: Some ‘S is P’ is contradictory to founders of Yahoo are Jerry Yang and David Filo.
No ‘S is P’.
Alphabet Inc, the holding company of google, is a
Statement -II: Some ‘S is P’ is sub contrary to some ‘S
is not P’. global technology company. It offers a wide range
Therefore S+I is incorrect. of products and platform.
Amazon is an American multinational technology
29. Given below are two statements.
company focussing on E-commerce, cloud
Statement I : According to Classical Indian
Logicians, all fallacies are material fallacies. computing, online advertising, digital streaming. AI.
Statement II : According to Classical Indian Jeff Bezos is founder of Amazon.
Logicians, fallacies could be purely formal as 32. Students in a class in New Delhi have been
well as purely informal. communicating with a class in Chandigarh by
In light of the above statements, choose the videoconference. The two classes find that the
most appropriate answer from the options images they receive from each other
given below. occassionally freeze for upto 30 seconds before
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. the video continues. This type of problem can
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are most often be solved by____.
incorrect. (a) Increasing bandwidth
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is (b) Upgrading cameras
incorrect.
(c) Increasing video resolution
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct. (d) Upgrading monitors
Ans.(c): Statement-I According to Indian classical Ans.(a): This type of problem can most often be sloved
logicians. All fallacies are material fallacies (Nayaya by increasing bandwidth. In concept, bandwidth can be
Philosophy) compared to the volume of water that can flow through
Statement-I According to Indian classical logicians, a pipe. Bandwidth works on the same principle. The
fallacies couldn’t be purely formal as well as purely more bandwidth a data connection has, the more data it
informal. Therefore statement II is incorrect. can sent and receive at one time.
30. Which of the following statements are true 33. Consider the following incomplete sentences:
regarding Nyāya view of Inference as a valid Infrastructure aspects provided by the
source of knowledge? Government of India under National e-
(a) It is a cognition which presupposes some Governance Plan are.
other cognition
(i) For storage of data and hosting applications,
(b) It is mediate or indirect
it is______
(c) It arises through a mark (linga or hetu)
(d) That mark is invariably connected with the (ii) For network connectivity, it is______; and
object of inference (sādhya) (iii) For capacity building, it is______.
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Identify the correct order of words (A-C) from C. Bluetooth III. A radio navigation
the following to complete the sentences. system that allows users
A. SWAN to determine their exact
B. SDC location.
C. NISG D. HTTP IV. A private network or
Choose the correct answer from the options website available only to
given below. members of an
organisation.
(a) B, A, C (b) A, B, C
(a) A-(III), B-(IV), C-(I), D-(II)
(c) B, C, A (d) A, C, B
(b) A-(II), B-(IV), C-(I), D-(III)
Ans.(a): Infrastructure aspects provided by the (c) A-(III), B-(I), C-(IV), D-(II)
government of India. Under National E-Governance
(d) A-(I), B-(IV), C-(III), D-(II)
Plan are.
Ans.(a):
(i) For Storage of data and hosting application, it is
SDC. List-I List-II
(ii) For network connectivity, it is SWAN and Information Technology Definition
(iii) For capacity building, it is NISG. Term
34. Given below are two statements, one is labelled A. GPS III. A radio navigation
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as system that allows users
Reason R. to determine their exact
location.
Assertion A : HTTP is an application-layer
network protocol for transmitting hypermedia B. Intranet IV. A private network or
website available only to
documents.
members of an
Reason R : HTTP was designed for organisation.
communication between web browsers and web
C. Bluetooth I. A wireless technology
servers.
standard for exchanging
In light of the above statements, choose the data over short distances.
correct answer from the options given below.
D. HTTP II. A protocol used to send
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct and receive web pages.
explanation of A.
36. Given below are two statements.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
Statement I : Prolonged (chronic) exposure to
correct explanation of A. high noise levels (90-110 dB) causes only a
(c) A is true but R is false. temporary shift in the hearing threshold of an
(d) A is false but R is true. exposed person.
Ans.(a): The hypertext transfer protocol is an Statement II: Noise may adversely impact the
application layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia psychological as well as physiological well being
documents. It is an application protocol for distributed, of the exposed person.
collaborative, hyper media information system. It In light of the above statements, choose the
allows web servers and browsers to exchange data over correct answer from the options given below.
the web. It requests restorage protocol. It was designed (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
for communication between web browsers and servers. (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Therefore Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are and (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
35. Match List-I with List-II Ans.(d): Continuous exposure to noise can cause stress,
anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, heart disease
List-I List-II and many other problem. Prolonged exposure to high
Information Technology Definition level (90-110 Db) cause a parmanently shift in the
Term hearing threshold of an exposed person. Therefore
A. GPS I. A wireless technology statement II is correct.
standard for exchanging 37. Given below are two statements.
data over short Statement I : Millennium Development Goals
distances. were envisaged to reduce extreme poverty by
B. Intranet II. A protocol used to 2020.
send and receive web Statement II : There were eight Millennium
pages. Development Goals.

