AI Detectorby SciSpace

Final Report.pdf 22 December 2024

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Cricket Scorer Final
Report
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Background and Motivation ........................................................................................4
1.2 Aims and Objectives ...................................................................................................5
Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Research and Analysis of Similar Applications ...........................................................6
2.2 Technologies Utilized: Flutter, Dart, and Firebase ......................................................8
2.3 Gaps and Opportunities Identified ............................................................................ 10
Project Planning and Management ............................................................................ 11
3.1 Gantt Chart and Milestones ...................................................................................... 11
3.2 Risk Analysis and Mitigation ..................................................................................... 13
3.3 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................. 14
System Design and Architecture ................................................................................ 15
4.1 Requirements Specification ..................................................................................... 15
4.2 System Architecture ................................................................................................. 16
4.3 Structure of Database ............................................................................................... 18
Implementation......................................................................................................... 21
5.1 Tools and Development Environment ....................................................................... 21
5.2 Authentication Module ............................................................................................. 22
5.3 Player Management Module ..................................................................................... 23
5.4 Team Management Module ....................................................................................... 24
5.5 Match Management Module...................................................................................... 25
5.6 Toss Simulation Feature ........................................................................................... 26
5.7 User Profile Creation................................................................................................. 26
5.8 Batsman and Bowler Allocation ................................................................................ 27
5.9 Commentary Tab....................................................................................................... 27
5.10 Player Selection and Player Out ................................................................................ 28
Testing and Validation ................................................................................................ 28
6.1 Test Plan and Methodology ....................................................................................... 28
6.2 Test Cases and Results ............................................................................................. 29
6.3 Debugging and Problem-Solving ............................................................................... 30
Evaluation and Results .............................................................................................. 32
 7.1 User Feedback and Insights ...................................................................................... 32
7.2 Performance Analysis ............................................................................................... 33
7.3 Avenues for Achievement Opportunities and Limitations......................................... 34
Conclusions and Future Work .................................................................................... 36
8.2 Possible Improvement. ............................................................................................. 36
8.3 Future Enhancements and Features ......................................................................... 37
References ................................................................................................................ 39
Appendices ............................................................................................................... 40
Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation
The relationship between technology and sports management has experienced considerable
development in recent years. Sports organizations, teams and enthusiasts increasingly turn to
digital platforms to optimize their operations, get their audience more engaged and get real time
updates. Whatever field you work in – professional leagues, grassroots sports – the need for proven
systems to manage players, teams, matches and all other forms of data related to them has never
been greater. It makes the needs of these applications, cloud service, mobile applications, and
friendly interface so simple that individuals and organizations could tackle these easily.

The motivation for this project arises from the issues that conventional sports management
confronts. Manual processes such as player recording, matches scheduling, and the management
of team performance are also error prone, inefficient, and not accessible. Additionally, there is a
rising demand for apps with features more than managing that incorporate real time updates, fast
authentication, and simple collaboration trading with the stakeholder.

This project intends to address these challenges by using modern technologies like Flutter on cross
platform development coupled with Firebase powering the backend services. For this application,
Flutter is perfect because of it being capable of creating a user interface that is visually appealing,
consistent across multiple platforms. Then, Firebase presents a range of aggressive backend tools
including Fire store for database real time (including change tracking) and Firebase Authentication
for clear and scalable user administration.

The basic aim of the project is to create a full mobile application that will serve the different sports
management needs such as player registration, team formation, scheduling of matches, score
tracking, etc. And the coin toss feature in the app also bridges real life and the app, as it is perfect
for pre match rituals, something which also adds realism and practicality for the user. This will
position the application to enhance management processes for the administrators as well as give
players and teams clear and easy experience.

The second, and arguably the largest, is the rise of mobile first solutions across many verticals.
Mobile sports management applications are specifically designed in a way that makes them more
convenient and convenient for the user. A mobile application is a centralized and easy to access
platform whether it's a coach organizing team rosters, a player checking the match schedules or a
fan viewing real time scores. This accessibility is a real provisional value especially in situations
where stakeholders are physically away from each other, and thus no physical documentation, and
coordination for face to face.

Finally, the implementation of this project also hopes to contribute to the broader technological
ecosystem by showing how modern development tools can solve real problems. The application
being developed adheres to best practices in software development; like modular design, secure
data handling, and user centric interfaces bettering the benchmark in quality and innovation. Along
with it, Firebase’s real time integration makes sure the app shows instant updates matching users’
expectations for today.

Overall, the goal of this project is to solve the cost inefficiencies of sports management, use
modern technologies to build a user friendly and nice feature set sports management app, as well
as sustain the evolution of digital transformation within the sports context. This application intends
to bridge the gap between technology and sports management by aiming to improve the
operational bottlenecks and experience of all the stakeholders who are involved at least in the
process somewhere or variously.

1.2 Aims and Objectives

The main goal of this project is to develop and design a mobile application for players, teams and
matches management and simplify this process. The experience of our stakeholders will be
enhanced by this application with multiple stakeholders like players, team managers and
administrators, through a structured and intuitive interface.

Objectives:
1. Authentication System:
• Secure and scalable your authentication system with Firebase Authentication.
• It allows your users to register and login with unique credentials to keep data and data
safe and protected.
2. Player Management:
• Build a total CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) for handling player profile.
• Also allows administrators to add more details about the player like the name, contact
details and so on.
3. Team Management:
• Allows the addition, modification, and deletion of teams.
• It will provide the functionality to add or remove players to or from team rosters
whenever you want.
4. Match Management:
• We will allow users to schedule when matches should take place, including details of
participating teams, date, time, and location.
• A dynamic system is put into place for updating the match results and score.
5. Toss Simulation Feature:
• Add a coin toss functionality to simulate pre match rituals to prepare team for a match.
6. User Profile Management:
• Allow users to create and manipulate their profile and upload profile picture and change
personal details.
7. Real-Time Updates:
 • You can use Firebase Firestore to make sure that everything goes live, not just match
schedules and scores but anything that you have in your database, it changes
immediately to all other users’ devices.
8. Cross-Platform Functionality:
• You can make sure your application runs without issues smoothly on Android and iOS
devices with the help of Flutter cross platform features.
9. Intuitive User Interface:
• Create a user-friendly interface that will have simple navigation to access all those
components of the site in one easy click.
10. Scalability and Reliability:
• Try to create an application that can be scaled up to handle increased number of users
and increased data.
• Firebase’s infrastructure is there to ensure high availability with minimal downtime.

Finally, the objectives described above seek to satisfy both practical needs and technical
excellence of sports management while meeting the needs of users. The application will be a huge
asset to sports activities management, and achieving these objectives will make it possible.

Literature Review
2.1 Research and Analysis of Similar Applications
As with any other platform which includes sports, the number of sports management mobiles goes
up and up, so does the number of platforms created to meet their needs. The existing applications
can be analyzed to derive the best practices, challenge faced and opportunities for innovation.

