Science Ppt

On your notebook:
1. Define what is REFLECTION, in Physics.
2. Stipulate the two laws of REFLECTION.
3. What are the three types of mirror?
4. What is the difference between reflection

and refraction of light?
R
E
F
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
Have you ever thought about why we can see our
image in a mirror?
It’s because of the phenomenon known as reflection.

Light waves, sound waves, and water waves can undergo
reflection. In this session, let us learn about the
reflection of light and the types of reflection in detail.
When a ray of light approaches a
smooth polished surface and the light
ray bounces back, it is called the
reflection of light. Reflection is the
bouncing back of light into the same
medium it has been traveling after
striking a surface. It is also the
turning back of light when it strikes
the medium
The ray that strikes the surface is called the
incident ray. The ray that rebounds from the
surface is called the reflected ray. A line
perpendicular to the surface at the point of
incidence is called the normal. The angle
between the incident ray and the normal is
called the angle of incidence 𝜽𝒊 and the
angle between the reflected ray and the
normal is called the angle of reflection 𝜽𝒓 ,
LAWS OF REFLECTION
1.The incident ray and the normal reflected ray

are all lie in the same plane.
2.The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection. 𝜽𝒊 = 𝜽𝒓
TYPES OF REFLECTION
1. REGULAR REFLECTION =light reflected from smooth
surfaces.
EXAMPLE : mirrors
2. DIFFUSE REFLECTION= reflection from rough surfaces

EXAMPLE: trees, wall
Regular reflection:
Regular reflection is also termed specular reflection. These

are simplified reflections that are understandable through
the plane mirror. The plane mirror is not the standard
mirror we use every day; rather than it is the glass mirror
coated uniformly with heavy reflective material like powder.
This uniform coating of the reflective material reflects the
total amount of light when the light falls on the mirror. In
this type of reflection, there is no variation in incident ray,
reflected ray and angles at the variable point of the glass.
Because of this minimal variation in the reflecting angles in
the mirror, the blur and hazy appearance of the image is
eliminated.
Characteristics
•In regular reflection, when light falls on the smooth surface reflects in a parallel manner
•Common examples of regular reflection are silver, mirrors
•The image is in form position with complete clarity and visibility
Irregular reflection: There are many other reflective surfaces
apart from mirrors. All such surfaces are part of irregular
reflections. The irregular reflection is also known as the
diffused reflection. In irregular reflection, the reflective
surfaces are usually rough compared to the surfaces in
regular reflection. When the light falls on such uneven
surfaces, the reflection of light is entirely distorted and
misaligned. The rough surfaces can be wood, glass, etc. Any
dents, scratches, or dust can also distort the variation in
the irregular reflection. In the scientific language, the
incident ray falls on the surface in different positions and
reflects irregularly from other places. Also, there is variation
in the reflection with the incident and reflected ray
direction. It is why several non-shiny objects are visible.
Characteristics
•The light falls on a rough surface in the irregular reflection and reflects in a distorted direction
•The incident rays and reflected rays are not parallel to each other
•Images of non-shiny objects are clear, while shiny objects reflect burry images
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A ray of light is incident on a surface at 33° from the

normal. Find the normal angle between the incident
ray and the reflected ray. 33° 33°
Solution:
By the law of reflection, it follows that the angle of

reflection is also 33°. Therefore, the angle between the
incident ray and the reflected ray is 66°
PRACTICE:
A ray of light strikes a surface and is reflected such

that the angle between the incident ray and the
reflected ray is 30°. What is the angle of incidence
and angle of reflection?
PRACTICE:
A ray of light strikes a surface and is reflected such

that it created the angle of incident ray 28°.
28°
1. Find the angle of reflected ray?
2. Find the angle of A and B.
A° B°
PRACTICE:
Find:
1. Angle of incidence
2. Angle of reflection
3. Angle A
58° A°
MIRRORS AND REFLECTION OF LIGHT
A mirror is not necessarily a silvered plate of glass.

Rather, it is any surface that is smooth enough to
produce a regular reflection of light incident upon it.
There are two types of mirror — plane mirror. and
spherical mirror. A plane mirror is one with a flat
surface. The ordinary mirror you have at home where
you see the exact image of yourself is a plane mirror.
Plane mirrors are also used by architects or interior
designers to make a room appear bigger. A
spherical mirror has a reflecting surface taken from
the surface of a sphere. It may be concave or
convex. A concave mirror curves inward in the
direction of the incident rays. A convex mirror bulges
outward to the incident rays.
The inside
surface of the
bowl or head of
a shiny spoon is
a concave
mirror. But if you
turn it over, it
becomes a
convex mirror. A
shiny Christmas
ball, the
rearview mirrors
of cars, and the
dome mirrors in
supermarkets
are convex
mirrors. Shaving
mirrors, makeup
mirrors, and
dentist's mirrors
are concave
mirrors.
A plane mirror is one with a flat surface.
The ordinary mirror you have at home
where you see the exact image of
yourself is a plane mirror. Plane mirrors
are also used by architects or interior
designers to make a room appear
bigger
MIRRORS AND IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS in a PLANE MIRROR
VIRTUAL
ERECT/UPRIGHT
SAME SIZE as the OBJECT
IMAGE DISTANCE = OBJECT DISTANCE
LATERALLY INVERTED
Plane mirror images are virtual, upright, same size as the object, same distance behind the mirror as the
object in front of the mirror and laterally reversed.
A virtual image has the following