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In light of the above statements, choose the 40. Given below are two statements, one is labelled
correct answer from the options given below. as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true Reason R.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false Assertion A: All the member countries of the
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false International Solar Alliance are located
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
Reason R : Intensity of solar radiation in the
Ans.(d) : The United Nations Milliennium Declaration,
tropical region is high as compared to
was signed in September, 2000. There are 8 millennium
temperate and polar regions.
Development Goals. The MDGs were envisaged to
In light of the above statements, choose the
reduce extreme poverty by 2015.
most appropriate answer from the options
(i) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
given below.
(ii) Achieve universal primary education. (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
(iii) Promote gender equality and empower women. explanation of A
(iv) Reduce child morality. (b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
(v) Improve maternal health. correct explanation of A
(vi) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease. (c) A is correct but R is not correct
(vii) Ensure environemental sustainability. (d) A is not correct but R is correct
(viii) Develop a global partnership for development.
Ans.(d): The International Solar Alliance is an alliance
38. Identify the hazards that occur only due to of 121 signatory nice countries most being sunshine
natural reasons. countries, which lie either completely or partly between
A. Forest fires the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn.
B. Volcanoes Intensity of solar radiation in the tropical region is high
C. Cyclones as compared to temprate and polar regions. Therefore
D. Floods Assertion A is not correct but Reason (R) is correct.
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below. 41. Given below are two statements
(a) A and B only (b) B and C only Statement I : ‘E-Vidhyapeeth’ is a Learning
(c) C and D only (d) A and D only Management System and an e-learning
infrastructure product.
Ans.(b): (i) Forest fires also wild fire, bush or
Statement II : An HTML editor is a software
vegetation fire can be described as any uncontrolled and
application for creating web pages.
non-prescribed combustion or burning of plants in a
In light of the above statements, choose the
natural setting such as a forest, grassland, bush land. It
correct answer from the option given below.
is human made a unwanted disaster/nazards. (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(ii) Volcanoes – Volcanoes occur only due to natural (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
reasons. Volcanoes are opening, or vents where (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
lava, tephra and steam erupt into the Earth’s (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
surface.
Ans.(a): Statement I : E-Vidhyapeeth is a learning
(iii) Cyclones occur only due to natural reasons. A
cyclone is a large air mass that rotates around a management system and E-learning infrastructure
strong centre of low atmospheric pressure. product.
(iv) Floods occur only due to human made or mal Statement II : An HTML editor is a software application
practice of engineering. A flood is an overflow of for creating web pages.
water. Both Statement-I and II are true.
42. Match List-I with List-II
39. Arrange the following gases in an increasing
order of their contribution towards global List-I List-II
warming. Core Universal Values Area Related to Human
A. Methane Personality
B. Chlorofluorocarbons A. Truth I. Emotional
C. Nitrous oxide B. Righteous Conduct II. Spiritual
D. Carbondioxide C. Peace III. Physical
Choose the correct answer from the options D. Non-violence IV. Intellectual
given below. Choose the correct answer from the options
(a) A, B, C, D (b) C, B, A, D given below
(c) C, A, B, D (d) A, C, B, D (a) A-(IV), B-(III), C-(I), D-(II)
Ans.(b): Increasing order of global warming gases. (b) A-(III), B-(I), C-(II), D-(IV)
Nitrous oxide > Chloroflorocarbons > Methane > (c) A-(III), B-(II), C-(IV), D-(I)
Canbondioxide. (d) A-(IV), B-(I), C-(III), D-(II)

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Ans.(a) : This is a part of the way societies make sense of
List-I List-II themselves, and hence actually make and reproduce
Core Universal Values Area Related to Human themselves. All such orderings are partial and limited,
Personality
A. Truth IV. Intellectual but do not mean untrue. Partial knowledge is not false
B. Righteous Conduct III. Physical knowledge. It is simply not absolute knowledge.
C. Peace I. Emotional However, there are two problems about stereotypes
D. Non-violence II. Spiritual within this perspective. First is the buzzing confusion of
43. Given below are two statements. reality. This is accompanied by a belief in the
Statement I: The National Assessment and
Accrediation Council (NAAC) is a constituent absoluteness of a particular order. It is a refusal to
unit of UGC. recognize its limitations and partiality, its relativity and
Statement II : National Board of Accreditation changeability. Secondly, it is not only a product of
(NBA) was established by UGC with the history, but also reflected in the power relations withtin
purpose of evaluating technical programs.
In light of the above statements, choose the that society. Stereotypes are imposed by the stronger on
correct answer from the options given below. society and the order is grounded in social power. The
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true western notion of stereotypes is often considered as a
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false short cut, points to the manner in which stereotypes are a
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false very simple, striking, easily grasped form of
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans. (c) : Statement-I : The National Assessment and representation. Nonetheless, such a notion is less capable
Accrediction Council (NAAC) is a constituent unit of of condensing a great deal of complex information and
UGC. connections. Often, the observed simplicity of
Statement-II : National Board of Accredition (NBA) stereotypes is deceptive.
was established by UGC with the purpose of assessment
and evaluation of Indian Universities and colleges. 46. Stereotypes are described as_____of people.
