BLOCKCHAIN BASED CERTIFICATE VALIDATION SYSTEM

(MAJOR PROJECT)

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by:
AJENDRA SHUKLA (2104220100011)
NISHA TIWARI (2104220100069)

HARSHITA RAI (2104220100049)

ADITYA PRAKESH MAURYA (2104220100007)

in partial fulfilment of award of the degree of

BACHELOR of TECHNOLOGY
in
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Under the guidance of:

MR.MANISH KUMAR SONI
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Bansal Institute of Engineering & Technology

(Affiliated to AKTU University, Lucknow, Approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, New
NH-24, Near Sewa Hospital, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that by AJENDRA SHUKLA (2104220100011) & NISHA TIWARI

(2104220100069),HARSHITA RAI(2104220100049) & ADITYA PRAKESH
MAURYA (2104220100007) has successfully completed the final year project titled
"BLOCKCHAIN BASED CERTIFICATE VALIDATION SYSTEM" under the
guidance of MR.MANISH KUMAR SONI, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Bansal Institute Of Engineering & Technology, in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of B. Tech during the academic year 2024-
25

The project demonstrates a high level of understanding of Python programming and its
application in a real-world scenario. They have shown dedication, perseverance, and a
strong analytical mind in completing this project.

Mr. Rohitashwa Pandey Mr. Manish kumar soni

Head of Department Project Guide
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Mr.Manish Kumar Soni , Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Bansal Institute of Engineering &
Technology, for her invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement throughout this
project. Her insights and suggestions were instrumental in shaping the direction of this
project and overcoming challenges.

We are also thankful to him for giving us this opportunity to expand the knowledge and
giving us guideline to build this project report.

I am grateful to my family and friends for their unwavering support and motivation during
this project.

AJENDRA SHUKLA (2104220100011)

NISHA TIWARI (2104220100069)
HARSHITA RAI(2104220100049)
ADITYA PRAKESH MAURYA(2104220100007)
 Abstract
In an increasingly digital world, the need for secure and reliable credential verification has become
paramount. This project, titled "Certificate Verification Using Distributed Ledger Technology,"
presents a blockchain-based certificate verification system designed to address the challenges
associated with traditional verification methods, which are often susceptible to fraud and
inefficiency. By leveraging the decentralized and immutable nature of distributed ledger
technology, this system ensures that certificates issued by organizations are tamper-proof and
easily verifiable.

The architecture of the system comprises three key components: a user-friendly frontend
developed with HTML, CSS, and React; a robust backend built on the Django framework; and a
secure blockchain layer utilizing Ethereum. Users authenticate through their MetaMask wallets,
enabling organizations to upload certificates and individuals to verify them seamlessly. The system
computes SHA3-256 hashes of the uploaded documents, storing relevant metadata on the
blockchain to facilitate quick and reliable verification.

This lightweight design not only enhances performance but also broadens the applicability of the
system across various sectors, including education, healthcare, business, and government. By
providing a secure and efficient means of managing digital credentials, this project sets the stage
for future enhancements, such as expanded document support, automated notifications, and
integration with other blockchain networks.

Ultimately, "Certificate Verification Using Distributed Ledger Technology" represents a

significant advancement in the quest for trustworthy digital credential management, promoting
transparency and integrity in an era where the authenticity of information is critical.
 Table of Contents
• Front Page

