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Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely
to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be
given for effective and exact expression.

PAPER-II

General Studies-I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

* Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.

* Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.

e The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different
parts of the country.

« Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

e History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars,
redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism,
capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

e Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

e Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

e Effects of globalization on Indian society.

e Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

e Salient features of world’s physical geography.

« Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).

e Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies
and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. a
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General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

e Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions

and basic structure.

e Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

e Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

e Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

e Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges
and issues arising out of these.

e Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the 31
Polity.

e Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

* Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various

Constitutional Bodies.

* Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

e Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of
their design and implementation.

e Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and
associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

e Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection
and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

e Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/ Services relating to Health,
Education, Human Resources.

e Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

e Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models,

successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional
and other measures.

* Role of civil services in a democracy.

e India and its neighborhood- relations.

« Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
interests.

« Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.

« Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

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General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

* This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by
him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects.
The following broad areas will be covered :

e Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions;
dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives
and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational
institutions in inculcating values.

e Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and
political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

e Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

e Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

e Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

e Public/ Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns
and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources
of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in
governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

e Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of
Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption.

* Case Studies on above issues.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 GEOGRAPHY

PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

Physical Geography :

1. GEOMORPHOLOGY : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces;

Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s
interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building;
Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape development;
Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied
Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

63

2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air
masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and
Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle;
Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban
climate. 63

3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and
salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources;
biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and
marine pollution.
4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion,
Degrada-tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of
deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.

5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on

ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their
management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity
and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures;
Environmental education and legislation.

Human Geography :

1. Perspectives in Human Geography: Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and

dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human
and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human
development indix.

2. Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources
and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions;
Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects
and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade.

3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population;

Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and
optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and
quality of life; Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of
urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification
of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of
urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.

4. regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth
centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in
regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human geography;
Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;
Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location;
Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and
frontiers.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to, 6 OUN
 PAPER II

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief;
Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall
patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural
vegetation, Soil types and their distributions.

2. Resources: Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest
and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.

3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings,
land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and
ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture;
Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological
regions.

4, Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel,
aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based industries;
Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New
industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.

5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works
and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones; Developments in communication and
information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.

6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities
religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force,
dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, interaregional and international) and associated
problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.

7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments;

Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan
regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and
remedies.
8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans;
Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area
development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area
development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.

9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new
states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related issues;
Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,
Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns
of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population
explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion;
Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

65

sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian
economy.
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General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management

e Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.

e Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

e Government Budgeting.

« Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and
irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related
constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

e Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution
System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;
Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing,

e Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and
downstream requirements, supply chain management.

* Land reforms in India.

e Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial
growth,

« Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

e Investment models.

e Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

33

e Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new
technology.

e Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues
relating to intellectual property rights.

e Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

e Disaster and disaster management.

e Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

e Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
e Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

e Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
e Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.