Therefore statement-I is only true. (a) Positive images
44. Who was the chairman of Kothari (b) True images
Commission? (c) Typified images
(a) Dr. D.S. Kothari (b) Dr. D.P. Kothari (d) Glorified images
(c) Dr. S.P. Kothari (d) Dr. T.H. Kothari
Ans. (a) : Dr. D.S. Kothari was the chairman of Kothari Ans. (c) : Stereotype are described as typified images of
Commission. D.S. was anount standing scientist. He people.
was also a great educationlist. He was a student of 47. Stereotypes are products of.
meghnad saha. He is regarded as the architect of (a) Absolute knowledge
defence science in India.
(b) Partial knowledge
45. Given below are two statements
Statement I : In ancient India, indigenous (c) False knowledge
education was imparted at home, in temples (d) Real knowledge
and gurukuls. Ans.(b) : Stereotypes are products of partial knowledge.
Statement II : In ancient India, students went
to viharas for higher knowledge. 48. Those who produce stereotypes.
In light of the above statements, choose the (a) Do not see their own limitations
correct answer from the options given below. (b) Have strong social reasons
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (c) Do not believe in such dispositions
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (d) View the world positively
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans.(a): Those who produce stereotypes do not see
Ans. (a) : Statement I : In ancient India, indigenous their own limitations.
Education was imparted at home, in temples and gurukuls.
Statement II: Ancient India, students went to Viharas 49. Stereotypes originate from
for higher knowledge. (a) Social reality
Therefore Statement I and II both are true. (b) Ideal social order
Read the given passage and answer the five (c) Objective social assessment
questions that follow. (d) Social power relations
Stereotypes as a form of odering the mass of
complex data that we receive from the world are of only Ans.(d): Sterotypes originate from social power relations.
a particular form. These are representation and 50. The passage attempts to describe.
categorization of persons in a society. These also make (a) The simplicity of stereotypes
sense of that society through generalities, patterning and
typifications. Unless one believes that there is some (b) The social need for stereotypes
definitively true order in the world which is transparently (c) The importance of absolute knowledge
revealed to human beings and unproblematically (d) The complex nature of stereotypes
expressed in their culture, this activity of ordering, Ans.(d): The passage attempts of describe the complex
including the use of stereotypes, becomes a necessity. It
is indeed inescapable. nature of sterotypes.
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U.G.C. NTA NET/JRF Exam Dec. 2021/June-2022
TEACHING & RESEARCH APTITUDE
First Paper: Shift-I [Exam Date: 09 July, 2022]

(Solved Paper with Explanation)

Direction: Consider the following table that 3. What will be the male population above poverty
embodies details about the percentage distribution line for state 'A' if the female population below
of population of five states A-E on the basis of poverty line for state 'A' is 2.1 million?
poverty line and gender. In accordance with the (a) 2.3 million (b) 3.3 million
data in the table answer the question 1-5: (c) 4.4 million (d) 6.6 million
State-wise Distribution of Population
Ans.(b): Percentage of population below the poverty
line for state A = 35%
Percentage Proportion of Males (M) The ratio of males and females below the poverty line
(%) of and Females (F)
for state A = 5:6
Population
State Part of females = 6/11
Below Below Above
Poverty The female population below the poverty line for state
Poverty Poverty A is 2.1 million.
Line Line Line
M:F M:F Let the total population of state A be x
A 35 5:6 6:7 x × 35 6
× = 2.1
B 25 3:5 4:5 100 11
C 24 1:2 2:3 x = 11 million
D 19 3:2 5:3 Thus the total population of state A is 11 million
E 15 5:3 3:2 Now, the percentage of population above the poverty
1. What will be the number of females above line for state A = (100–35)% = 65%
poverty line in the state 'D', if it is known that ∴ Number of the population above the poverty line for
the population of the state 'D' is 8 million? state A = 15% of 11 million.
(a) 3 million (b) 2.83 million Also, the ratio of males and females above the poverty
(c) 2.63 million (d) 2.43 million line for state A = 6:7
Ans. (d) : The ratio of population above poverty line in ∴ Part of males = 6/13
state D = 5 : 3 Number of males above the poverty line for state A =
3 6
Part of females in the given ratio = × 7.15 = 3.3 million.
8 13
Population of state D = 8 million
Percentage of population in state D above poverty line = 4. If the population of males below poverty line
(100-19)% = 81% for state 'B' is 2.4 million and that for state 'E'
is 6 million, the total population of states 'B'
8 × 3 × 81 and 'E' is in the ratio of _______.
Population of females in the state D =
8 × 100 (a) 2 : 5 (b) 2 : 7
= 2.43 million (c) 3 : 7 (d) 4 : 9
2. If the male population above poverty line for Ans.(a): Percentage of population below the poverty
state 'C' is 1.9 million, then what is the total
population of state 'C'? line for state B = 25%
(a) 6.25 million (b) 5.35 million Also, the ratio of males and females below the poverty
(c) 4.85 million (d) 4.5 million line for state B = 3 : 5
Ans.(a): Let the population of state C = x ∴fraction of males = 3/8
The population of males above the poverty line of state and it is given that the population of males below the
x × 76 2 38 poverty line for state B = 2.4 million
C= × = x Let the population of state B be x million.