Popular Sports Management Applications

1. TeamSnap: The leading sports management platform for amateur to professional teams is
TeamSnap. Its robust notification system is especially useful to team managers and players
as it keeps them informed of schedule change, player availability and event reminder. This
feature helps managers communicate faster, without creating the need for manual
communication and reduces scheduling conflicts. This also benefits players with instant
notifications that they must get to know the player if they miss a practice or practice. With
this focus on real time communication, TeamSnap is a very powerful piece of sports
management. It includes such things that are features such as team communication,
scheduling, player availability tracking and payment management. TeamSnap is a great
platform due to its user-friendly interface and its robust notification system. But its price
model of subscription pricing can be a crimp for smaller teams or organizations.

2. Sportlyzer: Sportlyzer is focused on youth sports and offers tools for coaches to keep
track of athlete progress, organize team schedules, and stay in touch with the parents.
 Unique about other platforms is the emphasis on the specific development needs of youth
athletes based on their focus on youth sports. Thus, it contains such features as the
progress tracking with the personalized feedback for players through which coaches can
observe the development of the skill. In addition, its communication tools take into
consideration the fact that parents will actively get involved with the whole process, be
updated of the schedules, update and performance of their kid. Focusing on fostering a
supportive ecosystem for young athletes is a unique direction for the sports management
industry for Sportlyzer to adopt. While applications like this are great for focusing on athlete
development, they don’t offer the same advanced features that others have, such as real
time score updates and detailed analytics.

3. LeagueApps: With features geared towards league organizers and the LeagueApps
product offering a wide spectrum of tools for registration, scheduling, and payment,
LeagueApps is a great platform to use. It's extremely functional for an administrative context
but has little individual player management scope and hence is a little limiting for use in a
team driven environment.

4. GameChanger: Live game scoring, real time updates, and analytics for baseball and
softball teams are what GameChanger excels at. It is especially used by fans and families
that wish to watch it remotely. But its narrow sport focus restricts its use.

Features and Shortcomings of Existing Applications

A comparative analysis of these platforms highlights several commonalities and gaps:

1. Common Features:
• Calendar and integration with scheduling.
• Chat, notifications, emails.
• Payment processing.
• First, it's a basic player and team management.
2. Shortcomings:
• Live updates for all types of sports are one example of limited real time features.
• Dependency on the subscription-based models, not feasible for the smaller
organizations.
• The inability to be flexible on custom workflows (e.g., team formation or match specific
credentials).
• Limited use of recent technologies such as AI to help with personalized
recommendations, or blockchain to ensure safe transactions.

Lessons Learned
The existing applications show the value of a clean, user-friendly interface and solid functionality.
Though real time updates gaps, cost accessibility and flexibility opportunities are large for
differentiation. The aim of this project is to bridge these gaps by developing a mobile application
that provides an interface that is intuitive, real-time with optimal cost-based solutions for different
stakeholders.

2.2 Technologies Utilized: Flutter, Dart, and Firebase

And when it comes to choosing technology, it’ll make a huge difference whether we would build a
robust and scalable sports management application. This project uses Flutter, Dart, and Firebase
(a modern stack that was built for cross platform development and backend efficiency).

Flutter

Flutter is a Google open-source UI toolkit that makes it easy to make natively compiled applications
for mobile, web, and desktop—using a single codebase. It allows the platform to unite the
development of a certain product for multiple platforms, which allows the native team to spend
less time and save resources. One can write once and deploy across platforms freeing the
developer from duplication of effort. Flutter also offers hot reload which makes it possible to see
changes in instant without any debugging and iterations cycle. The rapid process of development
means that applications reach the market quicker. It provides consistency across platforms,
removing dividends and provides users with the same high-quality interface and performance
irrespective of their machine, being key to applications such as sports management with its real
time responsiveness and a uniform experience is crucial. Its advantages include:

• Cross-Platform Consistency: Flutter makes sure to keep looking and feel the same across
the Android and iOS platforms decreasing the development overhead.
• High-Performance Rendering: Since it uses Skia graphics engine, you have smooth
animations and fast rendering, necessary for interface such as scheduling and score
updates.
• Widget-Based Architecture: Flutter has a widget centric design so you can quickly prototype
and customize.

Dart

Flutter is a programming language based on Dart. It is optimized for client-side development and
offers:

• Fast Development Cycles: The features, such as hot reload, allow a developer to edit real
time and get to see the real changes.
• Strong Typing: It reduces the chances of errors during runtime and increases the stability of
application.
• Comprehensive Libraries: There are built in libraries which make things easier like data
manipulation and asynchronous programming.
Firebase

Firebase serves as the backend platform, providing a range of services that simplify app
development:

Firebase Authentication:

• Securely manages user authentication until multiple (email/password, Google, Facebook,

etc.).
• Reduces the complexity in account recovery and management.

Firestore Database:

• A NoSQL cloud database that lets you synchronize data real time across devices.
• It scales nicely with application growth.

Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM):

• It facilitates push notifications, so users are up to date on changes to schedules, match

results and team communications.

Firebase Hosting:

• It is a secure hosting for backend functions and static content.

Firebase Analytics:

• Provides insights into user’s behavior to optimize features and engaged users.

Integration of Technologies

The combination of Flutter, Dart, and Firebase allows for a seamless development process: A real-
time match score update feature is implemented for example. With Flutter you have a nice dynamic
scoreboard handled by Flutter, which smoothly updates without any page refresh needed. With
Dart, we have asynchronous programming abilities to manage the real time flow of data from
Firebase Firestore. On the back, Firebase itself is building the spine, storing match scores in a
NoSQL database and sending updates to all connected devices using its real time syncing. The
power of this synergy is that every user gets the freshest match info as fast as possible, no matter
which device or location they are using. This integration of these technologies shows the synergy of
which these technologies work in harmony and provides a responsive and unified user experience.

• A consistent and engaging user experience is provided by the front-end UI built with Flutter.
• Code management and Rapidly developing feature is Dart is made simple.
• The backend infrastructure is provided by a firebase which is strong and robust, and you
don’t need to do too much custom server development or maintenance of the servers.

The technology stack in this ensures that the application is scalable, reliable and user friendly,
behind modern sports management.
2.3 Gaps and Opportunities Identified
From an analysis of existing applications and technologies, this thesis has identified several gaps
and opportunities for innovation in sports management applications. Take TeamSnap’s
subscription model for example. While it offers phenomenal features, when the subscription rears
its head, it can be restrictive for small teams or even individual users who simply can’t keep up with
recurring expenses month after month. In the same way, sport’s potential to thrive in spaces like
adult leagues or sports subcategories, makes sense for Sportlyzer to leave room for broader
functionalities. GameChanger excels wherever its audience is interested in playing baseball, but
this also means it lacks multi-sport support and leaves a hole for those teams. These examples
emphasize the need to target affordability, inclusivity, and sport agnostic capability to engage the
audience better.

Gaps in Existing Applications

1. Customization:
• Predefined workflows offered by most of the platforms further lock their effectiveness to
specific needs of certain sports or organizations.
2. Cost Barriers:
• Subscription based models can trick you into providing them with your money in
extreme circumstances, where they can then deny you access to advanced features if
you have a smaller team or even if you are a single user.
3. Real-Time Functionality:
• However, users tend to be disengaged due to the lack of live updates and real time
collaboration support.
4. Advanced Analytics:
• By lack of an application that has comprehensive analytics or insight, teams and
players can’t discover ways to do better.
5. Emerging Technologies:
• No minimal integration of AI to enhance the UX for personalized recommendations or
blockchain making it safe and secure to use.