• Declaration

• Certificate

• Abstract

• Acknowledgment

• List of Figures

• Chapter 1: Introduction

• 1.1 Project Overview

• 1.2 Problem Statement

• 1.3 Objectives of the Project

• 1.4 Scope of the Project

• 1.5 Significance of the Project

• 1.6 Methodology Overview

• Chapter 2: System Analysis

• 2.1 Existing System

• 2.2 Limitations of the Existing System

• 2.3 Proposed System

• 2.3.1 User Authentication via MetaMask

• 2.3.2 Certificate Upload and Processing

• 2.3.3 Blockchain Storage

 • 2.3.4 Verification Process

• 2.4 Advantages of the Proposed System

• 2.5 Feasibility Study

• Chapter 3: System Specifications

• 3.1 Functional Requirements

• 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements

• 3.3 Software Requirements

• 3.4 Hardware Requirements

• Chapter 4: Technology Used

• 4.1 Overview of Blockchain Technology

• 4.2 Overview of Ethereum and Smart Contracts

• 4.3 Overview of MetaMask

• 4.4 Overview of Web3.js

• Chapter 5: Literature Review

• 5.1 Introduction to Certificate Verification

• 5.2 Overview of Existing Solutions

• 5.3 Comparison with the Proposed System

• 5.4 Research Papers and Studies Referenced

• Chapter 6: System Design

• 6.1 System Architecture

• 6.2 Use Case Diagram

• 6.3 Sequence Diagram

 • 6.4 Data Flow Diagram

• Chapter 7: Implementation & Testing

• 7.1 Implementation of Frontend

• 7.2 Implementation of Backend

• 7.3 Blockchain Integration

• 7.4 Testing and Validation

• Chapter 8: Conclusion

• Future Scope

• References
 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Project Overview

In an increasingly digital world, the verification of certificates and credentials has become a critical
concern for educational institutions, employers, and professional organizations. Traditional
methods of certificate verification are often fraught with challenges, including the potential for
fraud, time-consuming manual processes, and a lack of transparency. This project proposes a
blockchain-based solution for certificate verification that leverages the security and immutability
of blockchain technology. By allowing organizations to upload certificates to a decentralized
ledger, we can ensure that the authenticity of these documents can be easily verified by any party.
Users will authenticate their identity using a crypto wallet, specifically MetaMask, to securely
upload their certificates. The system will then process the uploaded data and store relevant
information on the blockchain, enabling a streamlined and secure verification process.

1.2 Problem Statement

The current landscape of certificate verification is plagued by issues such as forgery, inefficiency,
and a lack of trust in the verification process. Many organizations rely on outdated methods that
require manual checks and extensive paperwork, leading to delays and increased costs.
Additionally, the rise of online courses and certifications has made it easier for individuals to create
fraudulent certificates, undermining the credibility of legitimate credentials. This project addresses
these challenges by implementing a blockchain-based solution that provides a secure, efficient,
and transparent method for verifying certificates, thereby reducing the risk of fraud and enhancing
trust in the verification process.

1.3 Objectives of the Project

The primary objectives of this project are as follows:

1. To develop a secure platform for certificate verification that utilizes blockchain technology
to store and manage certificate data.
 2. To enable organizations to authenticate their identity through a crypto wallet, ensuring that
only legitimate entities can upload certificates.

3. To create a user-friendly interface that allows individuals and organizations to easily verify
the authenticity of certificates by uploading them to the platform.

4. To enhance the overall efficiency of the certificate verification process, reducing the time
and resources required for manual verification.

5. To provide a transparent and immutable record of all verified certificates, fostering trust
among users and organizations.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The scope of this project encompasses the development of a blockchain-based certificate

verification system that targets educational institutions, training organizations, and professional
certification bodies. The project will focus on the following key areas:

• User Authentication: Implementing a secure login mechanism using MetaMask, allowing

organizations to authenticate their identity through their crypto wallets.

• Certificate Upload: Enabling organizations to upload certificates to the platform, which

will then be processed and stored on the blockchain.

• Verification Process: Allowing users to verify the authenticity of certificates by uploading

them to the platform, which will check the records stored on the blockchain.

• Data Storage: Storing only essential metadata related to the certificates on the blockchain,
rather than the certificates themselves, to maintain privacy and security.

• User Interface: Developing a user-friendly interface for both organizations and individuals
to facilitate easy interaction with the system.

The project will not cover the development of a mobile application or integration with third-party
educational platforms, as it will focus primarily on the web-based application for certificate
verification.

1.5 Significance of the Project

The significance of this project lies in its potential to revolutionize the way certificates are verified
in various sectors. By leveraging blockchain technology, the project aims to:

• Enhance Security: Provide a secure method for storing and verifying certificates,
significantly reducing the risk of forgery and fraud.

• Increase Efficiency: Streamline the verification process, saving time and resources for
both organizations and individuals.

• Foster Trust: Build trust among employers, educational institutions, and individuals by
providing a transparent and immutable record of verified certificates.

• Support Lifelong Learning: Encourage the growth of online education and professional
development by providing a reliable method for verifying credentials, thus promoting
lifelong learning.

Overall, this project addresses a critical need in the digital age, where the authenticity of credentials
is paramount for career advancement and educational opportunities.