100 5 125
According to the question = 25 3
x × × = 2.4
38 10 8
1.9 = x
125 1920
x= million
125 75
x = 1.9 × million Now, the percentage of population below the poverty
38
x = 6.25 million line for state E = 15%

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Also, the ratio of males and females below the poverty 7. What is the full form of MOODLE, an open
line for state B = 5 : 3 source Learning Management System (LMS)?
∴fraction of males = 5/8 (a) Modular Object Oriented Digital Learning
and it is given that the population of males below the Environment
poverty line for state E = 6 million. (b) Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning
Let the total population of state E be y million Environment
15 5 (c) MOOCs Oriented Digital Learning
y× × =6 Environment
100 8
(d) Multiple Object Oriented Dynamic Learning
4800
y= million Environment
75 Ans.(b): Moodle is a free and open-source learning
So, the ratio of total population of state B and E = x : y management system written in PHP and distributed
1920 4800 under the GNU (General Public license). Moodle is
:
75 75 used for blended learning, distance education, flipped
= 4 : 10 classroom and other online learning projects in Schools,
=2:5 University, workplaces and other sectors. The acronym
5. If the total population of state 'C' and state 'D' of Moodle is Modular object Oriented Dynamic
is 5 million and 7 million, respectively, then learning environment and the Developer of Moodle is
what is the difference in the population below Martin Dougiamas
poverty line in these two states? 8. Given below are two statements:
(a) 0.30 million (b) 0.23 million Statement I : Assessment drives learning.
(c) 0.13 million (d) 0.11 million Statement II : No feedback is required to be
Ans.(c): Total population of State C = 5 million given in formative assessments.
Total population of State C below poverty line In the light of the above statements, choose the
5 × 24 most appropriate answer from the options
= = 1.2 million given below:
100
Total population of State D = 7 million (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Total population of State D below poverty line (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
incorrect
7 ×19
= = 1.33 million (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
100 incorrect
Required difference = (1.33 – 1.2) million (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
= 0.13 million correct
6. Which of the following are correct regarding Ans.(c): Assessment is the systematic basis for making
the process of learning?
inferences about the learning and development of
(A) Remembering the information and
reproducing it in examination. students.
(B) Synthesis and organisation of the old and It is the process of defining, selecting, designing
new experiences resulting in a novel collecting, analyzing, interpreting and using information
pattern to increase students learning and development.
(C) Carrying out activities which leave Therefore assessment drives learning.
permanent effect on the learner. Formative assessment is a planned, ongoing process
(D) Learning means acquisition, retention and used by all student and teachers during learning and
modification of experience. teaching to elicit and use evidence of student learning to
(E) Preparing only for scoring good marks. improve student understanding of intruded disciplinary
Choose the correct answer from the options learning outcomes and support students to become self
givens below: directed learners. Therefore feedback is a necessary
(a) (A), (B) and (C) only requirement of formative learning assessment.
(b) (B), (C) and (D) only 9. According to Dewry, education is a
(c) (C), (D) and (E) only (a) Social need (b) Personal need
(d) (B), (C), (D) and (E) only (c) Status need (d) Financial need
Ans.(b): Correct statement regarding process of
learning areas follows– Ans. (a) : According to Dewry education is a social need.
(I) Synthesis and organisation of the old and new 10. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National
experiences resulting in a novel pattern. Mission on Teachers and Teaching has various
(II) Carrying out activities which leave permanent effect components. Which of the following is not a
on the learner. component under this scheme?
(III) Learning means acquisition, retention and (a) Inter University Centers of UGC
modification of experience.
(IV) It helps different groups of people to share (b) Faculty Development Centers (FDCs)
knowledge, agree on mutual values and understand (c) Teaching Learning Centers (TLCs)
one another better. (d) School of Education (SOE)
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Ans.(a): Inter University Centers:- The UGC has Choose the most appropriate answer from the
established Inter University Centers for providing option given below:
advances centralized services for universities which are (a) (A) and (B) only
not able to invest heaving in infrastructure and other (b) (B), (C) and (D) only
inputs and also to provide occurs for research and (c) (A) and (C) only
teaching community to State of the art equipment & (d) (A), (C) and (D) only
facilities for the benefits of researchers working in Ans. (c) : To perform t-test MS Excel and SPSS are the
different Universities. software's which can be utilized.
These IUCS have been established mainly in the field of 14. Match List I with List II
science and technology. List-I List-II
FDCs, TLCs and SOE are a component under the Types of Research Research Characteristic
scheme of PMMMNM on teachers and teaching.
11. Which of the following are the features of case A. Cohort (I). Study of a
study method? analysis specific
(A) It is appreciative population as it
(B) It is particularistic undergoes change
(C) It is descriptive over time
(D) It is inductive B. Cultivation (II). Simultaneous
analysis analysis of two or
(E) It is mechanical
more data tables.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
C. Factor (III) Analysis of
options given below:
analysis . perceptions of
(a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only social world.