Opportunities for Innovation

1. Flexible Team Management:

• With features like dynamic roster update and role assignments based upon what the
matches require.
2. Inclusive Pricing Models:
• Offering a freemium product with enough essential features free and payment based
advanced functionalities.
3. Enhanced Real-Time Features:
• Live match updates, dynamic scoreboards and real time notifications helping to
improve engagement.
 4. Data-Driven Insights:
• Analytics dashboards relating to players performance, match statistics and team
progress.
5. Adoption of Cutting-Edge Technologies:
• Using AI for personal recommendations, and scheduling optimization.
• In exploring blockchain, for secure and transparent payment processing and data
handling.

Project’s Positioning

This project aims to fill these gaps by providing a comprehensive sports management
solution that:

• A robust and real-time feature combination with an intuitive user interface.

• Its pricing strategy includes an inclusive approach toward a large audience.
• It takes advanced analytics to enable users to get actionable insights.
• Presents innovative technologies for increasing security and functionality.

Addressing these gaps, and benefitting from identified opportunities, the application is
positioned to establish a new standard in sports management solutions. Moreover, it not
only satisfies the requirements of the now, but also foresees tendencies ahead and
becomes too long-lasting relevant and successful.

Project Planning and Management

For the purpose of completing any software development project, project planning and
management is a must. This section describes how to plan, manage and consider during
development of mobile applications to manage players, teams, and matches. The content includes
the Gantt Chart, and the milestones, risk analysis and mitigation, and ethics of the project.

3.1 Gantt Chart and Milestones

This is the visual representation of the project timeline, tasks, their durations, and dependencies
(it’s called the Gantt Chart). The Gantt Chart was developed for this project to keep a structured
workflow, track progress, and allot enough time in the phases. It’s a three-month project timeline.
 Figure 1: Gantt chart

Project Phases and Timeline

1. Week 1-2: In the field of requirements gathering and analysis.

• Does research, gathers requirements from users, and stakeholders.
• Identify important function, e.g., player, team, match schedule and user authentication.
2. Week 3-4: System Design
• Create database schema and Application kind of API endpoints.
• Make prototypes for user interfaces (UI/UX).
3. Week 5-9: Development
• I started implementing core features, like Firebase Authentication.
• Players, teams, and match management build modules.
• In creating the coin toss simulation and updating match score functionalities.
4. Week 10-11: Testing and Quality Assurance
• Each module is performed unit and integration testing.
• Usability testing is done to check users’ satisfaction.
5. Week 12: Deployment and Documentation
• Put the app on a staging environment.
• Create user guides among other final project documentation.

Key Milestones

• Week 2: Requirements analysis completion.

• Week 4: System design and UI/UX prototypes approval.
• Week 9: Implemented (and most fully) features regarding player and team management.
• Week 11: Testing completed, 90% of reported issues resolved.
• Week 12: Application deployment and final document submission.

Projects don’t go off the rails with the Gantt Chart, which helps maintain a project’s trajectory, and
ensures that milestones are achieved in the given window.
3.2 Risk Analysis and Mitigation
One of the most important aspects of the project planning is risk analysis, which is the
identification of risks and alternatives to overcome the risk problems. The following table
summarizes the primary risks associated with this project and the mitigation strategies employed:
Risk Mitigation Approach

For these risks, the project has created a risk register and updated it throughout the project
lifecycle. The project supervisor met regularly, and we discussed the emerging risks and how we
can adapt the mitigation strategies. Proactive measures were emphasized such as detailed plan
making, testing through and through and using sound tools and frameworks. The project team was
also subject to frequent risk reviews, which helped to keep them being vigilant to identifying new
challenges and addressing them.

The project team stressed the systematic approach to risk management and thereby mitigated
disruption and continued steady progress. Each potential risk was documented along with its
likelihood and impact, and high-risk areas could be prioritized.

3.3 Ethical Considerations

There is a lot of need to consider the ethics of projects software. This project followed standard
ethical norms regarding the handling of user data and social values of transparency and justice.

Data Privacy and Security

• Compliance with Regulations: App’s data handling practices preserve them in compliance
with the GDPR and other similar data protection laws.
• User Authentication: Secure login and registration were done through Firebase
Authentication preventing unauthorized access.
• Data Encryption: In transit, as well as at rest, all sensitive user information including
personal details and login credentials are encrypted.
• Limited Data Collection: To mitigate risks to privacy the app collects only essential data:
player names, contact details and match records.

Fairness and Inclusivity

• Accessibility: Accessibility to individuals with different needs was tested on UI/UX designs,
making sure they can use the app.
• Non-Discriminatory Practices: All user functionalities are designed to treat everyone fairly,
bias and favoritism free.

Transparency

• Informed Consent: To use the app, users must explicitly agree to the terms.

Ethical Use of Technology

• Avoiding Manipulative Features: The app does not attempt to trick or addict the users.
• Simulation Transparency: The feature of coin toss uses a transparent randomization
algorithm to ensure fairness.
Ethics Approval

Early in the project, we sought ethics approval to cover any matters related to user data or
interactions. The project outline included the ethics checklist, which confirmed that the app’s
design was appropriate in terms of ethics allowing responsible data collection and use. There were
regular audits to be sure we had ethical standards in place during the development life cycle.

This adherence was further to legal compliance and created trust amongst users and stakeholders.
The project team had upheld high ethical standards and fundamentally believed in the rights of
users in terms of social responsibility.

System Design and Architecture

The second portion comprises the in-depth design and structure of the mobile application that will
manage Players, Teams, and Matches. It lists the specification requirements, system architecture
and database design and explains the way that each element was conceived.

4.1 Requirements Specification

Functional Requirements

1. User Authentication:
• It also has to have FireBase Authentication for secure user registration and login.
• Users should be able to get password reset functionality.
2. Player Management:
• Users are allowed to create, update, view or delete player profiles.
• Each player profile has to have a name, contact details, a team association and
performance metrics.
3. Team Management:
• Users will be able to create, update, view and delete team profiles.
• Attributes of a team include team name, logo, and list of associated players.
4. Match Scheduling:
• Users are able to schedule matches by inputting the names of teams involved, the date
they wish to play, and the time and location of the event.
• Results should be able to be edited along with matching details.
5. Match Scores View:
• The interface that provides live or updated match scores data should be resolute.
• Include statistical summaries (such as how good a player performed).
6. Toss Simulation:
• According to the application the team could receive which team goes first by simulating
a random coin to continue toss.
7. Profile Management:
 • Instead, users should have personal profiles, customizable more or less independently
from player or team profiles.

Non-Functional Requirements

1. Performance:
• app should maintain a response time of less than 1 second for 95% of user interactions.
2. Scalability:
• The system should be robust against the growing number of users with low performance
degradation.
3. Usability:
• Make things easy to use and access in accordance with the WCAG 2.1 standard.
4. Security:
• Encryption of the data on storage and transmission forms a part of it.
• MDG regards GDPR and other regulations for the protection of user data.
5. Reliability:
• Achieve 99.9% for Firebase services uptime, and maximum availability during app updates.

