Gopalan College of Engineering and Management

(Accredited by NAAC, 2(f) status by UGC & ISO 9001:2015 certified)

Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi, Karnataka
GCEM Recognised by Govt. of Karnataka

181/1, 182/1, Sonnenahalli, Hoodi, K.R.Puram, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 048
Phone No: 080 – 42229748 Email: [email protected] Website:
www.gopalancolleges.com/gcem

Program 01 : Matrix Addition

Develop a JAVA program to add TWO matrices of suitable order N (The value of N should be read
from command line arguments).

Java Code

public class MatrixAddition {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Check if the number of command line arguments is correct

if (args.length != 1) {

System.out.println("Usage: java MatrixAddition <order_N>");

return;

// Parse the command line argument to get the order N

int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

// Check if N is a positive integer

if (N <= 0) {

System.out.println("Please provide a valid positive integer for the order N.");

return;

// Create two matrices of order N

int[][] matrix1 = new int[N][N];

 int[][] matrix2 = new int[N][N];

// Fill the matrices with some sample values (you can modify this as needed)

fillMatrix(matrix1, 1);

fillMatrix(matrix2, 2);

// Print the matrices

System.out.println("Matrix 1:");

printMatrix(matrix1);

System.out.println("\nMatrix 2:");

printMatrix(matrix2);

// Add the matrices

int[][] resultMatrix = addMatrices(matrix1, matrix2);

// Print the result matrix

System.out.println("\nResultant Matrix (Matrix1 + Matrix2):");

printMatrix(resultMatrix);

// Helper method to fill a matrix with sequential values

private static void fillMatrix(int[][] matrix, int startValue) {

int value = startValue;

for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {

matrix[i][j] = value++;

}
 // Helper method to add two matrices

private static int[][] addMatrices(int[][] matrix1, int[][] matrix2) {

int N = matrix1.length;

int[][] resultMatrix = new int[N][N];

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {

resultMatrix[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];

return resultMatrix;

// Helper method to print a matrix

private static void printMatrix(int[][] matrix) {

for (int[] row : matrix) {

for (int value : row) {

System.out.print(value + "\t");

System.out.println();

In this example, the matrices are filled with sequential values for simplicity, but you can modify
the fillMatrix method to fill the matrices with any values you prefer.

Output

$ java MatrixAddition 3

Matrix 1:

1 2 3

4 5 6
7 8 9

Matrix 2:

2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10

Resultant Matrix (Matrix1 + Matrix2):

3 5 7

9 11 13

15 17 19

Program 02 : Stack Operations

Develop a stack class to hold a maximum of 10 integers with suitable methods. Develop a JAVA
main method to illustrate Stack operations.

Java Code

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Stack {

private static final int MAX_SIZE = 10;

private int[] stackArray;

private int top;

public Stack() {

stackArray = new int[MAX_SIZE];

top = -1;

public void push(int value) {

if (top < MAX_SIZE - 1) {

stackArray[++top] = value;

System.out.println("Pushed: " + value);

 } else {

System.out.println("Stack Overflow! Cannot push " + value + ".");

public int pop() {

if (top >= 0) {

int poppedValue = stackArray[top--];

System.out.println("Popped: " + poppedValue);

return poppedValue;

} else {

System.out.println("Stack Underflow! Cannot pop from an empty stack.");

return -1; // Return a default value for simplicity

public int peek() {

if (top >= 0) {

System.out.println("Peeked: " + stackArray[top]);

return stackArray[top];

} else {

System.out.println("Stack is empty. Cannot peek.");

return -1; // Return a default value for simplicity

public void display() {

if (top >= 0) {

System.out.print("Stack Contents: ");

for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++) {

System.out.print(stackArray[i] + " ");

 }

System.out.println();

} else {

System.out.println("Stack is empty.");

public boolean isEmpty() {

return top == -1;

public boolean isFull() {

return top == MAX_SIZE - 1;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Stack stack = new Stack();

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int choice;

do {

System.out.println("\nStack Menu:");

System.out.println("1. Push");

System.out.println("2. Pop");

System.out.println("3. Peek");

System.out.println("4. Display Stack Contents");

System.out.println("5. Check if the stack is empty");

System.out.println("6. Check if the stack is full");

System.out.println("0. Exit");
 System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");

choice = scanner.nextInt();

switch (choice) {

case 1:

System.out.print("Enter the value to push: ");

int valueToPush = scanner.nextInt();

stack.push(valueToPush);

break;

case 2:

stack.pop();

break;

case 3:

stack.peek();

break;

case 4:

stack.display();

break;

case 5:

System.out.println("Is the stack empty? " + stack.isEmpty());

break;

case 6:

System.out.println("Is the stack full? " + stack.isFull());

break;

case 0:

System.out.println("Exiting the program. Goodbye!");

break;

default:

System.out.println("Invalid choice. Please try again.");

} while (choice != 0);

 scanner.close();

Output

$ java Stack

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 4

Stack is empty.

