1.

pwd -> print working directory

2. mkdir -> to create directory

3. ls -> list cmd

4. cd -> to change directory

5. /home/dir1/dir2 -> abosolute path

6. parent directory -> ..

7. current directory -> .

8. cd .. -> go to parent directory

7. cd . -> shows current girectory

8. mv [source] [destintion] -> used to rename by move cammand

9. cat>>file_name.txt -> creating file and writing simultaneously , data will

append to previous data
use ctr t to go back in shell and save the file

10. mv file_name [source] [destination] -> to move the file

a. mv file.txt ../D1 (file from current directory will be moved to D1
directory which is in parent directory of current)
parent
current D1
11. cp [source] [destination] -> copy the file from source to destination
cp ../D1/f1.txt . (copy the file which in parent->D1->file to current
directory )

12. cp -r [source directory] [destination directory] -> copying entire file into
new directory recurrsively

13. rm file.txt -> it will delete a file from same directory

It is like a shift delete , we can't restore it again

14. rm -r D4 -> to delete whole directory recurrsively

15. rmdir D4 -> to delete empty directory

16. man [cmd] -> to get online manual help about the cammand

17. clear -> to clear the terminal window

18. which -> used to display path ofsystem executable

19. tar -> used to compress or extract files

cmd -> tar -czvf [file_name.tar.gz] [path_directory_file] ==> to compress
file gunzip format
cmd -> tar -xzvf [filr_name.tar.gz] ==> to extract file
gunzip format

20. pager cammand

a. more file_name -> used to see contents of file one screen at a time with
limited backword moment
 b. less filr_name -> it provide more flexibility with backeword and foreword
moment in file

{ less is batter than more}

21. find -> used to find the ordinary file and directories
a. find [path] -type f -name [file_name.txt] ==> this is case sensitive
b. find [path] -type f -iname [file_name.txt] ==> this will ignore case i.e.
not case sensitive
c. find [path] -type f -iname [file_name.txt] -exec rm -f {}\; ==> find file
and remove it forcefully
d. find [path] -type f -name"*.txt" ==> to find multiple file
d. find [path] -type d -name [directory_name] ==> finding directory by name
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22. Cammand Options

a. ls -l (long listing)
o/p = d rwx rwx r-x maven_user 20 june20
ftype | owner permission | group permission | other users
permission | owner | size in bytes | date of creation

b. ls -a (diaplay all hidden files)

c. rm -r ==> remove directory in recurrsive order

d. cp -r ==> copy all files in recurrsive order

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21. File permission

r-w-e -> read , write , execute
u-g-o -> owner , group , other

a. Change file permission

chmod u+x file1.txt ==> give the permission owner to execute the file
chmod u-x file1.txt ==> to remove the access from owner to execute the
file

22. grep -> find a pattern occuring in file without opening the file
grep -nr ["word to search for"] [path]

23. redirect operator

ls -l > f1.log
it will log the data into f1.log file

24. Wirldcard character

* is used to match the zero or more character match

25. Change password

passwd

26. sed -> stream editor used to text substitution , insertion , and deletion
sed 's/[original_word]/[new_word]' [path_for_file] ==> substitute only 1st
occerance
sed 's/[original_word]/[new_word]/n' [path_for_file] ==> substitute nth
occurance
sed 's/[original_word]/[new_word]/g' [path_for_file] ==> to substitute all
occurance

sed 'n s/[original_word]/[new_word]/g' [path_for_file] ==> to substitute at

nth line
sed 'n,m s/[original_word]/[new_word]/g' [path_for_file] ==> to substiute
range of line

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-------------------------------------------------- V I Editor
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1. to create vi file
vi [file_name.txt]

3 modes of VI editor
a. cammand (can't be edited)
b. insert (press i to insert)
c. cmd line mode (press Esc and :)

2 versions of VI editor
a. Vim (vi improved)
b. Gvim (graphical vi mode)==> preferred

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cammand mode cammands
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1. to delete and cut the line
go to line
press Esc and dd

2. to delete n lines sequentially

Esc + ndd

3. copy single line

Esc + yy

4. to paste once
Esc + p

5. to copy n lines
Esc + n yy

6. to paste n times
Esc + n p
7. to undo the chnages
Esc + u

8. to undo last n changes

Esc + n u

9. to copy entire paragraph

Esc + first line of para + mm + last line of para + ym -> to copy
to paste p

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cammand Line mode cammands
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1. to save the contents

Esc : w

2. to save and exit

Esc :wq

3. to set line numbers

Esc : set number

4. to jump the cutsor to line no. n

Esc :n

5. to search a pattern
Esc/pattern

6. to search and replace pattern for all lines for 1st occurance
Esc:%s/[old_word]/[new_word]

7. to search and replace pattern for all lines and all the occurance
Esc:%s/[old_word]/[new_word]/g -> g for global

8. to search and replace pattern for all lines for all occurance ignoring the case
Esc:%s/[old_word]/[new_word]/gi

9. to search and replace pattern for line number n

Esc:ns/[old_word]/[new_word]/gi

10. to search and replace pattern for range of line m to n

Esc:m,ns/[old_word]/[new_word]/gi