1.6 Methodology Overview

The methodology for this project involves several key steps to ensure the successful development
and implementation of the blockchain-based certificate verification system:

1. Research and Analysis: Conducting a thorough analysis of existing certificate verification

methods and identifying their limitations. This will include a review of relevant literature
and case studies.

2. System Design: Designing the architecture of the system, including the user interface,
backend processes, and blockchain integration. This phase will involve creating diagrams
such as use case diagrams and data flow diagrams to visualize the system's functionality.

3. Development: Implementing the system using appropriate technologies, including

blockchain platforms (e.g., Ethereum), smart contracts, and web development frameworks.
The frontend will be developed to ensure a user-friendly experience.
 4. Testing: Conducting rigorous testing of the system to identify and resolve any issues. This
will include unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing to ensure the
system meets the specified requirements.

5. Deployment: Launching the system for use by organizations and individuals, along with
providing documentation and support for users.

6. Evaluation and Feedback: Gathering feedback from users to evaluate the system's
effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. This will inform future updates and
enhancements to the platform.

By following this methodology, the project aims to create a robust and reliable certificate
verification system that meets the needs of its users.
 Chapter 2: System Analysis

2.1 Existing System

Several systems currently facilitate certificate verification, with notable examples including
Blockcerts and Verifiable Credentials.

• Blockcerts: An open standard for issuing and verifying blockchain-based certificates,

Blockcerts allows educational institutions to create digital credentials. However, it requires
users to install specific software for verification, which can hinder accessibility and user
experience. Additionally, it stores entire certificates on the blockchain, raising privacy
concerns.

• Verifiable Credentials: This W3C standard enables decentralized issuance and

verification of credentials. While it provides a robust framework, the complexity of its
implementation can be a barrier for non-technical users. Like Blockcerts, it often involves
storing extensive data, which may not be necessary for verification.

Both systems aim to enhance security and trust in certificate verification but face challenges related
to user-friendliness and efficiency.

2.2 Limitations of the Existing System

The existing systems exhibit several limitations:

1. User Experience: Current solutions often lack intuitive interfaces, making the verification
process cumbersome for users.

2. Data Storage: Storing entire certificates on the blockchain raises privacy concerns, as
sensitive information may be exposed.
 3. Verification Complexity: The processes for verifying certificates can be time-consuming
and require technical knowledge, deterring potential users.

4. Integration with Modern Technologies: Many existing systems do not leverage

contemporary web technologies, limiting their adaptability and responsiveness.

5. Hashing and Data Integrity: Existing systems may not adequately emphasize the
importance of hash integrity in verification. The proposed system will utilize SHA3-256
hashing to ensure that any modification to a certificate results in a different hash, enhancing
security.

By addressing these limitations, the proposed blockchain-based certificate verification system

aims to provide a more efficient, secure, and user-friendly solution for verifying credentials.

2.3 Proposed System

The proposed system aims to enhance the certificate verification process by leveraging blockchain
technology to ensure security, efficiency, and user-friendliness. The system consists of several key
components:

2.3.1 User Authentication via MetaMask

User authentication is facilitated through MetaMask, a widely used crypto wallet that allows users
to manage their Ethereum accounts. Organizations will log in to the system by connecting their
MetaMask wallet, which requires them to sign a nonce. This process verifies that the user possesses
the private key associated with their public address, ensuring secure access to the platform. By
utilizing MetaMask, the system enhances security while providing a familiar interface for users
accustomed to blockchain technology.

2.3.2 Certificate Upload and Processing

Once authenticated, organizations can upload certificates to the platform. The system will compute
a hash of the uploaded certificate file using the SHA3-256 algorithm, ensuring data integrity.
Essential metadata, such as the certificate holder's name, course details, and issuance date, will be
extracted from the file. This information, along with the computed hash, will be prepared for
storage on the blockchain.
2.3.3 Blockchain Storage

The proposed system will utilize the Ethereum blockchain for storing certificate data. Instead of
storing the entire certificate file, only the relevant metadata and the computed hash will be recorded
on the blockchain. This approach not only preserves privacy by keeping sensitive information off
the public ledger but also ensures that any alterations to the certificate can be detected through
hash verification. The use of smart contracts will facilitate the automated management of
certificate records, enhancing the system's efficiency.