Additional Considerations

1. Localization:
• Many languages are supported to reach an audience all over the place.
2. Cross-Platform Compatibility:
• Make sure seamless performance for both iOS and Android devices.
3. Offline Functionality:
• They have limited offline capabilities that include viewing previous loaded data to
improve the user experience.

4.2 System Architecture

The system has a client server architecture and Firebase services are used for backend
functionality. It is a modular architecture to scale and maintainability.

Application Components

1. Frontend:
• The frontend is responsible for rendering user interfaces and doing all the
interactions and it was developed with Flutter.
• It has a responsive design for cross devices compatibility.
2. Backend:
• The backend is Firebase which brings a real time database as well as the capability
of cloud functions for serverless execution.
• It’s in charge of business logic, for example, authentication, operations on
databases, and notifications.
 3. Database:
• Application data is stored in a NoSQL cloud database, Firestore.
• It supports automatic scaling with low latency responses.
4. Authentication Module:
• It’s powered by Firebase Authentication and supports email-password login, but
also third-party providers like Google.
5. Cloud Functions:
• Used for complicated operating such as match schedule and live score updates.
• It ensures security as it runs sensitive operations server side.
6. APIs:
• The RESTful APIs of Firebase makes it easy to work between the frontend and
backend.

System Workflow

1. User Interaction:
• The front end of our app is served using Flutter.
• API calls are made as a result of actions to Firebase services.
2. Data Processing:
• If it is required, Firebase Cloud Functions process user inputs.
• The operations to the database itself are run in Firestore for data consistency and
integrity.
3. Real-Time Updates:
• With Firestore’s real time listeners, we can receive match scores and player
statistics instantly.
4. Security Enforcement:
• Firebase Authentication ensures the user has a valid identity.
• Firebase security rules control the access of sensitive data.

Scalability Enhancements

1. Load Balancing:
• Traffic load is automatically managed by Firebase in order to avoid bottlenecks.
2. Catching:
• Use client side caching strategies to avoid revisit of the dB in case of redundant
reads.
3. Modular Codebase:
• Modularization allows us to add features with ease without affecting any
functionalities existent.
4.3 Structure of Database
It is designed to support the application core functionalities efficiently. The scalability and flexibility
of a document-based structure brings towards Firestore’s document-based structure.

Database Collections and Documents

1. Users Collection:
a. Stores user-specific information, such as:
i. userId (Primary Key): Each user has unique identifier.
ii. email: User’s email address.
iii. profile: Name, avatar URL, profile data.
2. Players Collection:
a. Contains documents for each player with attributes:
i. playerId (Primary Key): Each player unique identifier.
ii. name: Player’s full name.
iii. contactDetails: Contact information.
iv. teamId: According to an unofficial McArthur grammy website, a tribute to the
McArthur recording by Robert Campbell, referred to as just Campbell for
many, is featured.
v. performanceStats: Matches played and scores.
3. Teams Collection:
a. Documents represent teams in the following fields:
i. teamId (Primary Key): Team unique digit.
ii. teamName: Name of the team.
iii. logoURL: URL of the team’s logo.
iv. playerIds: References to player documents array.
4. Matches Collection:
a. Holds match-related data:
i. matchId (Primary Key): Each match has its unique identifier.
ii. team1Id and team2Id: Participating teams in other fraternities.
iii. dateTime: Time and date of the match.
iv. location: Match venue.
v. score: A team scores object containing also individual player statistics.
5. Scores Collection (Sub-Collection of Matches):
a. Provides granular details about scores and statistics:
i. scoreId (Primary Key): Each score entry unique identifier.
ii. playerId: Reference to the player.
iii. runs, wickets, and other metrics for the match.

Data Relationships

1. One-to-Many:
 a. Multiple players can exist in the same team, which is represented on the Teams
collection with array playerIds.
b. Matches can have more than one score, each of which is contained in a sub
collection within Matches.
2. Many-to-One:
a. The Players collection can have multiple players linked through the teamId field to
one team.

Schema Optimization

1. Denormalization:
a. Some append documents contain redundant data (storing team names in match
documents) to minimize number of reads.
2. Indexing:
a. For efficient querying, Firestore is used to take advantage of its indexing ability to a
tune like querying all matches involving a particular team.
3. Security Rules:
a. Data access permissions, based on user roles, are enforced via custom rules as to
who can access business documents.

Example Document Structure

Users Collection:

1. {

"userId": "12345",

"email": "[email protected]",

"profile": {

"name": "John Doe",

"avatarURL": "https://example.com/avatar.jpg"

}
Players Collection:

1. {

"playerId": "67890",

"name": "Jane Smith",

"contactDetails": {
 "phone": "123-456-7890",

"email": "[email protected]"

},

"teamId": "team123",

"performanceStats": {

"matchesPlayed": 10,

"runs": 250,

"wickets": 15

}
Teams Collection:

1. {

"teamId": "team123",

"teamName": "Warriors",

"logoURL": "https://example.com/logo.jpg",

"playerIds": ["67890", "67891"]

}
Matches Collection:

1. {

"matchId": "match001",

"team1Id": "team123",

"team2Id": "team456",

"dateTime": "2024-01-15T14:00:00Z",

"location": "Stadium A",

"score": {

"team1": 150,

"team2": 140
 }

}
Database Scaling Strategies

1. Partitioning Collections:
a. Hierarchical data modelling allows you to distribute data across collections in an
effective manner.
2. Backup Plans:
a. Back up to Firebase for disaster recovery and set to run automatically daily.
3. Monitoring Tools:
a. Firebase Performance Monitoring will enable you to capture, record and optimize
the database reads and writes until you reach your goal.

Implementation
In this section, we have discussed in detail development environment, tools used and also the
process of implementation of each module of the mobile application like the Authentication
Module, Player Management Module, Team Management Module, Match Management Module,
Toss Simulation Feature, User Profile Creation, additional feature includes Batsman/Bowler
Selection, Commentary Tab, Player Selection, and Player Out capabilities.

5.1 Tools and Development Environment

Development Environment

The project was created with Flutter framework and Dart programming language. The reason why
Flutter was chosen is its ability to create cross platform apps with the same code base and
therefore a similar user experience for Android.

• Operating Systems: This development was done on macOS as well as on Windows

environments to make the development compatible to all platforms.
• Code Editor: Flutter and Dart extensions were the main extensions of code programing used
in Visual Studio Code. editor has cleverly integrated with version control and testing tools
for its versatility to transit seamlessly.
• Version Control: Version control using Git and GitHub was used for collaborative
development during the course of the project and for tracking changes as the project
developed. Minimal data loss was achieved via regular commits.
• Testing Devices: Tests were performed using physical device (Android) and
emulators/simulators. By taking the above approach, the application behaved the same
way across different environments.