(c) (C), (D), (E) only (d) (A), (D), (E) only D. Canonical (IV). A multivariate
Ans.(b): Case study is a qualitative approach of analysis statistical test
research. The case study method is a learning technique used for data
in which the student is faced a particular problem, the reduction.
case. The case study facilitates the exploration of a real Choose the correct answer from the options
issue with in a defined context, using a variety of data given below:
sources (feature of case study are). (a) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
(A) It is particularistic. (b) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(B) It is descriptive. (c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
(C) It is inductive. (d) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(D) It has continuity in nature. Ans. (d) : The correct match is as follows
(E) It is qualitative. List-I List-II
12. Which of the following are remote data collection Types of Research Research
procedures? Characteristic
(A) Third party interview (A) Cohort analysis (I) Study of a specific
(B) Pop-ups population as it
undergoes change
(C) Data base e-mail
overtime
(D) Instant messaging
(B) Cultivation analysis (III) Analysis of
(E) Panel discussions perceptions of social
Choose the correct answer from the options world
given below: (C) Factor analysis (IV) A multivariate
(a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (D) only statistical test used for
(c) (C), (D), (E) only (d) (A), (B), (E) only data reduction
Ans.(b): Pop ups, Data base email and instant (D) Canonical analysis (II) Simultaneous
messaging are remote data collection procedures. analysis of two or more
13. To perform t-test which of the following software's data tables
can be utilized? 15. The measures of inter-coder reliability are
(A) MS Excel employed in research related to
(a) Discourse analysis
(B) Unix
(b) Narrative analysis
(C) SPSS
(c) Path analysis
(D) MS Equations
(d) Content analysis
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Ans.(d): The measures of nter-coder reliability are Ans.(a): The psychological obstacle in communication
employed in research related to content analysis. It is a can be seen when the receiver fails to refer language to
research tool used to determine the presence of certain reality and experience.
words or concepts within something qualitative data. (i) Lack of attention
Using content analysis, researchers can quantify and (ii) Poor retention
analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of
(iii) Distrust and defensive
such certain words, themes or concepts.
(iv) Emotions are some Psychological Barriers
16. Transforming ideas, thoughts and messages into
The stereotypes held by one also contribute to the
verbal and non-verbal signs and symbols is
failure of language to reflect social reality. It is a
known as:
cognitive mechanism that underlies all aspects of
(a) Channelisation
intercultural processes the way individuals perceive
(b) Controlled communication
numbers of other groups shapes their attitudes and
(c) Encoding
behaviour toward them influencing their various types
(d) Decoding of intercultural interaction and perspectives. Therefore
Ans.(c): Transforming ideas, thoughts and messages both statement I and II are true.
into verbal and non-verbal signs and symbols is known
19. Identify the correct sequence of the elements of
as Encoding.
communication set by Aristotle:
17. Which of the following are the effects or oral
(A) Speech
communication?
(B) Speaker
(A) Fragmented information
(C) Audience
(B) Personal connect
(D) Occasion
(C) Feed back
(E) Effect
(D) Objectivity
(E) Absence of interpretation Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below: (a) (A), (D), (B), (C), (E)
(a) (A) and (B) only (b) (D), (B), (A), (E), (C)
(b) (A), (B) and (C) only (c) (C), (D), (A), (E), (B)
(c) (B) and (C) only (d) (B), (A), (D), (C), (E)
(d) (C), (D) and (E) only Ans.(d): Correct sequence of the elements of
Ans.(c): The effects of oral communication are:- communication set by Aristotle.
(i) Personal contact Speaker → Speech → Occasion → Audience → Effect
(ii) Feedback 20. Match List I with List II :
Oral communication is not only time saving but it also List-I List-II
saves money and effort. Oral communication is best in Types of Source of Service
case of problem resolution. The conflicts, disputes and
Communication
many issues/difference can be put to an end by talking
Effects
about them. Oral communication is an essential for
team work and group energy. A. Instrumental (I) Author's
observation
18. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : The psychological obstacle in B. Prestige (II) A range of special
communication can be seen when the receiver requests
fails to refer language to reality and experience. C. Reinforcement (III) Sentimental
Statement II : The stereotypes held by one also fiction
contribute to the failure of language to reflect D. Aesthetic (IV) Factual reports
social reality.
Choose the correct answer from the options
In the light of the above statements, choose the given below:
correct answer from the options given below:
(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
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Ans.(c): The correct match is as follows- 25. An Aeroplane started 30 minutes later than the
List-I List-II scheduled time from a place 1500 km away
Type of communication Source of service from its destination. To reach the destination at
effects the scheduled time the pilot needed to increase
the speed by 250 km/hr. What was the speed of
(A) Instrumental (IV) Factual reports the Aeroplane during journey? (in km/hr).
(B) Prestige (III) Sentimental fiction (a) 750 (b) 1000
(C) Reinforcement (II) A range of special (c) 800 (d) 900
requests
Ans.(b): Let the usual time taken by the Aeroplane = x hr.
(D) Aesthetic (I) Author's observation
Distance = 1500 km
21. Find the wrong term in the series given below:
In first case:
16, 22, 30, 45, 52, 66, .....