2.3.4 Verification Process

For verification, users can upload a certificate to the platform. The system will compute the hash
of the uploaded file and compare it against the records stored on the blockchain. If a matching hash
is found, the system will confirm the certificate's validity; otherwise, it will indicate that the
certificate is invalid. This process ensures that even minor modifications to the certificate will
result in a different hash, thereby preventing forgery and enhancing trust in the verification process.

2.4 Advantages of the Proposed System

The proposed blockchain-based certificate verification system offers several advantages over
existing solutions:

1. Enhanced Security: By utilizing blockchain technology, the system ensures that certificate
data is immutable and tamper-proof. The use of cryptographic hashing further protects
against forgery, as any alteration to the certificate will result in a different hash.

2. User-Friendly Interface: The integration of MetaMask for user authentication simplifies

the login process for organizations, making it accessible even for those with limited
technical knowledge. The streamlined certificate upload and verification processes
enhance the overall user experience.

3. Privacy Protection: Unlike existing systems that store entire certificates on the
blockchain, the proposed system only records essential metadata and hashes. This approach
safeguards sensitive information while still providing a reliable verification method.
 4. Efficiency: The automated processes for certificate upload, storage, and verification reduce
the time and resources required for manual checks. Organizations can quickly verify
credentials, leading to faster decision-making.

5. Transparency and Trust: The use of a decentralized ledger fosters trust among users and
organizations. The transparent nature of blockchain allows for easy verification of
certificate authenticity, enhancing the credibility of the issuing organizations.

6. Scalability: The system is designed to accommodate a growing number of users and

certificates, making it suitable for various educational institutions and professional
organizations.

2.5 Feasibility Study

A feasibility study was conducted to assess the viability of the proposed system in terms of
technical, economic, and operational aspects:

1. Technical Feasibility: The proposed system leverages established technologies such as

Ethereum, Solidity for smart contracts, and Django for backend development. The
integration of MetaMask for user authentication is well-supported and widely used in the
blockchain community. The technical requirements for implementing the system are
achievable with the current technology stack.

2. Economic Feasibility: The initial development costs are justified by the long-term benefits
of reduced verification times and increased security. The potential for widespread adoption
among educational institutions and organizations seeking to enhance their credential
verification processes presents a strong economic case for the project.

3. Operational Feasibility: The system is designed to be user-friendly, minimizing the need

for extensive training for organizations and users. The integration of familiar tools like
MetaMask and a straightforward interface will facilitate smooth adoption. Additionally, the
system can be implemented alongside existing processes, allowing organizations to
transition gradually.
In conclusion, the proposed blockchain-based certificate verification system is technically sound,
economically viable, and operationally feasible, making it a promising solution for enhancing the
security and efficiency of certificate verification.
 Chapter 3: System Specifications

3.1 Functional Requirements

The functional requirements outline the specific functionalities that the proposed certificate
verification system must provide:

1. User Authentication: The system must allow organizations to authenticate their identity
using MetaMask, requiring them to sign a nonce to verify ownership of their crypto wallet.

2. Certificate Upload: Users must be able to upload certificate files in various formats,
including documents (e.g., PDF, DOCX) and images (e.g., JPEG, PNG).

3. Hash Computation: The system must compute a SHA3-256 hash of the uploaded
certificate file to ensure data integrity.

4. Metadata Extraction: The system must extract essential metadata from the uploaded
certificate, including the certificate holder's name, course details, and issuance date.

5. Blockchain Storage: The system must store the computed hash and relevant metadata on
the Ethereum blockchain using smart contracts.

6. Verification Process: Users must be able to upload a certificate for verification, and the
system must compare the computed hash against the records stored on the blockchain.

7. User Interface: The system must provide a user-friendly interface for both organizations
and individuals to facilitate easy navigation and interaction.

8. Error Handling: The system must provide clear error messages and guidance for users in
case of failed uploads or verification attempts.

3.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements define the quality attributes of the system:

1. Performance: The system must process certificate uploads and verifications within a
reasonable time frame (e.g., under 5 seconds for hash computation and verification).
 2. Scalability: The system must be able to handle an increasing number of users and
certificate uploads without significant degradation in performance.

3. Security: The system must ensure the confidentiality and integrity of user data, employing
encryption for sensitive information and secure authentication methods.

4. Usability: The user interface must be intuitive and easy to navigate, allowing users to
complete tasks with minimal training.

5. Reliability: The system must be available and operational 99.9% of the time, with robust
backup and recovery mechanisms in place.

