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26 views4 pages

Notes - Population Dynamics

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vats.govil
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HIRANANDANI FOUNDATION SCHOOL, THANE

GEOGRAPHY
POPULATION DYNAMICS
STD. VIII
________________________________________________________________

A) Answer the following questions in 10- 20 words:


1. Define the term ‘overpopulation’ and ‘underpopulation’.
Ans- Overpopulation is a condition where the human population exceeds the
carrying capacity of a region. Underpopulation is a condition where the
population of a particular region is too small to fully utilise the available
resources.

2. What are the causes of overpopulation?


Ans. Causes of overpopulation are:
 Immigration – When people come from another country
 Increased birth rate – due to better medical facilities
 Decreased death rate – due to better medical facilities.
 Better medical facilities
 Lack of family planning.

3. What do you mean by growth of population? What are its components?


Ans. The growth of population refers to the positive change in the number of
population of a particular area between two points of time. Its two components
are natural growth and migration.

4. Distinguish between birth rate and death rate.


Ans.

Birth rate Death rate


1. Birth rate is the number of live Death rate is the number of deaths
births per thousand persons in a year. per thousand persons in a year.
2.High birth rate is responsible for High death rate is responsible for
overpopulation. underpopulation.

5. What is the difference between emigration and immigration?

Emigration Immigration
1. It is the process of leaving one It is the process of coming to live
country to go and live permanently permanently in another country that is
in another country. not one’s own.
2.Emigration leads to under Immigration leads to overpopulation.
population.
3. Emigration causes enough Immigration may cause stiff
opportunity to get job easily in home competition in the job market.
country.

6. What do you mean by working population?


Ans- The section of the population between 15- 64 years of age is considered to
be the working population. They are willing and eligible to work and considered
an asset for a country.

7. Define the term ‘sex ratio’.


Ans. Sex ratio means the ratio between males and females in the total
population. It is defined as the number of females per thousand males.

B) Answer the following questions in 50-60 words.

1.Why are industrial areas and large cities densely populated?


Ans. Industrial areas are densely populated because development of industries
in a region provides employment opportunities and hence attracts a large
number of people to settle there.
Large cities are also densely populated as people migrate to cities in search of
jobs, better educational and medical facilities and higher standard of living
as well.

2. Describe the type of population pyramid in Kenya.


Ans. The population pyramid in Kenya tapers at the top which means the
country has a high death rate. It has a broad base which shows high birth rate.
The country’s population consists of more children than elderly.

3. Compare the developed and the developing nations on the basis of the
growth rate of population.
Ans. The developed nations have low growth rate of population because they
have low birth rate and advanced medical facilities keep the death rate low.
Developing nations have high growth rate of population as their birth rate is
high and death rate is low due to improved medical facilities and life
expectancy.

4. What does a population pyramid show? What does its shape indicate?
Ans. A population pyramid shows the distribution of males and females of
different age groups in a particular country. The shape of the population
pyramid indicates the condition of the population of that country, the number of
dependents in a country, such as the children and the elderly, the number of the
economically active people and the birth and death rates of the population.

C) Answer the following questions in 75-100 words.


1. Mention the densely populated and the sparsely populated regions of the
world and give reasons for the same.
Ans. Eastern Asia, South and south-east Asia, Western and Central Europe and
East-Central North America are densely populated areas of the world. These
regions have level land, fertile soils, favourable climatic conditions and good
transport network. They are agriculturally developed with many large industries
and cities. Hence, they are densely populated.
Sparsely populated areas in the world are:
i) Equatorial regions, such as the Amazon and Zaire basins because of hot and
humid climate and dense forests.
ii) Ice-capped polar regions, such as Antarctica and Tundra and the high
mountainous regions, such as the Himalayas, Rockies and Andes because of
extreme coldness and uneven terrain in the mountainous regions.
iii) Hot and cold deserts, such as the Sahara, Kalahari, West Australian and
Atacama are sparsely populated because of extremes of temperature conditions
and scarcity of water.

2. Overpopulation has a serious socio- economic impact. Explain


Ans. Overpopulation has a serious socio-economic impact. Pressure of
population on the natural resources like land, water and forests is high, leading
to their depletion. Excessive industrialisation and urbanisation result in
increased levels of pollution. The cost of living is high due to expanding
difference between demand and supply and it also leads to increase in the rate of
unemployment which further results in poverty and high crime rate.
Overpopulated nations also have poor health and sanitation conditions.

3. Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of underpopulation


Ans. Advantages of Under population
Under population has several advantages:
 There are sufficient employment opportunities for everyone.
 There are lower levels of poverty.
 There are adequate educational, medical and other facilities to meet
everyone’s needs.
 There are sufficient natural resources to meet the requirements of
the population.
 There is lesser pressure on the environment, and hence, lower rates
of environmental degradation.
However, there are also some disadvantages of under population:
 The lack of adequate labour leads to low productivity.
 In some instances, a higher proportion of the population is either
too young or too old to work.
 There are lesser taxpayers, leading to low income for the
government.
 There are not enough people to develop the natural resources of the
country.

4. Describe the physical factors that affect the population of a place. (any 4)
Ans: - The physical factors that affect the distribution of population are
topography, climatic conditions, natural vegetation, type of soil, availability of
water resources and mineral resources.
Topography: The flat, level lands of plains are favourable for human habitation
and thus are densely populated. On the other hand, plateaus have comparatively
less population because of their rough terrain. The rugged relief make them
sparsely populated.
Natural vegetation: Dense forests, like those of the Amazon and Congo basins,
are inaccessible and are therefore largely uninhabited.
Availability of water resources: Most settlements grow up near sources of fresh
water like rivers and lakes.
Type of soil: Regions with fertile soils are best suited for agriculture and
therefore the river valleys have always been densely populated.

D) Why do you think so?


1. Deccan plateau in India is a moderately populated region.
Ans. Deccan plateau is a moderately populated region because there is lack of
basic facilities like water supply, transport, etc.
2. Plains and coastal areas are densely populated.
Ans. Plains and coastal areas are densely populated because these areas have
level land, fertile soils, favourable climatic conditions and good transport
network.

3. People tend to migrate from rural to urban areas.


Ans. People tend to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of employment,
better healthcare and education facilities.

4. Knowledge of the age composition of a country is essential for the


government. Why?
Ans: -Knowledge of the age composition of a country is essential for the
government to formulate policies for different age groups. It also helps the
government create facilities like hospitals and schools for people of different
age groups.

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