(a) 22 (b) 30 1
time taken by aeroplane = x − hr
(c) 66 (d) 45 2
Ans.(d): The given series is as follows– 1500
Speed = km / h
1
x−
2
The wrong number of this series is 45 Increased speed = 250
22. If the word EARTH be written as QPMZS in So, 1500 − 1500 = 250
coded form, how can the word HEART be 1 x
x−
written in the same code? 2
(a) SPMZQ (b) SQMPZ
3000 1500
(c) SPMQZ (d) SQPMZ − = 250
2x − 1 x
Ans.(d): According to the question,
1500
EARTH = QPMZS = 250
E = Q, T = Z, A = P, H = S, R = M 2x 2 − x
HEART = SQPMZ ⇒ 2x2–x–6 = 0
2x(x–2)+3(x–2) = 0
( 0.35 ) - ( 0.03 ) upto 3 ⇒
2 2

23. Compute the value of ⇒ (x–2)(2x+3) = 0

0.19
x=2
decimal places:
(a) 0.064 (b) 0.64 −3
x=
(c) 0.006 (d) 0.694 2
Ans.(b): From the question, So, time can not be negative
2 2 x=2
( 0.35 ) - ( 0.03) = ( 0.35 + 0.03)( 0.35 − 0.03)
0.19 0.19 1500 1500
Speed = = = 1000 km / h
1 1
0.38 × 0.32 x− 2−
= 2 2
0.19
= 0.64 26. In classical square of opposition if 'No S is P' is
24. 10 chairs and 5 tables were purchased for Rs. given as false then which of the following could
17,500. If the average cost of a chair is Rs. be immediately inferred from it?
1000. What is the average cost of a table? (A) 'Some S is not P' is true
(a) Rs. 1,400 (b) Rs. 1,200 (B) 'All S is P' is undetermined
(c) Rs. 1,100 (d) Rs. 1,500 (C) 'Some S is not P' is undetermined
Ans.(d): Cost of 10 chairs and 5 tables = ` 17500 (D) 'Some S is P' is true
Average cost of chair = `1000 (E) 'Some S is not P' is false
Total cost of chair = ` 1000×10 = 10000 Choose the correct answer from the options
Cost of table = ` (17500 – 1000) given below:
= ` 7500 (a) (B), (D) and (E) only
7500 (b) (A), (B) and (D) only
Average cost of table = `
5 (c) (A), (D) and (E) only
= `1500 (d) (B), (C) and (D) only
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Ans.(d): In classical square of opposition, In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below:
If No S is P is given as false
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
So, All S is P is undetermined (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Some S is not P is undetermined (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Some S is P is true (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
These can be immediately inferred from the given Ans.(c): Statement - I :- For the classical Indian
argument. thinkers inference (anumana) means only syllogistic
inference.
27. Which Fallacy is committed in the following
Statement II:- Unlike Aristotelian Syllogism, anumana
argument? involves only three steps conversion, aversion and
"Smooth Sailing is all that's there to LIFE with contraposition.
ABC Insurance Policy" Therefore, statement I is only correct.
(a) The Appeal to Emotion 30. Which of the following means of knowledge
(b) The Appeal to Pity involves positing of something for making any
(c) The Appeal to Force unit of cognition self-complete?
(a) Comparison (Upamana)
(d) Irrelevant Conclusion
(b) Postulation (Arthapatti)
Ans.(a): The appeal to emotion is an informal fallacy (c) Non-Cognition (Anupalabdhi)
characterised by the manipulation of the recipient's (d) Verbal Testimony (Sabda)
emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the Ans.(b): Arthapatti is the fifth of the five means of
absence of factual evidence. Therefore appeal to knowledge by which one obtains accurate knowledge of
emotion fallacy is emotion. the world. Arthapatti is knowledge arrived at through
presumption or postulation. This means of knowledge
28. Given below are two statements: involves positing of something for making any unit of
Statement I : To draw an analogy between two cognition self complete.
or more entities is to indicate one or more 31. With respect to data communication, which of
respects in which they are similar. the following statements is true about fibre
Statement II : Every analogical inference optic cable?
proceeds from the similarity of two or more (a) Fibre optic cable carries data in pulses of light
things in one or more respects to the similarity and is prone to interference.
of those things in some further respect. (b) Fibre optic cable carries data as electronic
signals and is not prone to interference.
In the light of the above statements, choose the (c) Fibre optic cable carries data as electronic
most appropriate answer from the options signals and is prone to interference.
given below: (d) Fibre optic cable carries data in pulses of light
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and is not prone to interference.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are Ans.(d): Fibre optic cable carries data in pulses of light
incorrect and is not prone to interference. It is used for long
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is distance and high performance data networking. It is
also commonly used in telecommunication services
incorrect such as internet, television and telephone.