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 5

Is the stack empty? true

Stack Menu:

1. Push
2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 6

Is the stack full? false

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 1

Enter the value to push: 10

Pushed: 10

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 1

Enter the value to push: 20

Pushed: 20

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 4

Stack Contents: 10 20

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 3

Peeked: 20

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 1

Enter the value to push: 30

Pushed: 30

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 4

Stack Contents: 10 20 30

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 2

Popped: 30

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek
4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 3

Peeked: 20

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 4

Stack Contents: 10 20

Stack Menu:

1. Push

2. Pop

3. Peek

4. Display Stack Contents

5. Check if the stack is empty

6. Check if the stack is full

0. Exit

Enter your choice: 0

Exiting the program. Goodbye!

Program 03 : Employee Class

A class called Employee, which models an employee with an ID, name and salary, is designed as
shown in the following class diagram. The method raiseSalary (percent) increases the salary by the
given percentage. Develop the Employee class and suitable main method for demonstration.

Java Code

public class Employee {

private int id;

private String name;

private double salary;

public Employee(int id, String name, double salary) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.salary = salary;

public void raiseSalary(double percent) {

if (percent > 0) {

double raiseAmount = salary * (percent / 100);

salary += raiseAmount;

System.out.println(name + "'s salary raised by " + percent + "%. New salary: $" + salary);

} else {

System.out.println("Invalid percentage. Salary remains unchanged.");

public String toString() {

return "Employee ID: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Salary: $" + salary;

}
 public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating an Employee object

Employee employee = new Employee(1, "John Doe", 50000.0);

// Displaying employee details

System.out.println("Initial Employee Details:");

System.out.println(employee);

// Raising salary by 10%

employee.raiseSalary(10);

// Displaying updated employee details

System.out.println("\nEmployee Details after Salary Raise:");

System.out.println(employee);

In this example, the Employee class has a constructor to initialize the employee’s ID, name, and
salary. The raiseSalary method takes a percentage as a parameter and raises the salary accordingly.
The toString method is overridden to provide a meaningful string representation of
the Employee object. The main method demonstrates the usage of the Employee class by creating
an instance, displaying its details, raising the salary, and then displaying the updated details.

Output

$ java Employee

Initial Employee Details:

Employee ID: 1, Name: John Doe, Salary: $50000.0

John Doe's salary raised by 10.0%. New salary: $55000.0

Employee Details after Salary Raise:

Employee ID: 1, Name: John Doe, Salary: $55000.0

Program 04 : 2D Point Class

A class called MyPoint, which models a 2D point with x and y coordinates, is designed as follows:

● Two instance variables x (int) and y (int).

 ● A default (or “no-arg”) constructor that construct a point at the default location of (0, 0).

● A overloaded constructor that constructs a point with the given x and y coordinates.

● A method setXY() to set both x and y.

● A method getXY() which returns the x and y in a 2-element int array.

● A toString() method that returns a string description of the instance in the format “(x, y)”.

● A method called distance(int x, int y) that returns the distance from this point to another
point at the given (x, y) coordinates

● An overloaded distance(MyPoint another) that returns the distance from this point to the
given MyPoint instance (called another)

● Another overloaded distance() method that returns the distance from this point to the
origin (0,0) Develop the code for the class MyPoint. Also develop a JAVA program (called
TestMyPoint) to test all the methods defined in the class.

MyPoint.java

public class MyPoint {

private int x;

private int y;

// Default constructor

public MyPoint() {

this.x = 0;

this.y = 0;

// Overloaded constructor

public MyPoint(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

// Set both x and y

public void setXY(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;
 this.y = y;

// Get x and y in a 2-element int array

public int[] getXY() {

return new int[]{x, y};

// Return a string description of the instance in the format "(x, y)"

public String toString() {

return "(" + x + ", " + y + ")";

// Calculate distance from this point to another point at (x, y) coordinates

public double distance(int x, int y) {

int xDiff = this.x - x;

int yDiff = this.y - y;

return Math.sqrt(xDiff * xDiff + yDiff * yDiff);

// Calculate distance from this point to another MyPoint instance (another)

public double distance(MyPoint another) {

return distance(another.x, another.y);

// Calculate distance from this point to the origin (0,0)

public double distance() {

return distance(0, 0);

