Learning outcomes

 „Explain Emerging Technologies

 „Define Artificial Intelligence and state its branches

 „Describe common Artificial Intelligence applications

 „Differentiate the concepts of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

 „Describe Data Science and its applications

 Unit overview

 Emerging technology can be understood as a

technology that is developing and evolving fast
with a prominent socio-economic impact.
◦ Artificial intelligence

◦ Virtual reality and augmented reality

◦ Data science
 Artificial Intelligence

To what extent emerging technologies can

transform the work environment today?
 AI
 AI is a branch of computer science that deals with
the design of systems that mimic human
intelligence.

 AI systems are designed to have features that only

humans are capable of such as reasoning and
generalization.
 Cont’d
 Reasoning

◦ E.g. “My friend is either at home or in her workplace. My friend

is not in her workplace. Therefore, my friend is at home”.

 Generalizing is about applying past experiences to current

problems of similar nature.

◦ E.g. “I know how to change a wheel on my bicycle and therefore

I can use this knowledge to change the wheel on my friend’s
bicycle.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad79nYk2keg
 Cont’d
 The history of AI goes back to the 1940s, it
was in the 1950s that the term was coined.
 AI algorithms are now extensively used in a
wide range of areas including business,
medicine, and entertainment.
 Branches of AI
a. Machine Learning

 Machine Learning is the study of computer

algorithms that enable the computer to learn from
data and improve itself without being explicitly
programmed.

 Unlike conventional computer algorithms with

explicit instructions, Machine learning algorithms
allow the computer to train on sample data inputs.
 Fraud detection,
Cont’d
recommendation systems,
email spam detector, and
speech recognition are
some of the examples of
applications of machine
learning.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKcO3-6TYr0  applications of machine learning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6altVgTOf9s  speech recognition
 b. Robotics
Cont’d
 Robotics is the study of machines called
robots that substitute tasks that are
traditionally done by human beings.

 Robots used mainly in replacing human

labor in routine and mundane activities.
They are also used in environments that
are considered hazardous to human
beings like handling radioactive wastes,
underwater, and space explorations.
 Cont’d
 Nowadays, robots are used at home to do chores, assist the
elderly, monitor young children, A robot vacuum cleaner, and
more.

 A robot vacuum cleaner is a machine that sweeps carpets and

cleans floors without human intervention.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vIRxee6j0o 
 Cont’d
c. Natural Language Processing
 Enabling computers to understand written and spoken human
language in the same way human beings do.

Some of the major application areas of NLP are

 Spam Detection

 Machine translation

 Virtual assistant

 Sentiment Analysis

 Fake news identification

 Text summarization
 Spam Detection: Email service providers, like Yahoo, analyze a text in an
email to check if it is spam or not using NLP.
 Machine Translation: translation of text from one language to another
that systems, like Google Translate, do is supported by NLP.
 Virtual Assistant: voice-operated virtual assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa
and Apple’s Siri use NLP.
 Sentiment Analysis: by extracting and analyzing users’ data on social
media, it is possible to learn users’ opinions (which could be negative,
positive, or neutral) about something using NLP.
 Fake News Identification: identifying whether or not news is trustworthy
and checking the reliability of its source can be done using NLP.
 Text Summarization: summary of a large piece of document like academic
articles can be automatically done using NLP.
 Cont’d
d. Expert Systems
 Expert systems are computer programs that emulate human
experts.

 They are designed to solve problems that are normally solved by

human experts.

 Some of the fields that benefit from expert systems include medical
diagnosis, petroleum engineering, and financial investing.
 Cont’d
Three components:
 User Interface

 Knowledge Base Group

 Inference Engine. discussion
 User interface: It accepts queries from the user and
forwards them to the inference engine.

 Knowledge Base: this is the repository of knowledge

of experts in the domain area. The knowledge is organized
in the form of if-then-else rules.
◦ The knowledge contained is of both factual and heuristic

(experiential or common-sense rule) types.