properties:
1. No light actually passes at the apparent
location of the image. The apparent
location of the image is found by extending
the reflected rays until they intersect. A
virtual image is formed at the back of the
mirror or where light rays appears to meet
after reflection.
2. It cannot be focused/projected on a
screen.
3. It is always upright.
𝑀𝐴 𝑀𝐵
object
Let us apply:
𝐼𝐴1 𝐼𝐵1
Plane mirrors in a beauty salon are arranged
facing each other. Suppose that two mirrors 𝑀𝐴 0.3 m 0.3 m 0.9 m
and 𝑀𝐵 are 1.2 m apart and an object is placed 0.3
m from one of the mirrors. Find the distances of
0.9 m
the first image formed from the first mirror? The
image in second mirror?
1.2 m
𝑀𝐴 𝑀𝐵
object 3.0 m
Let us apply:
𝐼𝐴1 𝐼𝐵1
Plane mirrors in a beauty salon are arranged
facing each other. Suppose that two mirrors 𝑀𝐴 0.5 m 0.5 m 1.5 m
and 𝑀𝐵 are 2.0 m apart and an object is placed 0.5
m from one of the mirrors 𝑀𝐴 . Find the distances
1.5 m
of the object from the 𝑀𝐵 and , the distance of the
object to the image formed in the 𝑀𝐵 .
2.0 m
https://ophysics.com/l9.html
❖ What can you say
about the normal,
incident ray and
reflected ray?
❖ Differentiate regular
reflection and diffuse
reflection.
SPHERICAL
MIRRORS
SPHERICAL MIRRORS
Spherical Mirror Terminology
1. Center of Curvature ( C ) = is the center of the
sphere where the mirror was taken.
2. Radius of Curvature ( R ) = is the radius of the
sphere.
3. Vertex ( V ) = the center of the mirror/ also
denote as pole vertex (P)
4. Principal axis / optical axis= the straightline
joining C & V
5. Principal focus ( F ) = the point where the
reflected rays meet as in the case of converging
mirror or the point where the reflected rays seem
to come from behind a diverging mirror.
6. focal length ( f ) = is the distance from the
pole to the principal focus. Since the principal
focus is midway between C & V , focal length is
one half of the radius of curvature.
f = ½R
TWO TYPES OF SPHERICAL MIRRORS
CONCAVE CONVEX
Light rays converge at one point after they Light rays diverge after they strike
strike and are reflected from the surface the mirror
MIRRORS AND REFLECTION OF LIGHT
SIZE OF THE OBJECT AND ITS

IMAGES
A CONCAVE MIRROR CAN PRODUCE REAL
OR VIRTUAL IMAGE DEPENDING ON THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MIRROR AND THE
OBJECT. THE IMAGE MAY ALSO BE LARGER,
SAME SIZE, OR SMALLER THAN THE OBJECT.
THE IMAGE FORMED BY CONVEX MIRROR IS

NEVER REAL BECAUSE THE REFLECTED RAYS
SPREAD OUT FROM THE MIRROR. IMAGES
FORMED BY A CONVEX MIRROR ARE ALWAYS
VIRTUAL, UPRIGHT AND SMALLER THAN THE
OBJECT.
A real image has the following
properties:
1. It is formed by the actual intersection of
light rays after encountering a mirror or
where light rays actually meet after
reflection or refraction.
2. It can be projected on a screen.
3. It is always inverted.
A virtual image has the following

properties:
1. No light actually passes at the apparent
location of the image. The apparent
location of the image is found by extending
the reflected rays until they intersect. A
virtual image is formed at the back of the
mirror or where light rays appears to meet
after reflection.
2. It cannot be focused on a screen.
3. It is always upright.
CURVED OR SPHERICAL
MIRROR = REFLECTING
V SURFACE IS TAKEN FROM
THE SURFACE OF SPHERE.
1. CONCAVE /
CONVERGING MIRROR
=CURVES INWARD IN THE
DIRECTION OF INCIDENT
RAY.
EXAMPLES: SHAVING
MIRROR, DENTIST’S MIRROR
Concave mirror
Light rays para
llel to Light rays passing
ed Light ray passing
the principal a
xis through or direct through the center of
is
passes through
or towards the focus curvature is reflected
converge from f
ocus reflected as ray
along itself.
after reflection parallel to the
principal axis
IMAGE FORMED BY CONCAVE MIRROR
If the object is beyond C , the image

formed will b e between C and F,
inverted, smaller than the original
image and real.
If the object is between Cand F , the
image formed will be beyond C,
inverted, enlarge, and real.
If the object is at F , the image
formed will be beyond C, inverted,
enlarge, and real.

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On your notebook:

1. Define what is REFLECTION, in Physics.

2. Stipulate the two laws of REFLECTION.

3. What are the three types of mirror?

4. What is the difference between reflection

It’s because of the phenomenon known as reflection.

1.The incident ray and the normal reflected ray

2. DIFFUSE REFLECTION= reflection from rough surfaces

Regular reflection is also termed specular reflection. These

A ray of light is incident on a surface at 33° from the

By the law of reflection, it follows that the angle of

A ray of light strikes a surface and is reflected such

A ray of light strikes a surface and is reflected such

A mirror is not necessarily a silvered plate of glass.

SAME SIZE as the OBJECT

IMAGE DISTANCE = OBJECT DISTANCE

A virtual image has the following

SIZE OF THE OBJECT AND ITS

THE IMAGE FORMED BY CONVEX MIRROR IS

A virtual image has the following

If the object is beyond C , the image

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