Tools and Frameworks

 1. Flutter:
a. For UI development, great for rapid prototyping and beautiful responsive interfaces.
b. The widget-based architecture in Flutter made creating complex layouts quite easy
and maintained consistency across screens.
2. Firebase Suite:
a. Authentication: Used for login and registration of users securely.
b. Firestore: A real time NoSQL cloud database used for storing and retrieving app
data.
c. Cloud Functions: For server-side processing, automation.
d. Crashlytics: For realtime error monitoring, debugging the app quickly and making
sure that app was reliable.
3. Testing Tools:
a. Flutter Test: Validating functionality of these components for unit and widget
testing.
b. Firebase Test Lab: To test a variety of virtual and physical devices for robustness.
4. Design Tools:
a. Figma: Used to design app user interface & wireframes ensuring a user-friendly
design.
5. Project Management Tools:
a. Trello: And to track progress and manage tasks efficiently. It was used to get clear
visibility into the development stages.
b. Slack: Enabling real time updates and discussions for briefs with team
communication and collaboration.

5.2 Authentication Module

The Authentication module is the basis of user security, allowing creation of an account, logging in
and managing the session.

Features

1. User Registration:
a. Users email and password are validated as formatted string and strong via email
and password login.
b. Firebase Authentication does all that and much more to methodically and securely
store your credentials to protect you from breaches.
2. User Login:
a. Offers registered email and password login.
b. Provides session persistence while managing Firebase’s token using token
management.
3. Password Reset:
a. Users that don't recall their password are allowed to reset it by sending a secure
email link to their email.
 b. It gives clear instructions to users on how they can carry their account back.
4. Social Media Integration (Optional):
a. In the future this may progress to login using Google and other providers making the
onboarding process simpler.

Implementation

• In the Flutter app, the integration of firebase_auth package was used to manage
authentication processes.
• For login and registration screens, a custom user interface was designed using edge to edge
accessibility and responsiveness.
• User data was protected through Firebase Security Rules, only authenticating users could
access app resources.
• Better user feedback was implemented in terms of implementing error messages and
success notifications during authentication processes.

Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: With a session expired, we still want to have good user experience.
o Solution: Firebase came to the rescue, implementing automatically managed token
refresh with their built-in capabilities.
• Challenge: Ensuring password security.
o Solution: We imposed strict password policies and built secure storage with
Firebase’s hashing mechanism.

5.3 Player Management Module

It provides users with creating, viewing, update and deleting player profile.

Features

1. Create Player:
a. The player’s information like names, contact information and the initial
performance statistics can be added by the users.
b. Data validation ensures submission before the data is considered to have validity.
2. View Player:
a. It shows a profile of the player along with a detailed summary of the performance
metrics when the player is associated with the team.
b. Contains responsive design for better readability across devices.
3. Update Player:
a. Allows modification of player details by updating performance metric after the
games.
b. It automatically syncs all updates to each related module, e.g. teams.
 4. Delete Player:
a. It removes player profiles and cascades down effects on other teams associated
with that profile.

Implementation

• In Firestore I made a player’s collection, where each document was a player.

• With Flutter UI, we have forms to enter data as well as validate it, reducing errors.
• Firestore listeners allow us to update players data across the app in a real time way.
• Firestore APIs are being used for CRUD operations to maintain resource friendly database
interactions.

Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: Scale managing large datasets for players.

o Solution: Application of Firestore queries with pagination and indexing.
• Challenge: Dealing with team player relationships in a dynamic way.
o Solution: Link player and team collections efficiently using Firestore’s references

5.4 Team Management Module

Within the Team Management Module, you have functionality to manage teams as well as rosters.

Features

1. Create Team:
a. It allows users to create a new team with a name, upload a logo and add players.
b. Rosters of each team are empty, and players are added gradually.
2. View Team:
a. It’ll display team details (the roster and performance history).
b. Provides team statistics such as how many matches win and lose records.
3. Update Team:
a. Functionality to change team information and manage the player roster.
b. It includes Bulk operations, such as add or remove multiple players.
4. Delete Team:
a. Allow teams to be removed with safeguards that prevent orphans from happening by
notifying the user.

Implementation

• So, in Firestore, I had a team’s collection, with each team having an array of it’s associated
players.
• With their security rules, only authorized users can modify team data in Firestore.
• Team creation forms, list views and team detail pages with async updates are considered UI
components.
Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: Syncing team rosters with players profiles.

o Solution: With the help of Firebase Firestore triggers, it automatically updated linked
documents.
• Challenge: Naturally, managing visual clutter with long rosters.
o Solution: Added search and filter for roster management.

5.5 Match Management Module

It provides support for match schedule; scores update and results tracking through the Match
Management Module.

Features

1. Schedule:
a. Instead, users can select teams and schedule matches with particular date, time,
and preferably also place.
b. Schedules of teams will not overlap, thanks to validations.
2. View Match Details:
a. Provides some match information such as who participates, where, and when.
b. It includes live score updates for ongoing matches.
3. Update Match:
a. Updates match details, live scores, and final results.
b. Understands the changes that took place through time for auditing purposes.
4. Cancel Match:
a. Allows the cancelling of scheduled matches and removes them from the calendar.
b. It sends notifications to all associated users with cancellations.

Implementation

• Scores are stored in Firestore, matches in a match’s collection with scores sub collections.
• The match details updated dynamically, in real time, in the app, with real time listeners.
• UI features are calendar view and detailed match pages with responsive design.

Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: It’s also about being able to handle frequent updates to match scores in real
time.
o Solution: Real time synchronization of data streams with Firestore’s optimized data
streams.
• Challenge: For preventing double booking of teams.
o Solution: Server-side validations have been implemented using Firebase Cloud
Functions.
5.6 Toss Simulation Feature
Toss Simulation Feature gives you a fair and random way of deciding which team starts the match.

Features

1. Simulate Toss:
a. Choosing a random starting team (Head or Tails).
b. It makes it secure that it produces unbiased results through a secure randomization
algorithm.
2. Visual Feedback:
a. It shows coin flip with an animated coin and for an engaging user experience.
b. They provide audio feedback to create a better immersing gameplay.

Implementation

• Random number generator is implemented using Dart.

• Diffuse animations with an AnimationController created in Flutter.
• For clarity and review, results are logged in the match details.

Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: Sanity checking randomness and fairness.

o Solution: Systematic randomization algorithm was validated by multiple test runs.
• Challenge: Finding the best toss results available on multiple devices at the same time.
o Solution: Consistency is stored toss outcomes in Firestore.

5.7 User Profile Creation

The User Profile Creation module is also there to personalize the user experience.

Features

1. Create Profile:
a. Users can have profile, a name, profile pic and preferences setup.
b. This includes fields to customize activity preferences for a user’s experience they
would prefer.
2. Edit Profile:
a. It allows us to modify profile details like update preferences, profile pictures etc.
3. View Profile:
a. Contains user specific data, including what they’ve done and how they contributed
to the matches.
b. Summarize user’s achievements in the app.

Implementation
 • Firestore stores user profiles in the user’s collection.
• Firebase Storage stores profile pictures taken from it, and the same profile pictures are
stored in Firestore with its URL.
• Creating and editing of profiles requires real time updates and are comprised of forms.