TestMyPoint.java
public class TestMyPoint {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating MyPoint objects using different constructors

MyPoint point1 = new MyPoint();

MyPoint point2 = new MyPoint(3, 4);

// Testing setXY and getXY methods

point1.setXY(1, 2);

System.out.println("Point1 coordinates after setXY: " + point1.getXY()[0] + ", " +

point1.getXY()[1]);

// Testing toString method

System.out.println("Point2 coordinates: " + point2);

// Testing distance methods

System.out.println("Distance from Point1 to Point2: " + point1.distance(point2));

System.out.println("Distance from Point2 to Origin: " + point2.distance());

This TestMyPoint program creates two MyPoint objects, sets and retrieves coordinates, and tests
the various distance calculation methods. Feel free to modify and expand this code as needed.

Output

$ java TestMyPoint

Point1 coordinates after setXY: 1, 2

Point2 coordinates: (3, 4)

Distance from Point1 to Point2: 2.8284271247461903

Distance from Point2 to Origin: 5.0

Program 05 : Inheritance & Polymorphism – Shape Class

Develop a JAVA program to create a class named shape. Create three sub classes namely: circle,
triangle and square, each class has two member functions named draw () and erase ().
Demonstrate polymorphism concepts by developing suitable methods, defining member data and
main program.
Java Code

class Shape {

protected String name;

public Shape(String name) {

this.name = name;

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a " + name);

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a " + name);

class Circle extends Shape {

private double radius;

public Circle(String name, double radius) {

super(name);

this.radius = radius;

@Override

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a circle with radius " + radius);

@Override
 public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a circle with radius " + radius);

class Triangle extends Shape {

private double base;

private double height;

public Triangle(String name, double base, double height) {

super(name);

this.base = base;

this.height = height;

@Override

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a triangle with base " + base + " and height " + height);

@Override

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a triangle with base " + base + " and height " + height);

class Square extends Shape {

private double side;

public Square(String name, double side) {

super(name);
 this.side = side;

@Override

public void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a square with side length " + side);

@Override

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a square with side length " + side);

public class ShapeDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape[] shapes = new Shape[3];

shapes[0] = new Circle("Circle", 5.0);

shapes[1] = new Triangle("Triangle", 4.0, 6.0);

shapes[2] = new Square("Square", 3.0);

for (Shape shape : shapes) {

shape.draw();

shape.erase();

System.out.println();

In this program, the Shape class is the superclass, and Circle, Triangle, and Square are its subclasses.
The draw() and erase() methods are overridden in each subclass. The main method creates an array
of Shape objects and initializes it with instances of the different subclasses. When iterating through
the array and calling the draw() and erase() methods, polymorphism allows the appropriate
overridden methods in each subclass to be executed.

Output

$ java ShapeDemo

Drawing a circle with radius 5.0

Erasing a circle with radius 5.0

Drawing a triangle with base 4.0 and height 6.0

Erasing a triangle with base 4.0 and height 6.0

Drawing a square with side length 3.0

Erasing a square with side length 3.0

Program 06 : Abstract Class

Develop a JAVA program to create an abstract class Shape with abstract methods calculateArea()
and calculatePerimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the Shape class and
implement the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of each shape.

Java Code

abstract class Shape {

abstract double calculateArea();

abstract double calculatePerimeter();

class Circle extends Shape {

private double radius;

public Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;

@Override

double calculateArea() {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;

 }

@Override

double calculatePerimeter() {

return 2 * Math.PI * radius;

class Triangle extends Shape {

private double side1;

private double side2;

private double side3;

public Triangle(double side1, double side2, double side3) {

this.side1 = side1;

this.side2 = side2;

this.side3 = side3;

@Override

double calculateArea() {

// Using Heron's formula to calculate the area of a triangle

double s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2;

return Math.sqrt(s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3));

@Override

double calculatePerimeter() {

return side1 + side2 + side3;

}
public class ShapeDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating Circle and Triangle objects

Circle circle = new Circle(5.0);

Triangle triangle = new Triangle(3.0, 4.0, 5.0);

// Calculating and displaying area and perimeter

System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.calculateArea());

System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());

System.out.println("\nTriangle Area: " + triangle.calculateArea());

System.out.println("Triangle Perimeter: " + triangle.calculatePerimeter());

In this program, Shape is an abstract class with abstract

methods calculateArea() and calculatePerimeter(). The Circle and Triangle classes extend Shape and
provide their implementations for these abstract methods. The ShapeDemo class demonstrates
creating objects of these shapes and calculating their areas and perimeters.