6. Maintainability: The system must be designed for easy updates and maintenance,
allowing for the addition of new features and improvements over time.

3.3 Software Requirements

The software requirements specify the tools and technologies needed to develop and run the
system:

1. Blockchain Platform: Ethereum for deploying smart contracts and storing certificate data.

2. Smart Contract Language: Solidity for writing the smart contracts that manage certificate
records.

3. Backend Framework: Django for developing the backend services and handling user
authentication and data processing.

4. Frontend Technologies: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the initial frontend development,
with React for building a more dynamic and responsive user interface.

5. Database: A relational database (e.g., PostgreSQL) for storing user information and
application data that does not require blockchain storage.

6. Development Tools: Ganache for local blockchain development and testing, and Web3.js
for interacting with the Ethereum blockchain from the frontend.

3.4 Hardware Requirements

The hardware requirements outline the necessary infrastructure to support the system:

1. Server: A dedicated server or cloud-based infrastructure (e.g., AWS, Azure) to host the
backend application and database.

2. Development Machines: Computers for developers with sufficient processing power and
memory to run development tools and local blockchain environments.

3. Network Infrastructure: Reliable internet connectivity to ensure seamless interaction

with the Ethereum blockchain and access to the application by users.

4. Backup Solutions: External storage or cloud backup solutions to ensure data redundancy
and recovery in case of hardware failure.
 Chapter 4: Technology Used

4.1 Overview of Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed ledger system that enables secure and
transparent record-keeping. It consists of a chain of blocks, each containing a list of transactions.
Key characteristics of blockchain technology include:

• Decentralization: Unlike traditional databases that are controlled by a central authority,

blockchain operates on a peer-to-peer network, reducing the risk of single points of failure
and enhancing security.

• Immutability: Once data is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted

without consensus from the network participants. This feature ensures the integrity of the
data.

• Transparency: All transactions on the blockchain are visible to participants in the network,
promoting trust and accountability.

• Cryptographic Security: Blockchain employs cryptographic techniques to secure data

and control the creation of new blocks, ensuring that only authorized users can make
changes.

These characteristics make blockchain technology particularly suitable for applications requiring
secure and verifiable transactions, such as certificate verification.

4.2 Overview of Ethereum and Smart Contracts

Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy smart
contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). Key features of Ethereum include:

• Smart Contracts: These are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement
directly written into code. Smart contracts automatically execute actions when predefined
conditions are met, eliminating the need for intermediaries.
 • Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): The EVM is a runtime environment for executing
smart contracts on the Ethereum network. It allows developers to write contracts in various
programming languages, primarily Solidity.

• Token Standards: Ethereum supports various token standards, such as ERC-20 and ERC-
721, enabling the creation of fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for various
applications.

In the context of the proposed system, Ethereum serves as the underlying blockchain for storing
certificate data and managing the verification process through smart contracts.

4.3 Overview of MetaMask

MetaMask is a popular cryptocurrency wallet and browser extension that allows users to interact
with the Ethereum blockchain. Key features of MetaMask include:

• User-Friendly Interface: MetaMask provides an intuitive interface for managing

Ethereum accounts, making it accessible for both novice and experienced users.

• Secure Key Management: MetaMask securely stores users' private keys and allows them
to sign transactions without exposing their keys to the web.

• DApp Integration: MetaMask enables users to connect to decentralized applications

(DApps) directly from their web browsers, facilitating seamless interactions with
blockchain-based services.

In the proposed system, MetaMask is used for user authentication, allowing organizations to
securely log in and upload certificates while ensuring that only authorized users can access the
platform.
4.4 Overview of Web3.js

Web3.js is a JavaScript library that provides an interface for interacting with the Ethereum
blockchain and smart contracts. Key features of Web3.js include:

• Blockchain Interaction: Web3.js allows developers to connect to Ethereum nodes, send

transactions, and interact with smart contracts from web applications.

• Event Handling: The library supports event listeners, enabling applications to respond to
blockchain events, such as changes in contract state or new transactions.

• User Account Management: Web3.js facilitates the management of user accounts and
transactions, allowing for seamless integration with wallets like MetaMask.