 Inference Engine: this is the brain of the expert

system that produces the answer by referencing
 Homework
Describe the applications of AI

1. Online Shopping G 7. Health care G

4
Autonomous cars Space Exploration
1
2. 8.

3. Social media 9. Smart homes G

G

4. Surveillance 2 10. Banks 5

G
5. Agriculture G
11. Search engine 6

6. Customer Service 3
Application of AI
Class work: describe the following

 Online shopping  Healthcare

 Autonomous car  Space exploration

 Social media  Smart homes

 Surveillance  Banks

 Agriculture  Search engine

 Customer Service
 Application of AI
i. Online Shopping

 AI algorithms are used to dive into and process to

extract personalized data about shoppers.
 The data is with items that they are more likely
interested in, which makes efficient and enjoyable.
 ii. Autonomous Cars

 By collecting data from sources Cont’d

such as GPS, vehicle radar, and
cameras, autonomous cars can
function without the help of a
human agent.
 Although fully automated
autonomous cars are not yet
 autonomous cars have great
potential for improving road
safety.
 reduce the number of road
accidents
 Cont’d
iii. Social Media

 Social media companies, like Facebook, apply AI in

various areas such as advertising, delivery of
personalized content, facial recognition, and many
more.
 Cont’d
iv. Surveillance

 AI systems can automatically detect suspicious

behavior in real-time. This can be implemented in
places like supermarkets, military and security
stations, or any place with restricted access.
 Cont’d
v. Agriculture
 AI in agriculture include precision farming, detection
of pests, monitoring the health of soils and crops,
and the like.
 AI-based agricultural advisory systems can be built
that farmers use to be climate-ready and adjust their
farming activities accordingly.
 Cont’d
vi. Customer Service
 Due to advancements in multiple areas of AI such as NLP,
chatbots are nowadays used to provide customer
support.
A chatbot is a system that simulates human conversation
through text or voice commands.
 It is a fast and cheaper way for companies to provide
support and assistance to their customers.
 Cont’d
vii. Healthcare
 Disease diagnosis, drug
development, and hospital care
are some of the examples of
applications of AI

 AI offers in healthcare for

complex activities like surgery
 Cont’d
viii. Space Exploration
 AI and Machine Learning, are used to process data that assists space
exploration activities

 NASA, for example, uses a robot known as Robonaut to work on the

International Space Station.

 Robonaut uses many of the tools that an astronaut uses and can perform
tasks that are normally done by human beings.
 Cont’d
ix. Smart Homes
The AI systems assist in home security, household
chores, alerting of smokes, and many more.
 Cont’d
x. Banks
AI systems are used to trace the pattern in credit card
transactions and detect frauds.
 Cont’d
xi. Search Engine
Search engines use AI systems such as NLP to better
understand user search queries. determine in what order
responses are presented to users in reply to their search query.
 Homework
Activity 2.2
1. Discuss how AI systems can help social networking companies
improve their services.
2. Search and discuss in group on more examples of the application
of AI outside those covered in the textbook. Discuss the features
and debate for or against AI systems.
3. Join with a partner and let one of you take the role of supporting
autonomous cars, one against. Then discuss and debate whether they
are a good idea, or not, and why
 Augmented Reality and Virtual
Reality

 What is the difference and similarities

between AR and VR
 Augmented Reality
AR is a technology that enhances the real world by
overlaying computer-generated digital data on real-world
objects.
AR creates an engaging and dynamic user experience.
The hardware of AR includes a processor, sensors, input
devices, and a display.
 Cont’d
AR works by first capturing the picture of
the real-world object through a camera.
Then relevant information about the image
will be processed by software.
Virtual information will be finally generated
and overlaid on the object.
Group discussion

Activity 2.3

Share examples of AR applications that

you have used. Describe their features

including potential areas of improvement.

