Scribd
Upload
2 views

Dbms Notes

Dbms

Uploaded by

prabhuyoube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Dbms Notes

Dbms

Uploaded by

prabhuyoube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Database Management System (DBMS) - Comprehensive Notes

Database Management System (DBMS) - Comprehensive Notes

1. Introduction to DBMS

- DBMS is software for storing, retrieving, and managing data in databases.

- It ensures data integrity, security, and efficient data operations.

2. Advantages of DBMS

- Data Integrity: Maintains accuracy and consistency of data.

- Data Security: Ensures unauthorized access is restricted.

- Data Redundancy Reduction: Reduces duplicate data.

- Data Sharing: Allows multiple users to access data.

- Backup and Recovery: Provides mechanisms to recover data in case of system failure.

3. Types of DBMS

- Hierarchical DBMS: Data organized in a tree structure.

- Network DBMS: Data represented as records linked by pointers.

- Relational DBMS (RDBMS): Data stored in tables; widely used.

- Object-Oriented DBMS: Data represented as objects.

4. Components of DBMS

- Hardware: Physical devices (e.g., servers, storage).

- Software: DBMS software (e.g., MySQL, Oracle).

- Data: Raw facts stored in the database.

- Users: Database administrators, developers, and end-users.


5. Database Models

- Hierarchical Model: Data organized as parent-child relationships.

- Network Model: Allows many-to-many relationships.

- Relational Model: Uses tables (relations) to store data.

- Object-Oriented Model: Combines object-oriented programming with DBMS.

6. Keys in DBMS

- Primary Key: Unique identifier for a record.

- Foreign Key: A field linking two tables.

- Candidate Key: All possible keys that can serve as a primary key.

- Composite Key: A key composed of two or more attributes.

7. Normalization

- The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve efficiency.

- Forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF.

8. SQL (Structured Query Language)

- Used to communicate with the database.

- Commands:

- DDL: Data Definition Language (CREATE, ALTER, DROP).

- DML: Data Manipulation Language (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

- DCL: Data Control Language (GRANT, REVOKE).

- TCL: Transaction Control Language (COMMIT, ROLLBACK).

9. Transactions in DBMS

- A transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit.


- Properties (ACID):

- Atomicity: All operations complete successfully, or none.

- Consistency: Database remains consistent after the transaction.

- Isolation: Concurrent transactions do not interfere.

- Durability: Changes are permanent after commit.

10. Indexing

- Improves database performance by reducing query time.

- Types: Single-level, Multi-level, Clustered, Non-clustered.

11. Concurrency Control

- Ensures correct execution of concurrent transactions.

- Techniques: Locking, Timestamp Ordering, Multiversion Concurrency Control.

12. Backup and Recovery

- Backup: Creating a copy of data for safekeeping.

- Recovery: Restoring data after loss or corruption.

13. Distributed Databases

- A database spread across multiple locations connected by a network.

- Types: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.

14. Big Data and NoSQL Databases

- Big Data: Large and complex data sets.

- NoSQL: Non-relational databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).

15. Popular DBMS Software


- MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM Db2.

Conclusion

DBMS is a critical component for managing data in modern applications, ensuring efficiency,

security, and reliability.

You might also like