In the proposed system, Web3.js is utilized to enable communication between the frontend
application and the Ethereum blockchain, facilitating certificate uploads, hash computations, and
verification processes.
 Chapter 5: Literature Review

5.1 Introduction to Certificate Verification

Certificate verification is a critical process in various sectors, including education, professional

training, and employment. It serves to confirm the authenticity of credentials issued by educational
institutions or organizations. Traditional methods of verification often involve manual checks,
which can be time-consuming and prone to errors. As the demand for digital credentials increases,
there is a growing need for efficient and secure verification methods that can prevent fraud and
ensure the integrity of certificates. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution,
offering a decentralized and tamper-proof method for storing and verifying certificates.

5.2 Overview of Existing Solutions

Several existing solutions have been developed to address the challenges of certificate verification:

• Blockcerts: An open standard for issuing and verifying blockchain-based certificates,

Blockcerts allows educational institutions to create digital credentials that can be easily
verified. However, it requires users to download specific software for verification, which
can hinder accessibility.

• Verifiable Credentials: This W3C standard enables decentralized issuance and

verification of credentials. While it provides a robust framework, the complexity of its
implementation can be a barrier for non-technical users. Additionally, it often involves
storing extensive data, which may not be necessary for verification.

• Digital Badges: Many organizations have adopted digital badges as a way to represent
achievements and skills. These badges can be verified through various platforms, but they
may lack the security and immutability offered by blockchain technology.

While these solutions aim to enhance the security and efficiency of certificate verification, they
often face challenges related to user experience, data privacy, and the complexity of the verification
process.
5.3 Comparison with the Proposed System

The proposed blockchain-based certificate verification system offers several advantages over
existing solutions:

1. User Experience: The integration of MetaMask for user authentication simplifies the login
process, making it more accessible compared to systems like Blockcerts that require
specific software installations.

2. Data Privacy: Unlike existing systems that store entire certificates on the blockchain, the
proposed system only records essential metadata and hashes. This approach protects
sensitive information while still providing a reliable verification method.

3. Efficiency: The automated processes for certificate upload, storage, and verification in the
proposed system reduce the time and resources required for manual checks, enhancing
overall efficiency.

4. Security: By utilizing SHA3-256 hashing and blockchain technology, the proposed system
ensures that any alterations to a certificate can be detected, significantly reducing the risk
of forgery.

5. Scalability: The proposed system is designed to accommodate a growing number of users

and certificates, making it suitable for various educational institutions and professional
organizations.

5.4 Research Papers and Studies Referenced

In developing the proposed system, insights were drawn from various research papers and studies,
including a notable paper titled "Blockchain-Based Certificate Verification" published in 2012 in
the International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IJFANS). This paper discusses the
potential of blockchain technology in enhancing the security and efficiency of certificate
verification processes. It highlights the importance of decentralization and immutability in
preventing fraud and ensuring the integrity of credentials. The findings from this research have
informed the design and implementation of the proposed system, emphasizing the need for a user-
friendly and secure solution for certificate verification.
 Chapter 6: System Design

6.1 System Architecture

The system architecture delineates the structure of the proposed blockchain-based certificate
verification system, comprising three primary components: the frontend, backend, and blockchain
layer.

• Frontend: The user interface is developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, with React
integrated for enhanced interactivity. This component enables users to authenticate via
MetaMask, upload certificates, and initiate verification requests.

• Backend: Built on the Django framework, the backend manages user authentication,
processes certificate uploads, and facilitates interactions with the blockchain. It is
responsible for extracting metadata from the uploaded certificates and computing their
hashes.

• Blockchain Layer: The Ethereum blockchain functions as the decentralized ledger for
storing certificate metadata and hashes. Smart contracts are deployed to oversee the storage
and retrieval of certificate records, ensuring data integrity and security.

This architecture guarantees seamless communication between the frontend and backend, as well
as secure interactions with the blockchain.

6.2 Use Case Diagram

The use case diagram illustrates the interactions between users (organizations and individuals) and
the system. Key use cases include:

• User Authentication: Organizations authenticate using their MetaMask wallet.

• Verification Process: Organizations must first be verified by the system to confirm their
legitimacy before they can issue certificates.

• Certificate Upload: Once verified, organizations can upload certificates to the system.

• Hash Computation: The system computes the hash of the uploaded certificate.
 • Verification Request: Individuals upload certificates for verification.

• Verification Response: The system responds with the verification result.