Output

$ java ShapeDemo

Circle Area: 78.53981633974483

Circle Perimeter: 31.41592653589793

Triangle Area: 6.0

Triangle Perimeter: 12.0

Program 07 : Resizable interface

Develop a JAVA program to create an interface Resizable with methods resizeWidth(int width) and
resizeHeight(int height) that allow an object to be resized. Create a class Rectangle that
implements the Resizable interface and implements the resize methods.

Java Code

// Resizable interface

interface Resizable {
 void resizeWidth(int width);

void resizeHeight(int height);

// Rectangle class implementing Resizable interface

class Rectangle implements Resizable {

private int width;

private int height;

public Rectangle(int width, int height) {

this.width = width;

this.height = height;

// Implementation of Resizable interface

@Override

public void resizeWidth(int width) {

this.width = width;

System.out.println("Resized width to: " + width);

@Override

public void resizeHeight(int height) {

this.height = height;

System.out.println("Resized height to: " + height);

// Additional methods for Rectangle class

public int getWidth() {

return width;

}
 public int getHeight() {

return height;

public void displayInfo() {

System.out.println("Rectangle: Width = " + width + ", Height = " + height);

// Main class to test the implementation

public class ResizeDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating a Rectangle object

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 5);

// Displaying the original information

System.out.println("Original Rectangle Info:");

rectangle.displayInfo();

// Resizing the rectangle

rectangle.resizeWidth(15);

rectangle.resizeHeight(8);

// Displaying the updated information

System.out.println("\nUpdated Rectangle Info:");

rectangle.displayInfo();

In this program, the Resizable interface declares the methods resizeWidth and resizeHeight.
The Rectangle class implements this interface and provides the specific implementation for resizing
the width and height. The main method in the ResizeDemo class creates a Rectangle object, displays
its original information, resizes it, and then displays the updated information.

Output

$ java ResizeDemo

Original Rectangle Info:

Rectangle: Width = 10, Height = 5

Resized width to: 15

Resized height to: 8

Updated Rectangle Info:

Rectangle: Width = 15, Height = 8

Program 08 : Outer class

Develop a JAVA program to create an outer class with a function display. Create another class
inside the outer class named inner with a function called display and call the two functions in the
main class.

Java Code

class Outer {

void display() {

System.out.println("Outer class display method");

class Inner {

void display() {

System.out.println("Inner class display method");

public class OuterInnerDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create an instance of the Outer class

Outer outer = new Outer();

 // Call the display method of the Outer class

outer.display();

// Create an instance of the Inner class (nested inside Outer)

Outer.Inner inner = outer.new Inner();

// Call the display method of the Inner class

inner.display();

In this program, the Outer class has a method named display, and it also contains an inner class
named Inner with its own display method. In the main method of the OuterInnerDemo class, an
instance of the outer class (Outer) is created, and its display method is called. Then, an instance of
the inner class (Inner) is created using the outer class instance, and its display method is called. This
demonstrates the concept of nesting classes in Java.

Output

$ java OuterInnerDemo

Outer class display method

Inner class display method

Program 09 : Custom Exception

Develop a JAVA program to raise a custom exception (user defined exception) for DivisionByZero
using try, catch, throw and finally.

Java Code

// Custom exception class

class DivisionByZeroException extends Exception {

public DivisionByZeroException(String message) {

super(message);

public class CustomExceptionDemo {

// Method to perform division and throw custom exception if denominator is zero

 static double divide(int numerator, int denominator) throws DivisionByZeroException {

if (denominator == 0) {

throw new DivisionByZeroException("Cannot divide by zero!");

return (double) numerator / denominator;

public static void main(String[] args) {

int numerator = 10;

int denominator = 0;

try {

double result = divide(numerator, denominator);

System.out.println("Result of division: " + result);

} catch (DivisionByZeroException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e.getMessage());

} finally {

System.out.println("Finally block executed");

In this program:

● The DivisionByZeroException class is a custom exception that extends the Exception class.

● The divide method performs division and throws the custom exception if the denominator is
zero.

● In the main method, we attempt to divide and catch the custom exception if it occurs.
The finally block is used for code that must be executed, whether an exception is thrown or
not.

When you run this program with a denominator of 0, it will throw the DivisionByZeroException,
catch it, print the error message, and then execute the finally block.

Output

$ java CustomExceptionDemo
Exception caught: Cannot divide by zero!

Finally block executed

Program 10 : Packages

Develop a JAVA program to create a package named mypack and import & implement it in a
suitable class.