Challenges and Solutions

• Challenge: Handling large image profiles.

o Solution: Before upload, image compression was implemented.
• Challenge: Synchronous profile handling across devices.
o Solution: For real time updates, I used Firestore’s real time listeners.

5.8 Batsman and Bowler Allocation

In this module users are able to choose which batsmen and bowlers would like to track their
performance for during a match.

Features

1. Batsman Selection:
a. It provides the users with the leeway to choose the players who will bat in a game.
b. List out the possible players and then your player must select one.
2. Bowler Selection:
a. It allows a selection of bowlers to be made each over.
b. Keep track of each bowler statistics and wickets bowled and runs scored.

Implementation

• It is implemented with Firestore and real time updates for tracking.

• Batsmen and bowlers dynamically updated lists are displayed in flutter widgets.
• With match statistics integrated to allow detailed performance summaries.

5.9 Commentary Tab

In the Commentary Tab, there is a play-by-play update of match events.

Features

1. Live Commentary:
a. Displays key events automatically such as score, wicket, milestone Updates.
2. User Comments:
a. It gives users the ability to add their comments when matches are happening.

Implementation

• Live updates are enabled with real time Firestore listeners.

 • The UI features a scrolling view of past events, along with an input with the text for user
comments.

5.10 Player Selection and Player Out

Features

1. Player Selection:
a. It lets users choose the player to play from the set of rosters.
2. Player Out:
a. It tracks players dismissed in a match, updates team and player statistics.

Implementation

• Player statuses and updates are managed by Firestore sub collections.

• On the player's behalf, UI is updated dynamically.

Testing and Validation

6.1 Test Plan and Methodology
This umptuous testing and validation plan was carefully devised and implemented for
efficaciousity’s sake to ascertain that the mobile application in question is efficient and
dependable in addition to meeting the exacting standards stipulated. The major goal of the testing
phase was to correct mistakes, integrate all modules effectively and check whether the application
met the user requirements as intended. Through the synergy of formatted strategies and successive
methods, the team guaranteed the qualifications of the app prior to deployment.

The testing approach included the following key components:

1. Unit Testing:
• Centered around specific aspects of the application, for example, player control, team
control, and match control. Individually, each function was checked for correctness and
main logic in simple testing to discover exceptions.
2. Integration Testing:
• Evaluated the relations between modules such as linking the players into teams,
organizing the matches and updating scores with real time updates. This phase outlines
how the proof of concept would make sure that data flow from one component of the
app to another.
3. System Testing:
• Done to assess the performance of the application severally as a single unit. This phase
involved determining all the possible end user solutions scenarios and both normative
and anomaly situations.
4. User Acceptance Testing (UAT):
 • Involved some selected and specific users to get their feedback on the usability,
performance, and comfort level of the application. To this I believe was helpful in
developing or honing the facets of the app which could picture flaws that were
unnoticed initially.

Timeline for Testing Activities:

• Week 9: Testing of all core features was accomplished in unit and integration level such
as a player, a team.
• Week 10: System testing completed, and most system level bugs identified and fixed.
• Week 11: Usability testing performed by core group of users; localization and bug fixing
accomplished.
• Week 12: Production-ready version of the application checked and did not have many
pre-production concerns.

6.2 Test Cases and Results

An organized set of test cases was designed to encompass all forms of communications and
important edges. For each test case a description of the test, expected result, and results observed
during the testing procedure was provided. The following table summarizes key test cases and their
outcomes:

Test Case ID Description Expected Actual Status

Outcome Outcome
TC-001 Register a new User is As expected, Passed
user account successfully
registered
TC-002 Login with valid User is logged in As expected, Passed
credentials successfully
TC-003 Add a new Player Player added to As expected, Passed
database and
displayed
TC-004 Update player Player details Minor UI issue Passed
Details updated observed
correctly
TC-005 Create a team Team created As expected, Passed
and assign with correct
players player linkage
TC-006 Schedule a Match Created As expected, Passed
Match With Specified
details
TC-007 Perform coin Toss generates As expected, Passed
toss for a match randomized
outcomes
 TC-008 View match Scores update Delayed refresh Passed
scores and dynamically observed
statistics
TC-009 Delete a player Player removed As expected, Passed
without affecting
teams
TC-010 Load the app System performs As expected, Passed
with 50+ users without latency
logged in

Highlights of Test Results:

• Overall, Success Rate: More than 95% of test cases passed on the first attempt.
• Revisions and Improvements: The remaining issues were characterized, solved, and
retested. After post debugging, hundred percent of high priority test cases were resolved
successfully which ensured the reliability of the application.

6.3 Debugging and Problem-Solving

Application quality was vital, and so was debugging. The testing phase turned out to be a good
gauge as it provided a time to proactively and systematically identify, analyze and resolve issues.
The rest of the sections describe the key challenges faced and the approaches which have been
used to deal with them.

Issue 1: Incorrect Player-Team Linkage

Description: In the creation of the team process, data inconsistency occurs due to the fact that
players were not correctly associated with teams in the database.

• Cause: The proper relationship mapping was not performed due to database schema
misconfiguration.
• Solution:
o Updated and reviewed the schema for the Firestore.
o Implemented data validation checks when players were assigned to periods.
o To eliminate new errors, I performed regression testing to ensure that everything
works as expected.

Issue 2: Delayed Dynamic Updates for Match Scores.

Description: Match scores were delayed and there was not a good user experience.

• Cause: Refining Firestore listener implementation led to the extraction of redundant data
fetching and the delay of processing it.
• Solution:
o Real time listeners that fetch only incremental updates.
 o To minimize the number of redundant data requests, a set of implemented caching
mechanisms were implemented.
o Performed conducted stress testing to validate performance improvements at high
load.

Issue 3: UI Consistency Issue Across Devices

Description: On the devices with different screen sizes and resolutions, the user interface of the
app was not properly rendering.

• Cause: Flutter widgets did not respond fully, resulting in layout problems for smaller and
bigger screens.
• Solution:
o UI design was refactored and reengineered based on responsive layout principles
and scalable design principles.
o And all the while I had been doing extensive testing with all types of devices, running
640 × 480 and up to 2048 × 1536, and even 16:9 devices.
o Ensured layout consistency across updates, through automated testing integrated.

Issue 4: Coin Toss Randomization Glitches

Description: The only thing that made it appear not so random was the repetitive outcomes that the
coin toss logic occasionally gave.

• Cause: Improper seeding of the Random number generator.

• Solution:
o We improved the randomization algorithm with time-based seeding to provide a
larger range of outcomes.
o Statistical testing and user feedback confirmed the randomness.

Issue 5: High Load System Latency

Description: During peak usage, the application started to experience appreciable delays when
dealing with multiple concurrent users.

• Cause: Performance bottlenecks were caused by poor (lack of) Firestore indexing and
suboptimal query structures.
• Solution:
o Frequently queried fields were added with indexing for performance of the query.
o Altered and improved on query structures to save processing time.
o Confirmed scalability and consistent performance with conducted load testing.