This diagram aids in visualizing the primary functionalities of the system and the roles of different
users .
6.3 Sequence Diagram

The sequence diagram outlines the flow of interactions during the certificate upload and
verification processes. Key steps include:

1. User Authentication: The organization connects their MetaMask wallet and signs a nonce
to verify their identity.

2. Verification Process: The organization is verified by the system to ensure legitimacy.

3. Certificate Upload: Once verified, the organization uploads a certificate file.

4. Hash Computation: The backend computes the SHA3-256 hash of the uploaded file.

5. Metadata Extraction: The backend extracts relevant metadata from the certificate.

6. Blockchain Storage: The backend stores the hash and metadata on the Ethereum
blockchain via a smart contract.

7. Verification Process: For verification, individuals upload a certificate, and the system
computes the hash and checks it against the blockchain records.

8. Verification Response:The system returns the verification report to the user.

This diagram provides a clear representation of the interactions and the order of operations within
the system.

6.4 Data Flow Diagram

The data flow diagram illustrates how data moves through the system during the certificate upload
and verification processes. Key components include:

• Input: Certificate files uploaded by organizations and individuals.

• Processes:

• Hash computation and metadata extraction.

• Storage of data on the blockchain.

• Verification of uploaded certificates.

• Output: Verification results returned to users.

The data flow diagram helps visualize the flow of information and the interactions between
different components of the system, ensuring clarity in the design and implementation phases.
 Chapter 7: Implementation & Testing

7.1 Implementation of Frontend

The frontend of the certificate verification system is developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript,
with React for enhanced user interactivity. The user interface is designed to be intuitive, allowing
users to easily navigate through the authentication, certificate upload, and verification processes.

• MetaMask Integration: The frontend utilizes Web3.js to interact with the MetaMask
wallet. This integration allows users to connect their wallets securely, enabling them to
authenticate their identity and sign transactions. The user experience is enhanced by
providing clear prompts and feedback during the authentication process.
. Certificate Upload Interface: Users can upload various document types, including

images and PDFs. The interface includes file input fields and validation checks to ensure
that only valid files are uploads.
. Verification Request: After uploading a certificate, users can initiate a verification request,
which triggers the backend processes.

7.2 Implementation of Backend

The backend is built using Django, a robust web framework that facilitates rapid development and
clean design. The backend handles user authentication, processes certificate uploads, and manages
interactions with the blockchain.
 • User Authentication: The backend verifies the legitimacy of organizations by checking
their MetaMask wallet addresses against a database of verified entities. This step is crucial
to ensure that only authorized organizations can issue certificates.

• Certificate Processing: Upon receiving an uploaded certificate, the backend extracts

relevant metadata (such as the certificate title, recipient name, and issue date) and computes
the SHA3-256 hash of the file. This hash serves as a unique identifier for the certificate.

• Lightweight Design: The system is designed to be lightweight, focusing on computing

hashes and verifying relevant records in the blockchain. This approach minimizes resource
usage and enhances performance, allowing for quick processing and verification.

• Database Management: Django's ORM is used to manage the storage of user data and
certificate metadata in a relational database, ensuring efficient data retrieval and
management.

7.3 Blockchain Integration

The integration with the Ethereum blockchain is facilitated using the Web3.py library, which
allows the backend to interact with smart contracts deployed on the blockchain.

• Smart Contract Development: Smart contracts are written in Solidity and compiled using
the Solc (Solidity Compiler). These contracts manage the storage and retrieval of certificate
records on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and security.

• Deployment: The compiled smart contracts are deployed to the Ethereum blockchain using
Web3.py, allowing the backend to call contract functions for storing and retrieving
certificate data.

• Data Storage: When a certificate is uploaded, the backend sends the computed hash and
metadata to the smart contract, which stores this information on the blockchain. This
decentralized storage ensures that the certificate records are tamper-proof and easily
verifiable.

7.4 Testing and Validation

Testing is a critical phase in the development process to ensure the system functions as intended
and meets user requirements.

• Unit Testing: Individual components of the backend and frontend are tested using Django's
built-in testing framework and JavaScript testing libraries. This includes testing user
authentication, certificate upload functionality, and hash computation.

• Integration Testing: The interactions between the frontend, backend, and blockchain are
tested to ensure seamless communication. This includes verifying that the frontend
correctly interacts with MetaMask and that the backend successfully communicates with
the Ethereum blockchain.