Java Code

Package mypack

// Inside a folder named 'mypack'

package mypack;

public class MyPackageClass {

public void displayMessage() {

System.out.println("Hello from MyPackageClass in mypack package!");

// New utility method

public static int addNumbers(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

Now, let’s create the main program in a different file outside the mypack folder:

PackageDemo class using mypack Package

// Main program outside the mypack folder

import mypack.MyPackageClass;

//import mypack.*;

public class PackageDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating an instance of MyPackageClass from the mypack package

MyPackageClass myPackageObject = new MyPackageClass();

 // Calling the displayMessage method from MyPackageClass

myPackageObject.displayMessage();

// Using the utility method addNumbers from MyPackageClass

int result = MyPackageClass.addNumbers(5, 3);

System.out.println("Result of adding numbers: " + result);

To compile and run this program, you need to follow these steps:

Organize your directory structure as follows:

project-directory/

├── mypack/

│ └── MyPackageClass.java

└── PackageDemo.java

Compile the files:

javac mypack/MyPackageClass.java

javac PackageDemo.java

Output

$ java PackageDemo

Hello from MyPackageClass in mypack package!

Result of adding numbers: 8

Program 11 : Runnable Interface

Write a program to illustrate creation of threads using runnable class. (start method start each of
the newly created thread. Inside the run method there is sleep() for suspend the thread for 500
milliseconds).

Java Code

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

private volatile boolean running = true;

@Override

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public void run() {

while (running) {

try {

// Suppress deprecation warning for Thread.sleep()

Thread.sleep(500);

System.out.println("Thread ID: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " is running.");

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Thread interrupted.");

public void stopThread() {

running = false;

public class RunnableThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create five instances of MyRunnable

MyRunnable myRunnable1 = new MyRunnable();

MyRunnable myRunnable2 = new MyRunnable();

MyRunnable myRunnable3 = new MyRunnable();

MyRunnable myRunnable4 = new MyRunnable();

MyRunnable myRunnable5 = new MyRunnable();

// Create five threads and associate them with MyRunnable instances

Thread thread1 = new Thread(myRunnable1);

Thread thread2 = new Thread(myRunnable2);

Thread thread3 = new Thread(myRunnable3);

 Thread thread4 = new Thread(myRunnable4);

Thread thread5 = new Thread(myRunnable5);

// Start the threads

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

thread3.start();

thread4.start();

thread5.start();

// Sleep for a while to allow the threads to run

try {

Thread.sleep(500);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

// Stop the threads gracefully

myRunnable1.stopThread();

myRunnable2.stopThread();

myRunnable3.stopThread();

myRunnable4.stopThread();

myRunnable5.stopThread();

In this program, we define a MyRunnable class that implements the Runnable interface.
The run method contains a loop where the thread sleeps for 500 milliseconds, printing its ID during
each iteration. We also handle potential interruptions caused by thread operations.

In the RunnableThreadExample class, we create five instances of MyRunnable, each associated with
a separate thread. The start method is called on each thread, initiating their concurrent execution.
After a brief period of allowing the threads to run, we gracefully stop each thread using
the stopThread method.

Output
$ java RunnableThreadExample

Thread ID: 24 is running.

Thread ID: 21 is running.

Thread ID: 20 is running.

Thread ID: 23 is running.

Thread ID: 22 is running.

Program 12 : Thread Class

Develop a program to create a class MyThread in this class a constructor, call the base class
constructor, using super and start the thread. The run method of the class starts after this. It can
be observed that both main thread and created child thread are executed concurrently.

Java Code

class MyThread extends Thread {

// Constructor calling base class constructor using super

public MyThread(String name) {

super(name);

start(); // Start the thread in the constructor

// The run method that will be executed when the thread starts

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Count: " + i);

try {

Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 500 milliseconds

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread interrupted.");

}
public class ThreadConcurrentExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create an instance of MyThread

MyThread myThread = new MyThread("Child Thread");

// Main thread

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread Count: " + i);

try {

Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 500 milliseconds

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread interrupted.");

In this program:

● The MyThread class extends Thread.

● The constructor of MyThread calls the base class constructor using super(name) to set the
thread’s name and starts the thread.

● The run method is overridden and contains a loop to print counts. The thread sleeps for 500
milliseconds in each iteration.

● In the main method, an instance of MyThread is created, which starts the child thread
concurrently.

● The main thread also prints counts and sleeps for 500 milliseconds in each iteration.

When you run this program, you’ll observe that both the main thread and the child thread are
executed concurrently, and their outputs may be interleaved.

Output

$ java ThreadConcurrentExample

main Thread Count: 1

Child Thread Count: 1

main Thread Count: 2

Child Thread Count: 2

main Thread Count: 3

Child Thread Count: 3

main Thread Count: 4

Child Thread Count: 4

main Thread Count: 5

Child Thread Count: 5