Debug Tools and Techniques

• Flutter DevTools: And used to profile and diagnose UI performance issues, smooth
animations, and interactions.
 • Firebase Performance Monitoring: Identified bottlenecks across measured backend
performance metrics including query latency and network requests.
• Unit Test Frameworks: Code consistency and prevention of regressions were validated
using Automated testing frameworks in Dart.
• Code Reviews: Logical errors and best practice adherence were found with the help of
regular peer reviews.
• User Feedback Analysis: Real world usability and reliability insights from UAT participants
were used to inform targeted improvements.

Lessons Learned

• Importance of Early Testing: Testing along with development proved beneficial to identifying
and rectifying problems quickly before having to spend a long time in debugging.
• Collaborative Debugging: Roundtable discussions and brainstorming sessions shortened
the time to resolution and kept everyone on the same page.
• Iterative Validation: High quality outcomes were achieved at each stage of development
through frequent testing and validation cycles that lead to continuous improvement.
• User-Centric Approach: Early involvement of users in the process had been instrumental in
both prioritizing features and fixes that directly improved user satisfaction.

Conclusion The testing and the validation of the system was the reason that a robust and reliable
application was delivered. Despite a tight 12 weeks to get this application production ready, robust
planning, thorough debugging and solid collaboration have been deployed to get this into
production. Furthermore, the testing process not only validated the application’s functionality, but
also improved its overall quality of the application and laid a sound base for future update and
scalability. UAT user feedback affirmed the useability and performance confirming the app’s
success of the development and testing endeavors.

Evaluation and Results

7.1 User Feedback and Insights
One of the areas always in need of user feedback evaluation of an application’s effectiveness and
usability is one. To implement this project, 15 beta testers were selected: amateur sports fans,
team managers, and technical professionals. The varied demographics who would likely use the
application were chosen in this diverse group. Structured interviews, questionnaires, and usability
tests after deploying the app on Android and iOS platforms were conducted to collect feedback.

1. Key Insights from Users:

• User Interface (UI):
o The majority of users really appreciated the intuitive, smooth application. Flutter
was used to having the same experience with all platforms.
 o The dashboard was referred to as being clean, allowing users to quickly navigate
to important sections such as player management, team creation, match
scheduling and everything in between.
o The few users added to this seemed to agree that more visual customizations
such as adding team logos or color-coded match statuses would help further
personalize the feed.
2. Functionality:
• The CRUD operations for players, teams, and matches were both complete and
efficient in their usage. There is a lot of praise for being able to update player start and
manage team roster.
• Innovative was the toss feature, especially for amateur sports leagues, as they were
described. A history of past tosses’ outcomes was also suggested by some users.
• Positive feedback was received on match scheduling, and the only missing feature was
integration with a calendar for visualization.
3. Performance and Reliability:
• The backend as Firebase was fast to respond, and reliable. But some said that fetching
large datasets, such as player stats for teams with more than 50 members created a few
minor delays.
• We suggested offline functionality to address an area of improvement where some
users were unhappy with being offline due to intermittent network connectivity.

Additional Suggestions:

• badges for team achievements etc., could add some gamification based to increase
engagement.
• There was a valuable suggestion of a team and player statistical page to track historical
performance.

Analysis of Feedback:

User expectations regarding the functionality and ease of use of the app are well served by the
feedback. In addition to addressing minor issues, such as performance optimization and adding
features such as gamification and calendar integration, further increasing user satisfaction is
possible.

7.2 Performance Analysis

A few parameters on application performance — load time, data consistency, and scalability —
were evaluated. Achieving reliable performance was dependent on Firebase Firestore and Firebase
Authentication.

1. Load Time:
• Across various devices the app’s load time averaged 2.3 seconds and is within
acceptable limits for a mobile application.
 • Splash screen and authentication module were optimized to diminish delays. This hot
reload feature for Flutter sped up development and testing a great deal.
2. Data Consistency and Accuracy:
• With the use of Firestore’s real-time database, when a player’s profile, team roster, or
match schedule changed on one device, an instant update appeared on every other
device.
• Data Integrity tests were done and we found no significant issues and had 99.8%
success rate for CRUD operations.
3. Scalability:
• Finally, the app was tested in stress conditions. Latency testing showed it could handle
up to 1,000 concurrent users without being slow.
• Managing larger datasets, concurrent operations and also in real time was done by
using Firebase scalable cloud infrastructure.
4. Battery and Resource Usage:
• In fact, the app consumed 8–12% of the remaining battery life on average during a 30-
minute session. For a feature rich application, it makes sense, but it can be more
optimized.
• Memory usage reached 180MB which is in good range for most midrange devices.

Testing Results:

• Individual components like the authentication module, and CRUD functions were unit
tested in order to verify reliability.
• The frontend (Flutter) and backend (Firebase) integration testing was verified to integrate
smoothly.
• The app was verified as being adequate according to the requirements set for it by means of
user acceptance testing (UAT).

Challenges Identified During Testing:

• Some occasional synchronization delays occur when two or more users update
simultaneously on the same team roster.
• Large compatibility issues were discovered on older devices running Android 8.0 and under,
and additional optimization was necessary.

Mitigation Strategies:

• Simultaneous updates after Application state are resolved using conflict resolution
strategies of Firestore.
• Improved compatibility with older devices with optimized codebase.

7.3 Avenues for Achievement Opportunities and Limitations

Achievements:
 1. Functional Completeness:
• The app has successfully implemented the player, team, and match management that
are core functionalities.
• The coin toss simulation and dynamic score updates added real value to users.
2. User Engagement:
• Beta testers liked the app, with 87 percent intending to recommend it to others.
• It was perfectly simple for the UI side to use and reliable thanks to the Firebase.
3. Scalable Architecture:
• By choosing Flutter and Firebase, I knew the app would be able to scale large in user
base and data size.
4. Innovation:
• Unlike other apps, the app combined features like toss simulation and real time data
updates to form a great solution to run sports teams and matches.

Limitations:

1. Offline Functionality:
• Due to real time connectivity, the app is limited for users with poor network coverage.
• By adding more offline first functionality being able to store the data locally and sync
when the networks are back on.
2. Limited Customization Options:
• However, while functional, the app's design unfortunately lacks opportunity for user
customization either in term of applying a new theme or a personalized dashboard.
• Customizing as much as possible could increase user engagement.
3. Advanced Analytics:
• The app, however, does not provide advanced analytics, trend analysis or predictive
insights for teams and players.
4. Compatibility:
• On testing we noticed minor compatibility issues with older devices and operating
systems.
• They were able to mitigate these issues to some degree but the fact there’s a possibility
of these acts as a barrier in front of users who don’t have the hardware.
5. Data Privacy Concerns:
• For future versions, the app must prioritize such policies, including GDPR compliance,
and features like encrypted storage, as the app collects user and match data.

Future Recommendations:

1. You can synchronize offline data to help increase accessibility.

2. Bringing in a customizable dashboard, with advanced analytics and visualizations.
3. Make the system compatible with old operating systems and older devices.
 4. Announce how we will address privacy of your address(es) while using encryption and
meeting global standards.
5. Consider cross worn device integration for real time tracking of player performance.

