CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
Câu điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai
Type
If + S + V(hiện tại), S+ will/can/may + V(nguyên)
1
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go out.
Type Câu điều kiện không có thật không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
2 If + S + Vquá khứ), S+ would/could/might + V(nguyên)
If I had money, I would buy that car.
Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, chỉ dùng “to be” là
“WERE”
If I were you, I wouldn't behave like that.
Type Câu điều kiện không có thật không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ
3 If + S + had + VP2, S + would/might + have + VP2
If you had finished your homework, you wouldn't have
been punished.
I. Conditional Sentence Type 1: diễn tả những sự việc có khả năng
xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
If + S + V(hiện tại), S+ will/can/may + Vinf
Ví dụ:
• If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
• If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
• If I have time this evening, I will call you.
CHÚ Ý: Câu điều kiện loại 0: diễn tả các sự việc luôn đúng (sự thật
hiển nhiên hoặc chân lý).
If + S + V( hiện tại đơn) , S + V( hiện tại đơn)
Ví dụ:
• If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
• If it rains, the ground gets wet.
• If you don’t eat for a long time, you get hungry.
ÁP DỤNG:
1. If you (go) __________out with your friends tonight, I (watch)
__________the football match on TV.
2. I (earn) __________a lot of money if I (get) __________that job.
3. If she (hurry / not)__________, we (miss) __________the bus.
II. Conditional Sentence Type 2: dùng để diễn tả những hành động,
sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại. Điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một
mong muốn trái ngược với thực tại.
If + S + Vquá khứ), S+ would/could/might +
V(nguyên)
Ví dụ:
• If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
• If I were you, I would take the job offer.
• If it didn’t rain, we would go for a picnic.
LƯU Ý: Nếu mệnh đề If sử dụng động từ “to be”, ta sẽ chia “to be” là
“were” với tất cả các ngôi.
ÁP DỤNG:
1. If he (try) __________harder, he (reach) __________ his goals.
2. I (buy) __________ these shoes if they (fit) __________
3. It (surprise / not) __________ me if he (know / not) __________ the
answer.
4. If I (be) _____ you, I ( not buy)_____________ that book.
III. Conditional Sentence Type 3: diễn tả một hành động, sự việc
không có thật trong quá khứ. Điều kiện đó không thể xảy ra hoặc chỉ
mang tính ước muốn/ giả thiết trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.
If + S + had + VP2, S + would/might + have +
VP2
Ví dụ:
• If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
• If they hadn’t missed the train, they would have arrived on time.
• If I had known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a gift.
ÁP DỤNG:
1. If we (listen) __________to the radio, we (hear) __________the news.
2. If you (switch) __________on the lights, you (fall / not) __________over
the chair.
3. She (come) __________to our party if she (be / not) __________on
holiday.
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc kép
1. If we don't hurry up, we (miss)________________ the flight.
2. If they had gone outside, they (turn off)_________________ the light.
3. If you had tried your best, you (not have)____________ such bad results
at school.
4. If I were a bird, I (be able to)________________fly.
5. The man would not have caused the accident unless he
(drive)_____________ carelessly
6. If I were absent from class yesterday, I (be)_____________ in trouble.
7. If you want to send a parcel, you (go)_________ to the post office
across the street.
8. If we don't hurry up, we (miss)______________ our flight.
9. If she (know)___________ that, she would be very surprised.
10. If I( be)___________ you, I wouldn't do that.
11. If she (study)___________ harder, she will pass the exam.
12. They would win the game if they (practice)_____________ more.
13. If he (have)______________ enough money, he will buy a new car.
14. I would help you if you (ask)______________ for assistance.
15. We will go to the concert if the tickets (be)_____________ available.
16. If he works harder, he (achieve)________________ his goals.
17. They would be happier if they (live)_____________ closer to their
families.
18. If she (not forget)___________________ her keys, she wouldn’t be
locked out.
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off.
A. had turned B. would have turn
C. would turn D. would have turned
2. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window?
A. closed B. closing
C. had closed D. would close
3. If you had tried your best, you ……………. disappointed about the
result now.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be
C. wouldn’t have D. wouldn’t have been
4. If I had enough money, ……………………..
A. I will buy that house. B. I’d have bought that house.
C. I could buy that house. D. I can buy that house.
5. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.
A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.
C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
6. If I had time, I ……………………. shopping with you.
A. went B. will go C. would go D. would
have gone
7. If my father ……………………. me up, I'll take the bus home.
A. doesn’t pick B. don’t pick C. not pick D.
picks
8. I’ll help you if ……………………..
A. you told me the truth. B. you tell me the truth.
C. you will tell me the truth. D. you have told me the truth.
9. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.
A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.
B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I could meet you.
C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.
D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.
10. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter driven more carefully B. If had Peter driven more
carefully
C. If Peter had driven more carefully D. If Peter had not driven more
carefully
Bài tập 3: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng
1. I’m sorry. I wouldn’t have said it if I wasn’t so mad.
2. If I were you, I wouldn’t have completed it now.
3. I can’t join you. But if you didn’t mind, I could have gone with you on
other occasions.
4. I didn’t speak Spanish. If I spoke Spanish, we wouldn’t have got lost.
5. If you hadn’t stayed with me last night, I would feel so frightened.