• User Acceptance Testing (UAT): A group of end-users is invited to test the system in a
controlled environment. Feedback is collected to identify any usability issues or bugs that
need to be addressed before the final deployment.

• Performance Testing: The system is tested for performance under various load conditions
to ensure it can handle multiple simultaneous users without degradation in performance.

• Validation: The final step involves validating the entire system against the initial project
requirements to ensure that all functionalities are working as expected and that the system
is ready for deployment.
 Chapter 8: Conclusion
The blockchain-based certificate verification system presented in this report addresses a critical
need for secure and reliable credential verification in an increasingly digital world. By leveraging
the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, the system ensures that certificates issued by
organizations are tamper-proof and easily verifiable, thereby enhancing trust and transparency in
the certification process.

The implementation of the system involved a well-structured architecture comprising a user-

friendly frontend, a robust backend built with Django, and a secure blockchain layer utilizing
Ethereum. The integration of MetaMask for user authentication and the use of Web3.js and
Web3.py for blockchain interactions further streamline the user experience and ensure secure
transactions.

Key features of the system include:

• User Authentication: Organizations must authenticate through their MetaMask wallets,

ensuring that only verified entities can issue certificates.

• Certificate Upload and Hashing: The system allows organizations to upload various
document types, computes their SHA3-256 hashes, and stores relevant metadata on the
blockchain.

• Verification Process: Individuals can easily verify certificates by uploading them, with the
system checking the computed hash against the records stored on the blockchain.
The lightweight design of the system, focusing on hash computation and blockchain verification,
contributes to its efficiency and performance, making it suitable for real-world applications.

Importantly, this system is not limited to educational certificates; it can be adapted for use in
various sectors, including healthcare, business, government, and more. By securely storing any
digital record, such as medical records, business licenses, or government-issued documents, the
system can enhance the integrity and accessibility of critical information across multiple domains.

In conclusion, this project not only demonstrates the feasibility of using blockchain for certificate
verification but also sets the stage for future enhancements. Potential improvements could include
the integration of additional features such as automated notifications for certificate expiration,
enhanced user interfaces, and broader support for various document types. As the demand for
secure digital credentials continues to grow, this system provides a solid foundation for further
development and adoption in diverse fields, promoting trust and efficiency in digital record
management.

Future Scope

The blockchain-based certificate verification system developed in this project lays a strong
foundation for future enhancements and broader applications across various sectors. The following
areas represent potential avenues for further development:

1. Expanded Document Types: While the current system supports various document types,
future iterations could include support for additional formats, such as digital signatures,
transcripts, and licenses, thereby broadening its applicability.

2. Integration with Other Blockchains: Exploring interoperability with other blockchain

networks could enhance the system's versatility. This would allow for cross-chain
verification and the ability to leverage different blockchain features, such as lower
transaction fees or faster processing times.

3. Automated Notifications and Reminders: Implementing automated notifications for

certificate expiration or renewal could improve user engagement and ensure that
organizations and individuals remain informed about their credentials.
 4. Enhanced User Experience: Future versions could focus on improving the user interface
and experience, possibly by incorporating advanced features such as mobile applications,
chatbots for support, and more intuitive navigation.

5. Data Analytics and Reporting: Integrating data analytics capabilities could provide
organizations with insights into certificate issuance and verification trends, helping them
make informed decisions regarding credential management.

6. Regulatory Compliance: As regulations around data privacy and security evolve, future
developments could focus on ensuring compliance with relevant laws, such as GDPR or
HIPAA, particularly for sensitive information in sectors like healthcare.

7. Decentralized Identity Solutions: The system could evolve into a broader decentralized
identity management solution, allowing users to manage their digital identities securely
and share verified credentials with third parties without compromising privacy.

8. Partnerships with Educational Institutions and Organizations: Collaborating with

educational institutions, professional organizations, and government bodies could facilitate
the widespread adoption of the system, establishing it as a standard for digital credential
verification.

9. Research and Development: Ongoing research into emerging technologies, such as zero-
knowledge proofs and advanced cryptographic techniques, could enhance the security and
privacy of the system, making it even more robust against potential threats.

In summary, the future scope of the blockchain-based certificate verification system is vast, with
numerous opportunities for enhancement and expansion. By addressing these areas, the system
can evolve to meet the growing demand for secure, efficient, and reliable digital credential
management across various sectors.