Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Automatic Security Light and Alarm

Using Arduino and PIR Sensor
M. Sushmasri1; Mohameed Jameel2
Lecturer in ECE
Government Polytechnic
Vikarabad, Telangana, India

Abstract:- Now a day’s Security is the main aspect in propels this security solution into the realm of smart home
our day to day life and based on the realm of Arduino and IoT applications.
and PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor we developed a
project to create an intelligent lighting system with In essence, the automatic security lights using
alarm. This combination of Arduino and PIR sensor Arduino and PIR sensor represent a convergence of
leads to an automatic room lighting solution. The setup technology and security needs. By seamlessly combining
allows lights to seamlessly respond to human presence, detection, response, and adaptability, this system provides a
enhancing both convenience and energy efficiency in proactive and intelligent layer of protection for our living
our living space. Let's explore how this innovative and working spaces in an ever-evolving security landscape.
combination transforms a traditional room into a smart
and responsive environment. A. Problem Statement
Now a day’s automatic systems plays a vital role in
Keywords:- Arduino UNO, PIR Sensor, LED. human life in each and every aspect. This automatic system
majorly useful to the physically handicapped people where
I. INTRODUCTION they cannot dependent on others. In this regard we came
across one application on automatic system is Automatic
In an era where security is paramount, leveraging Room Security Light System. This project is designed by
technological advancements to fortify our surroundings has main components Arduino UNO and PIR sensor. Based on
become imperative. One such innovative solution is the human motion the lights can switch ON/OFF. The same
integration of automatic security lights using Arduino and concept was implemented like hand dryers, toilet flush
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors [1]. This amalgamation of valves etc.
electronics and sensing technology serves as a robust
foundation for enhancing security measures in both B. Necessity of Project
residential and commercial spaces. The core components of Automatic security lights and alarms using Arduino
this system include Arduino, a versatile microcontroller, and PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors serve several important
and PIR sensors designed to detect infrared radiation purposes. They enhance security by:
emitted by moving objects. The synergy between these
elements empowers the creation of an intelligent security  Intruder Detection
lighting system that responds dynamically to the presence  Quick Response
of potential intruders.  Energy Efficiency
 Cost-Effectiveness
The fundamental principle revolves around the PIR  Customization
sensor's ability to sense changes in infrared radiation within  Deterrence Factor
its field of view. When motion is detected, the Arduino
 Remote Monitoring
microcontroller orchestrates the activation of security
 Versatility
lights, flooding the area with illumination and serving as a
visual deterrent. This immediate response not only alerts
In summary, the necessity of automatic security lights
occupants but also discourages unauthorized access.
and alarms using Arduino and PIR sensors lies in their
ability to provide effective, efficient, and customizable
Beyond its fundamental functionality, the system
security solutions for various applications, ranging from
offers a spectrum of advantages. It promotes energy
homes to businesses.
efficiency by activating lights only when needed, cutting
down on unnecessary consumption. The cost-effectiveness
and versatility of the Arduino platform enable
customization, allowing users to tailor the system to their
specific requirements. Moreover, the potential for
integration with additional features, such as alarms, remote
monitoring, and connectivity to other smart devices,

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION A. Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO is open source platform where
 The Major Components Required to Design this Project hardware components are required and also software
are: program is needed. An Arduino board can be purchased
preassembled or, because the hardware design is open
A. Arduino UNO source, built by hand is shown in “Fig.1”. A pre-assembled
B. PIR Sensor Arduino board includes a microcontroller, which is
C. LED programmed using Arduino programming language and the
D. Jumpers Arduino development environment. Arduino programming
language is a simplified from of C/C++ programming
language based on what Arduino calls "sketches," which
use basic programming structures, variables and functions.
These are then converted into a C++ program[2].

Fig 1: Arduino

Arduino board is an open-source based on outputs), 6 analog inputs. The feature of Arduino Uno is
ATmega328P microcontroller IC. It consisted of 14 digital shown in Table I.
input and output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM

Table 1: Features of Arduino UNO

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50mA
Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

The “fig 2” represents the pin diagram of Microcontroller IC present in the Arduino UNO. The microcontroller IC
Atmega328p consists of 28 pins.