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is 32. Arrange the following computer memory types
correct from fastest to slowest speed:
Ans.(a): The process of analogical inference involves (A) Hard Disk
observation the shared properties of two or more things (B) Main Memory (RAM)
and from this basis inferring that they also share some (C) CD-ROM
further property. To draw an analogy between two or (D) CPU Registers
more entities is to indicate one or more respects in (E) Cache Memory
which they are similar. Every analogical inference Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
proceeds from the similarity of two or more things in
(a) (D), (E), (A), (B), (C)
one or move respects to the similarity of those things in (b) (A), (C), (B), (D), (E)
some further respect. Therefore both statement I and II (c) (E), (D), (B), (A), (C)
are correct. (d) (D), (E), (B), (A), (C)
29. Given below are two statements: Ans.(d): Memory types from fastest to slowest speed.
Statement I : For the Classical Indian thinkers, (D) CPU Registers
inference (anumana) means only syllogistic (E) Cache Memory
inference. (B) Main Memory (RAM)
Statement II : Unlike Aristotelian Syllogism, (A) Hard disk
anumana involves four steps instead of three. (C) CD-ROM
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33. Which of the following statements about 36. Given below are two statements : One is
malware are true? labelled as Assertion (A) and the order is
(A) A Trojan Horse is malware disguised as labelled as Reason (R) :
legitimate software. Assertion (A) : Soil Pollution due to detergents
(B) A Virus inserts itself into another program. affects the root growth of the plants and
It runs and spreads itself when the depresses the growth of soil micro-organisms.
program is opened.
Reason (R) : Presence of detergents in soil
(C) A worm is similar to a virus except that it
makes the soil more acidic.
does not need a program in order to run. It
spreads by itself. In the light of the above statements, choose the
Choose the correct answer from the options most appropriate answer from the options
given below: given below:
(a) (A) and (B) only (b) (A) and (C) only (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
(c) (B) and (C) only (d) (A), (B) and (C) correct explanation of (A)
Ans.(d): True statement about malware is - (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT
(A) A Trojan Horse is malware disguised as legitimate the correct explanation of (A)
software. (c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(B) A virus inserts in self into another program. It runs (d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
and spreads itself when the program is opened.
Ans.(c): Laundry detergents are surfactants formulated
(C) A worm is similar to a virus except that it does not
to reduce water surface tension. This makes it easier to
need a program in order to run it spreads by itself.
remove oils and dirt from clothing fabric but when
34. Match List I with List II surfactants get added to soil, its alkalinity level so rise.
List-I List-II Which damages the soil and affects the root growth of
File File Format the plant and also the growth of soil micro organisms.
A. Video (I) .xlsx Therefore assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is not
B. Podcast (II) .jpg correct.
C. Photograph (III) .mp4 37. Examples of Persistent Organic Pollutants
D. Spreadsheet (IV) .mp3 (POPs) are:
Choose the correct answer from the options (A) Dioxins
given below: (B) PAN
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) (C) VOC
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) (D) FURANS
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(E) PCB
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
Choose the correct answer from the options
Ans.(c): given below:
List-I List-II (a) (A), (D), (E) only (b) (A), (B), (D) only
(A) Video (III) mp4 (c) (B), (C), (E) only (d) (C), (D), (E) only
(B) Podcast (IV) mp3
Ans.(a): POPs are chemicals of global concern due to
(C) Photograph (II) jpg there potential for long range transport, persistence in
(D) Spread sheet (I) xlsx the environment, ability to bio-magnify and bio-
35. In the following spreadsheet, which of the accumulate in ecosystems as well as their significant
formulae below would be best for cell C2? Note negative effects on human health and the environment.
that the formula must be able to be copied example:- Hexa chlorobenzene
down from C2 to both C3 and C4.
Dioxins
A B C
FURANS
1 Lunch Dinner Total Cost
(DCB)
Cost (Rs.) Cost (Rs.) (Rs.)
Heptachlor
2 15 27 42
VOC
3 23 35 58
38. In the first commitment period of Kyoto
4 10 35 45
Protocol, how many green house gases were
(a) = A$2 + $B2 (b) = $A$2 + B2
covered for reducing their emissions?
(c) = $A$2 + $B$2 (d) = $A2 + $B2
(a) 4 (b) 5
Ans.(d): The formula of that spreadsheet = $A2 + $B2/ (c) 6 (d) 7
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Ans.(c): Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United 42. Credits earned by a student and stored in
Nations Framework convention on climate change by Academic Bank of Credit, after the date of
committing industrialized countries and economies in earning such credits, will have validity upto a
transition to limit and reduce Green House Gas (GHG) maximum of
emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets. (a) 7 years (b) 10 years
(I) CO2 (II) CH4 (III) N2O (IV) HFCs (V) PFCs (VI) (c) 12 years (d) 15 years
SF6 Ans.(a): Credits earned by a student and stored in
Six green house gas were covered for reducing their Academic Bank of Credit, after the date of earning such
emission. credits will have validity upto a maximum of 7 years.
39. Given below are two statements: One is 43. Identify the statutory bodies of a University:
labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is (A) Board of studies
labelled as Reason (R) : (B) Academic Council
Assertion (A) : Green hydrogen production will (C) Executive Council
be critical for world community to achieve (D) Finance Committee
carbon neutrality by the year 2050. (E) University Court
Reason (R) : The energy content of hydrogen Choose the correct answer from the options
gas is much higher than that of coal. given below:
In the light of the above statements, choose the (a) (A), (B), (C), (D) only
correct answer from the options given below: (b) (A), (C) only
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the (c) (A), (C), (E) only
correct explanation of (A)
(d) (B), (C), (D), (E) only
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
Ans.(a): Commities of a Universities:-
correct explanation of (A)
Board of studies
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true Academic Council
Executive Council
Ans. (b) : The electrolyzers that are used to split water
into Hydrogen and Oxygen, can if powered by Finance Committee
renewable energy, produce Hydrogen without any green Note: NTA has Dropped this question.
house gas emissions. Hydrogen generated in this way is 44. Environmental education must be integral to
often referred to as green hydrogen. It will be critical all academic programmes as students need to
for world community to achieve carbon neutrality by be mainly sensitized about
the year 2050.