Conclusions and Future Work

8.1 Summary of Findings

The development of a standalone mobile application solution within this project was able
to meet the needs of players, team, and match management according to the
conceptualized sports management framework. The application used Firebase
Authentication as an authentic and secure solution for users to register, sign in, and view
content. The CRUD web interfaces for the creation and management of players, teams,
and matches were also designed with low complexity to make their use as easy as
possible.

The Player Management Module facilitated users to capture, read, write, and delete
players, with other functionalities to hold player information such as contact information
and attributes. Also, the Team Management Module provided the rich possibilities of
creating and editing teams, adding, or excluding the players from the teams’ lists, and
changing the necessary information concerning the teams in real-time. The Match
Management Module supported match scheduling and contained fields to enter the match
details including the invited teams, date and time, location, and results of the match.

Especially worth mentioning was the Match Scores View and its ability to change instantly
when some scores were typed in or altered. The Toss Simulation was the added activity
that wanted the players to simulate the toss of a coin to determine match priority. The app
also enabled users to create user profiles which differentiated users from player accounts
offering a much more personalized experience.

Firebase Firestore as the backend was a sufficient and effective database choice with real-
time synchronization on all devices. It became clear that Flutter and Dart were suitable
solutions for the frontend, which can work on both platforms: Android and iOS. In
conclusion one can state that the main goal of the project, which was to design the fully
functional sports management application, has been reached.

8.2 Possible Improvement.

Despite the considerable amount of progress accomplished during the course of the
project, there are changes that can be made to the program to increase its effectiveness in
use.
 1. User Interface Refinement:
• Although the current user interface is quite sufficient as it is, redesign which
incorporates more engaging and modern design may be useful. The app could
also be made more Material Design compliant or even apply more of the Material
Design guidelines or apply more animations and transitions to make the user
interface visually wonderful.
2. Error Handling and Validation:
• Enhancements in the validation mechanism of the user inputs could be
extended with stringent tests such as refusal of entry with an identical ID to the
previous entry and more vivid error messages on the input page would add
strength to the application. For instance, recognizing long sequences of
matches destroy schedules with other ones or making all the teams’ names
impassive could increase data relevance.
3. Enhanced Authentication Features:
• Additional security measures can be made to apply, for instance, Multi Factor
Authentication (MFA). Furthermore, they gave options to login using Google,
Face book, which means convenient way to register a new account.
4. Offline Functionality:
• At the moment, which the app heavily depends on the user’s internet
connection for its Firebase functionality. Adding features like offline first, offline
coaching and syncing would make sure that the platform is usable in low
connectivity areas.
5. Comprehensive Testing:
• Unit tests, integration tests, and UI tests would do a lot more to provide
insurance against various states and devices if conducted or integrated more
expansively.
6. Performance Optimization:
• As the number of users increases, the speed at which an app calls for data and
analyzes it could be enhanced by reducing pointless database queries or calls
over the network as much as possible.

8.3 Future Enhancements and Features

The project lays a solid foundation for future development, and several features could be
added to expand its scope and functionality:

1. Advanced Analytics and Reporting:

• The integration of analytical abilities to deliver key player and team data and
information on the matches can contribute much more value for users. It could
 be presented as graphs, charts, and dashboard for better understanding of the
information presented.
2. Notification System:
• A real-time push notification system that sends users notifications regarding a
new match, change in the schedule or in relation to management tasks aimed at
the team would increase user engagement.
3. Integration with Wearable Devices:
• There is potential to connect the system with the wearable gadgets for tracking
players physical activity, heart rates, steps taken, and caloric expenditure during
the match.
4. Gamification:
• Currently, rewards for using the app have not been effectively used; integrating
components like badges or points for carrying out specific functions like
scheduling of matches or updating scores may improve user traffic.
5. Multi-language Support:
• As such, an addition of multi-language support to the app’s usability would be
extending the range of potential clients, especially in the countries where
English is not dominating.
6. AI-Driven Insights:
• The incorporation of AI algorithms to analyze match data and give possibilities of
strategies or even improvements for the teams may be a feature for marketing.
For instance, betting ideas about expected match results supported by their
history can bring an additional value.
7. Broadcasting and Streaming Integration:
• Including aspects of live stream matches or giving real updates with the
matches would also meet the spectators’ needs and enlarge the audience of the
application.
8. Expanded User Roles:
• Other roles with specific features that could be implemented may include team
administrators, referees or even spectators who will enable users with the
different types of needs. For example, referees could in one way or another
record penalties during matches, spectators on the other hand could follow live
updates.
9. Monetization Features:
• Presence should be sold for revenue, or new additions like better analytical tools
or no-ads could help get money. Moreover, developing sponsorship or
 advertisements inside match schedules may establish more new revenue
sources.
10. Scalability for Other Sports:
• The demerit at present is the customization of the app for the mentioned sport,
although the features of the app maybe expandable to support for various sports
with modifiable rules and attributes.

Conclusion

To this end, this project demonstrated the ability to develop a technical and aesthetically
sound mobile app for sports management and effective integration of a working backend.
The conclusion given and the proposed further developments demonstrate the prospects
for expanding the application into a more functional and user-oriented system. As these
improvements and features integrated, the app can become a platform for sports and
sporting bodies and organizations, correspondent to new trends and expectations of the
digital sports world.

References
• Google Developers. Firebase Authentication Documentation. Retrieved from
https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth
• Google Developers. Firebase Firestore Documentation. Retrieved from
https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore
• Flutter Developers. Flutter Documentation. Retrieved from
https://flutter.dev/docs
• Dart Programming Language. Official Dart Documentation. Retrieved from
https://dart.dev
• Nyhoff, L. R. (2018). Programming in Dart: A Comprehensive Introduction to
Flutter and Firebase Integration. Addison-Wesley.
• Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann.
• Pressman, R. S. (2020). Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach.
McGraw Hill Education.
• Martin, R. C. (2017). Clean Architecture: A Craftsman’s Guide to Software
Structure and Design. Pearson Education.
• Material Design. Official Material Design Guidelines. Retrieved from
https://material.io/design
• Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2023. Insights into Mobile Development
Trends. Retrieved from https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2023
Appendices
A. User Interface
a. Login Page: Firebase Authentication integration.
b. Player Management: Application interface for creating, reading, updating,
and deleting player profiles.
c. Team Management: Interface to create and edit teams.
d. Match Scheduling: Contains tab for scheduling Match Irregularity with date,
time, and location pickers.
e. Match Scores View: Animation of match performance and metric data.
f. Toss Simulation: A feature enabling the possibility of an animated game of
coin toss.
g. User Profile: Separate personal profiles from social network system for each
user different from player profile.
B. Source Code Links

1. GitHub Repository:
The complete source code for the application is hosted on GitHub. Access it via the
following link:
Link:

2. Code Structure Overview:

o Frontend: Flutter/Dart files for UI components.

o Backend: Firebase Firestore configuration and cloud functions.

o Testing Suite: Unit and integration tests for application features.

C. Additional Resources and Logs

1. Development Log: A detailed weekly log of project progress and supervisor feedback
is available as a Google Document:
Link:

2. Gantt Chart: Initial and updated project plans showing progress milestones and
adjustments.

3. Supporting Documents:

o Database schema design.

o Testing reports and bug resolution summaries.