 Virtual Reality
 VR is a technology that creates a three-dimensional
computer-generated simulated environment.
 A person can interact with VR using electronic devices
such as goggles, headsets, gloves, or bodysuits.
 VR attempts to create an illusory with artificial
information
 Unlike AR,VR creates a completely immersive
experience for the user.
 how a VR creates the illusion of being in a real
environment

 Using sensors of various types, a VR

environment responds to the user’s movements
and adjusts views and perspectives in real-time.
 users touch and manipulate virtual objects by
way of data gloves equipped with force-feedback
devices.
Group discussion
Activity 2.4
1. Give examples of how different types of
training can be provided using VR.
2. Prepare a presentation on how your
school benefit from VR.
TheDifference betweenVRandAR
Application of VR and AR

 Education

 Healthcare

 Entertainment
 Education
 AR to learn various things more concretely

 complexity of some concepts can be reduced

 Students can get connected interactively with

students from different parts of the world.
 Education

AR
VR
 Healthcare

AR
VR
 Cont’d
 Physicians and medical students are trained and
taught using AR/VR technologies.
 AR improves disease diagnosis
 AR supports a surgical procedure in a low-risk and
much more accurate way.
 Tele-surgery supported by VR
 VR can be used to distract patients from stressful
 Entertainment

AR
VR
 AR creates a very interactive and
enjoyable experience for visitors.
 VR can create a completely new and
immersive experience for movie fans
 Group discussion
Activity 2.5
1. Describe the difference between Augmented Reality
and Virtual Reality.
2. Discuss among your class mates which technology,
between AR and VR, is more practical in your particular
context. Demonstrate or discuss the features and share
what you like about them. Make also suggestions for
improvements.
 Data Science
 It is an interdisciplinary field that includes areas
such as statistics, mathematics, and computer
science
 Data Science is a blend of tools, algorithms, and ML
principles used to discover and extract hidden
patterns.
 It helps to extract knowledge and insights from
structured, semi-structured and unstructured data
 Cont’d
 Data scientists use different types of algorithms to
turn data into useful insights.

 Data science is associated to Bigdata which, refers to a

huge volume of data that cannot be processed using
traditional methods, and it is characterized by volume,
variety, and velocity.

 Data science applies mathematical and statistical

approaches and computer tools for processing bigdata.
 Cont’d
 The personalization of information on social media,
Weather predictions in the agricultural, preventive
medicine in health care is achieved through the use of
data science tools.

 Data anonymization and data generalization

are some of the ways suggested for tackling
issues of data protection and privacy.
 Cont’d
 Data anonymization:- removing personally identifiable information from
data

e.g.

- For example, let’s say you have a dataset that contains customer names,
addresses, phone numbers and other PII-related information. If you were to
release this to the public, you could be violating customer privacy.

-However, if you were to remove the names and other PII-related information
from the dataset, then it would become anonymous and no longer pose a
threat to customer privacy

PII- e.g. Names, Addresses, Phone numbers, Email addresses, Social security

numbers, Financial information, Biometric data, Medical data

 Cont.
 Data generalization:- bunching data into broad
categories such as age groups and geographical
areas.
e.g. Original Data: Ages: 26, 28, 31, 33, 37, 42, 42, 46, 48,
49, 54, 57, 57, 58, 59

Generalized Data:
Ages:
20-29 (2)
30-39 (3)
40-49 (5)
50-59 (5)
Applications of data science
 Data is the oil for todays world
 To detect fraud.
 It enables you to better and faster
decision
 To recommend the right product to the
right customer
 etc.
 Video
Class work
1) What is data science?
2) Data science is extracting knowledge from
_____.
3) Data science is the intersection of different
disciplines. List three of them.
4) List four types of data analysis.
5) Illustrate data science life cycle and who
interact with them?
 Homework
Review question
I. T/F

II. MATCH

III. FILL

IV. DISCUSSION