(a) Its interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary
Therefore (A) is true and Reason (R) is false. nature
40. Since the start of industrial revolution, the (b) Its emergence as a specialized field
acidity of ocean's surface water has
(c) Relationship between culture and Environment
(a) increased by ∼ 10% (b) remained constant
(d) Environmental degradation and its consequences
(c) decreased by ∼ 25% (d) increased by ∼ 30%
for life on earth
Ans. (d) : Since the start of industrial revolution, the
Ans.(d): Environment education must be integral to all
acidity of ocean's surface water has increased by ∼30%
academic programmes as students need to be mainly
41. A Government University with Institute of sensitized about environmental degradation and its
Eminence status can have foreign faculty upto consequences for life on earth.
a maximum of
(a) 20% of total faculty strength 45. 'How could a lamp, which does not keep on
burning, light another lamp?' This statement is
(b) 25% of total faculty strength
from the book titled 'Siksha (learning). Who
(c) 30% of total faculty strength
among the following is the author of this book?
(d) 35% of total faculty strength
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
Ans.(b): A government university with institute of
eminence status can have foreign faculty upto a (b) Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
maximum of 25% of total faculty strength. (c) Jyoti Phule
(d) Savitribai Phule
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Ans.(a): The author of this book is Rabindranath between social group. Hegemonic ideological
Tagore. According to him "Education means enabling structures maintain control in part through the
the mind to findout that ultimate truth which never-ending process of integration and
emancipates us from the bondage of dust and gives us appropriation of marginalized ideologies.
wealth not of things but of inner light, not of power but 46. Despite hegemony, why marginalized people do
of love It is a process of enlightenment. It is divine not protest?
wealth. It helps in realization of truth. (a) Because they are too weak.
Read the following passage and answer the (b) They are not bothered being dominated.
questions :(46 to 50) (c) Priviledged groups forcefully suppress them.
An essential function of hegemony involves (d) Because of the promise that the dominant
convincing people to support the existence of a ideology is in their best interest.
social system that does not support them in Ans.(d): Despite hegemony marginalized people do not
return. Marginalized groups do not often protest because of the promise that the dominant
protest or revolt against ideologies that ideology is in their best interest.
overwhelmingly support privileged groups
47. What is the acceptance of domination called?
because, on some level, they consent to being
(a) Hegemony (b) Marginalisation
dominated. This statement prompts an
(c) Spontaneous consent (d) Reflective desire
immediate question: Why would anyone
consent to such an arrangement? While Ans.(c): The acceptance of domination is called
dominant ideologies may reflect the desires and spontaneous consent.
interests of socially powerful groups, for these 48. The dominant ideology survives because of its
ideologies to remain dormant or hegemonic, (a) Social Power
they must also feature an additional promise. It (b) Flexible appropriation
is in the best interest of the marginalized (c) Beneficial features
groups to accept these belief's as well. Put (d) Ideological components
another way, members of socially powerful
Ans.(b): The dominant ideology survives because of its
groups act to have their world view accepted as
flexible appropriation.
the universal way of thinking, and members
outside these groups come to accept some of 49. The dominant cultural institutions have the
these ideologies because they appear beneficial power to
in some way. This is referred to as a process of (A) Absorb challenges
spontaneous consent because it is typically (B) Maintain relations with social groups
informal or unnoticed. The best way to (C) Destroy opposition
understand the spontaneous consent of (D) Re-establish the precious norms
hegemony is through an example. A number of Choose the most appropriate answer from the
ideological components within a nation's higher options given below:
education system may not be in the best (a) (A) and (B) only (b) (B) and (C) only
interests of students. One dominant belief (c) (C) and (D) only (d) (A) and (D) only
suggests that college students should pay for Ans.(d): The dominant cultural institution have the
their own education. Despite being affected by power to absorb challenges and re-establish the precious
the belief, they accept it, and the ideology
norms.
survives. When such consent fails, however, the
concept of hegemony also explains how 50. The passage explains
dominant ideologies evolve to contain this (a) The forced absorption of the marginalized
failure through a process of flexible into the mainstream
appropriation. In such a situation, it is likely (b) The establishment of the ideology of the
that dominant cultural institutions will absorb marginalised
any challenging beliefs, integrate them into the (c) The defects of spontaneous consent
hegemonic matrix, and re-establish the (d) The survival of dominant ideology against the
previous norm. As a result, hegemonic systems challenges
never go away. They simply change form Ans.(d): The passage explains the survival of dominant
through a process of constant give and take ideology against the challenges.

UGC NTA NET/JRF 09.07.2022 Paper-I Shift-I 192 YCT