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 2: Pin Diagram

B. PIR Sensor  Pinout

A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor detects changes in Wiring the PIR motion sensor to an Arduino is pretty
infrared radiation, commonly used in motion detection straightforward – the sensor has only 3 pins.
applications. It's passive because it doesn't emit energy
but detects variations in heat [3]. When motion occurs, the
sensor detects the change in heat signatures, triggering a  GND – connect to ground
response. PIR sensors are widely used in security systems,  OUT – connect to an Arduino digital pin
lighting control, and smart home devices. Adjusting  5V – connect to 5V
sensitivity and placement are crucial for optimal  Detection distance range of PIR Sensor is 25cm to 20
performance. The basic PIR sensor is shown in “fig 3”.
C. LED
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a widely used standard
source of light in electrical equipment. The “fig 4 (a)”
represents the LED and “fig 4 (b)” represents the symbol of
LED [4]. It has a wide range of applications ranging from
your mobile phone to large advertising billboards. They
mostly find applications in devices that show the time and
display different types of data. Light-emitting diodes
(LEDs) are promising lighting sources for general lighting
applications with the promise of being more than ten times
as efficient as incandescent lighting. Such characteristic
combined with their long operating life and reliability has
made them becoming a potential choice for next generation
of lighting systems including automotive, emergency,
backlight, indoor, and outdoor.

Fig 3: PIR Sensor

 PIR
The sensor in the figure above has two built-in
potentiometers to adjust the delay time (the potentiometer
at the left) and the sensitivity (the potentiometer at the
right).

Fig 4(a): LED

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The basic steps of circuit comprises into three steps
firstly connect the PIR sensor to arduino. Based on the
terminals existed in PIR connect the:

 Vcc (supply voltage) to 5v in Arduino

 GND to GND in arduino
 Out to a digital pin in arduino (D2).

Next secondly connect the next component LED to

arduino by connecting the positive terminal of LED to
Fig 4(b): LED Symbol arduino pin (D13) and negative terminal of LED to arduino
GND pin and finally the power supply of the arduino by
To ensure proper operation and to control the light using DC 9v battery.
intensity, LEDs need an efficient driver, normally
implemented by power electronics-based conversion stages, B. Software Description
to match the LED characteristics with the AC grid voltage
and to generate a controllable, high quality light. The  Arduino IDE
following Table II shows the LED voltage ratings. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable
circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a
Table 2: Led Voltage Ratings piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and
upload computer code to the physical board. The
programming language used first, the Arduino
compiler/IDE accepts C and C++ as-is. In fact many of the
libraries are written in C++. And there are steps explained
in getting started to Arduino as shown in “fig 6”.

 Open arduino 1.8.5

 Go to file menu and select new page.
 Write program.
 Compile
 Upload program to Arduino.

III. IMPLEMENTATION

A. Circuit Diagram
Implementing security lights and alarm system using
arduino and PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor involves
detecting motion and triggering corresponding actions.
Based on using the major components the circuit is
designed as shown in “fig 5”.

Fig 6: Arduino IDE

C. Advantages

 Energy Efficiency Automatic room lights help conserve

energy by turning off lights when there is no movement
detected, reducing unnecessary usage.
 Cost Savings As a result of energy efficiency, there can
Fig 5: Circuit Diagram be cost savings on electricity bills, making it an
economically beneficial solution in the long run.

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Convenience Users don't need to manually turn lights
on or off, providing convenience and a hands-free
experience as the lights respond to movement.
 Increased Lifespan of Bulbs by minimizing the time
lights are switched on, the overall lifespan of the bulbs
can be extended, reducing the frequency of
replacements.
 Enhanced Security PIR sensors can be part of a security
system, triggering lights when movement is detected.
This can deter potential intruders by creating the
illusion of an occupied space.
 Customization Arduino-based systems allow for
customization of the automation process. Users can
adjust sensitivity, duration, and other parameters Fig 8: Output of Project
according to their preferences
 Adaptability the system can adapt to different V. CONCLUSION
environments and usage patterns, providing a flexible
solution for various spaces and user needs. With automated home lighting systems you can ensure
we are getting the right amount of light as and when we
D. Applications needed it and this project helps to reduce energy usage
resulting in lower electricity bills. As nowadays enormous
 Garage lights amount of energy wasted in daily life ,with the help of this
 Bathroom lights system the energy wastage can be prevented and can be
 Hand Dyers contribute to large amount of power saving in which the
 Toilet Flushers total effective of system is more reliable.

IV. RESULTS REFERENCES

The working model of the proposed security lights [1]. Mahendran.N , Geo Joe Matthau , Veenesh.M.U,"
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
[7]. Amir Nizam Ansari, Mohamed Sedky,Neelam
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